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Odonata (Casar Dan Carum) Di Hutan Kota Tanjung Persada, Tanjung, Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan

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Odonata (Casar Dan Carum) Di Hutan Kota Tanjung Persada, Tanjung, Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan Prosiding Seminar Nasional Lahan Basah Tahun 2016 Jilid 1: 146-149 ISBN: 978-602-6483-33-1 ODONATA (CASAR DAN CARUM) DI HUTAN KOTA TANJUNG PERSADA, TANJUNG, PROVINSI KALIMANTAN SELATAN Odonata (Dragonfly and Damselfly) in Tanjung Persada Urban Forest, Tanjung, Kalimantan Selatan Province Mochamad Arief Soendjoto 1 *, Maulana Khalid Riefani 2, Yudha Pahing Perdana 3 1) Fakultas Kehutanan, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Jalan Ahmad Yani Km 36 Banjarbaru, Indonesia 2) Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Jalan Hasan Basry, Banjarmasin, Indonesia 3) PT Adaro Indonesia, Hauling Road Km 73, Wara, Kabupaten Tabalong, Indonesia Abstract: There was no data on Odonata in Hutan Kota Tanjung Persada (HKTP, Urban Forest of Tanjung Persada), Tanjung, Data is important to show the existence and the condition of waters in the HKTP area. In addition, it can be used as environmental education materials for students in Tanjung (the city of Tabalong Regency) and its surrounding areas. The objectives of the research were to list Odonata species and to link the (dominant color) species to the area where it was found. Data was collected through survey in 4 consecutive days of September 2016. The area consisted of the exposed area and the shaded one. The identified Odonatas were noted directly, but the unidentified ones were documented as photographs before they were identified. Fourteen species were found in HKTP. There were 8 dragonfly species (2 families) and 6 damselfly species (2 families). The number of species in the exposed area was higher than that in the shaded area. Keywords: damselfly, dragonfly, exposed area, shaded area, waters 1. PENDAHULUAN belum tersedia. Sediaan data tentang capung adalah penting dan tidak bisa diabaikan begitu saja. Odonata yang pada penelitian ini terdiri atas Serangga kecil ini tidak hanya dapat digunakan capung besar (casar) dan capung jarum (carum) sebagai petunjuk adanya perairan dan kondisi adalah hewan yang dikelompokkan ke dalam kelas perairan di HKTP. Lebih dari itu, capung dapat insekta (serangga) dan seringkali dijadikan dimanfaatkan sebagai materi dalam pendidikan atau bioindikator perairan. Apabila ada capung, dapat konservasi lingkungan. Pemanfaatan hutan kota dipastikan bahwa di sekitarnya ada perairan. Tidak sebagai tempat atau sumber belajar adalah menjadi soal apakah airnya mengalir deras, mengalir tanggung jawab bersama dalam kerangka perlahan, atau bahkan menggenang. Sebaliknya, mewujudkan hutan kota tidak sekedar sebagai apabila ada perairan, belum tentu ditemukan capung pengatur siklus oksigen, tetapi juga sebagai di perairan ini. Diduga terdapat unsur lingkungan lain prasarana rekreasi untuk menjaga kesehatan jiwa yang memengaruhinya. dan prasarana pendidikan dan bermain yang aman, Selain sebagai bioindikator perairan, capung nyaman, dan menyenangkan. juga berperan menjaga keseimbangan ekologi Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menginventarisasi (Soendjoto, 2016). Capung adalah predator bagi capung dan mengaitkan secara kualitatif tampilan beberapa serangga yang dikenal sebagai hama dan morfologi (warna) dengan kondisi area; kondisi area pembawa bibit penyakit, seperti lalat dan nyamuk. dalam hal ini adalah naungan yang bagi wisatawan Pada sisi lain, capung merupakan mangsa bagi menjadi unsur lingkungan yang membuat wisatawan beberapa spesies hewan pemakan serangga ini aman (terhindar dari gigitan nyamuk, serangga (insektivora), seperti burung dan laba-laba. Burung yang populasinya banyak di area ternaungi atau pemakan capung antara lain kirik-kirik Meropidae area berhutan) dan nyaman (suasana sejuk, sedap dan kipasan Rhipiduridae (Soendjoto, Riefani, dipandang mata) ketika berkunjung ke HKTP. Triwibowo & Wahyudi, 2015) Hasilnya dapat dimanfaatkan untuk berbagai Dalam survei awal, capung ditemukan di area kepentingan yang salah satunya adalah penjagaan Hutan Kota Tanjung Persada (HKTP) yang luasnya atau peningkatan keseimbangan lingkungan hutan sekitar 4 hektare dan terletak di Kecamatan Murung kota; misalnya terkait dengan rasio zona area Pudak, Tanjung, Kalimantan Selatan. Namun, data terbuka dengan area ternaungi, zona perairan terkait dengan nama spesies-spesies capung itu dengan non-perairan. © 2017. Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat 146 Prosiding Seminar Nasional Lahan Basah Tahun 2016 Jilid 1: 146-149 ISBN: 978-602-6483-33-1 dikenali didokumentasikan dalam bentuk foto 2. METODE terlebih dahulu untuk selanjutnya diidentifikasi di dalam-ruang atau laboratorium. Rujukan untuk Data tentang capung diperoleh dari survei identifikasi adalah Bárta & Dolnỳ (2013), Orr (2003, langsung di HKTP selama lima berturut-turut pada 2005), dan Silsby (2001). bulan September 2016. Hutan seluas 4 ha ini Area yang menjadi lokasi atau titik capung dibelah oleh ruas jalan raya (Gambar 1), sehingga ditemukan dikelompokkan dalam area terbuka dan terdiri atas hutan kota di bagian utara yang area ternaungi. Area terbuka adalah area dengan tumbuhannya didominasi karet (Hevea brasiliensis) atau di bawah vegetasi (tumbuhan) yang tingginya dan jaraknya relatif rapi serta hutan kota di bagian maksimal 1 m. Yang termasuk kelompok ini adalah selatan yang tumbuhannya bervariasi dan tidak area di permukaan, di atas, atau di tepi perairan berjarak rapi. (kolam) dan lahan berumput. Area ternaungi adalah Perairan di HKTP terdiri atas perairan dengan area di lantai atau di bawah vegetasi (tumbuhan) air mengalir (kali atau sungai) dan dengan air yang yang tingginya lebih dari 1 m serta area lain yang posisinya relatif ternaungi. Yang termasuk dalam kelompok pertama area ternaungi adalah dalam hutan. Yang termasuk dalam kelompok kedua adalah kolam kecil (air genangan, berbentuk persegi panjang dengan luas sekitar 8 m2, dalam sekitar 2,5 m) pada HKTP bagian utara serta jalan akses (berlantai paving block sepanjang kira-kira 100 m) di HKTP bagian selatan. 3. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN Empat belas spesies capung (Odonata) yang terdiri atas 8 spesies (2 famili) casar dan 6 spesies (2 famili) carum ditemukan (Tabel 1). Mereka ditemukan, baik dalam posisi sedang terbang berkeliling maupun hinggap di lahan berumput di depan gerbang HKTP, jalan akses, kolam di HKTP utara, dan kolam di HKTP selatan. Capung di area terbuka relatif mudah dikenali. Warnanya lebih mencolok daripada warna materi lingkungan di sekitarnya. Warna yang tampak atau bahkan dominan di tubuh casar dan carum adalah merah (seperti pada O. testaceum, P. flavescens Gambar 1. Hutan Kota Tanjung Persada, Tanjung jantan, T. tillarga jantan), kuning (pada P. flavescens betina, T. tillarga betina), atau biru (pada relatif menggenang (dalam hal ini dua buah kolam). Agriocnemis, Pseudagrion). Secara umum jumlah Sungai mengalir dari utara ke selatan melalui spesies capung yang ditemukan di area terbuka permukiman, sebelum akhirnya melewati dua bidang lebih banyak daripada di area ternaungi. kolam di area HKTP serta bermuara di Sungai Kondisi capung di area terbuka itu berbeda Tabalong. Kolam pertama dari dua kolam di dalam dengan capung di area ternaungi. Warna dan area HKTP itu terletak di hulu, apabila aliran sungai bahkan corak capung di area tersebut terakhir ini dijadikan patokan. Bidangnya berbentuk persegi tersamar. Warnanya lebih mendekati atau panjang dengan luas sekitar 150 m2. Sebagian cenderung mengandung unsur gelap, seperti hitam tepinya telah difondasi atau disiring dengan batu (misalnya pada R. phyllis, C. marginipes) atau ungu kali. Kolam kedua atau kolam hilir berbentuk tak (pada O. atrocyana). Menurut Zeuss, Brandl, beraturan dengan ukuran lebih kecil (sekitar 120 m2) Brӓndle, Rahbek & Brunzel (2014), serangga terletak di hilir dan tidak disiring. Kolam pertama (capung dan kupu-kupu) berwarna gelap menyukai (hulu) dengan kolam kedua (hilir) dihubungkan oleh iklim lebih dingin, sedangkan yang berwarna cerah aliran air sepanjang sekitar 6 m dan selebar 1 m. menyukai ikilm lebih hangat. Capung yang nama spesiesnya sudah bisa dikenali didata langsung, sedangkan yang belum © 2017. Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat 147 Prosiding Seminar Nasional Lahan Basah Tahun 2016 Jilid 1: 146-149 ISBN: 978-602-6483-33-1 Terlepas dari pemangsaan capung oleh spesies hewan lain Tabel 1. Casar dan carum di Hutan Kota Tanjung Persada, Tanjung, yang melibatkan morfologi umum Kalimantan Selatan (khususnya terkait dengan warna tubuh) dan perilaku capung, warna No. Famili Nama spesies Nama internasional AB AN atau kewarnaan pada tubuh A Casar (dragonfly) capung itu memiliki fungsi yang 1 Gomphidae Ictinogomphus decoratus Common Flangetail ● — tidak kalah penting, yaitu dalam 2 Libellulidae Brachydiplax chalybea Blue Dasher ● — perkembangbiakan atau yang 3 Libellulidae Neurothemis ramburii Red Percher — ● lebih umum, perilaku spesies. 4 Libellulidae Orthetrum sabina Slender Skimmer ● — 5 Libellulidae Orthetrum testaceum - ● — Warna tubuh memainkan peran 6 Libellulidae Pantala flavescens Wandering Glider ● — utama dalam komunikasi antar- 7 Libellulidae Rhyothemis phyllis Yellow-barraed Flutterer ● ● individu, terutama terkait dengan 8 Libellulidae Tholymis tillarga White-barred Duskhawk ● — perilaku seksual (Silsby, 2001), seleksi seksual (Guillermo- B Carum (damselfly) Ferreira, Therézio, Gehlen, Bispo 1 Coenagrionidae Agriocnemis femina Variable Wisp ● — & Marletta, 2013; Hassall, 2014; 2 Coenagrionidae Ceriagrion Ornate Coraltail, Bicoloured ● — Huang & Reinhard, 2012), atau cerinorubellum Damsel ukuran tubuh. Menurut Huang, 3 Coenagrionidae Ceriagrion minima
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