Texas Board of Water Engineers Durwood Manford, Chairman

R. M. DixOD I Member O. F. Dent, Member

Lorry S. Ca'l1pbell Parks and Wilc1!ir~ Dept. 40C2 North C"'adbolJrne St:.. Sa~ Ar.gclQ, Texas

BlLLE.'rIN 5905

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF TEXAS SURFACE WATERS, 1956

Prepared in cooperation with the United States Department of the Interior, Geological Survey, and other agencies, under the direction of Burdge Irelan, District Chemist, Geological Survey

January 1959 CONTENTS

Page

Introduction------~------·- .. ------I Cooperation------y------1 Collection and analysis of samples-~------__ 2 Texas Board of Water Engineers-U. S. Geological Survey sampling program------~·-----·------. ------2 International Boundary and Water Commission-U. S. Department of Agriculture sampling program------··------· --. ------2 Expression of results.. ---·· - .. ------,,- --,,- --~-.. -- -- .. ---- 3 Tables of analyses Arkansas River basin------.. ------y - ----...... ------10 Canadian River near Amarillo-....------10 Miscellaneous analyses------11 . Red River basin-·~------··-----··------·,------12 near Hedley------.. -· ----.. -----.. ------12 Little Wichita River near Archer City------.. ------13 Little Wichita River near Henrietta··------.. ------14

Red River near Gainesville------··------··--- H. ------15 Red River at Denison Dam near Denison------· ------17 Miscellaneous analyses··------.. ------18 Sabine River basin------.. ------·,,· ------19 Sabine River near Tatum------··------19 Sabine River near Ruliff------.. 20 Cow Bayou near Mauriceville------·.. ------21 Neches River basin------.. ------.... ------22 Angelina River near Lufkin------··------~22 Neches River at Evadale------.. ------23 Trinity River basin------· ------.. ------~------.. ------24 Trinity River near Rosser------··------.. ------24 Cedar Creek near Mabank------··------25 Richland Creek near Fairfield-~------.. - .. ---·------· ------26 Trinity River at Romayor .. ------~------.. -.. 27 Trinity River at Moss Bluff-' ------.. ------. ------28 Old River near Cove------29 Trinity River at Anahuac-·~------·------30 Trinity Bay at Mouth of Trinity River near Anahuac------··---··- 31 Miscellaneous analyses-----.... ------.. ------33 Brazos River basin------.------34 Hubbard Creek near Breckenridge------· ------.------34 Brazos River at Possum Kingdom Dam near Graford------35 Brazos River near Whitney---.. ------· . -- .. ---- ... ------.. ----- 36 Brazos River at Richmond··------··------· ------... ---- 37 Miscellaneous ana lyses ------._- .. ------. ------.. ------38

, CONTENTS--Continued

Page

Tables of analyses--Continued Colorado River basin~~------~~~--"------39 Colorado River near San Saba------~------­ 39 Colorado River at Austin------.. ------~ 40 Colorado River at Wharton------~------··-~-~------­41 Miscellaneous analyses------~-~------42 Guadalupe River basin----~------~43 Guadalupe River at Victoria------­ 43 Miscellaneous analyses------44 Nueces River bas in-~------~ ------.,------45 Nueces River near Mathis------~------~------45 basin~~------.. ------.. ------~ 46 Rio Grande near EI Paso------~------­ 46 Rio Grande below Old Fort Quitman------­ 47 Rio Grande at Upper Presidio-~------~------­ 48 Rio Grande at Johnson Ranch-~------­ 49 Rio Grande at Langtry------.. --- 50 ~ Pecos River below Red Bluff Dam near Orla------­ 51 Pecos River below Grandfalls~------­52 Pecos River near Girvin------.-­ 53 Pecos River near Shumla------54 ~ Rio Grande at Laredo------­ 55 \I Rio Grande below Falcon Dam------56 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF TEXAS SURFACE WATERS, 1956

INTRODUCTION

This report makes available to the public data on the chemical quality of the surface waters of Texas in the water year 1956. Results are presented for chemical analyses of water samples obtained daily from selected points throughout the State and also the results for a number of miscellaneous samples obtained at various points during the period October I, 1955, to September 30, 1956.

All natural waters contain dissolved mineral matter. Water in contact with rocks and soils, even for only short periods of time, will dissolve some of the mineral and organic substances. The chemical character of stream waters is dependent on several factors, such as type of soil and rock with which the water is in contact, length of time of the contact, and climatic conditions. In Texas, the chemical composition of waters varies widely from stream to stream and. often, from point to point on a particular stream.

The records of chemical analysis of surface waters given in this volume serve as a basis for determining the suitability of the waters for industrial, agricultural, and domestic uses insofar as such use is affected by the dis­ , solved mineral matter in the waters.

COOPERATION

This is the twelfth in a series of reports covering surface waters of Texas prepared by the U. S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Texas Board of Water Engineers. These reports may be obtained by writing the Board of Water Engineers, Austin, Texas.

Cooperating in the collection of these data were the cities of Fort Worth and Wichita Falls, the Colorado River Municipal Water District, the Canadian River Municipal Water Authority, the Hubbard Creek Water Committee, the Lower Colorado River Authority, the Lower Neches River Authority, the Brazos River Authority, the Sabine River Authority, the Red Bluff Water Power Control District, the Chambers-Liberty Counties Navigation District, the Greenbelt Municipal and Industrial Water Association, and the U. S. Corps of Engineers.

Records for 8 stations in the Rio Grande Basin have been furnished by the U. S. Department of Agriculture. in cooperation with the International Boundary and Water Commission. COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS O~ S&~LES

The samples for which data are given were collected from October I, 1955, to September 3D, 1956. Descriptive statements are givec for each s~ling station for which a regular series of chemical analys~s have been made. These statements give the location of the stream sampling s~ation. drainage area of the stream above the station. length of time for which records are available. extremes of dissolved solids, hardness and water temperature. and other pertinent data. Records of discharge of the streams~~. or near. t~e sampling point for the sampling period are included in most tables of analyses.

Texas Board of Water Engineers-D. S. ~ealogical Survey Sampling Program

During the period October I, 1955, to Septe~ber 30. 1956, samples were collected daily at 30 points on Texas streares and twice ~eekly at ~ sampling points in Trinity Bay near the mouth of the Trinity River. In addition to the data on chemical quality included in this report, temperature data for streams at 24 of the 30 sampling stations and sedimer.t da~a for I of the sampling sta­ tions are available in the files of the U. S. Geological Survey. Austin. Texas. Records of chemical quality of streams at 52 additlonal sBffipling points for varying lengths of time have been published in previous reports of this series. The locations of the active and inactive sta~ions are shown on the accompanying map, and the periods of operation of all the stations are shown on the bar graph • • Water samples were usually obtained daily at or ~ear a Geclogical Survey gaging station. Specific conductance was determined on all samples. Composite samples were usually made for 10-day periods using eq~al volumes of s~ccessive samples having similar conductances. For some streams that ar~ subject to sudden and large changes in chemical composition or co,centration, saW-ples were com­ posited for shorter periods on the basis of the concentration of dissolved solids indicated by the measurements of specific conductance of the daily samples. At several sampling stations where changee in chemical composi:ion cccur gradually, daily samples for an entire month were composited.

International Boundary & Water Commission-U. S. Department of Agriculture Sampling Program

This report includes chemical quality records for 8 stations in the Rio Grande Basin where samples were collected by the International Boundary and Water Commission and analyses made by the U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Salinity Laboratory, Rivecside, California. At 2 of t~e stations, samples w~re collected daily; at the other~, from 2 to 14 samples were collected each month. A single ~nthly composite sample was made up for analysis by taking from each indIvidual sample an awount of water propor­ tional to the volume of river flow represented by th~ sample. Results of these analyses in equivalents per million are also published in Water Bulletin Number 26 of the International Boundary and Water Commission. :ogether with streamflow and related data.

2 EXPRESSIO~ OF RESULTS

All data in the tables of analyses are reported in parts per million except those for mean discharge, tons per acre foot, tons per day, percent sodium, specific conductance, sodium-adsorption-ratio, and pH.

A part per million is a unit weight of a constituent in a million unit weights of water.

Mean discharge is reported in cubic feet per second, which is the rate of discharge of a stream whose channel is 1 square foot in cross-sectional area and whose average velocity is 1 foot per aecond.

Dissolved solids are reported in tons per day, tons per acre-foot, and parts per million. Values reported for dissolved solids less than 1,000 parts per million are residues on evaporation and for more than 1,000 parts per million are sums of determined constituents unless noted otherwise. In obtaining the sum, the bicarbonate is calculated to carbonate by dividing by 2.03.

For those analyses in which a calculated value as sodium is shown for sodium and potassium, this value, in equivalents per million, was used in com­ puting the percent sodium. For those analyses in which a determined value for sodium is reported separately, this value is used in computing the percent sodium.

Sodium-adsorption-ratio (BAR) is the relative proportion of sodium to other cations in water and is defined by the equation:

SAR ca++ + Mg++ 2 where the concentrations of the constituents are expressed in equivalents per million. Waters are divided into four classes with respect to sodium hazard, the dividing points being at SAR values of 10, 18, and 26. They range from low-sodium water that can be used for irrigation on almost all soils to very high-sodium water which is generally unsatisfactory for irrigation.

Specific conductance, a measure of a water1s ability to conduct an elec­ tric current, is reported in micromhos per centimeter at 25°C.

A water having a pH of 7.0 is considered to be neutral; less than 7.0, increasingly acidic; and greater than 7.0, increasingly alkaline.

Sodium and potassium are reported as sodium unless listed separately in the tables.

Hardness due to calcium and magnesium and noncarbonate hardness are reported as calcium carbonate (CaC03 ).

3 The weighted averages of analyses are reported for those sampling stations for which discharge records are available. The weighted average of analyses represents the approximate composition of water that would be found in a reser. voir containing all the water passing a given station during the year, after thorough mixing in the reservoir.

The methods of analysis were the same as or modifications of those in standard publications for water analysis. 11

!I Collins, W. D., 1928, Notes on practical water analysis: U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 596-H, p. 235-261; American Public Health Association Standard methods for the examination of water, sewage, and industrial wastes, 10th ed., 1955; Scott, W. W., 1939, Standard methods of chemical analysis, v. II, p. 2049-2055, 5th ed.; Theroux, Eldridge, and Mallmann, 1943, Laboratory manual for chemical and bacteriological analyses of water and sewage, 3rd ed.

4 LOCATION OF QUALITY OF WATER SAMPLING STATIONS

Map Map Ref. Ref.

Arkansas River Basin Trinity River Basin 1 Canadian River near Tascosa 24 Clear Fork Trinity River at 2 Canadian River near Amarillo Fort Worth 3 Canadian River near Borger 25 Trinity River near Rosser 26 Cedar Creek near Mabank Red River Basin 27 Richland Creek near Fairfield 4 Prairie Dog Town Fork 28 Trinity River near Oakwood Red River near Brice 29 Trinity River at Romayor 5 Mulberry Creek near Brice 30 Trinity River near Moss Bluff 6 Salt Fork Red River near 31 Old River near Cove Hedley 32 Trinity River at Anahuac 7 Salt Fork Red River near 33 Trinity Bay near Anahuac Wellington 8 Elm Creek near Shamrock San Jacinto River Basin 9 Quitaque Creek near Quitaque 34 San Jacinto River (West Fork) 10 near Crowell near Humble 11 Little Wichita River near 35 San Jacinto River near Huffman Archer City 12 Little Wichita River near Brazos River Basin Henrietta 36 Double MOuntain Fork Brazos River 13 Red River near Gainesville near Rotan 14 Red River at Denison Dam 37 Double Mountain Fork Brazos River near Denison near Aspermont 15 Sulphur River near Darden 38 Salt Fork Brazos River near Peacock 39 Salt Fork Brazos River near Sabine River Basin Aspermont 16 Sabine River near Emory 40 Clear Fork Brazos River at Nugent 17 Sabine River near Tatum 41 Paint Creek near Haskell 18 Sabine River at Logans- 42 Clear Fork Brazos River at port, La. Fort Griffin 19 Sabine River near Ruliff 43 Hubbard Creek near Breckenridge 20 Cow Bayou near Mauriceville 44 Brazos River near South Bend 45 Brazos River at Possum Kingdom Dam Neches River Basin near Graford 21 Neches River near Rockland 46 Brazos River near Whitney 22 Angelina River near Lufkin 47 Leon River near Eastland 23 Neches River at Evadale 48 Lampasas River near Belton 49 Navasota River near Easterly 50 Brazos River at Richmond

5 LOCATION OF QUALITY OF WATER SAMPLING STATIONS--Continued

Map Map Ref. Ref.

Colorado River Basin Rio Grande Basin 51 Colorado River above Bull 69 Rio Grande near El Paso Creek near Knapp 70 Rio Grande below Old 52 Bull Creek near Ira Fort Quitman 53 Bluff Creek near Ira 71 Rio Grande at Upper 54 Deep Creek near Dunn Presidio 55 Colorado River at 72 Rio Grande near Johnson Ranch Colorado City 73 Rio Grande at Langtry 56 Morgan Creek near 74 Salt (Screwbean) Draw Colorado City near Oria 57 Colorado River at 75 Pecos River near Orla Robert Lee 76 Pecos River at Pecos 58 Oak Creek near Blackwell 77 Toyah Creek near Pecos 59 Colorado River near 78 Salt Draw near Pecos San Saba 79 Toyah Creek below 60 Colorado River at Austin Toyah Lake near Pecos 61 Colorado River at Wharton 80 Pecos River below Barstow 81 Pecos River below Grandfalls Guadalupe River Basin 82 Pecos River near Girvin 62 Guadalupe River near 83 Pecos River near Sheffield Spring Branch 84 Pecos River near Shumla 63 Guadalupe River at Victoria 85 Rio Grande at Laredo 64 San Antonio River at Goliad 86 Rio Grande below Falcon Dam 87 Rio Grande at Roma Nueces River Basin 88 Rio Grande at Mission Pumping 65 Nueces River at Cotulla Plant near Mission 66 Nueces River at Tilden 89 Rio Grande near San Benito 67 Nueces River near Three Rivers 90 Rio Grande at Los Fresnos 68 Nueces River near Mathis Pumping Plant near Brownsville 91 Rio Grande near Brownsville

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