DOCSLIB.ORG

12 Health Risks of Chronic Heavy Drinking Health Risks of Alcohol: 12 Health Problems Associated with Chronic Heavy Drinking by David Freeman

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
12 Health Risks of Chronic Heavy Drinking Health Risks of Alcohol: 12 Health Problems Associated with Chronic Heavy Drinking by David Freeman 12 Health Risks of Chronic Heavy Drinking Health Risks of Alcohol: 12 Health Problems Associated with Chronic Heavy Drinking By David Freeman Reviewed by Marina Katz, MD It's no secret that alcohol consumption can cause major health problems, including cirrhosis of the liver and injuries sustained in automobile accidents. But if you think liver disease and car crashes are the only health risks posed by drinking, think again: Researchers have linked alcohol consumption to more than 60 diseases. "Alcohol does all kinds of things in the body, and we're not fully aware of all its effects," says James C. Garbutt. MD, professor of psychiatry at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine and a researcher at the university's Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies. "It's a pretty complicated little molecule." Here are 12 conditions linked to chronic heavy drinking. Anemia Heavy drinking can cause the number of oxygen-carrying red blood cells to be abnormally low. This condition, known as anemia, can trigger a host of symptoms, including fatigue, shortness of breath, and lightheadedness. Cancer "Habitual drinking increases the risk of cancer," says Jurgen Rehm, PhD, chairman of the University of Toronto's department of addiction policy and a senior scientist at the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, also in Toronto. Scientists believe the increased risk comes when the body converts alcohol into acetaldehyde, a potent carcinogen. Cancer sites linked to alcohol use include the mouth, pharynx (throat). larynx (voice box), esophagus, liver, breast, and colorectal region. Cancer risk rises even higher in heavy drinkers who also use tobacco. Cardiovascular disease Heavy drinking, especially bingeing, makes platelets more likely to clump together into blood clots, which can lead to heart attack or stroke. In a landmark study published in 2005, Harvard researchers found that binge drinking doubled the risk of death among people who initially survived a heart attack. Heavy drinking can also cause cardiomyopathy, a potentially deadly condition in which the heart muscle weakens and eventually fails, as well as heart rhythm abnormalities such as atrial and ventricular fibrillation. Atrial fibrillation, in which the heart's upper chambers (atria) twitch chaotically rather than constrict rhythmically, can cause blood clots that can trigger a stroke. Ventricular fibrillation causes chaotic twitching in the heart's main pumping chambers (ventricles). It causes rapid loss of consciousness and, in the absence of immediate treatment, sudden death. Cirrhosis Alcohol is toxic to liver cells, and many heavy drinkers develop cirrhosis, a sometimes-lethal condition in which the liver is so heavily scarred that it is unable to function. But it's hard to predict which drinkers will develop cirrhosis. "Some people who drink huge amounts never get cirrhosis, and some who don't drink very much do get it," Saitz says. For some unknown reason, women seem to be especially vulnerable. because alcohol is toxic to nerve cells, or because nutritional deficiencies attributable to heavy drinking compromise nerve function. Pancreatitis In addition to causing stomach irritation (gastritis), drinking can inflame the pancreas. Chronic pancreatitis interferes with the digestive process, causing severe abdominal pain and persistent diarrhea --and "it's not fixable," Saitz says. Some cases of chronic pancreatitis are triggered by gallstones, but up to 60% stem from alcohol consumption. Reviewed on September 15, 2011 Fetal cohol Spectrum Di orders Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs) are a group of conditions that can occur in a person whose mother drank alcohol during pregnancy. These effects can include physical problems and problems with behavior and learning. Often, people with FASDs have a mix of these problems. If you think your child might have an FASD, talk to your health care provider. What are FASDs? FASDs refer to a range of effects that can happen to a person whose mother drank alcohol during pregnancy. These conditions can affect each person in different ways, and can range from mild to severe. They can affect the mind or the body, or both. Because FASDs make up a group of disorders, people with FASDs can exhibit a wide range and mix of symptoms. Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is one condition among the full range of FASDs. A baby born with FAS has a small head, weighs less than other babies, and has distinctive facial features. Some of the behavioral and intellectual disabilities of people with FASDs include: • Difficulty with learning or memory • Higher than normal level of activity (hyperactivity) • Difficulty with attention • Speech and language delays • Low IQ • Poor reasoning and judgment skills People born with FASDs can also have problems with their organs, '7 including the heart and kidneys. What causes FASDs? FASDs are caused by a woman's drinking alcohol during pregnancy. Alcohol in the mother's blood passes to the baby through the umbilical cord. When a woman drinks alcohol so does her baby. There is no known amount of alcohol that is safe to drink during pregnancy or when trying to get pregnant. All drinks that contain alcohol, including wine and beer, can harm an unborn baby. There is no safe time to drink alcohol during pregnancy. Alcohol can harm a baby at any time during pregnancy. So, to prevent FASDs, a woman should not drink alcohol while she is pregnant, or even when she might get pregnant. This is because a woman could get pregnant and not know it for up to 4 to 6 weeks. In the United States, nearly half of all pregnancies are unplanned. How many people have FASDs? We do not know exactly how many people have an FASD. Few estimates are available. Based on community studies using physical examinations, experts estimate that the full range of FASDs among 6-7 year old children in the United States and some Western European countries might be as high as 2 to 5 out of 100 school children (or 2% to 5% of the population). National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities 111 Division of Congenital and Developmental Disorders Are there treatments for FASDs? FASDs last a lifetime. There is no cure for FASDs, but research shows that early intervention treatment services can improve a child's development. There are many types of treatment options, including medication to help with some symptoms, behavior and education therapy, parent training, and other approaches. No one treatment is right for every child. Good treatment plans will include close monitoring, follow-ups, and changes as needed along the way. There are a number of factors that can help reduce the effects of FASDs and help people with these conditions reach their full potential. These factors include: • Diagnosis before 6 years of age • A loving, nurturing, and stable home environment during the school years • Absence of violence • Involvement in special education and social services What can I do if I think my child has an FASD? Ask for a Referral If you or your health care provider thinks your child could have an FASD, ask your provider for a referral to a specialist (someone who knows about FASDs), such as a developmental pediatrician, child psychologist, or clinical geneticist. In some cities, there are clinics whose staff have special training in diagnosing and treating children with FASDs. For providers and clinics in your area, visit the National and State Resource Directory from the National Organization on Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (NOFAS) www.nofas.org/resource-directory/ or call 800-66-NOFAS (66327). Get an Evaluation Call your state's public early childhood system to request a free evaluation to find out if your child qualifies for intervention services. You do not need to wait for a health care provider's referral or a medical diagnosis to make this call. Steps for a free evaluation from the state depends on your child's age: For children younger than 3 years old, contact your local early intervention system at www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/actearly/parents/states.html. To learn more, visit www.parentcenterhub.oro/repository/ei- overview/ or call (973) 642-8100. For children 3 years old or older, contact your local public school system. Even if your child is not old enough for kindergarten or enrolled in a public school, call your local elementary school or board of education and ask to speak with someone who can help you have your child evaluated. To learn more, visit www.parentcenterhub.orqlrepository/schoolage/ or call (973) 642-8100. To help your child reach his or her full potential, it is very important to get help for FASDs as early as possible! For More Information To learn more about FASDs, visit • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention www.cdc.gov/fasd or call 800-CDC-INFO • American Academy of Pediatrics FASD Toolkit www.aap.org/fasd • Center for Parent Information and Resources www.parentcenterhub.org/resources/ or call (973) 642-8100 • National Organization on Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (NOFAS) www.nofas.org or call 800-66-NOFAS (66327) • Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration's FASD Center for Excellence www.fasdcenter.samhsa.gov .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Binge Drinking and the Risk of Liver Events: a Population-­Based Cohort Study
    Received: 10 January 2017 | Accepted: 26 February 2017 DOI: 10.1111/liv.13408 GENETIC AND METABOLIC LIVER DISEASE Binge drinking and the risk of liver events: A population- based cohort study Fredrik Åberg1 | Jaana Helenius-Hietala2 | Pauli Puukka3 | Antti Jula3 1Transplantation and Liver Surgery Clinic, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki Abstract University, Helsinki, Finland Background & Aims: Binge drinking or heavy episodic drinking is increasingly preva- 2 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial lent, but the health effects are incompletely understood. We investigated whether Diseases, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland binge drinking increases the risk for liver disease above and beyond the risk due to 3Department of Health, National Institute for average alcohol consumption. Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland Methods: 6366 subjects without baseline liver disease who participated in the Finnish Correspondence population- based Health 2000 Study (2000- 2001), a nationally representative cohort. Fredrik Åberg, MD, PhD, Transplantation Follow- up data from national registers until 2013 were analysed for liver- related ad- and Liver Surgery Clinic, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland. missions, mortality and liver cancer. Binge drinking (≥5 drinks per occasion, standard Email: [email protected] drink 12 g ethanol) was categorised as weekly, monthly, or as less often or none. Funding information Multiple confounders were considered. FÅ received research grants from Wilhelm and Else Stockmanns Foundation, Liv och Hälsa, Results: Eighty- four subjects developed decompensated liver disease. Binge drinking and Finska Läkaresällskapet. frequency showed a direct association with liver- disease risk after adjustment for aver- Handling Editor: Helena Cortez-Pinto age daily alcohol intake and age.
    [Show full text]
  • Alcohol Withdrawal
    Alcohol withdrawal TERMINOLOGY CLINICAL CLARIFICATION • Alcohol withdrawal may occur after cessation or reduction of heavy and prolonged alcohol use; manifestations are characterized by autonomic hyperactivity and central nervous system excitation 1, 2 • Severe symptom manifestations (eg, seizures, delirium tremens) may develop in up to 5% of patients 3 CLASSIFICATION • Based on severity ○ Minor alcohol withdrawal syndrome 4, 5 – Manifestations occur early, within the first 48 hours after last drink or decrease in consumption 6 □ Manifestations develop about 6 hours after last drink or decrease in consumption and usually peak about 24 to 36 hours; resolution occurs in 2 to 7 days 7 if withdrawal does not progress to major alcohol withdrawal syndrome 4 – Characterized by mild autonomic hyperactivity (eg, tachycardia, hypertension, diaphoresis, hyperreflexia), mild tremor, anxiety, irritability, sleep disturbances (eg, insomnia, vivid dreams), gastrointestinal symptoms (eg, anorexia, nausea, vomiting), headache, and craving alcohol 4 ○ Major alcohol withdrawal syndrome 5, 4 – Progression and worsening of withdrawal manifestations, usually after about 24 hours from the onset of initial manifestations 4 □ Manifestations often peak around 50 hours before gradual resolution or may continue to progress to severe (complicated) withdrawal, particularly without treatment 4 – Characterized by moderate to severe autonomic hyperactivity (eg, tachycardia, hypertension, diaphoresis, hyperreflexia, fever); marked tremor; pronounced anxiety, insomnia,
    [Show full text]
  • Binge Drinking Research
    WTAG binge-drinking research Report of research and consultation conducted by MCM Research Ltd for Wine Intelligence September 2004 MCM Research Limited 27/28 St Clements, Oxford OX4 1AB Tel: 01865 204211 Fax: 01865 793137 Email: [email protected] WTAG Binge Drinking Research Introduction The term ‘binge-drinking’ has, in recent years, come to replace earlier epithets such as ‘lager louts’ in discussions of alcohol-related antisocial behaviour. The use of such a new term is taken by many commentators to imply that the phenomenon to which it relates is also quite novel. But in the way that aggressive outbursts from motorists were common long before the descriptor ‘road rage’ was coined, the patterns of behaviour that fall within the loose boundaries of binge-drinking also have a long ancestry in Britain. One only has to read The Pub and the People, written by Tom Harrisson and his Mass Observation colleagues in the late 1930s, to be reminded of this. He refers us, for example, to the annual report of the Worktown (Bolton) Temperance Society annual report of 1854 which commented1: “That drunkenness is painfully prevalent in the Borough a thousand facts bear most painful testimony. Men and women staggering along the public streets, fights brawls of the most barbarous character …” The contemporary observations made by Harrisson and co in Bolton and Blackpool were, in many substantial ways, consistent with what we have seen in our research over the past 20 years and with the present-day patterns of activity in towns and cities all over the country. For example: “At closing time back and front streets crowded, some people dancing, men and women doing foxtrots and a group of women trying to do a fling.
    [Show full text]
  • The Facts About Binge Drinking•
    The facts about binge drinking• Alcohol is the most common type of drug use in Australia. Alcohol is so widely used that many people don’t think of it as a drug and may not realise that it can be harmful. As a result, they may drink too heavily at times. The term ‘binge drinking’ generally refers to drinking • Alcohol can also continue to affect you the following day. heavily over a short period of time with the intention Hangovers can significantly increase lapses in attention of getting drunk, resulting in immediate and and can impair your ability to work or drive. severe intoxication. • Long-term harms, including becoming dependent on Binge drinking can be harmful in several ways: alcohol, and developing liver cancer or brain damage. • Short-term harms, including hangovers, headaches, • Binge drinking may result in blackouts, where a person nausea, shakiness and possibly vomiting and memory may say or do things after heavy drinking and not loss. There is also the risk of alcohol poisoning which can remember these events1. cause death. A common misconception is that a marker on a • Behaviour-based risks, including falls, assaults, car accidents, shame and embarrassment, loss of valuable glass of wine indicates one standard drink, but this items, and financial losses through reckless spending is not necessarily the case as glass sizes and the while intoxicated, or loss of income through time off work. concentration of alcohol in different wines can vary. What is a standard drink? A standard drink contains 10 grams of pure alcohol. Alcoholic drinks often contain more than one standard drink, e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • Binge Drinking Trends Among Young Adults in 10 Indiana Counties
    Center for Community Health Engagement and Equity Research Binge Drinking Trends Among Young Adults in 10 Indiana Counties Introduction According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention was an increase in the percentage of individuals who reported (CDC), “Binge drinking is the most common, costly, and binge drinking in every age group (SAMHDA, 1996-2006). deadly pattern of excessive alcohol use in the United States” However, less aging out was seen when comparing data from (CDC, 2018). Indeed, binge drinking in young adulthood has this time period: a 20% versus 14% decline in binge drinking been demonstrated to lead to such issues as alterations to among emerging adults (SAMHDA, 1996-2006). This trend in the developing brain structure, illicit drug and tobacco use, absence of aging out was seen again in 2016. This time, the alcoholism, liver damage, alcohol poisoning, and accidental percentage of extended adolescents who reported binge injury or death (HHS, 2007). Both national and local data drinking had dropped signicantly, but with a steeper jump to show a shift in binge drinking accompanied by changing age 21, and no aging out among emerging adults (SAMHDA, 2016). experiences in young adulthood. Whereas past data indicate Figure 1: Prevalence of Binge Drinking by Age for the Years 1996, 2006, a trend of decreased binge drinking after age 21, researchers and 2016: Substance Abuse & Mental Health Data Archive (SAMHDA) now observe an increase in binge drinking that extends (1996-2016) beyond the peak often associated with the legal drinking age. This issue brief provides background information on binge 50 drinking among young adults and highlights results from the Indiana Partnerships for Success (PFS) Young Adult Survey, kers which was administered to over 1,100 young adults ages 18 40 rin to 25 in 10 Indiana counties (Cass, Clark, Floyd, Knox, Lake, Madison, Marion, Porter, Scott, and Vanderburgh) between ge D November and December of 2016.
    [Show full text]
  • Alcohol Consumption and Pancreatitis Mortality
    vv Clinical Group Annals of Pancreatic Disorders and Treatment DOI CC By YE Razvodovsky* Research Article Grodno State Medical University, 80 Gorky Street, Grodno 230009, Belarus Alcohol Consumption and Pancreatitis Dates: Received: 11 March, 2017; Accepted: 06 June, 2017; Published: 09 June, 2017 Mortality *Corresponding author: YE Razvodovsky, Grodno State Medical University, 80 Gorky Street, Grodno 230009, Belarus, Tel: + 375 0152 70 18 84; Fax: +375 0152 43 53 41; E-mail: Abstract https://www.peertechz.com Background: Pancreatitis is a major public health problem with high associated economic costs. Accumulated research and empirical evidence suggests that excessive alcohol consumption is a major risk factor for both acute and chronic pancreatitis. In line with this evidence we assume that devastating combination of higher level of alcohol consumption per capita and drinking of vodka results in a close association between binge drinking and pancreatitis mortality at the aggregate level in Russia. This paper was design to estimate the aggregate level effect of binge drinking on pancreatitis mortality rate in Russian. Method: Trends in age-adjusted, sex-specifi c pancreatitis mortality and fatal alcohol poisoning rate (as a proxy for binge drinking) from 1956 to 2015 were analyzed employing a distributed lags analysis in order to ass’s bivariate relationship between the two time series. Results: The results of the time series analysis indicates the presence of a statistically signifi cant association between the two time series at zero lag for male (r = 0.72; S.E. = 0.13), and for female (r = 0.36; S.E. = 0.13). Conclusion: The results of present study support the hypothesis that alcohol played a crucial role in pancreatitis mortality fl uctuation in Russia over the past decades.
    [Show full text]
  • Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
    Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Does Alcohol Withdrawal Play a Role? Jennifer D. Thomas, Ph.D., and Edward P. Riley, Ph.D. Alcohol use by a pregnant woman may interfere with the development of her fetus. Newborns whose mothers are intoxicated during delivery can experience withdrawal symptoms, such as tremors and even seizures. It is likely that withdrawal also can occur during fetal development. Thus, the possibility exists that withdrawal by the pregnant woman may exacerbate alcohol’s adverse effects on her fetus. One potential mechanism through which alcohol withdrawal might damage the fetus involves the receptor for the neurotransmitter glutamate (i.e., the N-methyl-D-aspartate [NMDA] receptor). This receptor plays a crucial role during neuronal development. Excessive activation of the NMDA receptor, which occurs during withdrawal, may lead to neuronal cell death. Animal studies suggest that these effects may contribute to behavioral deficits following prenatal exposure to alcohol. KEY WORDS: fetal alcohol syndrome; AOD withdrawal syndrome; symptom; gestation; fetus; neonate; mother; prenatal alcohol exposure; heavy AOD use; binge AOD use; congenital anomaly; fetal development; central nervous system; NMDA receptors; cytolysis; cell growth and differentiation; teratogenesis; brain damage; AOD abstinence; animal model; literature review woman who drinks alcoholic Withdrawal Symptoms estimated to consume two or more beverages during pregnancy in Pregnant Women drinks per day (Abel 1990). A exposes not only herself but and Newborns One of the consequences of heavy also her fetus to alcohol. Alcohol read- alcohol use is the potential for experi- ily crosses the placenta; consequently, encing withdrawal symptoms during the blood alcohol levels (BAL’s) of the Pregnant Women periods of abstinence.
    [Show full text]
  • Alcohol Facts and Statistics
    Alcohol Facts and Statistics Alcohol Use in the United States: » Prevalence of Drinking: According to the 2015 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), 86.4 percent of people ages 18 or older reported that they drank alcohol at some point in their lifetime; 70.1 percent reported that they drank in the past year; 56.0 percent reported that they drank in the past month.1 » Prevalence of Binge Drinking and Heavy Alcohol Use: In 2015, 26.9 percent of people ages 18 or older reported that they engaged in binge drinking in the past month; 7.0 percent reported that they engaged in heavy alcohol use in the past month.2 (See sidebar on page 2 for definitions of binge drinking and heavy alcohol use.) Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) in the United States: » Adults (ages 18+): According to the 2015 NSDUH, 15.1 million adults ages 18 and older3 (6.2 percent of this age group4) had AUD. This includes 9.8 million men3 (8.4 percent of men in this age group4) and 5.3 million women3 (4.2 percent of women in this age group4). • About 6.7 percent of adults who had AUD in the past year received treatment. This includes 7.4 percent of males and 5.4 percent of females with AUD in this age group.5 » Youth (ages 12–17): According to the 2015 NSDUH, an estimated 623,000 adolescents ages 12–176 (2.5 percent of this age group7) had AUD. This number includes 298,000 males6 (2.3 percent of males in this age group7) and 325,000 females6 (2.7 percent of females in this age group7).
    [Show full text]
  • University of South Carolina Alcohol and Other Drugs Upstate Health Risks
    University of South Carolina Alcohol and Other Drugs Upstate Health Risks RESPONSIBLE OFFICE: OFFICE OF RISK MANAGEMENT TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE Alcohol Health Risks 1 Reducing Your Risks Due to Alcohol Use 3 Stop Alcohol Poisoning/Alcohol Overdose 4 Commonly Misused and Abused Drugs 5 Health Risks Due to Drug Misuse and Abuse 6 References 12 The University of South Carolina Upstate is committed to providing a safe, healthy learning community. Alcohol and other drugs affect the health and safety of students, faculty, staff, volunteers, and campus visitors, and are very costly in terms of campus crime and interference with the learning environment. Academic consequences for students include missed classes, poor school performance, withdrawal from courses, and withdrawal from school. Acute risks for all individuals include impaired driving, unsafe sexual behavior, fights, sexual assaults, suicide attempts, unintentional injuries, overdoses, and death. The health risks associated with the use of alcohol and other drugs are provided below. In addition to this Alcohol and Other Drugs Health Risks document, the University also provides an Alcohol and Other Drugs Policy document and an Alcohol and Other Drugs Treatment Resources document. ALCOHOL HEALTH RISKS Alcohol enters your bloodstream as soon as you take your first sip (Alcohol Consumption Overview). Once alcohol is swallowed, it is not digested like food. Instead, a small amount of alcohol is absorbed directly by the tongue and the lining of the mouth. The alcohol then is absorbed directly into your bloodstream through the tissue lining of the stomach and small intestine. (Alcohol Metabolism). Alcohol’s immediate effects can appear within about 10 minutes (Alcohol Consumption Overview).
    [Show full text]
  • Alcohol and Young People
    Alcohol and young people Alcohol use is common among young people, with one-third of Australians between the age of 12 and 17 reporting recent drinking and about 4% regularly engaging in risky drinking behaviour. Parents are the main supplier of alcohol to children under 18. While purchasing and drinking alcohol at licensed premises is illegal for children under 18, they are allowed to drink alcohol at home with their parents’ permission. Young people and binge drinking When speaking about alcohol drinking in young people, the term ‘binge drinking’ comes up frequently, however there is no clear definition of this term. Generally, binge drinking occurs when a person drinks heavily over a short period of time resulting in rapid and severe intoxication. Binge drinking is sometimes defined as ‘drinking to get drunk’ and high alcohol volume drinks are common in these settings. Binge drinking is often associated with heavy drinking, however as little as four standard drinks can cause severe intoxication if consumed rapidly during a binge drinking occasion. What is the law in Australia? The laws around alcohol consumption for young people vary across the different states and territories, but broadly the ‘drinking age’ in Australia is 18 years. This means it is illegal to enter and drink alcohol at a licensed premises and illegal for anyone to sell or supply alcohol to a person under 18 unless they’re the parent or legal guardian. Drinking alcohol in a private home is allowed even before the age of 18 if a parent or legal guardian supplies the alcohol, however it is illegal to serve alcohol to children in a private home without their parents’ permission.
    [Show full text]
  • Alcohol Use in Midlife Women
    Alcohol Use in Midlife Women Connie B. Newman MD, FACP, FAMWA 2018 President, American Medical Women’s Association Adjunct Professor of Medicine Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism New York University School of Medicine [email protected] Disclosures • No disclosures Connie Newman MD Questions • What is known about prevalence of alcohol use, binge drinking, and alcohol use disorder by age and sex? • What is the underlying problem? Why is (alcohol) drinking increasing in middle age women? • How is alcohol metabolized? Is this different in women? • What are health risks? Health benefits? • How can we screen for alcohol problems? • What are treatment options? WHAT CAN CLINICIANS DO TO ADDRESS THIS PROBLEM? Connie Newman MD • Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is not a “moral failing”, but rather a chronic disease with a neurobiological basis • Public and self stigma associated with AUD or excessive drinking is counterproductive • Much of the data available are based on interviews, and therefore may underestimate the magnitude of the disease. Connie Newman MD A Tale of Two Cities Paris 1875-6 London 1751 “Absinthe Drinker” by Edgar Degas “Gin Lane” by William Hogarth Connie Newman MD What is one standard drink? USA: National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) CANADA: https://www.rethin kyourdrinking.ca/ what-is-a- standard-drink/ Connie Newman MD Low risk drinking, in U.S. https://www.rethinkingdrinking.niaaa.nih.gov/How-much-is-too-much/Is-your- drinking-pattern-risky/whats-Low-Risk-drinking.aspx Connie Newman MD Prevalence Global data 2016 • 32.5% or 2.4 billion people were current drinkers o 25% women o 39% men • Varies by location and by sex • Lowest in low sociodemographic groups • 2.8 million deaths attributed to alcohol o 2.2% of deaths in women o 6.8% of deaths in men GBD 2016 Alcohol Collaborators.
    [Show full text]
  • Does Binge Drinking Induce Pmdd-Like Dysfunction For
    DOES BINGE DRINKING INDUCE PMDD-LIKE DYSFUNCTION FOR FEMALE C57BL/6J MICE? IMPLICATIONS FOR SEX DIFFERENCES IN ADDICTION VULNERABILITY A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of Purdue University by Laverne C. Mel´on In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy May 2014 Purdue University Indianapolis, Indiana ii This work is dedicated to my sister, Tasha, my brothers Malik and Ako and to the memory of my brother Aaron. iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Many thanks to my committee members, Drs Boehm, Czachowski, Grahame, and Swithers for your time, energy and patience. Thank you Dr. Boehm, for offering the knowledge, the guidance and the space I needed to develop as a scientist. I owe a great deal to great teachers who cared: to the Faculty at Binghamton, IUPUI and Middlebury College, my biggest thanks. To the Boehm lab members: Delphine Colar, Eileen Moore, David Linsenbardt, Chelsea Kasten, Caroline Quiolin, Brandon Fritz and to Liana Matson- a massive thanks for your help in the lab and an even bigger thanks for the friendship outside of the lab. I would also like to acknowledge the undergraduate researchers whose efforts either directly or indirectly contributed to this body of work: Megan Runkel, Jordan Masopust, Kevin Wray, Laura Rafael, Zach Nolan and Ryan Stahl. I would also like to acknowledge the Posse Foundation: this organization did much more than take a kid with good grades from a bad situation and give her a posse to get through college with...it literally saved my life. It gave me meaningful relationships I will have for a lifetime, and access to the kind of education I didn't even know I needed to succeed.
    [Show full text]