Before Peer Production: Infrastructure Gaps and the Architecture of Openness in Synthetic Biology
BEFORE PEER PRODUCTION: INFRASTRUCTURE GAPS AND THE ARCHITECTURE OF OPENNESS IN SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY David Singh Grewal* In memoriam Mark Fischer (1950 – 2015)µ * Professor of Law, Yale Law School, and Director, BioBricks Foundation. The views expressed here are my own, and do not reflect the views of any of the organizations or entities with which I am or have been affiliated. Among those to whom I owe thanks, I am especially grateful to Drew Endy, President of the BioBricks Foundation (BBF) who worked to educate me about synthetic biology, and later invited me to join the board of directors of the BBF, and to the late Mark Fischer, who was the lead drafter (along with Drew Endy, Lee Crews, and myself) of the BioBrick™ Public Agreement, and to whose memory this Article is dedicated. I am also grateful to other past and present directors and staff of the BBF, including Richard Johnson, Linda Kahl, Tom Knight, Thane Krier, Nathalie Kuldell, Holly Million, Jack Newman, Randy Rettberg, and Pamela Silver. I have benefitted from conversations about synthetic biology and open source theory with a number of other scientists, including Rob Carlson, George Church, Jason Kelly, Manu Prakash, Zach Serber, Reshma Shetty, Christina Smolke, Ron Weiss and with a number of lawyers, scholars, and open source advocates including Yochai Benkler, James Boyle, Daniela Cammack, Paul Cammack, Paul Goldstein, Hank Greely, Janet Hope, Margot Kaminski, Mark Lemley, Stephen Maurer, Eben Moglen, Lisa Ouellette, Jedediah Purdy, Arti Rai, Pamela Samuelson, Jason Schultz, and Andrew Torrance, and especially Talli Somekh, who first introduced me to synthetic biology and noted the connections between my work in network theory and new developments in biotechnology.
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