Decent Work Country Programme Philippines 2020–24

X Decent Work Country Programme Philippines 2020–24

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Decent Work Country Programme Philippines 2020–24

978-92-2-134123-9 (print) 978-92-2-134124-6 (web pdf)

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Printed in the Philippines

On the cover: A recycling plant worker uses personal protective equipment as part of occupational health and safety protocols. Green enterprises like recycling plantations contribute to sustainable development while creating decent work opportunities. © ILO/Maxime Fossat

Decent Work Country Programme Philippines 2020–24

978-92-2-134123-9 (print) 978-92-2-134124-6 (web pdf)

Information on ILO publications and digital products can be found at: www.ilo.org/publns.

Printed in the Philippines

iiii ii iv Foreword

The Deparment of Labor and Employment (DOLE) continues to work with our social partners in the labour and employers' sectors to realize our common objective of creating decent and productive employment for our workers, including our overseas Filipino workers. The Duterte administration is deeply committed to provide better quality of life for all Filipinos, particularly for our workers and their families whose labour and sacrifices sustain the country's economic dynamism and help make nation-building possible.

As one of the first countries to mainstream decent work and productive employment in national and sectoral development planning, the Philippines has long recognized the role of decent and productive employment in achieving inclusive growth and reducing poverty. The Philippine Decent Work Country Programme 2020–24 (DWCP 2020–24) not only reaffirms our shared commitment to the ideals of decent work but also reinforces our shared responsibility of overcoming the multidimensional challenges caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly on employment and livelihood of our local and migrant workers.

Let the DWCP 2020–24 be our call to action and the embodiment of the bayanihan spirit of the tripartite partners as we work together to overcome what could be the greatest challenge that has confronted the world of work in modern times.

Mabuhay!

Silvestre H. Bello III Secretary Department of Labor and Employment

ii iii v Acknowledgement

The Philippines is a long-standing partner and active member State of the International Labour Organization (ILO). It was among the countries to embark on a journey and participate in a pilot programme on decent work. The Philippines, as a pioneer, explicitly adopted “decent work and productive employment” as a development framework for sustainable and inclusive growth. This collaboration continues for this next cycle of the Decent Work Country Programme (DWCP) 2020–24, as an integrated strategic roadmap for national stakeholders and international partners in supporting labour and employment goals and priorities. The DWCP 2020–24 further contributes to the AmBisyon Natin 2040, as an anchor of the Philippine Development Plan (PDP) 2017–22, and the United Nations Partnership Framework for Sustainable Development (UN PFSD) in line with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

The DWCP 2020–24 is a product of extensive consultations with major stakeholders of the world of work. The Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) spearheaded the process, together with workers and employers’ organizations as well as stakeholders in government, academe and civil society. Discussions and consultations through social dialogue anchored on evidence-based analysis in the Decent Work Country Diagnostics for the Philippines. This document adopts a results-based approach in informing general priorities, taking cognizance of the future of work challenges, and various forms of crises, natural or human-made.

The COVID-19 pandemic, however, brought devastating effects on the world of work. It has rapidly evolved from a health crisis into an economic and labour market crisis which has exacerbated existing decent work challenges, inequalities and injustices in many countries. This further highlights the DWCP as an important tool for stakeholders and social partners to build a better normal and a better future of work. The role of the Decent Work Advisory Council comprising of workers, employers and government representatives, convened by the DOLE, is crucial in monitoring results and achievements of social partners, guided by a more detailed DWCP Implementation Monitoring Plan. This plan includes strategies for collaboration for COVID-19 policies and programmes.

The ILO Country Office for the Philippines congratulates the DOLE under the leadership of Secretary Silvestre Bello III, as well as representatives of government bodies, workers and employers’ organizations. Strong social dialogue provided equal voices for stakeholders in identifying priorities and challenges, while strengthening consensus to ensure a better future of work through the DWCP 2020–24.

Khalid Hassan Director International Labour Organization Country Office for the Philippines

v vi Contents Acknowledgement

Memorandum of Understanding i

The Philippines is a long-standing partner and active member State of the International Labour Organization Foreword iv (ILO). It was among the countries to embark on a journey and participate in a pilot programme on decent work. Acknowledgement v The Philippines, as a pioneer, explicitly adopted “decent work and productive employment” as a development framework for sustainable and inclusive growth. This collaboration continues for this next cycle of the Decent List of tables vi Work Country Programme (DWCP) 2020–24, as an integrated strategic roadmap for national stakeholders and international partners in supporting labour and employment goals and priorities. The DWCP 2020–24 further List of figures vi contributes to the AmBisyon Natin 2040, as an anchor of the Philippine Development Plan (PDP) 2017–22, and Abbreviations vii the United Nations Partnership Framework for Sustainable Development (UN PFSD) in line with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). X INTRODUCTION 01

The DWCP 2020–24 is a product of extensive consultations with major stakeholders of the world of work. The X CHAPTER 2: COUNTRY CONTEXT 03 Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) spearheaded the process, together with workers and employers’ organizations as well as stakeholders in government, academe and civil society. Discussions and consultations 2.1 General overview 04 through social dialogue anchored on evidence-based analysis in the Decent Work Country Diagnostics for the Philippines. This document adopts a results-based approach in informing general priorities, taking cognizance 2.2 GDP growth and inclusive decent work opportunities 04 of the future of work challenges, and various forms of crises, natural or human-made. 2.3 Country performance in attaining decent work objectives 10

2.4 Development cooperation initiatives and lessons learned 14 The COVID-19 pandemic, however, brought devastating effects on the world of work. It has rapidly evolved from a health crisis into an economic and labour market crisis which has exacerbated existing decent work 2.5 National and international development planning framework 16 challenges, inequalities and injustices in many countries. This further highlights the DWCP as an important tool for stakeholders and social partners to build a better normal and a better future of work. The role of the X CHAPTER 3: COUNTRY PRIORITIES AND OUTCOMES FOR DWCP 2020–24 18 Decent Work Advisory Council comprising of workers, employers and government representatives, convened by the DOLE, is crucial in monitoring results and achievements of social partners, guided by a more detailed 3.1 Priorities, action points and desired outcomes 19 DWCP Implementation Monitoring Plan. This plan includes strategies for collaboration for COVID-19 policies 3.2 Priority 1: Productive, remunerative, freely chosen and sustainable work opportunities and programmes. are available for all Filipinos willing to work 21

3.3 Priority 2: Improved labour market governance (including strengthened capacity The ILO Country Office for the Philippines congratulates the DOLE under the leadership of Secretary Silvestre of workers’ and employers’ organizations, to effectively participate in and influence policy Bello III, as well as representatives of government bodies, workers and employers’ organizations. Strong social and decision-making processes) which ensures respect for all fundamental principles dialogue provided equal voices for stakeholders in identifying priorities and challenges, while strengthening and rights at work, international labour standards and human rights 29 consensus to ensure a better future of work through the DWCP 2020–24. 3.4 Priority 3: Equitable social protection that is available and accessible to all 38

X CHAPTER 4: MANAGEMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION 43

4.1 Management structure 44

4.2 Risk identification and management 45 Khalid Hassan Director X CHAPTER 5: FUNDING PLAN 46 International Labour Organization Country Office for the Philippines X CHAPTER 6: COMMUNICATION AND ADVOCACY PLAN 50

X ANNEXES 51

Annex 1. Consultations during the formulation of the DWCP 52

Annex 2. Ratification record of the Philippines 54

Annex 3. DWCP Philippines results matrix 57

v viiiv List of tables

X Table 1 Poverty incidence among families, real average annual family income, and 08 Gini coefficient

X Table 2 Poverty, underemployment and vulnerable employment by region, 2015 (in 09 per cent)

X Table 3 Risks under specific DWCP priorities 45

X Table 4 Development cooperation projects 47

List of figures

X Figure 1 Gross domestic product and employment growth, 2000–15 (in per cent) 04

X Figure 2 Snapshot of the labour and employment challenge, 2015 05

X Figure 3 Theory of change: Enhancing human resource competencies 21

X Figure 4 Theory of change: Creating an enabling environment for sustainable and 24 resilient businesses and MSMEs

X Figure 5 Theory of change: Better-informed, more responsive and discrimination- 27 free programmes for inclusivity and equality

X Figure 6 Theory of change: Strengthened social dialogue and tripartism 30 for better-informed, consensus-driven social and economic policies affecting labour and employment

X Figure 7 Theory of change: Improved labour administration capacity 33 with enhanced participation of social partners to promote, implement and enforce all rights at work and eliminate all forms of unacceptable work

X Figure 8 Theory of change: Strengthened tripartite advocacy for a comprehensive, 36 cohesive, strategic, transformative, and inclusive legislative agenda, aligned with ratified Conventions and other international instruments

X Figure 9 Theory of change: Enhanced and more inclusive implementation of existing 39 social protection frameworks toward universal social protection coverage

X Figure 10 Theory of change: Strengthened social protection frameworks, adequate 41 social protection coverage, and viable social protection floor

viii iiv List of tables Abbreviations

ADB Asian Development Bank X Table 1 Poverty incidence among families, real average annual family income, and 08 Gini coefficient ADR Alternative Dispute Resolution ARMM Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao X Table 2 Poverty, underemployment and vulnerable employment by region, 2015 (in 09 BARMM Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao per cent) BMBEs Barangay Micro-Business Enterprises CAR Cordillera Administrative Region X Table 3 Risks under specific DWCP priorities 45 CBA Collective Bargaining Agreement CEACR Committee of Experts on the Application of Conventions and Recommendations X Table 4 Development cooperation projects 47 CFA Commission on Freedom of Association DC Development Cooperation DOLE Department of Labor and Employment DSWD Department of Social Welfare and Development DWAC Decent Work Advisory Council DWCA Decent Work Common Agenda List of figures DWCD Decent Work Country Diagnostics DWCP Decent Work Country Programme ECC Employees’ Compensation Commission ECOP Employers Confederation of the Philippines X Figure 1 Gross domestic product and employment growth, 2000–15 (in per cent) 04 EU European Union FFW Federation of Free Workers GDP Gross Domestic Product X Figure 2 Snapshot of the labour and employment challenge, 2015 05 GLS General Labour Standards GOCCs Government-Owned or Controlled Corporations X Figure 3 Theory of change: Enhancing human resource competencies 21 HRD Human Resource Development HSTF Human Security Trust Fund I-ACAT Inter-Agency Council Against Human Trafficking X Figure 4 Theory of change: Creating an enabling environment for sustainable and 24 resilient businesses and MSMEs IDPs Internally Displaced Persons ILC International Labour Conference X Figure 5 Theory of change: Better-informed, more responsive and discrimination- 27 ILO International Labour Organization free programmes for inclusivity and equality ITCs Industry Tripartite Councils LEP Labour and Employment Plan X Figure 6 Theory of change: Strengthened social dialogue and tripartism 30 LGUs Local Government Units for better-informed, consensus-driven social and economic policies LI-LMIS Labour Inspection-Labour Management Information System affecting labour and employment MILF Moro Islamic Liberation Front MSMEs Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises X Figure 7 Theory of change: Improved labour administration capacity 33 with enhanced participation of social partners to promote, implement and MTPDP Medium-Term Philippine Development Plan enforce all rights at work and eliminate all forms of unacceptable work MWRCs Migrant Workers Resource Centres NCLC National Anti-Child Labour Committee X Figure 8 Theory of change: Strengthened tripartite advocacy for a comprehensive, 36 NCMB National Conciliation and Mediation Board cohesive, strategic, transformative, and inclusive legislative agenda, NCR National Capital Region aligned with ratified Conventions and other international instruments NEDA National Economic and Development Authority X Figure 9 Theory of change: Enhanced and more inclusive implementation of existing 39 NEET Not in Education, Employment or Training social protection frameworks toward universal social protection coverage NGAs National Government Agencies NGOs Non-Government Organizations X Figure 10 Theory of change: Strengthened social protection frameworks, adequate 41 NLRC National Labor Relations Commission social protection coverage, and viable social protection floor NPADW National Plans of Action for Decent Work NTIPC National Tripartite Industrial Peace Council

iiv vii ix Abbreviations

NWPC National Wages Productivity Commission ODA Official Development Assistance OFWs Overseas Filipino Workers OSH Occupational Safety and Health OSHS Occupational Safety and Health Standards OSSCOs One-Stop Shop Centres for OFWs OWWA Overseas Workers Welfare Administration PCCI Philippine Chamber of Commerce and Industry PDP Philippine Development Plan PESOs Public Employment Service Offices PFSD Partnership Framework for Sustainable Development PGEA Philippine Government Employees’ Association PLEP Philippine Labour and Employment Plan PPPs Public-Private Partnerships POEA Philippine Overseas Employment Administration POLOs Philippine Overseas Labor Offices PSA Philippine Statistics Authority PWDs Persons with Disabilities PWRDs Persons with Work-Related Disabilities RBM Results-Based Management RBSA Regular Budget Supplementary Account RBTC Regular Budget for Technical Cooperation RTIPC Regional Tripartite Industrial Peace Council RTWPBs Regional Tripartite Wages Productivity Boards SCORE Sustaining Competitive and Responsible Enterprise SDGs Sustainable Development Goals SENTRO Sentro ng mga Nagkakaisa at Progresibong Manggagawa SIYB Start and Improve Your Business SPF Social Protection Floor SSE Social and Solidarity Economy SSS Social Security System STEM Science, Technology, Engineering and Maths SUCs State Universities and Colleges TESDA Technical Education and Skills Development Authority TIPC Tripartite Industrial Peace Council TUCP Trade Union Congress of the Philippines TVET Technical and Vocational Education and Training UN United Nations UNDAF UN Development Assistance Framework UN PFSD UN Partnership Framework for Sustainable Development US United States US DOL United States Department of Labor US DOS United States Department of State WED Women’s Entrepreneurship Development WB World Bank

viiix

Philippines 2020–24 2020–24 Philippines

Decent Work Country Programme Programme Country Work Decent

Introduction Introduction

01 01

Abbreviations

NWPC National Wages Productivity Commission ODA Official Development Assistance OFWs Overseas Filipino Workers OSH Occupational Safety and Health OSHS Occupational Safety and Health Standards OSSCOs One-Stop Shop Centres for OFWs OWWA Overseas Workers Welfare Administration PCCI Philippine Chamber of Commerce and Industry PDP Philippine Development Plan PESOs Public Employment Service Offices PFSD Partnership Framework for Sustainable Development PGEA Philippine Government Employees’ Association PLEP Philippine Labour and Employment Plan PPPs Public-Private Partnerships POEA Philippine Overseas Employment Administration POLOs Philippine Overseas Labor Offices PSA Philippine Statistics Authority PWDs Persons with Disabilities PWRDs Persons with Work-Related Disabilities RBM Results-Based Management RBSA Regular Budget Supplementary Account RBTC Regular Budget for Technical Cooperation RTIPC Regional Tripartite Industrial Peace Council RTWPBs Regional Tripartite Wages Productivity Boards SCORE Sustaining Competitive and Responsible Enterprise SDGs Sustainable Development Goals SENTRO Sentro ng mga Nagkakaisa at Progresibong Manggagawa SIYB Start and Improve Your Business SPF Social Protection Floor SSE Social and Solidarity Economy SSS Social Security System STEM Science, Technology, Engineering and Maths SUCs State Universities and Colleges TESDA Technical Education and Skills Development Authority TIPC Tripartite Industrial Peace Council TUCP Trade Union Congress of the Philippines TVET Technical and Vocational Education and Training UN United Nations UNDAF UN Development Assistance Framework UN PFSD UN Partnership Framework for Sustainable Development US United States US DOL United States Department of Labor 01 01 US DOS United States Department of State WED Women’s Entrepreneurship Development Introduction Introduction WB World Bank Decent Work Country Programme Programme Country Work Decent Philippines 2020–24 2020–24 Philippines

viii

Philippines 2020–24 2020–24 Philippines

Decent Work Country Programme Programme Country Work Decent

Introduction Introduction

01 01 02

The Philippine Decent Work Country Programme (DWCP) The DWCP 2020–24 focuses on the following country 2020–24 serves as the integrated strategic roadmap priorities: for national stakeholders and international partners in supporting the labour and employment goals and X Productive, remunerative, freely chosen, green and priorities of the country’s 25-year long-term plan called sustainable work and employment opportunities AmBisyon Natin 2040, and the first medium-term plan to available for all Filipino women and men willing to implement it, the Philippine Development Plan 2017–22 work (PDP 2017–22). With a five-year period of implementation, X this document aims to bridge the medium- and long- Improved labour market governance which ensures term horizons of national and international development respect for all rights at work, including fundamental planning and programming for decent work. The DWCP principles and rights at work, international labour is in line with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) standards and human rights in the United Nations' (UN) 2030 Agenda and the UN X Equitable social protection that is available and Partnership Framework for Sustainable Development accessible to all (UN PFSD1). It builds on over two decades of partnership of the Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE), Integrated in each of these priorities are the cross- other government agencies, workers’ and employers’ cutting themes of tripartism, social dialogue and organizations, and other stakeholders with the international labour standards including standards on International Labour Organization (ILO) to continuously non-discrimination and gender equality, as well as the implement the decent work agenda within the framework larger transformational drivers impacting the creation of the following: the National Plan of Action for Decent of decent work, particularly climate change, technology, Work (NPADW) 2000–02 and 2002–04, and the Decent demographics, economic and social policies, and Work Common Agenda (DWCA) from 2005–07 and 2008– vulnerabilities resulting from natural disasters, health 10. emergencies or pandemics, and armed conflicts. The DWCP 2020–24 was formulated following an evidence-based analysis through the Decent Work Country Diagnostics: Philippines 2017, which involved sectoral and national consultations with tripartite partners and other stakeholders. In October 2017, the Diagnostics was formally adopted and launched by a high-level tripartite meeting chaired by the Secretary of Labor and Employment together with the workers’ and employers’ organizations.2 The meeting also agreed to formulate the decent work country programme. DOLE and ILO CO- Manila then organized separate sectoral consultations with workers’ and employers’ organizations as well as 02 national government agencies to flesh out programme priorities and come up with the DWCP (see Annex 1). The DWCP was adopted as part the Philippines’ contribution to the ILO Centenary and commitment to the Centenary Declaration for the Future of Work of the 108th International Labour Conference in 2019. As one of the first member States to have explicitly adopted “decent work and productive employment” as a development framework, the Philippines sought to institutionalize decent work dimensions and outcomes across all government agencies and a broader range of DOLE Secretary Silvestre Bello III presented the Philippine stakeholders. Experience from the DWCP consultations Ratification Instrument of Convention 187 to ILO Director-General shows that social partners and other non-government Guy Ryder at the 108th session of the International Labour stakeholders generally have a high level of familiarity Conference. ©ILO/Crozet/Pouteau with principles, activities and outcomes related to decent Previous page, top photo: Philippine tripartite consituents at the work. However, except for DOLE, other government ILO Centenary celebration in Manila. ©ILO/Post Ad agencies have low level of awareness of the Decent Work Agenda and do not include decent work terminologies, Previous page, bottom photo: The Decent Work Diagnostics was indicators and measures in their policy, planning, launched during the High Level Tripartite Meeting represented by DOLE, workers group from national federation and union programming and operational processes. centers from the public and private sector and the Employers’ Confederation of the Philippines (ECOP). The constituents also endorsed the process towards the formulation of the DWCP Philippines. ©ILO/Diane Respall

1 UN PFSD 2019–23 replaced the UN Development Assistance Framework (UNDAF) for the Philippines, 2012–18 2 Represented are NAGKAISA, the broadest Labor Coalition consisting of 40 national centres, federations and national unions that includes SENTRO, Trade Union Congress of the Philippines (TUCP), Federation of Free Workers (FFW), the Philippine Government Employees Association (PGEA), and the Employers Confederation of the Philippines (ECOP) which also represents the Philippine Chamber of Commerce and Industry and other foreign chambers of commerce The Philippine Decent Work Country Programme (DWCP) The DWCP 2020–24 focuses on the following country 2020–24 serves as the integrated strategic roadmap priorities: for national stakeholders and international partners in supporting the labour and employment goals and X Productive, remunerative, freely chosen, green and priorities of the country’s 25-year long-term plan called sustainable work and employment opportunities AmBisyon Natin 2040, and the first medium-term plan to available for all Filipino women and men willing to implement it, the Philippine Development Plan 2017–22 work (PDP 2017–22). With a five-year period of implementation, X this document aims to bridge the medium- and long- Improved labour market governance which ensures term horizons of national and international development respect for all rights at work, including fundamental planning and programming for decent work. The DWCP principles and rights at work, international labour is in line with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) standards and human rights in the United Nations' (UN) 2030 Agenda and the UN X Equitable social protection that is available and Partnership Framework for Sustainable Development accessible to all (UN PFSD1). It builds on over two decades of partnership of the Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE), Integrated in each of these priorities are the cross- other government agencies, workers’ and employers’ cutting themes of tripartism, social dialogue and organizations, and other stakeholders with the international labour standards including standards on International Labour Organization (ILO) to continuously non-discrimination and gender equality, as well as the implement the decent work agenda within the framework larger transformational drivers impacting the creation of the following: the National Plan of Action for Decent of decent work, particularly climate change, technology, Work (NPADW) 2000–02 and 2002–04, and the Decent demographics, economic and social policies, and Work Common Agenda (DWCA) from 2005–07 and 2008– vulnerabilities resulting from natural disasters, health 10. emergencies or pandemics, and armed conflicts. The DWCP 2020–24 was formulated following an evidence-based analysis through the Decent Work Country Diagnostics: Philippines 2017, which involved sectoral and national consultations with tripartite partners and other stakeholders. In October 2017, the Diagnostics was formally adopted and launched by a high-level tripartite meeting chaired by the Secretary of Labor and Employment together with the workers’ and employers’ organizations.2 The meeting also agreed to formulate the decent work country programme. DOLE and ILO CO- Manila then organized separate sectoral consultations with workers’ and employers’ organizations as well as national government agencies to flesh out programme priorities and come up with the DWCP (see Annex 1). The DWCP was adopted as part the Philippines’ contribution to the ILO Centenary and commitment to the Centenary Declaration for the Future of Work of the 108th International Labour Conference in 2019. As one of the first member States to have explicitly adopted “decent work and productive employment” as a development framework, the Philippines sought to institutionalize decent work dimensions and outcomes across all government agencies and a broader range of DOLE Secretary Silvestre Bello III presented the Philippine stakeholders. Experience from the DWCP consultations Ratification Instrument of Convention 187 to ILO Director-General shows that social partners and other non-government Guy Ryder at the 108th session of the International Labour stakeholders generally have a high level of familiarity Conference. ©ILO/Crozet/Pouteau with principles, activities and outcomes related to decent Previous page, top photo: Philippine tripartite consituents at the work. However, except for DOLE, other government ILO Centenary celebration in Manila. ©ILO/Post Ad agencies have low level of awareness of the Decent Work Agenda and do not include decent work terminologies, Previous page, bottom photo: The Decent Work Diagnostics was indicators and measures in their policy, planning, launched during the High Level Tripartite Meeting represented by DOLE, workers group from national federation and union programming and operational processes. centers from the public and private sector and the Employers’ Confederation of the Philippines (ECOP). The constituents also endorsed the process towards the formulation of the DWCP Philippines. ©ILO/Diane Respall

The Philippine Decent Work Country Programme (DWCP) The DWCP 2020–24 focuses on the following country 2020–24 serves as the integrated strategic roadmap priorities: for national stakeholders and international partners in supporting the labour and employment goals and X Productive, remunerative, freely chosen, green and priorities of the country’s 25-year long-term plan called sustainable work and employment opportunities AmBisyon Natin 2040, and the first medium-term plan to available for all Filipino women and men willing to Country context implement it, the Philippine Development Plan 2017–22 work (PDP 2017–22). With a five-year period of implementation, X this document aims to bridge the medium- and long- Improved labour market governance which ensures term horizons of national and international development respect for all rights at work, including fundamental Decent work in the Philippines planning and programming for decent work. The DWCP principles and rights at work, international labour is in line with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) standards and human rights in the United Nations' (UN) 2030 Agenda and the UN X Equitable social protection that is available and Partnership Framework for Sustainable Development accessible to all (UN PFSD1). It builds on over two decades of partnership of the Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE), Integrated in each of these priorities are the cross- other government agencies, workers’ and employers’ cutting themes of tripartism, social dialogue and organizations, and other stakeholders with the international labour standards including standards on International Labour Organization (ILO) to continuously non-discrimination and gender equality, as well as the implement the decent work agenda within the framework larger transformational drivers impacting the creation of the following: the National Plan of Action for Decent of decent work, particularly climate change, technology, Work (NPADW) 2000–02 and 2002–04, and the Decent demographics, economic and social policies, and Work Common Agenda (DWCA) from 2005–07 and 2008– vulnerabilities resulting from natural disasters, health 10. emergencies or pandemics, and armed conflicts. 02 The DWCP 2020–24 was formulated following an evidence-based analysis through the Decent Work Country Diagnostics: Philippines 2017, which involved sectoral and national consultations with tripartite partners and other stakeholders. In October 2017, the Diagnostics was formally adopted and launched by a high-level tripartite meeting chaired by the Secretary of Labor and Employment together with the workers’ and employers’ organizations.2 The meeting also agreed to formulate the decent work country programme. DOLE and ILO CO- Manila then organized separate sectoral consultations with workers’ and employers’ organizations as well as 02 national government agencies to flesh out programme priorities and come up with the DWCP (see Annex 1). The DWCP was adopted as part the Philippines’ contribution to the ILO Centenary and commitment to the Centenary Declaration for the Future of Work of the 108th International Labour Conference in 2019. As one of the first member States to have explicitly adopted “decent work and productive employment” as a development framework, the Philippines sought to institutionalize decent work dimensions and outcomes across all government agencies and a broader range of DOLE Secretary Silvestre Bello III presented the Philippine stakeholders. Experience from the DWCP consultations Ratification Instrument of Convention 187 to ILO Director-General shows that social partners and other non-government Guy Ryder at the 108th session of the International Labour stakeholders generally have a high level of familiarity Conference. ©ILO/Crozet/Pouteau with principles, activities and outcomes related to decent Previous page, top photo: Philippine tripartite consituents at the work. However, except for DOLE, other government ILO Centenary celebration in Manila. ©ILO/Post Ad agencies have low level of awareness of the Decent Work Agenda and do not include decent work terminologies, Previous page, bottom photo: The Decent Work Diagnostics was indicators and measures in their policy, planning, launched during the High Level Tripartite Meeting represented by DOLE, workers group from national federation and union programming and operational processes. centers from the public and private sector and the Employers’ Confederation of the Philippines (ECOP). The constituents also endorsed the process towards the formulation of the DWCP Philippines. ©ILO/Diane Respall

©ILO/Martha Espano 1 UN PFSD 2019–23 replaced the UN Development Assistance Framework (UNDAF) for the Philippines, 2012–18 2 Represented are NAGKAISA, the broadest Labor Coalition consisting of 40 national centres, federations and national unions that includes SENTRO, Trade Union Congress of the Philippines (TUCP), Federation of Free Workers (FFW), the Philippine Government Employees Association (PGEA), and the Employers Confederation of the Philippines (ECOP) which also represents the Philippine Chamber of Commerce and Industry and other foreign chambers of commerce The Philippine Decent Work Country Programme (DWCP) The DWCP 2020–24 focuses on the following country 2020–24 serves as the integrated strategic roadmap priorities: for national stakeholders and international partners in supporting the labour and employment goals and X Productive, remunerative, freely chosen, green and priorities of the country’s 25-year long-term plan called sustainable work and employment opportunities AmBisyon Natin 2040, and the first medium-term plan to available for all Filipino women and men willing to implement it, the Philippine Development Plan 2017–22 work (PDP 2017–22). With a five-year period of implementation, X this document aims to bridge the medium- and long- Improved labour market governance which ensures term horizons of national and international development respect for all rights at work, including fundamental planning and programming for decent work. The DWCP principles and rights at work, international labour is in line with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) standards and human rights in the United Nations' (UN) 2030 Agenda and the UN X Equitable social protection that is available and Partnership Framework for Sustainable Development accessible to all (UN PFSD1). It builds on over two decades of partnership of the Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE), Integrated in each of these priorities are the cross- other government agencies, workers’ and employers’ cutting themes of tripartism, social dialogue and organizations, and other stakeholders with the international labour standards including standards on International Labour Organization (ILO) to continuously non-discrimination and gender equality, as well as the implement the decent work agenda within the framework larger transformational drivers impacting the creation of the following: the National Plan of Action for Decent of decent work, particularly climate change, technology, Work (NPADW) 2000–02 and 2002–04, and the Decent demographics, economic and social policies, and Work Common Agenda (DWCA) from 2005–07 and 2008– vulnerabilities resulting from natural disasters, health 10. emergencies or pandemics, and armed conflicts. The DWCP 2020–24 was formulated following an evidence-based analysis through the Decent Work Country Diagnostics: Philippines 2017, which involved sectoral and national consultations with tripartite partners and other stakeholders. In October 2017, the Diagnostics was formally adopted and launched by a high-level tripartite meeting chaired by the Secretary of Labor and Employment together with the workers’ and employers’ organizations.2 The meeting also agreed to formulate the decent work country programme. DOLE and ILO CO- Manila then organized separate sectoral consultations with workers’ and employers’ organizations as well as national government agencies to flesh out programme priorities and come up with the DWCP (see Annex 1). The DWCP was adopted as part the Philippines’ contribution to the ILO Centenary and commitment to the Centenary Declaration for the Future of Work of the 108th International Labour Conference in 2019. As one of the first member States to have explicitly adopted “decent work and productive employment” as a development framework, the Philippines sought to institutionalize decent work dimensions and outcomes across all government agencies and a broader range of DOLE Secretary Silvestre Bello III presented the Philippine stakeholders. Experience from the DWCP consultations Ratification Instrument of Convention 187 to ILO Director-General shows that social partners and other non-government Guy Ryder at the 108th session of the International Labour stakeholders generally have a high level of familiarity Conference. ©ILO/Crozet/Pouteau with principles, activities and outcomes related to decent Previous page, top photo: Philippine tripartite consituents at the work. However, except for DOLE, other government ILO Centenary celebration in Manila. ©ILO/Post Ad agencies have low level of awareness of the Decent Work Agenda and do not include decent work terminologies, Previous page, bottom photo: The Decent Work Diagnostics was indicators and measures in their policy, planning, launched during the High Level Tripartite Meeting represented by DOLE, workers group from national federation and union programming and operational processes. centers from the public and private sector and the Employers’ Confederation of the Philippines (ECOP). The constituents also endorsed the process towards the formulation of the DWCP Philippines. ©ILO/Diane Respall

2.1 General overview

The Philippines became a member of the ILO in 1948. It has a long history of labour and social legislation as embodied in the Labor Code, which has been subsequently amended after its promulgation in 1974.

The Philippines is a democratic republic of 105 million people, with 110 ethnolinguistic groups spread over the archipelago. Seven thousand islands are divided into three main island groups, namely: Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao. The Philippine government has a presidential system with three coequal branches: the executive, the legislature and the judiciary. It is considered as one of the most dynamic economies in East Asia and the Pacific. The Philippines became a member of the ILO in 1948. It has a long history of labour and social legislation as embodied in the Labour Code, which has been subsequently amended after its promulgation in 1974. Given the Philippines’ geographical location within the Pacific Rim of Fire, it is one of the countries most exposed to natural disasters. The country’s archipelagic nature, uneven levels of development and ethnic diversity fed into the long-standing conflicts in certain parts of the country where communist ideology, the identities of Muslim Filipinos and indigenous peoples collide. Efforts to bring about peace and development in these areas have led to the creation of two autonomous regions – the Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR) and, more recently, the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao (BARMM).

2.2 Gross domestic product and inclusive decent work opportunities

GDP growth needs to create inclusive decent work opportunities to reduce inequality and poverty.

Over the last decade, the country’s gross domestic product (GDP) has been one of the fastest growing in Asia. The Philippine’s Decent Work Country Diagnostics 2017 showed the chronic disconnect between GDP growth and employment in the country. While it should be expected that a fast growth in GDP should translate to a rapid growth in employment, this is not the case for the Philippines. From 2000 to 2015, GDP grew by an average of 5.1 per cent annually, but employment grew by only 2.3 per cent (Figure 1):

Figure 1. GDP and employment growth, 2000–15 (in per cent)

8.0

6.0

4.0 Legend: 2.0

0.0 GDP Employment -2.0

2000 2005 2010 2015

Sources: Philippine Statistics Authority, National Accounts of the Philippines, and Labor Force Survey

Sources: Philippine Statistics Authority and Labor Force Survey Survey Force Labor and Authority Statistics Philippine Sources:

0.112 million million 0.112

17.699 million 3.197 million million 3.197 million 17.699 1.981 million million 1.981

farm or business business or farm

Private establishments Government/GOCC Government/GOCC establishments Private Private households households Private

Own family-operated family-operated Own

22. 960 million 10.705 million million 10.705 million 960 22. 3.863 million million 3.863 1.212 million million 1.212

Wage and salary workers Self-employed Self-employed workers salary and Wage Unpaid family workers workers family Unpaid Employers Employers

38.741 million 2.602 million million 2.602 million 38.741

Employed Unemployed Unemployed Employed

41.342 million million 41.342 23.594 million million 23.594

Labour force force Labour Not in labour force force labour in Not

64.963 million million 64.963

Working age population population age Working

Figure 2. Snapshot of the labour and employment challenge, 2015 2015 challenge, employment and labour the of Snapshot 2. Figure

improvement in terms of underemployment, poverty, social and economic inequality, and vulnerability. vulnerability. and inequality, economic and social poverty, underemployment, of terms in improvement

Unemployment remains high and opportunities for quality employment are limited (Figure 2). There has been little little been has There . 2) (Figure limited are employment quality for opportunities and high remains Unemployment

other is strong even if they are victims of calamities. © UN4U/Renato Macspac Macspac UN4U/Renato © calamities. of victims are they if even strong is other

05 05

04 05 05

2.1 General overview

In the true spirit of Bayanihan, people volunteered to push a truck carrying relief goods stuck in mud. Filipino spirit of helping each each helping of spirit Filipino mud. in stuck goods relief carrying truck a push to volunteered people Bayanihan, of spirit true the In other is strong even if they are victims of calamities. © UN4U/Renato Macspac Macspac UN4U/Renato © calamities. of victims are they if even strong is other 2.2 Gross domestic product and inclusive decent work Unemployment remains high and opportunities for quality employment are limited (Figure 2). There has been little little been has There . 2) (Figure limited are employment quality for opportunities and high remains Unemployment opportunities improvement in terms of underemployment, poverty, social and economic inequality, and vulnerability. vulnerability. and inequality, economic and social poverty, underemployment, of terms in improvement

Figure 2. Snapshot of the labour and employment challenge, 2015 2015 challenge, employment and labour the of Snapshot 2. Figure GDP growth needs to create inclusive decent work opportunities to reduce inequality and poverty.

Working age population population age Working Over the last decade, the country’s gross domestic product (GDP) has been one of the fastest growing in Asia. 64.963 million million 64.963 The Philippine’s Decent Work Country Diagnostics 2017 showed the chronic disconnect between GDP growth and employment in the country. While it should be expected that a fast growth in GDP should translate to a rapid growth in employment, this is not the case for the Philippines. From 2000 to 2015, GDP grew by an average of 5.1 per cent annually, but employment grew by only 2.3 per cent (Figure 1): Labour force Not in labour force force labour in Not force Labour 41.342 million 23.594 million million 23.594 million 41.342

Figure 1. GDP and employment growth, 2000–15 (in per cent)

Employed Unemployed Unemployed Employed 38.741 million 2.602 million million 2.602 million 38.741 8.0

6.0

4.0 Legend: 2.0 Wage and salary workers Employers Self-employed Unpaid family workers workers family Unpaid Self-employed Employers workers salary and Wage 22. 960 million 1.212 million 10.705 million 3.863 million million 3.863 million 10.705 million 1.212 million 960 22. 0.0 GDP Employment -2.0

2000 2005 2010 2015

Own family-operated family-operated Own Private households Private establishments Government/GOCC Government/GOCC establishments Private households Private Sources: Philippine Statistics Authority, National Accounts of the Philippines, and Labor Force Survey farm or business business or farm 1.981 million 17.699 million 3.197 million million 3.197 million 17.699 million 1.981 0.112 million million 0.112

Sources: Philippine Statistics Authority and Labor Force Survey Survey Force Labor and Authority Statistics Philippine Sources:

Statistics Authority (PSA)

3Based on 2015 Labour Force Survey, Philippine

population in 2015

Poverty incidence among the Philippine 21.6

among the population in 2015

(h) a poverty incidence at over 20 per cent X

18–23 per cent, respectively

underemployment rates at 6–8 per cent and

(g) persistently high unemployment and X

years

so in agriculture, especially over the past ten

(f) low productivity across sectors, chronically X

coverage

limited labour rights and social protection

employed and unpaid family workers with

levels of vulnerability among the self-

informal economy characterized by high

(e) at least 38 per cent of employed in the X

rights3

effectively exercise or enjoy their full legal

cent) in precarious employment who cannot

six million private sector employees (34 per

been growing modestly but with more than

(d) wage and salary employment that has X

than the economy can create jobs

large share

women accounting for a disproportionately

does not participate in the labour force, with

(b) one third of the working age population X

of working age

latest estimates), where almost two thirds is

reached over 101 million (up to 105 million by

(a) a fast-growing population that has X

characteristics of the labour market:

Underlying these challenges are the following 06

Underlying these challenges are the following characteristics of the labour market:

X (a) a fast-growing population that has reached over 101 million (up to 105 million by latest estimates), where almost two thirds is of working age

X (b) one third of the working age population does not participate in the labour force, with women accounting for a disproportionately large share

X (c) a labour force that continues to grow faster than the economy can create jobs

X (d) wage and salary employment that has been growing modestly but with more than six million private sector employees (34 per cent) in precarious employment who cannot effectively exercise or enjoy their full legal rights3

X (e) at least 38 per cent of employed in the informal economy characterized by high levels of vulnerability among the self- employed and unpaid family workers with limited labour rights and social protection coverage

X (f) low productivity across sectors, chronically so in agriculture, especially over the past ten years

X (g) persistently high unemployment and underemployment rates at 6–8 per cent and 18–23 per cent, respectively

X (h) a poverty incidence at over 20 per cent among the population in 2015 21.6% Poverty incidence among the Philippine population in 2015

3Based on 2015 Labour Force Survey, Philippine

Statistics Authority (PSA)

3Based on 2015 Labour Force Survey, Philippine

population in 2015

Poverty incidence among the Philippine 21.6

among the population in 2015

(h) a poverty incidence at over 20 per cent X

18–23 per cent, respectively

underemployment rates at 6–8 per cent and

(g) persistently high unemployment and X

years

so in agriculture, especially over the past ten

(f) low productivity across sectors, chronically X

coverage

limited labour rights and social protection

employed and unpaid family workers with

levels of vulnerability among the self-

informal economy characterized by high

(e) at least 38 per cent of employed in the X

rights3

effectively exercise or enjoy their full legal

cent) in precarious employment who cannot

six million private sector employees (34 per

been growing modestly but with more than

(d) wage and salary employment that has X

than the economy can create jobs

large share

women accounting for a disproportionately

does not participate in the labour force, with

(b) one third of the working age population X

of working age

latest estimates), where almost two thirds is

reached over 101 million (up to 105 million by

(a) a fast-growing population that has X

characteristics of the labour market:

Underlying these challenges are the following 06

working on indigenous peoples issues supporting the ratification and application of ILO C.169, the the C.169, ILO of application and ratification the supporting issues peoples indigenous on working Statistics Authority (PSA)

(IPDP-CARAGA) established the first Sago Palm Flour Production Enterprise in 2011. The ILO has been been has ILO The 2011. in Enterprise Production Flour Palm Sago first the established (IPDP-CARAGA) 3Based on 2015 Labour Force Survey, Philippine

Manobo community in Veruela under the ILO Caraga Indigenous Peoples Development Programme Programme Development Peoples Indigenous Caraga ILO the under Veruela in community Manobo

population in 2015

Poverty incidence among the Philippine 21.6

among the population in 2015

(h) a poverty incidence at over 20 per cent X

18–23 per cent, respectively

underemployment rates at 6–8 per cent and

(g) persistently high unemployment and X

years

so in agriculture, especially over the past ten

(f) low productivity across sectors, chronically X

coverage

limited labour rights and social protection

employed and unpaid family workers with

levels of vulnerability among the self-

informal economy characterized by high

(e) at least 38 per cent of employed in the X

rights3

effectively exercise or enjoy their full legal

cent) in precarious employment who cannot

six million private sector employees (34 per

been growing modestly but with more than

(d) wage and salary employment that has X

than the economy can create jobs

large share

women accounting for a disproportionately

does not participate in the labour force, with

(b) one third of the working age population X

of working age

latest estimates), where almost two thirds is

reached over 101 million (up to 105 million by

(a) a fast-growing population that has X

characteristics of the labour market:

Underlying these challenges are the following

07 07 06

06 07 07

Underlying these challenges are the following characteristics of the labour market:

X (a) a fast-growing population that has reached over 101 million (up to 105 million by latest estimates), where almost two thirds is of working age

X (b) one third of the working age population does not participate in the labour force, with women accounting for a disproportionately large share

X (c) a labour force that continues to grow faster than the economy can create jobs

X (f) low productivity across sectors, chronically so in agriculture, especially over the past ten years

X (g) persistently high unemployment and underemployment rates at 6–8 per cent and 18–23 per cent, respectively

X (h) a poverty incidence at over 20 per cent among the population in 2015 21.6% Poverty incidence among the Philippine population in 2015

Manobo community in Veruela under the ILO Caraga Indigenous Peoples Development Programme Programme Development Peoples Indigenous Caraga ILO the under Veruela in community Manobo 3Based on 2015 Labour Force Survey, Philippine (IPDP-CARAGA) established the first Sago Palm Flour Production Enterprise in 2011. The ILO has been been has ILO The 2011. in Enterprise Production Flour Palm Sago first the established (IPDP-CARAGA) Statistics Authority (PSA) working on indigenous peoples issues supporting the ratification and application of ILO C.169, the the C.169, ILO of application and ratification the supporting issues peoples indigenous on working

Statistics Authority (PSA)

3Based on 2015 Labour Force Survey, Philippine

population in 2015

Poverty incidence among the Philippine 21.6

among the population in 2015

(h) a poverty incidence at over 20 per cent X

18–23 per cent, respectively

underemployment rates at 6–8 per cent and

(g) persistently high unemployment and X

years

so in agriculture, especially over the past ten

(f) low productivity across sectors, chronically X

coverage

limited labour rights and social protection

employed and unpaid family workers with

levels of vulnerability among the self-

informal economy characterized by high

(e) at least 38 per cent of employed in the X

rights3

effectively exercise or enjoy their full legal

cent) in precarious employment who cannot

six million private sector employees (34 per

been growing modestly but with more than

(d) wage and salary employment that has X

than the economy can create jobs

large share

women accounting for a disproportionately

does not participate in the labour force, with

(b) one third of the working age population X

of working age

latest estimates), where almost two thirds is

reached over 101 million (up to 105 million by

(a) a fast-growing population that has X

characteristics of the labour market:

Underlying these challenges are the following 06 08

Table 1. Poverty incidence among families, real average family income, and Gini coefficient

Poverty incidence among Real average family Gini coefficient Region families (%) income (PHP)

2009 2012 2015 2009 2012 2015 2009 2012 2015

Philippines 20.5 19.7 16.5 180 181 189 0.4641 0.4605 0.4439

Sources: Philippine Statistics Authority, Official Poverty Statistics, and Family Income and Expenditure Survey

GDP growth has not led to massive creation of decent cent and the highest underemployment rate. Where work opportunities sufficient to reduce poverty and underemployment is higher than the national average inequality at a rapid pace. The country fell short of of 18.5 per cent (namely, in CAR, Regions IV-B, VI, VII, its MDG poverty reduction target of 17.2 per cent of IX and XI), high proportions of self-employment and the population by 2015. With the uneven levels of unpaid family work (vulnerable employment) is also development in the country’s geographical regions, found. Furthermore, these regions have the widest the problems of employment, underemployment, family income disparities except for Region IV-B. poverty and inequality have stark spatial dimensions. A region needing careful attention is BARMM. Using national averages as reference, regions in Although it may appear to have a relatively low Luzon which are generally more developed also have underemployment and a better Gini coefficient than less poverty incidence among families, better Gini other regions, this is only because almost half of its coefficient, and higher real annual family income total population is equally poor. BARMM has the (Table 1). In contrast, all the regions in Visayas and highest proportion of vulnerable employment (more Mindanao where agriculture is prevalent have higher than 80 per cent), poverty incidence and lowest real poverty incidence and lower real family incomes. income – the latter two indicators were deteriorating Underemployment, precarious employment and from 2009 to 2015. vulnerable employment are closely linked with poverty incidence (Table 2). Except in BARMM, the country’s poorest regions such as CARAGA, Regions V, VIII, X and XII have poverty rates of at least 30 per 08 09 09

Table 1. Poverty incidence among families, real average family income, and Gini coefficient

Poverty incidence among Real average family Gini coefficient Region families (%) income (PHP)

2009 2012 2015 2009 2012 2015 2009 2012 2015

Philippines 20.5 19.7 16.5 180 181 189 0.4641 0.4605 0.4439

NCR 2.4 2.6 2.7 318 305 322 0.4081 0.4028 0.3909 CAR 19.2 17.5 14.9 190 200 202 0.4658 0.4675 0.4211 I 16.8 14.0 9.6 163 165 177 0.4170 0.4265 0.3979 II 20.2 17.0 11.7 157 149 165 0.4560 0.4096 0.4065 III 10.7 10.1 8.9 187 196 210 0.3821 0.4084 0.3970 IV-A 8.8 8.3 6.7 216 219 223 0.4203 0.4186 0.4012 IV-B 27.2 23.6 17.4 121 134 153 0.4116 0.4476 0.4568 V 35.3 32.3 27.5 128 122 128 0.4268 0.4233 0.3961 VI 23.6 22.8 16.6 136 153 154 0.4309 0.4754 0.4362 VII 26.0 25.7 23.6 164 163 166 0.4711 0.4712 0.4647 VIII 34.5 37.4 30.7 133 124 130 0.5008 0.4834 0.4649 IX 39.5 33.7 26.0 119 119 124 0.4915 0.4592 0.4362 Together with the Bangsamoro Development Agency (BDA), the ILO developed tools and strategies to build skills, enterprises and provide training on on training provide and enterprises skills, build to strategies and tools developed ILO the (BDA), Agency Development Bangsamoro the with Together X 33.3 32.8 30.3 139 137 145 0.4860 0.4844 0.4636 supply chain operations through the Programme for Local Economic Development through Enhanced Governance (PLEDGE). © ILO/Minette Rimando Rimando ILO/Minette © (PLEDGE). Governance Enhanced through Development Economic Local for Programme the through operations chain supply XI 25.5 25.0 16.6 140 143 166 0.4339 0.4330 0.4295 Table 2. Poverty, underemployment and vulnerable employment by region, 2015 (in per cent) cent) per (in 2015 region, by employment vulnerable and underemployment Poverty, 2. Table XII 30.8 37.1 30.5 128 120 125 0.4462 0.4570 0.4626 Proportion of self-employed self-employed of Proportion CARAGA 46.0 31.9 30.8 120 126 124 0.4732 0.4397 0.4338 Poverty incidence among Unemployment Unemployment among incidence Poverty Region and unpaid family workers in in workers family unpaid and Region population (%) rate (%) (%) rate (%) population ARMM (BARMM) 39.9 48.7 48.2 94 92 89 0.2991 0.2882 0.2801 total employment (%) (%) employment total

Sources: Philippine Statistics Authority, Official Poverty Statistics, and Family Income and Expenditure Survey Philippines 21.6 18.5 37.6 37.6 18.5 21.6 Philippines

NCR 3.9 10.0 19.8 19.8 10.0 3.9 NCR CAR 19.7 20.8 53.0 53.0 20.8 19.7 CAR I 13.1 16.9 38.4 38.4 16.9 13.1 I

GDP growth has not led to massive creation of decent cent and the highest underemployment rate. Where II 15.8 11.1 29.5 29.5 11.1 15.8 II work opportunities sufficient to reduce poverty and underemployment is higher than the national average III 11.2 13.5 27.4 27.4 13.5 11.2 III inequality at a rapid pace. The country fell short of of 18.5 per cent (namely, in CAR, Regions IV-B, VI, VII, its MDG poverty reduction target of 17.2 per cent of IX and XI), high proportions of self-employment and IV-A 9.1 18.2 29.2 29.2 18.2 9.1 IV-A the population by 2015. With the uneven levels of unpaid family work (vulnerable employment) is also development in the country’s geographical regions, found. Furthermore, these regions have the widest IV-B 24.4 20.8 48.4 48.4 20.8 24.4 IV-B the problems of employment, underemployment, family income disparities except for Region IV-B. V 36.0 31.6 47.0 47.0 31.6 36.0 V poverty and inequality have stark spatial dimensions. A region needing careful attention is BARMM. VI 22.4 21.3 35.8 35.8 21.3 22.4 VI Using national averages as reference, regions in Although it may appear to have a relatively low Luzon which are generally more developed also have underemployment and a better Gini coefficient than VII 27.6 18.4 41.8 41.8 18.4 27.6 VII less poverty incidence among families, better Gini other regions, this is only because almost half of its VIII 38.7 31.8 51.1 51.1 31.8 38.7 VIII coefficient, and higher real annual family income total population is equally poor. BARMM has the (Table 1). In contrast, all the regions in Visayas and highest proportion of vulnerable employment (more IX 33.9 18.5 50.1 50.1 18.5 33.9 IX Mindanao where agriculture is prevalent have higher than 80 per cent), poverty incidence and lowest real X 36.6 24.9 44.3 44.3 24.9 36.6 X poverty incidence and lower real family incomes. income – the latter two indicators were deteriorating Underemployment, precarious employment and from 2009 to 2015. XI 22.0 19.0 35.5 35.5 19.0 22.0 XI vulnerable employment are closely linked with XII 37.3 23.2 47.2 47.2 23.2 37.3 XII poverty incidence (Table 2). Except in BARMM, the country’s poorest regions such as CARAGA, Regions CARAGA 39.1 26.2 47.8 47.8 26.2 39.1 CARAGA V, VIII, X and XII have poverty rates of at least 30 per ARMM (BARMM) 53.7 11.1 81.9 81.9 11.1 53.7 (BARMM) ARMM

Sources: Philippine Statistics Authority, Official Poverty Statistics, and Labour Force Survey Survey Force Labour and Statistics, Poverty Official Authority, Statistics Philippine Sources: 10

2.3 Country performance in attaining decent work objectives

Employment creation X (c) Human capital development likewise needs to The problem lies in both the demand and supply side of address long-standing problems of low labour creating decent employment opportunities at a massive productivity, labour underutilization and other labour and rapid scale. Key factors that contribute to and market inefficiencies. The profile of the employed complicate the problem are as follows: is dominated by young, low-skilled, low-income and underemployed workers with poor levels of X (a) The Philippines has historically underinvested productivity. Many forms of employment, especially in basic infrastructure, resulting in supply-side in the informal economy and among women and the constraints that limit the country’s potential to youth, are precarious and temporary. Real wages produce more decent work opportunities. In recent as well as household income have not significantly years, economic growth and sound fundamentals improved. The labour force participation rate has have given the current administration fiscal space to pursue an aggressive “build, build, build” remained lower than 60 per cent and remains skewed programme to address this problem. However, this against women. Unemployment is especially high must be sustained by tax and investment reforms. among the youth and the more educated. School- Inadequacies in physical infrastructure, technology, to-work transitions are long. There are also concerns logistics, telecommunications, connectivity, unreliable on the high number of persons of working age who supply, and high costs of electricity and water need to are not in education, employment or training (NEET); be improved. Furthermore, the country’s vulnerability the existence of hard-to-fill occupations; and the to natural disasters requires enhancement of the efficiency of labour market information services. The programme to include dimensions of urban and combination of these factors give rise to a relatively rural planning, green technology and environmental high dependency ratio that adversely affects the sustainability. There is also a need to improve effectiveness of programmes in reducing the larger institutional support to promote resilience and problems of social and economic exclusion, inequality adaptability within the context of emerging issues such as the future of work, technology, pandemics and poverty. and conflict in specific parts of the country.

The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated enterprises and their value chains’ shift to the increasing use of digital technologies, growth of e-commerce, prevalent work from home arrangements, and rise of the gig economy. While technologies can enhance productivity and market access, an uneven playing field in terms of capital and infrastructure can widen economic inequalities.

X (b) Shifting demographics is equally an opportunity and a threat. With almost 30 per cent of the total population under 15 years old and half of the working age population between 15 to 34 years old,4 the country has a dominantly young population. There is the potential for a demographic dividend which can be realized with continuing strategic investments in social services and human capital development with the core components of health, education and training, and lifelong learning. Development and upscaling of infrastructure, technologies and facilities should position the country to move its products and services up the value chain. In the process, this would generate more quality jobs across sectors, including green jobs. To meet new demands and in line with the national aspiration to become a smart and globally competitive knowledge-based economy, education and training curricula need to be oriented toward producing high- level specialists and technicians with strong cognitive and problem-solving competencies, and values for lifelong learning and adaptation.

A manufacturing worker for a probiotic health drink wears 4Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA), Labour Force Survey 2019 personal protective equipment. Manufacturing is a sector with the highest proportion of occupational accidents involving young people. ©ILO/Maxime Fossat 10 11

2.3 Country performance in attaining decent work objectives Rights at work collective bargaining coverage rates. The rights to The 1987 Philippine Constitution enshrines the organize and to bargain have become increasingly overarching State policy of "protection to labour". The difficult to exercise especially among those involved Constitution provides labour guarantees to all Filipino in non-regular forms of employment. These rights Employment creation X (c) Human capital development likewise needs to women and men workers, organized or unorganized, are totally inexistent among overseas Filipino whether working locally or overseas. These guarantees migrant workers, affecting both women and men. The problem lies in both the demand and supply side of address long-standing problems of low labour cover full employment and equal employment Moreover, cases against the Philippine government creating decent employment opportunities at a massive productivity, labour underutilization and other labour opportunities, self-organization, collective bargaining, brought to the ILO’s Committee on Freedom of and rapid scale. Key factors that contribute to and market inefficiencies. The profile of the employed is dominated by young, low-skilled, low-income and negotiations, peaceful concerted activities including Association (CFA) and referred to the Committee complicate the problem are as follows: the right to strike, security of tenure, humane conditions and underemployed workers with poor levels of of Experts on the Application of Conventions and of work, living wage, participation in policy and decision- X (a) The Philippines has historically underinvested productivity. Many forms of employment, especially Recommendations (CEACR) also allege inconsistency making processes affecting workers’ rights and benefits, in basic infrastructure, resulting in supply-side or inadequacy of laws and ineffectiveness of public in the informal economy and among women and the and a just share in the fruits of production.5 The enabling constraints that limit the country’s potential to youth, are precarious and temporary. Real wages authorities in protecting the rights of workers to produce more decent work opportunities. In recent laws and institutions to operationalize these guarantees as well as household income have not significantly organize and to strike. Thus, there is a need to review, years, economic growth and sound fundamentals are found in the Labor Code of 1974, as amended by improved. The labour force participation rate has modernize and reform the current legal framework have given the current administration fiscal space other related laws. The country’s labour institutions are to strengthen its alignment with international to pursue an aggressive “build, build, build” remained lower than 60 per cent and remains skewed comprehensive and well-developed, many of which are programme to address this problem. However, this against women. Unemployment is especially high patterned after international labour standards, including labour standards, expand its scope and design to must be sustained by tax and investment reforms. among the youth and the more educated. School- the eight ILO fundamental Conventions – all of which effectively cover workers in nonregular employment Inadequacies in physical infrastructure, technology, to-work transitions are long. There are also concerns the country has ratified. Given the accelerated pace of and atypical work arrangements (including migrant logistics, telecommunications, connectivity, unreliable on the high number of persons of working age who transformations in the world of work, the challenge workers) and make the landscape more adaptive to supply, and high costs of electricity and water need to are not in education, employment or training (NEET); lies in improving implementation, modernizing the present and future work settings in consideration existing policy design and instruments of labour market be improved. Furthermore, the country’s vulnerability the existence of hard-to-fill occupations; and the of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (Industry 4.0). governance, and ensuring effective and inclusive to natural disasters requires enhancement of the efficiency of labour market information services. The protection to all workers. The following factors influence programme to include dimensions of urban and In the public sector, an opportunity for a combination of these factors give rise to a relatively the effective recognition of workers’ rights at work: rural planning, green technology and environmental high dependency ratio that adversely affects the major legislative initiative is presented by the sustainability. There is also a need to improve effectiveness of programmes in reducing the larger X (a) There is existing legislation to promote equal recent ratification of the Labour Relations institutional support to promote resilience and problems of social and economic exclusion, inequality opportunity, access and treatment; to prohibit (Public Service) Convention, 1978 (No. 151). adaptability within the context of emerging issues sex- and age-based discrimination; and to such as the future of work, technology, pandemics and poverty. protect and promote the welfare of women. In The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the rise of and conflict in specific parts of the country. the public sector, there has been an increasing e-commerce and use of digital technonologies. proportion of women occupying positions of The existing vulnerabilities of workers especially in The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated enterprises higher responsibility. Nevertheless, the labour and their value chains’ shift to the increasing use force participation rate of women remains lower the gig economy has also exacerbated during such of digital technologies, growth of e-commerce, compared to those of men. Concerns also remain crises. The gig economy and online workers generally prevalent work from home arrangements, and rise on occupational segregation; and the differentiation operate without clear protections afforded by regular of the gig economy. While technologies can enhance in pay, opportunity and treatment which tend employees such as sick leaves, health insurances productivity and market access, an uneven playing to put women and the youth at a disadvantage. and medical benefits. With their "no work no pay" field in terms of capital and infrastructure can widen arrangements, these workers may be compelled to economic inequalities. The country rejects all forms of unacceptable work. continue working despite risk of COVID-19 exposure, Slave labour is prohibited by the 1987 Constitution which could then inadvertedly spread the virus. X (b) Shifting demographics is equally an opportunity and other criminal laws. Laws protecting children The rapid rise of online work and the gig economy and a threat. With almost 30 per cent of the total as well as prohibiting child labour (especially its require mechanisms for application of relevant labour population under 15 years old and half of the working worst forms), forced labour, and human trafficking standards to protect workers in these sectors. age population between 15 to 34 years old,4 the are comprehensive. However, policy outcomes country has a dominantly young population. There is continue to be hampered by the magnitude of these X (c) The country has comprehensive legislations on 7 the potential for a demographic dividend which can be problems particularly on child labour such as gaps general labour standards (GLS), occupational safety in awareness, resources and enforcement capacity, realized with continuing strategic investments in social and health standards (OSHS), and standards relating and the larger context of high poverty incidence and services and human capital development with the to termination of employment which are generally limited economic opportunities. core components of health, education and training, patterned after the ILO’s technical and governance and lifelong learning. Development and upscaling X (b) In the private sector, legislation on freedom of Conventions and Recommendations. Recently of infrastructure, technologies and facilities should 8 association and collective bargaining, as found in passed legislations promote telecommuting and position the country to move its products and services 9 the Labor Code, is likewise comprehensive. However, strengthening OSHS. However, there are also other up the value chain. In the process, this would generate policy outcomes are weak, as evidenced by the thin outstanding issues that are important in order to more quality jobs across sectors, including green jobs. and continuously declining trade union density and realize the labour guarantees in the Constitution. To meet new demands and in line with the national In particular: the effectiveness of the minimum aspiration to become a smart and globally competitive knowledge-based economy, education and training curricula need to be oriented toward producing high- 5Art. II, Sec. 18 and Art. XIII, Sec. 3. 6 level specialists and technicians with strong cognitive See Observations of the Committee of Experts on the Application of Conventions and Recommendations (CEACR) in the implementation by the Philippines of ILO Conventions Nos 100 and 111, http://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=1000: 13201::: NO:13201: P13201_ COUNTRY_ID:102970. and problem-solving competencies, and values for 7The 2011 Survey on Children (SOC) estimated that 2.097 million (7.9 per cent) children aged 5 to 17 years old were in child labour. The incidence was lifelong learning and adaptation. 10.2 per cent for boys and 5.4 per cent for girls In terms of sectoral and geographical distribution, SOC data show that 58.4 per cent (1.225 million) of child labourers are in rural areas, mostly in agriculture engaged in the production of sugarcane, banana, coconut, corn, hog, palm oil, rice, rubber and tobacco. Services including domestic work accounted for 34.6 per cent (726,000), while industry accounted for 7.0 per cent (147,000) who were A manufacturing worker for a probiotic health drink wears employed in mining and quarrying, manufacturing pyrotechnics and construction, among others. In terms of nature of work, about 95 per cent 4Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA), Labour Force Survey 2019 personal protective equipment. Manufacturing is a sector with (2.050 million) child labourers were engaged in hazardous work, including the worst forms of child labour. Eight out of every ten children working in the highest proportion of occupational accidents involving young hazardous environments were exposed to physical hazards. people. ©ILO/Maxime Fossat 8 Republic Act. No. 11165 (2018). 9 Republic Act. No. 11058 (2018). 12

wage-setting mechanism, the absence of tripartite X (f) Another problem of inclusivity pertains to consensus on balancing the security of tenure and international labour migration, especially when it promoting full employment, equality of employment involves temporary migrant workers who work overseas and work opportunities. while maintaining their residency in the Philippines. This is more popularly referred to as Overseas Filipino X (d) Implementation and enforcement are done through Workers (OFWs). In 2013, the number of Filipinos labour inspection and labour dispute resolution. On overseas was estimated at 10.239 million. Of this, about labour inspection: the Labor Code vests the power of 4.21 million were OFWs. The policy and regulatory inspection on the Secretary of Labor and authorized framework on temporary labour migration covers the 10 representatives. DOLE recently issued new rules full cycle of an OFW’s journey – from recruitment to and regulations clarifying and enlarging the scope deployment to re-integration. The situation of OFWs is of inspection. The administrative capacity of the more precarious because of the short-term nature of inspectorate is being continuously enhanced with their employment and the different levels of treatment additional inspectors, advanced technical trainings, and protection afforded by host countries. They and improvement of management and monitoring also continue to be employed mostly in low-skilled systems. Representation of workers during the categories and “3-D” occupations (dirty, dangerous 11 inspection process is now also required. On labour and demanding) where workers, particularly women, dispute resolution: specialized agencies are in place face higher risks. Documented and reported instances performing conciliation, mediation and arbitration of illegal recruitment within the country and abuses functions. These agencies have competence to facilitate committed by employers abroad as well as situations settlement or to decide on rights and interest disputes, that may constitute trafficking in persons13 are also individual and collective disputes, and all employment- not uncommon. Oftentimes, OFWs do not have ready related disputes. A fairly recent legislative development access to dispute resolution or redress mechanisms is the mandatory use of conciliation and mediation in their host countries. Consequently, the effective on all issues arising from labour and employment implementation of existing laws and labour standards including those arising from labour inspection, subject protecting them becomes particularly challenging. 12 only to specific exceptions. Nevertheless, there are still common violations of standards pertaining to The government envisions to provide more protection minimum wages, working hours, categorization of to OFWs with a proposal to create a Department of employment, and use of contracting arrangements. OFWs. Whatever new policies or structures will finally Further, the effectiveness of inspection and labour be put in place, a positive development that can help dispute resolution mechanisms remain hampered improve governance of labour migration is the ASEAN by the high volume of cases, multiplicity or duplicity Consensus on the Protection and Promotion of the of mechanisms, complexity and litigiousness of Rights of Migrant Workers (2017) which renewed procedures, and the need to continuously upgrade the call for cross-border recognition of the rights of the administrative and technical capacity of officials to migrant workers to organize and to bargain, as well perform their functions. Efforts to more strategically as to be accorded portable social protection wherever address labour law violations through incentive and they may be deployed. Another positive development disincentive mechanisms, inter-agency coordination that could present new opportunities is a gradual and social dialogue also need to be further enhanced. shift in perspective. Regional and global integration has brought migration for work to another frontier: X (e) Inclusivity of labour standards as instruments to sharing valuable resources consisting of professionals realize labour guarantees is a key policy concern. and highly skilled workers who freely move across Labour standards are generally applicable to the formal borders. It is now an opportune time for the country sector where employer–employee relationships are to re-examine its international labour migration policy clearer. Therefore, workers are covered by minimum from that of temporary employment and welfare to legal protection, rights and remedies. The protective a more comprehensive migration and development divide and corresponding inequality of social outcomes perspective. tend to widen in sectors where the existence of an employer–employee relationship is less clear, as well as in the country’s less industrialized and less urbanized 10 Labor Code, Art. 128. regions where most employment is informal. With this, 11 DOLE Department Order No. 183-17. a broader policy challenge puts into question how the 12 Labor Code, Art. 234 [228], as amended by Republic Act No. scope and protective coverage of labour standards can 10396 (2013), “An Act Strengthening Conciliation and Mediation as a be adapted to apply to precarious and ambiguous work Voluntary Mode of Dispute Settlement for All Labour Cases.” 13 For detailed CEACR Observations on the implementation by the relationships and support the transition of the informal Philippines of the Forced Labour Convention, 1930 (No. 29), as it to the formal economy. To date, there are still no relates to trafficking in persons, see https://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/ indicators or measures to show progress in this area. en/f?p=NORMLEXPUB:12100:0::NO::P12100_ILO_CODE:C029. 12 13

wage-setting mechanism, the absence of tripartite X (f) Another problem of inclusivity pertains to Tripartism and social dialogue and non-standard work arrangements in the consensus on balancing the security of tenure and international labour migration, especially when it These mechanisms are firmly entrenched in context of Industry 4.0. The Labor Code is the promoting full employment, equality of employment involves temporary migrant workers who work overseas government institutions on labour and employment. main instrument for labour protection, with and work opportunities. while maintaining their residency in the Philippines. The right of workers to participate in policy and standards on working conditions, security of This is more popularly referred to as Overseas Filipino decision-making processes directly affecting them tenure, and enterprise-level collective bargaining X (d) Implementation and enforcement are done through Workers (OFWs). In 2013, the number of Filipinos is explicitly recognized in the 1987 Constitution. This among the major points of emphasis. Increasingly, labour inspection and labour dispute resolution. On overseas was estimated at 10.239 million. Of this, about is made operative through the Labor Code, which however, questions are raised whether the Code labour inspection: the Labor Code vests the power of 4.21 million were OFWs. The policy and regulatory declares tripartism in labour relations as a State can adequately serve this purpose in relation to inspection on the Secretary of Labor and authorized framework on temporary labour migration covers the policy and provides representation of workers and non-conventional work arrangements that de- representatives.10 DOLE recently issued new rules full cycle of an OFW’s journey – from recruitment to employers in decision- and policy-making bodies of emphasize time, physical work space and direct and regulations clarifying and enlarging the scope deployment to re-integration. The situation of OFWs is the government. The Code implements the Tripartite employer control; supervision while emphasizing of inspection. The administrative capacity of the more precarious because of the short-term nature of Consultation (International Labour Standards) output, use of information technology, worker inspectorate is being continuously enhanced with their employment and the different levels of treatment Convention, 1976 (No. 144), and formalizes the role responsibility and autonomy; self-managed work additional inspectors, advanced technical trainings, and protection afforded by host countries. They of the National Tripartite Industrial Peace Council processes and the increasing fusion between the and improvement of management and monitoring also continue to be employed mostly in low-skilled (NTIPC) as a mechanism for tripartite advisement human and digital spheres. All these come with the systems. Representation of workers during the categories and “3-D” occupations (dirty, dangerous and monitoring of labour standards.14 Furthermore, added complication that the work and employment inspection process is now also required.11 On labour and demanding) where workers, particularly women, the right of workers and employers to nominate their relationship often coexist and intersect with other dispute resolution: specialized agencies are in place face higher risks. Documented and reported instances representatives is mandatory in processes such as equally legal relationships that transcend national performing conciliation, mediation and arbitration of illegal recruitment within the country and abuses minimum wage-fixing through the Regional Tripartite borders. This further emphasizes the need functions. These agencies have competence to facilitate committed by employers abroad as well as situations Wages Productivity Boards (RTWPBs) and the National for open, informed and constructive dialogue settlement or to decide on rights and interest disputes, 13 that may constitute trafficking in persons are also Wages Productivity Commission (NWPC), adjudication towards modernizing the Labor Code and its individual and collective disputes, and all employment- not uncommon. Oftentimes, OFWs do not have ready of cases at the appellate level of compulsory various institutional mechanisms. This way, the related disputes. A fairly recent legislative development access to dispute resolution or redress mechanisms arbitration in the National Labor Relations Commission Code remains a relevant and effective instrument is the mandatory use of conciliation and mediation in their host countries. Consequently, the effective (NLRC), Technical Education and Skills Development to promote decent work and facilitate the larger on all issues arising from labour and employment implementation of existing laws and labour standards Authority (TESDA), Philippine Overseas Employment development goal of inclusive social and economic including those arising from labour inspection, subject protecting them becomes particularly challenging. Administration (POEA), Overseas Workers Welfare growth, and transformation. only to specific exceptions.12 Nevertheless, there are Administration (OWWA), Social Security System (SSS) still common violations of standards pertaining to The government envisions to provide more protection and Employees’ Compensation Commission (ECC), minimum wages, working hours, categorization of to OFWs with a proposal to create a Department of among others. Gaps remain, however, between law employment, and use of contracting arrangements. Social protection OFWs. Whatever new policies or structures will finally and practice: Further, the effectiveness of inspection and labour be put in place, a positive development that can help The country’s social protection programme is dispute resolution mechanisms remain hampered improve governance of labour migration is the ASEAN X (a) A shared concern among workers’ and comprehensive and continues to strengthen its by the high volume of cases, multiplicity or duplicity Consensus on the Protection and Promotion of the employers’ organizations claim they are not alignment with international standards and towards of mechanisms, complexity and litigiousness of Rights of Migrant Workers (2017) which renewed afforded the right to nominate the sectoral universal coverage. Recently passed legislations are representatives appointed to some tripartite 15 procedures, and the need to continuously upgrade the call for cross-border recognition of the rights of expanding maternity protection, restructuring the bodies in accordance with the law. Another the administrative and technical capacity of officials to migrant workers to organize and to bargain, as well SSS, institutionalizing an unemployment insurance, issue is the effectiveness and inclusiveness perform their functions. Efforts to more strategically as to be accorded portable social protection wherever and expanding compulsory coverage to migrant address labour law violations through incentive and of representation given the declining union workers.16 Increase in the national expenditure they may be deployed. Another positive development membership. There is also the tradition of disincentive mechanisms, inter-agency coordination programme for social protection and actual number that could present new opportunities is a gradual adversarial labour relations manifested in the and social dialogue also need to be further enhanced. of beneficiaries and access to social protection shift in perspective. Regional and global integration tendency of the social partners to resort to highly has brought migration for work to another frontier: legalistic, hard-line and positional approaches on programmes over the years are notable. The main X (e) Inclusivity of labour standards as instruments to sharing valuable resources consisting of professionals difficult issues. This practice – institutionalized challenges in social protection are promoting realize labour guarantees is a key policy concern. and highly skilled workers who freely move across by the design of the laws – can undermine the universal coverage, ensuring adequacy and Labour standards are generally applicable to the formal borders. It is now an opportune time for the country primary value of tripartism and social dialogue sustainability of benefits, streamlining fragmented sector where employer–employee relationships are to re-examine its international labour migration policy as essential processes in generating consensus. programmes to maximize impact, and finding the clearer. Therefore, workers are covered by minimum from that of temporary employment and welfare to Another long-standing issue is how to expand the proper complementary mix of passive and active legal protection, rights and remedies. The protective space for social dialogue and make it more vibrant a more comprehensive migration and development labour market interventions while maintaining work divide and corresponding inequality of social outcomes and inclusive. Bringing in new blood and fresh perspective. incentives. With the country’s inherent geographical tend to widen in sectors where the existence of an ideas to the current crop of representatives as vulnerability to natural disasters and climate change, employer–employee relationship is less clear, as well as well as including non-traditional sectors including as well as issues of armed conflict in specific parts of those from the informal economy and civil society in the country’s less industrialized and less urbanized the country, the devastating effects of emergencies 10 Labor Code, Art. 128. can be beneficial. regions where most employment is informal. With this, 11 DOLE Department Order No. 183-17. such as pandemics, emerging trends brought by a broader policy challenge puts into question how the 12 Labor Code, Art. 234 [228], as amended by Republic Act No. X (b) The most substantive but also the most technology and other risks need to be mitigated by scope and protective coverage of labour standards can 10396 (2013), “An Act Strengthening Conciliation and Mediation as a difficult policy challenge confronting the tripartite social protection programmes with strategies for be adapted to apply to precarious and ambiguous work Voluntary Mode of Dispute Settlement for All Labour Cases.” 13 For detailed CEACR Observations on the implementation by the partners at the present is how the State can resilience and a just transition. relationships and support the transition of the informal Philippines of the Forced Labour Convention, 1930 (No. 29), as it carry out its Constitutional mandate of labour to the formal economy. To date, there are still no relates to trafficking in persons, see https://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/ protection in light of the changing nature of work indicators or measures to show progress in this area. en/f?p=NORMLEXPUB:12100:0::NO::P12100_ILO_CODE:C029. and the emergence of new technology-driven

14 Labor Code, Art. 290 [275], as amended by Republic At No. 10395 (2013), “An Act Strengthening Tripartism.” 15 Republic Act. No. 11210 (2019). 16 Republic Act. No. 11199 (2019). 14

2.4 Development cooperation initiatives and lessons learned

The ILO’s experience in the implementation of X (c) A major strength of development cooperation programmes and projects in the Philippines provide partners lies in promoting synergies using their a wealth of lessons learned, on which it can build distinct comparative advantages of access to interventions to address the country’s remaining decent knowledge resources and international experience. work deficits. In 2006, the ILO conducted an evaluation X of its programme for support for the Philippines. Most (d) Pilot or demonstration approach needs to be of its conclusions and recommendations have been preceded by a feasibility assessment and should addressed in the ILO’s DWCP and other guidelines at the consider the possibility of expansion or replication. corporate level, which included guidance on the use of The ILO has implemented and obtained lessons learned results-based programming and planning. from projects, which can serve as entry points for future X (a) The ILO’s effectiveness in positioning its visibility initiatives. depends on how substantively it can engage its major development partners – the tripartite constituents – to champion key issues and themes, Employment particularly the Decent Work Agenda. Projects and interventions on employment cover the promotion of decent work in employment policy, X (b) Beyond its tripartite constituents, it is also development plans and strategies, skills and enterprise important to ensure the involvement and “buy in” development, peacebuilding, disaster and emergency of a much larger group of strategic partners. Social response, and poverty reduction efforts. In the process, partners have limited organizational capacities and these interventions target the most vulnerable segment are often affected by competing priorities. Hence, of workers. there is the need to broaden the participation of stakeholders outside of the traditional formal On the protection of the environment, the ILO projects workers’ and employers’ organizations, such as covered climate adaptation programmes, green non-government and civil society organizations, businesses, and, ultimately, green jobs promoting just and other government agencies, with the objective transition which adopt the decent work framework. The of imbedding decent work dimensions in their Philippines was a pilot country for the application of the planning, budgeting and programming processes. ILO policy guidelines on just transition which supported This raises the need for continued capacity-building, the implementation of the Green Jobs Act of 2016 or 17 particularly in the area of policy engagement. Republic Act No. 10771. On advancing equal opportunities to training and The experience from completed and ongoing projects employment, the ILO is currently implementing a project show that development cooperation interventions promoting women workers’ employment in science, should be sensitive, among others, to the following: technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) with access to relevant skills development. Another X (a) Spatial and sectoral dimensions must be carefully considered in light of the differences in existing initiative is through the promotion of decent geographical endowments, levels of economic work in responsible supply chains among multinational development and socio-political conditions. enterprises (MNEs) with focus on the agriculture sector Targeted sectors for assistance such as women, through the promotion of the ILO and the OECD’s children, the youth, persons with disabilities respective Declaration or guidance for MNEs. (PWDs), elderly, the rural and urban poor are at risk of vulnerability or marginalization and have Labour market governance inherently low tolerance for any risks, whether Projects under this broad area aimed to improve these be brought by natural disasters, armed conflict, weak governance or external factors like application of fundamental principles and rights financial crises. Measures to prepare, manage covering child labourers, domestic workers who are and remedy such risks should be embedded in all mostly women and migrant workers, as well as freedom development projects. of association and right to collective bargaining. Projects related to governance issues included labour inspection X (b) Government planning, programming and policy and occupational safety and health (OSH). implementation can overlap and be fragmented. A major area for development cooperation is to Combatting child labour has been a long standing promote intra- and inter-agency coordination and initiative since 1994. This entailed national and sectoral cohesion on decent work outcomes. Interventions approaches which address children's issues in various of this nature should also involve the social contexts, including the worst forms of child labour. partners, the private sector, and nongovernment Through the years, ILO interventions covered integrated organizations as much as possible. and interrelated gender-sensitive approaches at the 14 15

2.4 Development cooperation initiatives and lessons learned

macro, meso, and micro levels. These consist of enabling protocols and capacity-building to enforce labour policy and legal environment, including ratification standards such as occupational safety and health (OSH) and The ILO’s experience in the implementation of X (c) A major strength of development cooperation campaigns for key Conventions concerning child labour; improved institutional capacities of workers and employers programmes and projects in the Philippines provide partners lies in promoting synergies using their advocacy, policy and programme design. Improving to support compliance. This project is complemented by a wealth of lessons learned, on which it can build distinct comparative advantages of access to capacities to provide services for children and families, an OSH project targeting the youth, generally focusing on interventions to address the country’s remaining decent knowledge resources and international experience. including rescue, livelihood, income and decent work notification and recording of injuries and illnesses, OSH work deficits. In 2006, the ILO conducted an evaluation X opportunities, education and social protection was also standards formulation, awareness raising and promoting of its programme for support for the Philippines. Most (d) Pilot or demonstration approach needs to be driven. Establishment of monitoring and evaluation compliance of OSH standards. These projects focused on of its conclusions and recommendations have been preceded by a feasibility assessment and should mechanisms as well as the institutionalization of child addressed in the ILO’s DWCP and other guidelines at the consider the possibility of expansion or replication. the formal sector. labour committees and enforcement took place. corporate level, which included guidance on the use of The ILO has implemented and obtained lessons learned Social protection results-based programming and planning. Protecting domestic workers which initially looked at from projects, which can serve as entry points for future Social protection aimed to broaden the use of safety child labour dimensions subsequently expanded to X (a) The ILO’s effectiveness in positioning its visibility initiatives. nets in the context of disaster towards better income adults, tackling forced labour and trafficking, gender depends on how substantively it can engage support and early livelihood recovery through labour- equality, rights promotion and creation of decent work its major development partners – the tripartite based rural infrastructure development. constituents – to champion key issues and themes, Employment opportunities. One milestone is the enactment of the particularly the Decent Work Agenda. Projects and interventions on employment cover Domestic Workers’ law otherwise known as the Batas the promotion of decent work in employment policy, Kasambahay in 2013 after the country’s historic step to X (b) Beyond its tripartite constituents, it is also development plans and strategies, skills and enterprise ratify the Domestic Workers Convention, 2011 (No. 189). important to ensure the involvement and “buy in” development, peacebuilding, disaster and emergency The implementation of this enabling law promoted the of a much larger group of strategic partners. Social response, and poverty reduction efforts. In the process, visibility of domestic workers who are mostly in the partners have limited organizational capacities and these interventions target the most vulnerable segment informal economy. In the meantime, strategies are also are often affected by competing priorities. Hence, of workers. needed to address broader concerns of the informal there is the need to broaden the participation economy in its formalization. of stakeholders outside of the traditional formal On the protection of the environment, the ILO projects Migrant workers are in situations vulnerable to forced workers’ and employers’ organizations, such as covered climate adaptation programmes, green labour and human trafficking which have been subjects of non-government and civil society organizations, businesses, and, ultimately, green jobs promoting just ILO support. Examples of ILO projects protecting migrant and other government agencies, with the objective transition which adopt the decent work framework. The workers included economic and social empowerment of imbedding decent work dimensions in their Philippines was a pilot country for the application of the of trafficked women, promotion for fair recruitment in planning, budgeting and programming processes. ILO policy guidelines on just transition which supported migration corridors, and elimination of violence and This raises the need for continued capacity-building, the implementation of the Green Jobs Act of 2016 or 17 harassment against women and girls. Most recent projects particularly in the area of policy engagement. Republic Act No. 10771. promoted better access to information and improved On advancing equal opportunities to training and The experience from completed and ongoing projects services for migrant workers. The projects also covered employment, the ILO is currently implementing a project show that development cooperation interventions some specific categories predominantly occupied by promoting women workers’ employment in science, should be sensitive, among others, to the following: women, including care and domestic workers. technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) with access to relevant skills development. Another X (a) Spatial and sectoral dimensions must be Since 2009, projects on freedom of association and carefully considered in light of the differences in existing initiative is through the promotion of decent collective bargaining mainly aimed to improve application geographical endowments, levels of economic work in responsible supply chains among multinational of key Conventions,19 taking into account observations from development and socio-political conditions. enterprises (MNEs) with focus on the agriculture sector the ILO supervisory bodies particularly on Convention No. Targeted sectors for assistance such as women, through the promotion of the ILO and the OECD’s 87, covering violence against unionists and other obstacles children, the youth, persons with disabilities respective Declaration or guidance for MNEs. on the right to organize. While projects focused on (PWDs), elderly, the rural and urban poor are at workers’ rights, civil liberties and elimination of the climate risk of vulnerability or marginalization and have Labour market governance of impunity, they also addressed other related concerns inherently low tolerance for any risks, whether Projects under this broad area aimed to improve including social dialogue and dispute settlement. Gaps these be brought by natural disasters, armed remain in legislation, while achieving the impact of national conflict, weak governance or external factors like application of fundamental principles and rights reforms are also on the ground. financial crises. Measures to prepare, manage covering child labourers, domestic workers who are and remedy such risks should be embedded in all mostly women and migrant workers, as well as freedom development projects. of association and right to collective bargaining. Projects The labour inspection project established the institutional related to governance issues included labour inspection foundations of the Philippine labour inspection system to X (b) Government planning, programming and policy and occupational safety and health (OSH). better enforce labour standards. This created the priority implementation can overlap and be fragmented. features of the Labour Inspection-Labour Management A major area for development cooperation is to Combatting child labour has been a long standing Information System (LI-LMIS) which established systems, promote intra- and inter-agency coordination and initiative since 1994. This entailed national and sectoral cohesion on decent work outcomes. Interventions approaches which address children's issues in various A child is working in a plantation in Bacolod. Child labour has been of this nature should also involve the social contexts, including the worst forms of child labour. a long-standing issue in the face of poverty. Through the years, 18 Minimum Age Convention, 1973 (No. 138) and Worst Forms of Child the ILO has been combatting child labour through policies, pro- partners, the private sector, and nongovernment Through the years, ILO interventions covered integrated Labour Convention, 1990 (No. 182) grammes, and interventions that promote livelihood and decent and interrelated gender-sensitive approaches at the 19 organizations as much as possible. Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organize work opportunities. ©ILO/Joseph Fortin Convention, 1948 (No. 87) and Right to Organize and Collective Bargaining Convention, 1949 (No. 98) 16

2.5 National and international development planning frameworks

As a strategic roadmap for national stakeholders and medium-term development plan, the PDP 2017–22, which international partners in supporting the labour and has the following overarching targets: employment goals and priorities of the country, the X (a) The Philippines will be an upper middle-income DWCP 2020–24 aims to ensure synergies between country with per capita income increased from international and national development planning 3,500 US$ (PPP) in 2015 to 5,000 US$. frameworks. In the process, the DWCP seeks to: (a) promote policy and programme coherence; and (b) X (b) Growth will be more inclusive, with poverty determine the areas of cooperation which maximize the incidence reduced from 30 per cent in 2015 to 20 per use of the ILO’s institutional comparative advantage in cent in 2022 in the rural areas and from 21.6 per cent promoting social justice and addressing the need for a to 13–15 per cent overall, and subsistence incidence balanced distribution of attention and action across all from 8.1 per cent in 2015 to 5 per cent. four strategic objectives of decent work. X (c) The Philippines will have a high level of human At the global level, the DWCP is primarily aligned with development. Goal 8 of the SDG on decent work and inclusive growth as well as with other dimensions and strategies which X (d) Unemployment rate will be reduced from contribute to other Global Goals. These include decent 5.5 per cent in 2016 to 3–5 per cent. work outcomes and interventions on ending poverty (Goal 1); ensuring inclusive and equitable quality X (e) Youth unemployment rate will be reduced from education and promoting lifelong learning (Goal 4); 11 per cent in 2016 to 8 per cent. achieving gender equality (Goal 5); reducing inequality X (Goal 10); promoting peaceful and inclusive societies for (f) Underemployment rate will be reduced from sustainable development, and providing access to justice 19.7 per cent in 2016 to 16–18 per cent. for all and building effective, accountable and inclusive X (g) There will be greater trust in government and in institutions at all levels (Goal 16). society. The DWCP is seen as the ILO’s contribution to the UN X (h) Individuals and communities will be more resilient. Partnership Framework for Sustainable Development (PFSD) priorities for 2019–23. Specific components of X (i) Filipinos will have a greater drive for innovation. the DWCP is reflected in PFSD outcomes/intermediate outcomes. Green jobs is a prominent area of work linked These targets of the PDP are further reflected in more with the PFSD outcome on Prosperity and Planet21 which specific labour and employment outcomes under DOLE’s includes at the intermediate outcome level “promoting eight-point priority agenda where the strategic focus and creating decent and green jobs/livelihoods”. There is on effective policies and measures in addressing are also opportunities for decent work contributions to unemployment and underemployment; promoting other PSFD outcomes for People22 and Peace23 pillars. labour standards, the fundamental principles, and rights at work; strengthening protection and security Following the ILO’s Strategic Plan 2018–21, the DWCP of overseas Filipino workers (OFWs); and enhancing 2020–24 will not only reflect the priorities and aspirations social protection and welfare programmes. The agenda of tripartite constituents, but will also re-emphasize cross is sought to be pursued with workers’ and employers’ cutting decent work issues such as gender equality and participation through tripartism and social dialogue. environmental sustainability, along with international labour standards and social dialogue and tripartism. National and international development goals are aligned, interdependent and interconnected. The DWCP 2020–24 The DWCP is aligned with national development aims to provide a framework for achieving the common objectives such as the Constitution’s aspirations of a goals of these international and national development just and dynamic social order, equitable distribution plans to achieve social justice for all through equitable of opportunities, income and wealth, industrialization and inclusive economic growth, massive creation of and full employment, and protection and promotion decent work opportunities, and a society free of poverty of the rights and welfare of all Filipino workers. These and inequality. national goals are also articulated in the country’s long- term development plan, AmBisyon Natin 2040, and its

20PSFD Prosperity and Planet outcome statement: Urbanization, economic growth and climate change actions are converging for a resilient, equitable and sustainable development path for communities. 21PFSD People pillar: The most marginalized, vulnerable, and at risk people and groups benefit from more inclusive and quality services and live in more supportive environments where their nutrition, food security, and health are ensured and protected. 22 PFSD Peace pillar: National and local governments and key stakeholders recognize and share a common understanding of the diverse cultural history, identity and inequalities of areas affected by conflict, enabling the establishment of more inclusive and responsive governance systems, and accelerating sustainable and equitable development, for just and lasting peace in conflict-affected areas of Mindanao 23ILO Convention 87, Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organize Convention, 1948; and ILO Convention 98, Right to Organize and Collective Bargaining Convention, 1949.

However, it is also vital to ensure occupational safety and health and protect workers from dangers and accidents. ©ILO/Maxime Fossat Fossat ©ILO/Maxime accidents. and dangers from workers protect and health and safety occupational ensure to vital also is it However,

17 17

Safety and health risks in small businesses are high for workers. Local communities earn from traditional parol (lantern) making. making. (lantern) parol traditional from earn communities Local workers. for high are businesses small in risks health and Safety 16 17 17 However, it is also vital to ensure occupational safety and health and protect workers from dangers and accidents. ©ILO/Maxime Fossat Fossat ©ILO/Maxime accidents. and dangers from workers protect and health and safety occupational ensure to vital also is it However,

2.5 National and international development planning frameworks

Collective Bargaining Convention, 1949.

17 17

outcomes and priorities Country Country priorities and outcomes DWCP 2020–24 03 DWCP DWCP03 2020–24 © ILO/Marcel Crozet ILO/Marcel © © ILO/Marcel Crozet 18 19

3.1 Priorities, action points and desired outcomes

Given the country context, DWCP 2020–24 will Consistent with the Bali Declaration,24 the have four action points: action points or strategies to be prioritized will include international labour standards as key 1) supply-side measures to improve the benchmarks; capacity-building to enhance the economy’s capacity to produce, particularly in efficiency, effectiveness, technical knowledge, continuously developing and optimizing the management and leadership of institutions utilization of human resources for productive and and stakeholders; and demonstration projects remunerative work; to promote experimentation, innovation, and 2) demand-side measures to create adequate collaboration between and among stakeholders. opportunities for equal access to productive, From the standpoint of decent work and inclusive remunerative and decent work within the domestic growth, the transformations and outcomes will be economy; measured according to growth with employment, rights at work, and social protection for all. 3) social protection measures to provide a balanced, accessible and effective mix of active Specific outcomes and interventions in pursuit and passive labour market measures and social of these priorities shall take into consideration programmes; and sectoral, spatial and geographical differences. In all outcomes, gender equality and non- 4) institutional and governance measures discrimination, social dialogue, international labour consisting of appropriate policies, laws, and standards, and environmental sustainability are governance mechanisms to ensure that the rights also incorporated as cross-cutting concerns. and opportunities of workers, employers and all stakeholders are not only recognized but also DWCP 2020–24 recognizes the peculiar effectively realized. development challenges in BARMM, which, with a new political structure in place, has entered a highly critical phase in developing all its institutions, including decent work and labour Three national priorities market governance institutions. will be supported: The succeeding section provides a brief description of the desired country priority outcomes, key X (i) Productive, remunerative, outputs that will be produced, and major enabling freely chosen, green, and activities per outcome. Together with expected sustainable work and progress indicators and milestones per DWCP employment opportunities country priority outcome, these resources and available for all Filipino their links with the ILO’s P&B indicators are women and men willing to discussed further in the DWCP results monitoring work plan and the DWCP implementation monitoring plan. X (ii) Improved labour market governance (including strengthened capacity of workers’ and employers’ 18 Minimum Age Convention, 1973 (No. 138) and Worst Forms organizations to effectively of Child Labour Convention, 1990 (No. 182) 19 participate in and influence Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organize Convention, 1948 (No. 87) and Right to Organize policy and decision-making and Collective Bargaining Convention, 1949 (No. 98) processes) which ensures respect for all fundamental principles and rights at work, international labour standards and human rights

X (iii) Equitable social protection that is available and accessible Country priorities and outcomes to all DWCP03 2020–24 © ILO/Marcel Crozet 20

3.2 Priority 1

Productive, remunerative, freely chosen, green and sustainable work opportunities are available for all Filipinos willing to work

Priority 1 aims to help address constraints on The main Outcomes under Priority 1 are as follows: the supply and demand sides of creating decent X Outcome 1.1 Men and women (especially the employment and work opportunities. It directly links youth and other groups at risk of vulnerability with the following goals and targets of the 2030 or marginalization) acquire appropriate Agenda (see Annex 1): competencies and have access to and engage in X SDG 8 on decent work and economic growth remunerative and productive work

X SDG 4 on quality education and lifelong learning X Outcome 1.2 Enhanced enabling environment, with better-informed, more responsive policies, X SDG 5 on gender equality programmes and institutions to promote the development and creation of sustainable and Priority 1 highlights the importance of responsive resilient enterprises in the entire value/supply technical and vocational training programmes and the chain, particularly for MSMEs development of a skilled labour force as requisites for decent work; and the need to increase the capacity X Outcome 1.3 Better-informed, more responsive, of micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in mainstreamed policies and programmes, creating decent work opportunities. Priority 1 also targeting groups in situations of vulnerability particularly includes cross-cutting concerns of gender and marginalization including those affected mainstreaming and environmental sustainability by all forms of discrimination (particularly especially in developing more informed employment sex- and gender-based), transition towards a policies, and programmes for equality and elimination green economy; technological changes, natural of all forms of discrimination. It also highlights the disasters, and armed conflicts just transition towards a green, sustainable economy and toward socio-political stability in areas affected A group of technician trainees work on a piece of aircraft by conflicts, as well as early recovery toward a better outer shell at the Technical Education and Skills Development Authority, Phlippine (TESDA). © ILO/Ruben Dela Cruz normal during pandemics. 21 20

3.2 Priority 1 Figure 3. Theory of change: Enhancing human resource competencies

Productive, remunerative, freely chosen, green and sustainable work opportunities are available for all Filipinos willing to work

Outcome 1.1 aims to help address the supply-side of the The targeted changes include (i) reduced incidence problem on how to increase labour force participation, of the youth population who are considered not employability and labour productivity, and how to in education, employment and training (NEET); equalize opportunity and access to technical and (ii) increased employability of TVET graduates; and vocational education and training (TVET) of groups (iii) improvement in the performance of government at particular risk of vulnerability or marginalization. agencies involved in the development, delivery and The logic of desired results and interventions under certification of technical vocational courses and job Outcome 1.1 is shown in Figure 3. matching of graduates. Outcome 1.1 has the following means of action and significant output:

X Implementing partnership/cooperation agreements between industry and TVET institutions supported Assessment of skills training programmes for groups X Skills training programmes developed. at risk of vulnerability or marginalization, including X internally displaced persons (IDPs), indigenous peoples Demonstration or pilot projects developed and (IPs), and persons with disabilities (PWDs) supported Assessment of skills training programmes administered X Skills training programmes developed and by employers’ and workers’ organizations upgraded

X Training module for employers’ and workers’ organizations to manage and administer developed and upgraded training programmes for their employees or members Assessment and development of labour market X Technical assistance to develop real-time, information services provided by government and technology-based and interconnected labour employers’ and workers’ organizations market information networks

X Supported demonstration or pilot projects of labour market information services operated and administered by employers’ and workers’ organizations

Republic Act No. 10771 (2016). (2016). 10771 No. Act Republic

28 28

Republic Act No. 11032 (2018), amending Republic Act No. 9487 (Anti-Red Tape Act of 2007). 2007). of Act Tape (Anti-Red 9487 No. Act Republic amending (2018), 11032 No. Act Republic

27 27

edited by Trebor Scholz and Nathan Schneider Schneider Nathan and Scholz Trebor by edited

“Ours to Hack and To Own: The Rise of Platform Cooperativism: A New Vision for the Future of Work and a Fairer Internet (2016). Anthology selection selection Anthology (2016). Internet Fairer a and Work of Future the for Vision New A Cooperativism: Platform of Rise The Own: To and Hack to “Ours

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of government agencies incorporating sustainable sustainable incorporating agencies government of

decent work practices; and increase in the number number the in increase and practices; work decent

incentives under the Green Jobs Act Act Jobs Green the under incentives while adopting adopting while

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Outcome 1.2 is shown in Figure 4. . 4 Figure in shown is 1.2 Outcome

green technologies and availing of employment-related employment-related of availing and technologies green

The logic of desired results and interventions under under interventions and results desired of logic The

number of enterprises shifting to productivity-enhancing productivity-enhancing to shifting enterprises of number

and decent work opportunities in local communities. communities. local in opportunities work decent and

small and big enterprises and trade access); increase the the increase access); trade and enterprises big and small

enterprises which create socially responsible businesses businesses responsible socially create which enterprises

linkages (namely, upstream and downstream linkages of of linkages downstream and upstream (namely, linkages

LGU level to support Social Solidarity Economy (SSE) (SSE) Economy Solidarity Social support to level LGU

services to industry) as well as value-chain and market market and value-chain as well as industry) to services

this can establish a community investment fund at the the at fund investment community a establish can this

effective industry linkages (namely, agriculture to to agriculture (namely, linkages industry effective

to becoming technology-platform owners. In addition, addition, In owners. technology-platform becoming to

and removing barriers to financial access; demonstrate demonstrate access; financial to barriers removing and

capital access to workers to facilitate their transition transition their facilitate to workers to access capital

tape pursuant to the new Ease of Doing Business Act Act Business Doing of Ease new the to pursuant tape

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resources such as training, technology, and financial financial and technology, training, as such resources

activities that promote entrepreneurship by reducing red red reducing by entrepreneurship promote that activities

Acceleration which provide support mechanisms and and mechanisms support provide which Acceleration

This outcome will give preference to interventions and and interventions to preference give will outcome This

projects from the Platform Cooperatives Incubation and and Incubation Cooperatives Platform the from projects

one behind in Ambisyon Natin 2040 and the 2030 Agenda. Agenda. 2030 the and 2040 Natin Ambisyon in behind one

sustainable enterprises. This can include demonstration demonstration include can This enterprises. sustainable

2017–2022; the goal of inclusive growth and of leaving no no leaving of and growth inclusive of goal the ; 2017–2022

and promoting socially responsible and environmentally environmentally and responsible socially promoting and

and rural and value chain development strategy of PDP PDP of strategy development chain value and rural and

regulatory costs, promoting access to credit facilities, facilities, credit to access promoting costs, regulatory

the context of supporting the agricultural modernization, modernization, agricultural the supporting of context the

in doing business, including reducing red tape and and tape red reducing including business, doing in

agriculture will be given special attention, particularly in in particularly attention, special given be will agriculture

and market linkages; and (ii) enhanced environment environment enhanced (ii) and linkages; market and

Micro- and small enterprises linked with with linked enterprises small and Micro- cooperativism. cooperativism.

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agriculture, and strengthened industry, value-chain value-chain industry, strengthened and agriculture,

alternative digital business model. This is called platform platform called is This model. business digital alternative

sustainable decent work opportunities, particularly in in particularly opportunities, work decent sustainable

enterprises (including worker-owned) can serve as an an as serve can worker-owned) (including enterprises

contribution of MSMEs and cooperatives in creating creating in cooperatives and MSMEs of contribution

and cooperatives. The digital platforms for these these for platforms digital The cooperatives. and

With this, the targeted changes are (i) enhanced enhanced (i) are changes targeted the this, With

in the entire value/supply chain, particularly MSMEs MSMEs particularly chain, value/supply entire the in

and creation of sustainable and resilient enterprises opportunities in both the short- and long-term. long-term. and short- the both in opportunities enterprises resilient and sustainable of creation and

and capacity of institutions to promote the development their potentials in creating decent and sustainable work work sustainable and decent creating in potentials their development the promote to institutions of capacity and

interventions that will enhance the policy environment development. It will seek to help enterprises optimize optimize enterprises help to seek will It development. environment policy the enhance will that interventions

constraints of employment creation by focusing on their organizational outcomes related to enterprise enterprise to related outcomes organizational their on focusing by creation employment of constraints

Outcome 1.2 aims to help address the demand-side environment with decent work measurements in in measurements work decent with environment demand-side the address help to aims 1.2 Outcome

lack of job training for the high number of low-skilled, seasonal and migrant workers. © ILO/M. Fossat Fossat ILO/M. © workers. migrant and seasonal low-skilled, of number high the for training job of lack

Agriculture is among the most hazardous sectors for workers of all ages, due to the nature of work and frequent frequent and work of nature the to due ages, all of workers for sectors hazardous most the among is Agriculture

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DWCP means of action (activities supported) Significant output Assessment and analysis of TVET programmes and X Labour market projections skills certification standards in relation to anticipated X skills demand and internationally recognized skills Training and certification curriculum and standards aligned with national goals, industry standard Agriculture is among the most hazardous sectors for workers of all ages, due to the nature of work and frequent frequent and work of nature the to due ages, all of workers for sectors hazardous most the among is Agriculture requirements and international skills and lack of job training for the high number of low-skilled, seasonal and migrant workers. © ILO/M. Fossat Fossat ILO/M. © workers. migrant and seasonal low-skilled, of number high the for training job of lack competency standards

X Implementing partnership/cooperation agreements between industry and TVET institutions supported Outcome 1.2 aims to help address the demand-side environment with decent work measurements in in measurements work decent with environment demand-side the address help to aims 1.2 Outcome constraints of employment creation by focusing on their organizational outcomes related to enterprise enterprise to related outcomes organizational their on focusing by creation employment of constraints X Assessment of skills training programmes for groups Skills training programmes developed. interventions that will enhance the policy environment development. It will seek to help enterprises optimize optimize enterprises help to seek will It development. environment policy the enhance will that interventions at risk of vulnerability or marginalization, including and capacity of institutions to promote the development their potentials in creating decent and sustainable work work sustainable and decent creating in potentials their development the promote to institutions of capacity and X Demonstration or pilot projects developed and internally displaced persons (IDPs), indigenous peoples and creation of sustainable and resilient enterprises opportunities in both the short- and long-term. long-term. and short- the both in opportunities enterprises resilient and sustainable of creation and supported (IPs), and persons with disabilities (PWDs) in the entire value/supply chain, particularly MSMEs MSMEs particularly chain, value/supply entire the in With this, the targeted changes are (i) enhanced enhanced (i) are changes targeted the this, With and cooperatives. The digital platforms for these these for platforms digital The cooperatives. and Assessment of skills training programmes administered X Skills training programmes developed and contribution of MSMEs and cooperatives in creating creating in cooperatives and MSMEs of contribution enterprises (including worker-owned) can serve as an an as serve can worker-owned) (including enterprises by employers’ and workers’ organizations upgraded sustainable decent work opportunities, particularly in in particularly opportunities, work decent sustainable alternative digital business model. This is called platform platform called is This model. business digital alternative agriculture, and strengthened industry, value-chain value-chain industry, strengthened and agriculture, X Training module for employers’ and workers’ cooperativism.26 Micro- and small enterprises linked with with linked enterprises small and Micro- 26 cooperativism. and market linkages; and (ii) enhanced environment environment enhanced (ii) and linkages; market and organizations to manage and administer agriculture will be given special attention, particularly in in particularly attention, special given be will agriculture in doing business, including reducing red tape and and tape red reducing including business, doing in the context of supporting the agricultural modernization, modernization, agricultural the supporting of context the developed and upgraded training programmes regulatory costs, promoting access to credit facilities, facilities, credit to access promoting costs, regulatory and rural and value chain development strategy of PDP PDP of strategy development chain value and rural and for their employees or members and promoting socially responsible and environmentally environmentally and responsible socially promoting and 2017–2022; the goal of inclusive growth and of leaving no no leaving of and growth inclusive of goal the ; 2017–2022 X sustainable enterprises. This can include demonstration demonstration include can This enterprises. sustainable Assessment and development of labour market Technical assistance to develop real-time, one behind in Ambisyon Natin 2040 and the 2030 Agenda. Agenda. 2030 the and 2040 Natin Ambisyon in behind one projects from the Platform Cooperatives Incubation and and Incubation Cooperatives Platform the from projects information services provided by government and technology-based and interconnected labour This outcome will give preference to interventions and and interventions to preference give will outcome This Acceleration which provide support mechanisms and and mechanisms support provide which Acceleration employers’ and workers’ organizations market information networks activities that promote entrepreneurship by reducing red red reducing by entrepreneurship promote that activities resources such as training, technology, and financial financial and technology, training, as such resources tape pursuant to the new Ease of Doing Business Act27 27 Act Business Doing of Ease new the to pursuant tape X Supported demonstration or pilot projects of capital access to workers to facilitate their transition transition their facilitate to workers to access capital and removing barriers to financial access; demonstrate demonstrate access; financial to barriers removing and labour market information services operated to becoming technology-platform owners. In addition, addition, In owners. technology-platform becoming to effective industry linkages (namely, agriculture to to agriculture (namely, linkages industry effective and administered by employers’ and workers’ this can establish a community investment fund at the the at fund investment community a establish can this services to industry) as well as value-chain and market market and value-chain as well as industry) to services organizations LGU level to support Social Solidarity Economy (SSE) (SSE) Economy Solidarity Social support to level LGU linkages (namely, upstream and downstream linkages of of linkages downstream and upstream (namely, linkages enterprises which create socially responsible businesses businesses responsible socially create which enterprises small and big enterprises and trade access); increase the the increase access); trade and enterprises big and small and decent work opportunities in local communities. communities. local in opportunities work decent and number of enterprises shifting to productivity-enhancing productivity-enhancing to shifting enterprises of number The logic of desired results and interventions under under interventions and results desired of logic The green technologies and availing of employment-related employment-related of availing and technologies green Outcome 1.2 is shown in Figure 4. . 4 Figure in shown is 1.2 Outcome incentives under the Green Jobs Act28 while adopting adopting while 28 Act Jobs Green the under incentives decent work practices; and increase in the number number the in increase and practices; work decent of government agencies incorporating sustainable sustainable incorporating agencies government of

26 “Ours to Hack and To Own: The Rise of Platform Cooperativism: A New Vision for the Future of Work and a Fairer Internet (2016). Anthology selection selection Anthology (2016). Internet Fairer a and Work of Future the for Vision New A Cooperativism: Platform of Rise The Own: To and Hack to “Ours 26 edited by Trebor Scholz and Nathan Schneider Schneider Nathan and Scholz Trebor by edited 27Republic Act No. 11032 (2018), amending Republic Act No. 9487 (Anti-Red Tape Act of 2007). 2007). of Act Tape (Anti-Red 9487 No. Act Republic amending (2018), 11032 No. Act Republic 27 28Republic Act No. 10771 (2016). (2016). 10771 No. Act Republic 28 24

Figure 4. Theory of change: Creating an enabling environment for sustainable and resilient businesses and MSMEs 24 25

Figure 4. Theory of change: Creating an enabling environment for sustainable and resilient businesses and MSMEs

The actions and significant outputs under Outcome 1.2 are be as follows:

DWCP means of action (activities supported) Significant output Assessment on the implementation of the simplified X Technical paper with recommendations on special business permit licensing system (BPLS) under the requirements and expedited procedures for MSME Ease of Doing Business Act29 for MSMEs, including registration linkage between Government’s MSME interventions X on entrepreneurship development and business Training module for MSMEs on business planning, start-up, expansion or survival product development and marketing X Advocacy papers/materials supported by case studies of good practices on effective government interventions in promoting MSME development through green technologies and decent work practices

Mapping of areas and products for the establishment X Action programme for operationalization of area or of technologically enhanced common facilities product-based common facilities for MSMEs to promote MSME productivity, innovation, X competitiveness and linkage to the value/supply Demonstration or pilot projects in the form of area- chain based or product-based “Innovation Hubs” supported X Demonstration project for Platform Cooperatives Incubation and Acceleration Hub

X Pilot/demonstration projects on the establishment of a community investment fund at the LGU level to support Social Solidarity Economy (SSE) enterprises

Development of technical assistance and capacity- X Action programme for business/employers’ building programmes for MSMEs,30 including organizations in setting up business advisory/assistance toolkits31 to enhance sustainability of micro- and small and trainers’ training services for MSMEs, including enterprises, social enterprises and cooperatives, with Social Solidarity Economy (SSE) enterprises focus on facilitating access to finance, improving X productivity, upgrading processes and technologies, Advocacy papers/materials supported by case studies of incorporating green and sustainable practices, and good practices of socially compliant MSMEs in the supply promoting linkages in supply/value chain chain and success stories of businesses benefitting from business advisory/assistance programme

X Advocacy papers/materials supported by case studies of good practices and success stories of MSMEs benefitting from employment-related incentives under the Green Jobs Act and adopting decent work practices

Mapping/forecasting of areas, industries or X Action programme for identified areas or industries enterprises likely to benefit or to be adversely X affected by technological change, climate change and Demonstration or pilot projects developed and adaptation to green technologies supported Support the advocacy of government and the social X Tripartite action programme to promote sustainable partners to promote sustainable environment and environment and just transition in enterprises, just transition communities, industries and in the supply/value chain

29Under Republic Act No. 11032, otherwise known as Ease of Doing Business Act [2018]. 30Rephrased from Bali Declaration. 31Toolkits may be developed using existing ILO tools such as Start and Improve Your Business (SIYB), Women's Entrepreneurship Development (WED), Sustaining Competitive and Responsible Enterprise (SCORE) and other training courses on social finance, cooperatives and social and solidarity economy (SSE).

incidence of women working longer hours than than hours longer working women of incidence incidence of women working longer hours than

reduced pay gap between men and women; reduced reduced women; and men between gap pay reduced reduced pay gap between men and women; reduced

. 5 Figure in shown is 1.2 Outcome Outcome 1.2 is shown in Figure 5. peoples, persons with disabilities and older workers; workers; older and disabilities with persons peoples, peoples, persons with disabilities and older workers;

The logic of desired results and interventions under under interventions and results desired of logic The The logic of desired results and interventions under marginalized or excluded groups such as indigenous indigenous as such groups excluded or marginalized marginalized or excluded groups such as indigenous

a just transition to other decent work opportunities. opportunities. work decent other to transition just a a just transition to other decent work opportunities. participation rate of women, the youth and other other and youth the women, of rate participation participation rate of women, the youth and other

is to make them more prepared and empowered for for empowered and prepared more them make to is is to make them more prepared and empowered for under this target include increase in the labour force force labour the in increase include target this under under this target include increase in the labour force

for Peace and Resilience, 2017. The targeted change change targeted The 2017. Resilience, and Peace for for Peace and Resilience, 2017. The targeted change ethnic or social origin and age. The specific indicators indicators specific The age. and origin social or ethnic ethnic or social origin and age. The specific indicators

into account ILO Recommendation 205, Decent Work Work Decent 205, Recommendation ILO account into into account ILO Recommendation 205, Decent Work particularly those based on sex, gender, disability, disability, gender, sex, on based those particularly particularly those based on sex, gender, disability,

environmental and technological changes, taking taking changes, technological and environmental environmental and technological changes, taking measures to eliminate all forms of discrimination discrimination of forms all eliminate to measures measures to eliminate all forms of discrimination

disasters or emergencies or by political, social, social, political, by or emergencies or disasters disasters or emergencies or by political, social, mainstreaming into all policies and programmes, programmes, and policies all into mainstreaming mainstreaming into all policies and programmes,

vulnerability or marginalization in times of natural natural of times in marginalization or vulnerability vulnerability or marginalization in times of natural of barriers inherent to individual workers by by workers individual to inherent barriers of of barriers inherent to individual workers by

Second, it focuses on groups at particular risk of of risk particular at groups on focuses it Second, Second, it focuses on groups at particular risk of First, it focuses on the progressive elimination elimination progressive the on focuses it First, First, it focuses on the progressive elimination

responsibility. responsibility. responsibility. ): 5 Figure ( changes two targets It occupation. occupation. It targets two changes (Figure 5):

and other specific groups in positions of higher higher of positions in groups specific other and and other specific groups in positions of higher opportunity and treatment in employment and and employment in treatment and opportunity opportunity and treatment in employment and

normal; and increase in the proportion of women women of proportion the in increase and normal; normal; and increase in the proportion of women aims to help promote equal equal promote help to aims 1.3 Outcome Outcome 1.3 aims to help promote equal

labour force participation rate of women and increase the proportion of women in middle and upper management positions. ©ILO/Maxime Fossat ©ILO/Maxime positions. management upper and middle in women of proportion the increase and women of rate participation force labour labour force participation rate of women and increase the proportion of women in middle and upper management positions. ©ILO/Maxime Fossat

a disproportionate representation of women in industries that require more cognitive skills than physical strength. Outcome 1.3 aims to promote promote to aims 1.3 Outcome strength. physical than skills cognitive more require that industries in women of representation disproportionate a a disproportionate representation of women in industries that require more cognitive skills than physical strength. Outcome 1.3 aims to promote

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A 2019 study by NEDA revealed there is higher absorptive capacity of women workers in the services and manufacturing sectors, while it there is is there it while sectors, manufacturing and services the in workers women of capacity absorptive higher is there revealed NEDA by study 2019 A A 2019 study by NEDA revealed there is higher absorptive capacity of women workers in the services and manufacturing sectors, while it there is a disproportionate representation of women in industries that require more cognitive skills than physical strength. Outcome 1.3 aims to promote promote to aims 1.3 Outcome strength. physical than skills cognitive more require that industries in women of representation disproportionate a a disproportionate representation of women in industries that require more cognitive skills than physical strength. Outcome 1.3 aims to promote labour force participation rate of women and increase the proportion of women in middle and upper management positions. ©ILO/Maxime Fossat ©ILO/Maxime positions. management upper and middle in women of proportion the increase and women of rate participation force labour labour force participation rate of women and increase the proportion of women in middle and upper management positions. ©ILO/Maxime Fossat

normal; and increase in the proportion of women women of proportion the in increase and normal; equal promote help to aims 1.3 Outcome Outcome 1.3 aims to help promote equal normal; and increase in the proportion of women and other specific groups in positions of higher higher of positions in groups specific other and and employment in treatment and opportunity opportunity and treatment in employment and and other specific groups in positions of higher responsibility. responsibility. ): 5 Figure ( changes two targets It occupation. occupation. It targets two changes (Figure 5): responsibility. Second, it focuses on groups at particular risk of of risk particular at groups on focuses it Second, elimination progressive the on focuses it First, First, it focuses on the progressive elimination Second, it focuses on groups at particular risk of vulnerability or marginalization in times of natural natural of times in marginalization or vulnerability by workers individual to inherent barriers of of barriers inherent to individual workers by vulnerability or marginalization in times of natural disasters or emergencies or by political, social, social, political, by or emergencies or disasters programmes, and policies all into mainstreaming mainstreaming into all policies and programmes, disasters or emergencies or by political, social, environmental and technological changes, taking taking changes, technological and environmental discrimination of forms all eliminate to measures measures to eliminate all forms of discrimination environmental and technological changes, taking into account ILO Recommendation 205, Decent Work Work Decent 205, Recommendation ILO account into disability, gender, sex, on based those particularly particularly those based on sex, gender, disability, into account ILO Recommendation 205, Decent Work for Peace and Resilience, 2017. The targeted change change targeted The 2017. Resilience, and Peace for indicators specific The age. and origin social or ethnic ethnic or social origin and age. The specific indicators for Peace and Resilience, 2017. The targeted change is to make them more prepared and empowered for for empowered and prepared more them make to is force labour the in increase include target this under under this target include increase in the labour force is to make them more prepared and empowered for a just transition to other decent work opportunities. opportunities. work decent other to transition just a other and youth the women, of rate participation participation rate of women, the youth and other a just transition to other decent work opportunities. The logic of desired results and interventions under under interventions and results desired of logic The indigenous as such groups excluded or marginalized marginalized or excluded groups such as indigenous The logic of desired results and interventions under . 5 Figure in shown is 1.2 Outcome workers; older and disabilities with persons peoples, peoples, persons with disabilities and older workers; Outcome 1.2 is shown in Figure 5. reduced pay gap between men and women; reduced reduced women; and men between gap pay reduced reduced pay gap between men and women; reduced incidence of women working longer hours than than hours longer working women of incidence incidence of women working longer hours than 26 27

Figure 5. Theory of change: Better-informed, more responsive and discrimination-free programmes toward inclusivity and equality

A 2019 study by NEDA revealed there is higher absorptive capacity of women workers in the services and manufacturing sectors, while it there is a disproportionate representation of women in industries that require more cognitive skills than physical strength. Outcome 1.3 aims to promote labour force participation rate of women and increase the proportion of women in middle and upper management positions. ©ILO/Maxime Fossat

Outcome 1.3 aims to help promote equal normal; and increase in the proportion of women opportunity and treatment in employment and and other specific groups in positions of higher occupation. It targets two changes (Figure 5): responsibility. First, it focuses on the progressive elimination Second, it focuses on groups at particular risk of of barriers inherent to individual workers by vulnerability or marginalization in times of natural mainstreaming into all policies and programmes, disasters or emergencies or by political, social, measures to eliminate all forms of discrimination environmental and technological changes, taking particularly those based on sex, gender, disability, into account ILO Recommendation 205, Decent Work ethnic or social origin and age. The specific indicators for Peace and Resilience, 2017. The targeted change under this target include increase in the labour force is to make them more prepared and empowered for participation rate of women, the youth and other a just transition to other decent work opportunities. marginalized or excluded groups such as indigenous The logic of desired results and interventions under peoples, persons with disabilities and older workers; Outcome 1.2 is shown in Figure 5. reduced pay gap between men and women; reduced incidence of women working longer hours than

Recommendations requiring legislation will be part of the comprehensive legislative agenda under Priority 3 Priority under agenda legislative comprehensive the of part be will legislation requiring Recommendations Recommendations requiring legislation will be part of the comprehensive legislative agenda under Priority 3

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citizens’ charters or codes of conduct of codes or charters citizens’ citizens’ charters or codes of conduct

principles in their work and financial plans, plans, financial and work their in principles principles in their work and financial plans,

to institutionalize sustainable and just transition transition just and sustainable institutionalize to to institutionalize sustainable and just transition

Advocacy linkages with government agencies agencies government with linkages Advocacy Advocacy linkages with government agencies X X

and just transition just and and just transition

chain. chain. chain. partners to promote sustainable environment environment sustainable promote to partners partners to promote sustainable environment

among affected workers in the supply/value supply/value the in workers affected among among affected workers in the supply/value Support advocacy of government and social social and government of advocacy Support Support advocacy of government and social

sustainable environment and just transition transition just and environment sustainable sustainable environment and just transition

Tripartite action programme to promote promote to programme action Tripartite Tripartite action programme to promote X X

conflict of situations situations of conflict supported supported

climate change, green technologies and and technologies green change, climate climate change, green technologies and

Demonstration or pilot projects developed and and developed projects pilot or Demonstration Demonstration or pilot projects developed and X X

change, technological of effects the to adapt adapt to the effects of technological change,

industries industries enable workers and employers to strategically strategically to employers and workers enable enable workers and employers to strategically

Action programme for identified areas or or areas identified for programme Action Action programme for identified areas or Mapping/forecasting of areas or industries to to industries or areas of Mapping/forecasting Mapping/forecasting of areas or industries to X X

accessible accessible

activities must be disability-inclusive and PWD PWD and disability-inclusive be must activities activities must be disability-inclusive and PWD

or codes of conduct; Advocacy materials and and materials Advocacy conduct; of codes or or codes of conduct; Advocacy materials and

charters citizens’ plans, financial and work their their work and financial plans, citizens’ charters

measures including redress mechanisms in in mechanisms redress including measures measures including redress mechanisms in

institutionalize equality and non-discrimination non-discrimination and equality institutionalize institutionalize equality and non-discrimination

(namely, NGAs, LGUs, GOCCs and SUCs) to to SUCs) and GOCCs LGUs, NGAs, (namely, (namely, NGAs, LGUs, GOCCs and SUCs) to

Advocacy linkages with government agencies agencies government with linkages Advocacy Advocacy linkages with government agencies X X

supply/value chains supply/value supply/value chains policies in the public and private sector private and public the in policies policies in the public and private sector

inclusion policies in enterprises, industries and and industries enterprises, in policies inclusion inclusion policies in enterprises, industries and discrimination, and diversity and inclusion inclusion and diversity and discrimination, discrimination, and diversity and inclusion

equality, non-discrimination, and diversity and and diversity and non-discrimination, equality, equality, non-discrimination, and diversity and partners to promote gender equality, non- equality, gender promote to partners partners to promote gender equality, non-

Tripartite action programme to promote gender gender promote to programme action Tripartite Tripartite action programme to promote gender Support advocacy of government and social social and government of advocacy Support Support advocacy of government and social X X

training in the public and private sector private and public the in training training in the public and private sector

discrimination at work and in education and and education in and work at discrimination discrimination at work and in education and

to prevent, correct and remedy all forms of of forms all remedy and correct prevent, to to prevent, correct and remedy all forms of

and institutional reforms institutional and and institutional reforms institutions designed to promote equality and and equality promote to designed institutions institutions designed to promote equality and

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Technical report with recommendations for policy policy for recommendations with report Technical Technical report with recommendations for policy Impact assessment of policies, laws and and laws policies, of assessment Impact Impact assessment of policies, laws and X X

supported) supported)

Significant output Significant Significant output

DWCP means of action (activities (activities action of means DWCP DWCP means of action (activities

appears below: appears 1.3 Outcome under activities enabling and outputs Priority Priority outputs and enabling activities under Outcome 1.3 appears below:

A tyre factory supervisor discusses the TPM Autonomous Maintenance Activity Board with employees. © ILO/Ruben Dela Cruz Dela ILO/Ruben © employees. with Board Activity Maintenance Autonomous TPM the discusses supervisor factory tyre A A tyre factory supervisor discusses the TPM Autonomous Maintenance Activity Board with employees. © ILO/Ruben Dela Cruz

28 28

appears below: appears 1.3 Outcome under activities enabling and outputs Priority Priority outputs and enabling activities under Outcome 1.3 appears below:

DWCP means of action (activities (activities action of means DWCP DWCP means of action (activities Significant output Significant supported) supported) Significant output Technical report with recommendations for policy policy for recommendations with report Technical X and laws policies, of assessment Impact Impact assessment of policies, laws and X Technical report with recommendations for policy 32 reforms institutional and and equality promote to designed institutions institutions designed to promote equality and and institutional reforms32 to prevent, correct and remedy all forms of of forms all remedy and correct prevent, to to prevent, correct and remedy all forms of discrimination at work and in education and and education in and work at discrimination discrimination at work and in education and training in the public and private sector private and public the in training training in the public and private sector

Tripartite action programme to promote gender gender promote to programme action Tripartite X social and government of advocacy Support Support advocacy of government and social X Tripartite action programme to promote gender equality, non-discrimination, and diversity and and diversity and non-discrimination, equality, non- equality, gender promote to partners partners to promote gender equality, non- equality, non-discrimination, and diversity and inclusion policies in enterprises, industries and and industries enterprises, in policies inclusion inclusion and diversity and discrimination, discrimination, and diversity and inclusion inclusion policies in enterprises, industries and supply/value chains supply/value sector private and public the in policies policies in the public and private sector supply/value chains

Advocacy linkages with government agencies agencies government with linkages Advocacy X X Advocacy linkages with government agencies (namely, NGAs, LGUs, GOCCs and SUCs) to to SUCs) and GOCCs LGUs, NGAs, (namely, (namely, NGAs, LGUs, GOCCs and SUCs) to institutionalize equality and non-discrimination non-discrimination and equality institutionalize institutionalize equality and non-discrimination measures including redress mechanisms in in mechanisms redress including measures measures including redress mechanisms in charters citizens’ plans, financial and work their their work and financial plans, citizens’ charters or codes of conduct; Advocacy materials and and materials Advocacy conduct; of codes or or codes of conduct; Advocacy materials and activities must be disability-inclusive and PWD PWD and disability-inclusive be must activities activities must be disability-inclusive and PWD accessible accessible Action programme for identified areas or or areas identified for programme Action X to industries or areas of Mapping/forecasting Mapping/forecasting of areas or industries to X Action programme for identified areas or industries strategically to employers and workers enable enable workers and employers to strategically industries change, technological of effects the to adapt adapt to the effects of technological change, X X Demonstration or pilot projects developed and and developed projects pilot or Demonstration and technologies green change, climate climate change, green technologies and Demonstration or pilot projects developed and supported conflict of situations situations of conflict supported Tripartite action programme to promote promote to programme action Tripartite X X Tripartite action programme to promote sustainable environment and just transition transition just and environment sustainable sustainable environment and just transition among affected workers in the supply/value supply/value the in workers affected among social and government of advocacy Support Support advocacy of government and social among affected workers in the supply/value chain. chain. environment sustainable promote to partners partners to promote sustainable environment chain. and just transition just and and just transition Advocacy linkages with government agencies agencies government with linkages Advocacy X X Advocacy linkages with government agencies to institutionalize sustainable and just transition transition just and sustainable institutionalize to to institutionalize sustainable and just transition principles in their work and financial plans, plans, financial and work their in principles principles in their work and financial plans, citizens’ charters or codes of conduct of codes or charters citizens’ citizens’ charters or codes of conduct

Recommendations requiring legislation will be part of the comprehensive legislative agenda under Priority 3 Priority under agenda legislative comprehensive the of part be will legislation requiring Recommendations 32 32 Recommendations requiring legislation will be part of the comprehensive legislative agenda under Priority 3 28 29

3.3 Priority 2

Improved labour market governance (including strengthened capacity of workers’ and employers’ organizations to effectively participate in and influence policy and decision-making processes) which ensures respect for all fundamental principles and rights at work, international labour standards and human rights

Priority 2 supports the national goals of people- X Outcome 2.2 Improved capacity of labour centred, clean and efficient governance; pursuing administration authorities with support of the swift and fair administration of justice; and reducing social partners to implement and enforce core vulnerability of individuals and families. It directly labour standards and all GLS, OSHS and social A tyre factory supervisor discusses the TPM Autonomous Maintenance Activity Board with employees. © ILO/Ruben Dela Cruz links with the following goals and targets of the UN and welfare legislations; and to eliminate all 2030 Agenda (see Annex 1): forms of unacceptable work X X Priority outputs and enabling activities under Outcome 1.3 appears below: SDG 8 on decent work and economic growth Outcome 2.3 Strengthened, modernized and balanced policy, legal and institutional X SDG 10 on reducing inequality frameworks on labour protection for all including DWCP means of action (activities migrant workers, workers in the informal Significant output X SDG 16 on peace, justice and strong institutions supported) economy and in non-standard or atypical employment arrangements Impact assessment of policies, laws and X Technical report with recommendations for policy As the recognized national authority in charge institutions designed to promote equality and and institutional reforms32 of labour and employment, DOLE has a leading role for most of the outcomes under Priority 2. to prevent, correct and remedy all forms of Outcome 2.1 will focus on the effective exercise of While other government agencies do not have discrimination at work and in education and freedom of association by the social partners at the explicit labour market governance outcomes, they training in the public and private sector enterprise level and also at industry, national and do have employment outcomes that can open subnational levels as well as in the domain of the up opportunities for exploring institutionalized public sector. Freedom of association enables more Support advocacy of government and social X Tripartite action programme to promote gender collaborative arrangements in promoting decent robust collective bargaining, social dialogue, and partners to promote gender equality, non- equality, non-discrimination, and diversity and work. In the sphere of public sector labour relations, tripartism and other means of worker–employer discrimination, and diversity and inclusion inclusion policies in enterprises, industries and the governance framework is yet to be reviewed. participation which will then improve the ability of policies in the public and private sector supply/value chains the social partners to regulate their own relationship, The benchmarks for improved labour market participate in policy- and decision-making processes, X Advocacy linkages with government agencies governance under Priority 2 are the fundamental and share responsibility in settling or resolving (namely, NGAs, LGUs, GOCCs and SUCs) to principles and rights at work and international disputes that may arise between them (Figure 6). institutionalize equality and non-discrimination labour standards, particularly the ILO Conventions measures including redress mechanisms in ratified by the Philippines including all of the eight The targeted changes under Outcome 2.1 are their work and financial plans, citizens’ charters core Conventions. In this context, an integral (i) improved scope and quality of representation and or codes of conduct; Advocacy materials and part of improving governance is to continuously participation in labour market governance through activities must be disability-inclusive and PWD strengthen the capacity of workers’ and employers’ tripartite and bipartite mechanisms; (ii) improved capacity of social partners to negotiate on terms and accessible organizations to effectively participate in and conditions of employment and to share responsibility influence policy and decision-making processes in Mapping/forecasting of areas or industries to X Action programme for identified areas or in preventing or settling disputes by themselves; line with the ILO’s unique comparative advantage of enable workers and employers to strategically industries and (iii) improved capacity of tripartite partners to social dialogue and tripartism. With this, Priority 2 adapt to the effects of technological change, contribute in achieving overall social and economic X climate change, green technologies and Demonstration or pilot projects developed and will aim for the following outcomes: policy coherence on matters directly affecting labour and employment through evidence-based and situations of conflict supported X Outcome 2.1 Strengthened capacity of consensus-driven policy- and decision-making. government and social partners to effectively X Tripartite action programme to promote participate in social dialogue and tripartite sustainable environment and just transition processes at the enterprise, industry, subnational Support advocacy of government and social among affected workers in the supply/value and national levels toward better-informed, partners to promote sustainable environment chain. consensus-driven policies and decisions on social and just transition X Advocacy linkages with government agencies and economic matters directly affecting them to institutionalize sustainable and just transition principles in their work and financial plans, citizens’ charters or codes of conduct

32 Recommendations requiring legislation will be part of the comprehensive legislative agenda under Priority 3 30

Figure 6. Theory of change: Strengthened social dialogue and tripartism for better-informed, consensus-driven social and economic policies affecting labour and employment 31 31 30 32 32 The actions and outputs to be supported under this outcome are as follows: follows: as are outcome this under supported be to outputs and actions The

DWCP means of action (activities (activities action of means DWCP supported) Significant output output Significant supported) Figure 6. Theory of change: Strengthened social dialogue and tripartism for better-informed, consensus-driven social and economic policies affecting labour and employment Assessment, enhancement and development of X Updated information, education, and communication (IEC) (IEC) communication and education, information, Updated X of development and enhancement Assessment, strategies and programmes to promote informed, modules/toolkits for workers and employers in the private private the in employers and workers for modules/toolkits informed, promote to programmes and strategies responsible and accountable exercise of freedom of and public sectors to enhance enterprise-level capacity for for capacity enterprise-level enhance to sectors public and of freedom of exercise accountable and responsible association and the rights to collective bargaining; collective bargaining and negotiation, grievance handling, handling, grievance negotiation, and bargaining collective bargaining; collective to rights the and association and to participate in social dialogue, in the public and labour-management cooperation, social dialogue and other other and dialogue social cooperation, labour-management and public the in dialogue, social in participate to and private sector, and tripartism voluntary and consensual modes of labour relations relations labour of modes consensual and voluntary tripartism and sector, private

X Capacity-building programme to improve technical knowledge knowledge technical improve to programme Capacity-building X and competence of sectoral representatives in tripartite tripartite in representatives sectoral of competence and bodies on evidence-based and consensus-driven policy and and policy consensus-driven and evidence-based on bodies decision-making, and on implementation and monitoring of of monitoring and implementation on and decision-making, voluntary codes of conduct conduct of codes voluntary

X Leadership course for tripartite partners on ratified ratified on partners tripartite for course Leadership X Conventions and implementing laws and regulations to to regulations and laws implementing and Conventions promote their use in actual policy- and decision-making decision-making and policy- actual in use their promote processes processes

X Scorecard on effectiveness of representation to be used as as used be to representation of effectiveness on Scorecard X self-assessment tool by the social partners partners social the by tool self-assessment

Technical assistance to strengthen workers’ and X Action programme for workers’ and employers’ employers’ and workers’ for programme Action X and workers’ strengthen to assistance Technical employers’ organizations in providing counselling organizations organizations counselling providing in organizations employers’ and other forms of assistance to their members, members, their to assistance of forms other and particularly on labour relations matters matters relations labour on particularly Review and assessment of policies, procedures and X Technical study with recommendations for administrative administrative for recommendations with study Technical X and procedures policies, of assessment and Review administrative capacity of labour dispute settlement reforms toward simplifying the structure and procedures procedures and structure the simplifying toward reforms settlement dispute labour of capacity administrative and resolution agencies in the public and private and shortening the process cycle of labour dispute resolution resolution dispute labour of cycle process the shortening and private and public the in agencies resolution and sectors agencies in the public and private sector37 37 sector private and public the in agencies sectors

X Updated modules/toolkits for concerned officers in the private private the in officers concerned for modules/toolkits Updated X and public sectors on conflict management, conciliation, conciliation, management, conflict on sectors public and mediation and arbitration arbitration and mediation

Operationalizing shared responsibility in dispute X Tripartite-supported demonstration or pilot projects for the the for projects pilot or demonstration Tripartite-supported X dispute in responsibility shared Operationalizing settlement through the effective use of alternative social partners' direct implementation, possibly targeted at at targeted possibly implementation, direct partners' social alternative of use effective the through settlement dispute resolution (ADR) approaches directly supply/value chains chains supply/value directly approaches (ADR) resolution dispute implemented by the social partners partners social the by implemented

37Policy recommendations requiring legislation will be part of the comprehensive legislative agenda agenda legislative comprehensive the of part be will legislation requiring recommendations Policy 37

Representatives from Philippine government agencies, trade unions and employers sign the Tripartite Manifesto of Commitment to promote and protect protect and promote to Commitment of Manifesto Tripartite the sign employers and unions trade agencies, government Philippine from Representatives workers' rights in line with freedom of association and collective bargaining principles. This undertakes a National Action Plan to address violations violations address to Plan Action National a undertakes This principles. bargaining collective and association of freedom with line in rights workers' of workers' civil liberties and trade union rights. ILO has been supporting better application of the principles of freedom of association and collective collective and association of freedom of principles the of application better supporting been has ILO rights. union trade and liberties civil workers' of

bargaining in the Philippines. © ILO/Diane Respall Respall ILO/Diane © Philippines. the in bargaining

of workers' civil liberties and trade union rights. ILO has been supporting better application of the principles of freedom of association and collective collective and association of freedom of principles the of application better supporting been has ILO rights. union trade and liberties civil workers' of

workers' rights in line with freedom of association and collective bargaining principles. This undertakes a National Action Plan to address violations violations address to Plan Action National a undertakes This principles. bargaining collective and association of freedom with line in rights workers'

Policy recommendations requiring legislation will be part of the comprehensive legislative agenda agenda legislative comprehensive the of part be will legislation requiring recommendations Policy

37 37

implemented by the social partners partners social the by implemented

supply/value chains chains supply/value dispute resolution (ADR) approaches directly directly approaches (ADR) resolution dispute

social partners' direct implementation, possibly targeted at at targeted possibly implementation, direct partners' social settlement through the effective use of alternative alternative of use effective the through settlement

Tripartite-supported demonstration or pilot projects for the the for projects pilot or demonstration Tripartite-supported Operationalizing shared responsibility in dispute dispute in responsibility shared Operationalizing X X

mediation and arbitration arbitration and mediation

and public sectors on conflict management, conciliation, conciliation, management, conflict on sectors public and

Updated modules/toolkits for concerned officers in the private private the in officers concerned for modules/toolkits Updated X X

agencies in the public and private sector sector private and public the in agencies sectors sectors

37 37

and shortening the process cycle of labour dispute resolution resolution dispute labour of cycle process the shortening and and resolution agencies in the public and private private and public the in agencies resolution and

reforms toward simplifying the structure and procedures procedures and structure the simplifying toward reforms administrative capacity of labour dispute settlement settlement dispute labour of capacity administrative

Technical study with recommendations for administrative administrative for recommendations with study Technical Review and assessment of policies, procedures and and procedures policies, of assessment and Review X X

particularly on labour relations matters matters relations labour on particularly

and other forms of assistance to their members, members, their to assistance of forms other and

organizations organizations employers’ organizations in providing counselling counselling providing in organizations employers’

Action programme for workers’ and employers’ employers’ and workers’ for programme Action Technical assistance to strengthen workers’ and and workers’ strengthen to assistance Technical X X

self-assessment tool by the social partners partners social the by tool self-assessment

Scorecard on effectiveness of representation to be used as as used be to representation of effectiveness on Scorecard X X

processes processes

promote their use in actual policy- and decision-making decision-making and policy- actual in use their promote

Conventions and implementing laws and regulations to to regulations and laws implementing and Conventions

Leadership course for tripartite partners on ratified ratified on partners tripartite for course Leadership X X

voluntary codes of conduct conduct of codes voluntary

decision-making, and on implementation and monitoring of of monitoring and implementation on and decision-making,

bodies on evidence-based and consensus-driven policy and and policy consensus-driven and evidence-based on bodies

and competence of sectoral representatives in tripartite tripartite in representatives sectoral of competence and

Capacity-building programme to improve technical knowledge knowledge technical improve to programme Capacity-building X X

private sector, and tripartism tripartism and sector, private voluntary and consensual modes of labour relations relations labour of modes consensual and voluntary

and to participate in social dialogue, in the public and and public the in dialogue, social in participate to and labour-management cooperation, social dialogue and other other and dialogue social cooperation, labour-management

association and the rights to collective bargaining; bargaining; collective to rights the and association collective bargaining and negotiation, grievance handling, handling, grievance negotiation, and bargaining collective

responsible and accountable exercise of freedom of of freedom of exercise accountable and responsible and public sectors to enhance enterprise-level capacity for for capacity enterprise-level enhance to sectors public and

strategies and programmes to promote informed, informed, promote to programmes and strategies modules/toolkits for workers and employers in the private private the in employers and workers for modules/toolkits

Assessment, enhancement and development of of development and enhancement Assessment, Updated information, education, and communication (IEC) (IEC) communication and education, information, Updated X X

supported) supported)

Significant output output Significant

DWCP means of action (activities (activities action of means DWCP

The actions and outputs to be supported under this outcome are as follows: follows: as are outcome this under supported be to outputs and actions The

32 32

31 31

led rating systems for virtual work platforms. platforms. work virtual for systems rating led led rating systems for virtual work platforms.

gig economy, including the possibility of online worker- online of possibility the including economy, gig gig economy, including the possibility of online worker-

terms of extending the protection of labour laws to the the to laws labour of protection the extending of terms terms of extending the protection of labour laws to the

in pandemic COVID-19 the of effects the consideration consideration the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic in

shall take into into take shall 2.2 Outcome under Interventions Interventions under Outcome 2.2 shall take into

adopt new strategies to improve enforcement. improve to strategies new adopt adopt new strategies to improve enforcement.

is an opportunity to update the OSHS regulations and and regulations OSHS the update to opportunity an is is an opportunity to update the OSHS regulations and

Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Law in place, there there place, in Law (OSH) Health and Safety Occupational Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Law in place, there

capacity of social partners. With a new and strengthened strengthened and new a With partners. social of capacity capacity of social partners. With a new and strengthened . 7 Figure in shown is 2.2 Outcome Outcome 2.2 is shown in Figure 7.

inspection, other enforcement methods and improved improved and methods enforcement other inspection, inspection, other enforcement methods and improved work. The logic of desired results and interventions under under interventions and results desired of logic The work. work. The logic of desired results and interventions under

improved labour administration systems such as labour labour as such systems administration labour improved improved labour administration systems such as labour progressive elimination of all forms of unacceptable unacceptable of forms all of elimination progressive (iii) (iii) progressive elimination of all forms of unacceptable

safety and health). This may be coursed through through coursed be may This health). and safety safety and health). This may be coursed through and standards; labour with compliance promote promote compliance with labour standards; and

and rights at work, working time and wages, occupational occupational wages, and time working work, at rights and and rights at work, working time and wages, occupational capacity of social partners and their organizations organizations their and partners social of capacity capacity of social partners and their organizations

conditions of work (based on the fundamental principles principles fundamental the on (based work of conditions conditions of work (based on the fundamental principles improved improved (ii) methods; enforcement other and inspection inspection and other enforcement methods; (ii) improved

laws and international labour standards on unacceptable unacceptable on standards labour international and laws laws and international labour standards on unacceptable GLS, OSHS and social and welfare legislations through through legislations welfare and social and OSHS GLS, GLS, OSHS and social and welfare legislations through

strategically promote compliance with national labour labour national with compliance promote strategically strategically promote compliance with national labour implement and enforce all core labour standards, standards, labour core all enforce and implement implement and enforce all core labour standards,

tripartite partners to strengthen enforcement and and enforcement strengthen to partners tripartite tripartite partners to strengthen enforcement and competence of labour administration authorities to to authorities administration labour of competence competence of labour administration authorities to

focuses on improving the capacity of of capacity the improving on focuses 2.2 Outcome Outcome 2.2 focuses on improving the capacity of improved capacity and and capacity improved (i) are changes targeted The The targeted changes are (i) improved capacity and

mines under the ILO CARING Gold Mining Project funded by USDOL. © ILO/Joseph Fortin ILO/Joseph © USDOL. by funded Project Mining Gold CARING ILO the under mines mines under the ILO CARING Gold Mining Project funded by USDOL. © ILO/Joseph Fortin

32 32 X X

32 X X 32

A man works in a mining site in Bicol. Over the years, the ILO continues to address poor working conditions in artisinal and small-scale gold gold small-scale and artisinal in conditions working poor address to continues ILO the years, the Over Bicol. in site mining a in works man A A man works in a mining site in Bicol. Over the years, the ILO continues to address poor working conditions in artisinal and small-scale gold mines under the ILO CARING Gold Mining Project funded by USDOL. © ILO/Joseph Fortin ILO/Joseph © USDOL. by funded Project Mining Gold CARING ILO the under mines mines under the ILO CARING Gold Mining Project funded by USDOL. © ILO/Joseph Fortin

improved capacity and and capacity improved (i) are changes targeted The of capacity the improving on focuses 2.2 Outcome Outcome 2.2 focuses on improving the capacity of The targeted changes are (i) improved capacity and competence of labour administration authorities to to authorities administration labour of competence and enforcement strengthen to partners tripartite tripartite partners to strengthen enforcement and competence of labour administration authorities to implement and enforce all core labour standards, standards, labour core all enforce and implement labour national with compliance promote strategically strategically promote compliance with national labour implement and enforce all core labour standards, GLS, OSHS and social and welfare legislations through through legislations welfare and social and OSHS GLS, unacceptable on standards labour international and laws laws and international labour standards on unacceptable GLS, OSHS and social and welfare legislations through improved improved (ii) methods; enforcement other and inspection principles fundamental the on (based work of conditions conditions of work (based on the fundamental principles inspection and other enforcement methods; (ii) improved capacity of social partners and their organizations organizations their and partners social of capacity occupational wages, and time working work, at rights and and rights at work, working time and wages, occupational capacity of social partners and their organizations and standards; labour with compliance promote through coursed be may This health). and safety safety and health). This may be coursed through promote compliance with labour standards; and progressive elimination of all forms of unacceptable unacceptable of forms all of elimination progressive (iii) labour as such systems administration labour improved improved labour administration systems such as labour (iii) progressive elimination of all forms of unacceptable work. The logic of desired results and interventions under under interventions and results desired of logic The work. improved and methods enforcement other inspection, inspection, other enforcement methods and improved work. The logic of desired results and interventions under . 7 Figure in shown is 2.2 Outcome strengthened and new a With partners. social of capacity capacity of social partners. With a new and strengthened Outcome 2.2 is shown in Figure 7. Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Law in place, there there place, in Law (OSH) Health and Safety Occupational Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Law in place, there is an opportunity to update the OSHS regulations and and regulations OSHS the update to opportunity an is is an opportunity to update the OSHS regulations and adopt new strategies to improve enforcement. improve to strategies new adopt adopt new strategies to improve enforcement.

shall take into into take shall 2.2 Outcome under Interventions Interventions under Outcome 2.2 shall take into in pandemic COVID-19 the of effects the consideration consideration the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic in terms of extending the protection of labour laws to the the to laws labour of protection the extending of terms terms of extending the protection of labour laws to the gig economy, including the possibility of online worker- online of possibility the including economy, gig gig economy, including the possibility of online worker- led rating systems for virtual work platforms. platforms. work virtual for systems rating led led rating systems for virtual work platforms. X 32 33

Figure 7. Theory of change: Improved labour administration capacity with enhanced participation of social partners to promote, implement and enforce all rights at work and eliminate all forms of unacceptable work

A man works in a mining site in Bicol. Over the years, the ILO continues to address poor working conditions in artisinal and small-scale gold mines under the ILO CARING Gold Mining Project funded by USDOL. © ILO/Joseph Fortin

Outcome 2.2 focuses on improving the capacity of The targeted changes are (i) improved capacity and tripartite partners to strengthen enforcement and competence of labour administration authorities to strategically promote compliance with national labour implement and enforce all core labour standards, laws and international labour standards on unacceptable GLS, OSHS and social and welfare legislations through conditions of work (based on the fundamental principles inspection and other enforcement methods; (ii) improved and rights at work, working time and wages, occupational capacity of social partners and their organizations safety and health). This may be coursed through promote compliance with labour standards; and improved labour administration systems such as labour (iii) progressive elimination of all forms of unacceptable inspection, other enforcement methods and improved work. The logic of desired results and interventions under capacity of social partners. With a new and strengthened Outcome 2.2 is shown in Figure 7. Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Law in place, there is an opportunity to update the OSHS regulations and adopt new strategies to improve enforcement.

Interventions under Outcome 2.2 shall take into consideration the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic in terms of extending the protection of labour laws to the gig economy, including the possibility of online worker- led rating systems for virtual work platforms. 34

The actions and output to be supported under Outcome 2.2 are as follows:

DWCP means of action (activities supported) Significant output Assessment of labour administration capacity X Specialized and advanced capacity-building programmes on of the inspectorate and other enforcement core inspection functions, management of the inspectorate, offices, including those engaged in the and identification, investigation and prosecution of all forms of campaign against illegal recruitment unacceptable work and illegal recruitment

X Updated and manualized inspection and enforcement procedures on labour standards and on all forms of unacceptable work, including procedures on inter-agency coordination in cases of illegal recruitment Development and operationalization X Area, industry and sectoral map of those most vulnerable to of effective strategies and systems to labour standards violations and to specific forms of unacceptable enforce existing laws against violations of work labour standards and against all forms of X unacceptable work including child labour and Common reporting system and database among concerned forced labour government and non-government organizations (NGOs), including unions, to raise awareness to monitor and report on all forms of unacceptable work launched and developed

X Updated and manualized procedures for rescue, removal and rehabilitation of persons engaged in unacceptable work

X Strengthened and institutionalized inter-agency coordination, particularly through the Inter-Agency Council Against Human Trafficking (I-ACAT) and the National Anti-Child Labour Committee (NCLC) Regulatory impact assessment of specific X Industry-specific research studies on hazards and risk prevention labour standards to improve implementation and mitigation effectiveness and expand implementation X scope Recommendations for updated OSHS regulations X Adoption of OSHS for the public sector

X Assessment towards the formulation of a tripartite code of conduct for ensuring decent work in the platform economy Impact assessment and evaluation of X Capacity-building programmes for government and non- programmes implementing the laws and government organizations to plan, implement and advocate for regulations against unacceptable work the elimination of all forms of unacceptable work

X Development of a worker-led online rating system of platforms

X Technical report with Recommendations to strengthen the time- bound programme for the elimination of the worst forms of child labour

Impact assessment on the implementation of X Standard code of conduct on fair recruitment and employment the Migrant Workers Act and implementing practices to cover all recruitment and placement agencies regulations, strategies and programmes, completed and recommended for adoption including existing multilateral and bilateral X labour agreements and current institutional Study and Recommendations to strengthen implementation arrangements with destination countries of multilateral and bilateral arrangements (based on the international human rights Convention concerning the protection of the rights of all migrant workers, ILO’s multilateral framework for labour migration, Bali Declaration and ASEAN Consensus on migrant workers) to include dispute settlement and grievance mechanisms

X Technical report on Philippine advocacy position on the rights of OFWs to join and be represented by unions in their host countries and to be afforded portable social security protection 34 35 35

The actions and output to be supported under Outcome 2.2 are as follows:

(Continued from previous page) page) previous from (Continued DWCP means of action (activities Significant output supported) DWCP means of action (activities (activities action of means DWCP Significant output output Significant Assessment of labour administration capacity X Specialized and advanced capacity-building programmes on supported) supported) of the inspectorate and other enforcement core inspection functions, management of the inspectorate, Development of strategies, programmes X Information, education and communication materials and and materials communication and education Information, X programmes strategies, of Development offices, including those engaged in the and identification, investigation and prosecution of all forms of andmeasures to effectively promote compliance campaigns developed and implemented implemented and developed campaigns compliance promote effectively to andmeasures campaign against illegal recruitment unacceptable work and illegal recruitment with all labour standards, prevent all forms of of forms all prevent standards, labour all with X Standard code of conduct on fair recruitment and employment employment and recruitment fair on conduct of code Standard X X Updated and manualized inspection and enforcement unacceptable work, and provide decent work work decent provide and work, unacceptable opportunities for victims of unacceptable work practices to cover all recruitment and placement agencies agencies placement and recruitment all cover to practices work unacceptable of victims for opportunities procedures on labour standards and on all forms of unacceptable completed and recommended for adoption adoption for recommended and completed work, including procedures on inter-agency coordination in cases of illegal recruitment X Tripartite voluntary codes of conduct in the value/supply chain to to chain value/supply the in conduct of codes voluntary Tripartite X promote labour standards compliance and responsible business business responsible and compliance standards labour promote Development and operationalization X Area, industry and sectoral map of those most vulnerable to conduct conduct of effective strategies and systems to labour standards violations and to specific forms of unacceptable enforce existing laws against violations of work X Demonstration or pilot projects to remove persons from from persons remove to projects pilot or Demonstration X labour standards and against all forms of unacceptable work and to provide them and their families training, training, families their and them provide to and work unacceptable X Common reporting system and database among concerned unacceptable work including child labour and education and decent work opportunities opportunities work decent and education forced labour government and non-government organizations (NGOs), including unions, to raise awareness to monitor and report on all forms of unacceptable work launched and developed Outcome 2.3 supports the development of strengthened, more efficient dispute resolution system; the need to to need the system; resolution dispute efficient more strengthened, of development the supports 2.3 Outcome modernized, and balanced policy; legal and institutional effectively operationalize labour guarantees to OFWs; and and OFWs; to guarantees labour operationalize effectively institutional and legal policy; balanced and modernized, X Updated and manualized procedures for rescue, removal and frameworks on labour protection for all, including migrant the expansion of the scope of labour protection toward toward protection labour of scope the of expansion the migrant including all, for protection labour on frameworks rehabilitation of persons engaged in unacceptable work workers; workers in the informal economy; and workers recognizing and respecting labour standards for workers workers for standards labour respecting and recognizing workers and economy; informal the in workers workers; in nonstandard or atypical employment arrangements. in the informal economy. economy. informal the in arrangements. employment atypical or nonstandard in X Strengthened and institutionalized inter-agency coordination, Among the substantive issues that need to be addressed addressed be to need that issues substantive the Among particularly through the Inter-Agency Council Against Human are the perceived threats to freedom of association and The targeted change is strengthened tripartite advocacy advocacy tripartite strengthened is change targeted The and association of freedom to threats perceived the are Trafficking (I-ACAT) and the National Anti-Child Labour the decline of unionism and collective bargaining; threats for a comprehensive, cohesive and strategic legislative legislative strategic and cohesive comprehensive, a for threats bargaining; collective and unionism of decline the Committee (NCLC) to security of tenure and rise of precarious and non- reform agenda in the form of a modern, transformative transformative modern, a of form the in agenda reform non- and precarious of rise and tenure of security to standard forms of employment; the absence of effective Labor Code aligned with ratified Conventions and other other and Conventions ratified with aligned Code Labor effective of absence the employment; of forms standard Regulatory impact assessment of specific X Industry-specific research studies on hazards and risk prevention remedial measures against discrimination specifically relevant international instruments. Conventions for for Conventions instruments. international relevant specifically discrimination against measures remedial labour standards to improve implementation and mitigation pre-employment discrimination; the diversification and ratification will be identified through social dialogue dialogue social through identified be will ratification and diversification the discrimination; pre-employment effectiveness and expand implementation changing nature of work brought about by innovation, processes. processes. innovation, by about brought work of nature changing X Recommendations for updated OSHS regulations scope technology and new business models; the need for a a for need the models; business new and technology X Adoption of OSHS for the public sector

X Development of a worker-led online rating system of platforms

X Technical report with Recommendations to strengthen the time- bound programme for the elimination of the worst forms of child labour

X Technical report on Philippine advocacy position on the rights of OFWs to join and be represented by unions in their host countries and to be afforded portable social security protection

Participants of the Safe and Fair public forum join the migrant workers in their petition to stop violence against women. © ILO/Avic Ilagan Ilagan ILO/Avic © women. against violence stop to petition their in workers migrant the join forum public Fair and Safe the of Participants

technology and new business models; the need for a a for need the models; business new and technology

processes. processes. changing nature of work brought about by innovation, innovation, by about brought work of nature changing

ratification will be identified through social dialogue dialogue social through identified be will ratification pre-employment discrimination; the diversification and and diversification the discrimination; pre-employment

relevant international instruments. Conventions for for Conventions instruments. international relevant remedial measures against discrimination specifically specifically discrimination against measures remedial

Labor Code aligned with ratified Conventions and other other and Conventions ratified with aligned Code Labor standard forms of employment; the absence of effective effective of absence the employment; of forms standard

reform agenda in the form of a modern, transformative transformative modern, a of form the in agenda reform to security of tenure and rise of precarious and non- non- and precarious of rise and tenure of security to

for a comprehensive, cohesive and strategic legislative legislative strategic and cohesive comprehensive, a for the decline of unionism and collective bargaining; threats threats bargaining; collective and unionism of decline the

The targeted change is strengthened tripartite advocacy advocacy tripartite strengthened is change targeted The are the perceived threats to freedom of association and and association of freedom to threats perceived the are

Among the substantive issues that need to be addressed addressed be to need that issues substantive the Among

in the informal economy. economy. informal the in in nonstandard or atypical employment arrangements. arrangements. employment atypical or nonstandard in

recognizing and respecting labour standards for workers workers for standards labour respecting and recognizing workers; workers in the informal economy; and workers workers and economy; informal the in workers workers;

the expansion of the scope of labour protection toward toward protection labour of scope the of expansion the frameworks on labour protection for all, including migrant migrant including all, for protection labour on frameworks

effectively operationalize labour guarantees to OFWs; and and OFWs; to guarantees labour operationalize effectively modernized, and balanced policy; legal and institutional institutional and legal policy; balanced and modernized,

more efficient dispute resolution system; the need to to need the system; resolution dispute efficient more Outcome 2.3 supports the development of strengthened, strengthened, of development the supports 2.3 Outcome

education and decent work opportunities opportunities work decent and education

unacceptable work and to provide them and their families training, training, families their and them provide to and work unacceptable

Demonstration or pilot projects to remove persons from from persons remove to projects pilot or Demonstration X X

conduct conduct

promote labour standards compliance and responsible business business responsible and compliance standards labour promote

Tripartite voluntary codes of conduct in the value/supply chain to to chain value/supply the in conduct of codes voluntary Tripartite X X

completed and recommended for adoption adoption for recommended and completed

opportunities for victims of unacceptable work work unacceptable of victims for opportunities

practices to cover all recruitment and placement agencies agencies placement and recruitment all cover to practices

unacceptable work, and provide decent work work decent provide and work, unacceptable

Standard code of conduct on fair recruitment and employment employment and recruitment fair on conduct of code Standard X X

with all labour standards, prevent all forms of of forms all prevent standards, labour all with

andmeasures to effectively promote compliance compliance promote effectively to andmeasures campaigns developed and implemented implemented and developed campaigns

Development of strategies, programmes programmes strategies, of Development Information, education and communication materials and and materials communication and education Information, X X

supported) supported)

Significant output output Significant

DWCP means of action (activities (activities action of means DWCP

(Continued from previous page) page) previous from (Continued

35 35 36

Figure 8. Theory of change: Strengthened tripartite advocacy for a comprehensive, cohesive, strategic, transformative and inclusive legislative agenda aligned with ratified conventions and other international instruments 36 37

Outcome 2.3 will have the following means of action and output:

DWCP means of action (activities supported) Significant output Comprehensive review of the Labor Code with X Technical study and recommendations to support a survey of current and emerging employment comprehensive legislative agenda for a modernized and practices, using as overall framework relevant transformative Labor Code fully aligned with ratified national and international instruments international labour standards

Regulatory impact assessment and development X Tripartite action programme to resolve all CEACR of programme and policy proposals on specific observations areas concerning fundamental principles and X rights at work Technical report with Recommendations on nonstandard and atypical work arrangements, including flexible working time and pay

X Technical report with Recommendations for administrative, policy and institutional reforms on wages, and minimum wage fixing and productivity gain-sharing mechanism

X Ttechnical report with Recommendations on effective coverage of the workers in the informal economy with relevant labour standards Review and regulatory impact assessment of X Survey and comparative research on relevant laws of Executive Order No. 18038 and its implementing countries that ratified ILO Convention 151 rules and development of policy proposals to X put into effect ILO Convention No. 151 (Labour Draft amendments to the implementing rules of Relations in the Public Service) Executive Order No. 180 aligned with ILO Convention 151

X Draft public sector labour relations code Development of migration for development X Research and advocacy paper with policy framework to maximize the benefits of labour recommendations, particularly on promotion of fair migration, including on means to facilitate recruitment practices, and facilitation and lowering of mutual recognition agreements and sharing of costs of remittances professionals and highly skilled workers under X the One ASEAN Community Migration for development database to promote cross- border skills sharing and to monitor outward and inward movement of natural persons in the professions and in highly skilled occupations designed and launched

X Reintegration programme with skills and knowledge transfer component developed

Campaign for ratification of other ILO X Technical study with Recommendations on ILO Conventions Conventions with potential for ratification

38Text of this national legislation can be found here: https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1987/06/01/executive-order-no-180-s-1987/ and information is in the ILO website: https://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/natlex4.detail?p_lang=en&p_isn=3709#:~:text=Philippines%20 %3E,council%2C%20and%20for%20other%20purposes. Executive Order No. 180 is a national law governing public sector and civil servants providing guidelines for labor relations, the exercise of the right to organize of government employees, and creates a public sector labor- management council, and for other purposes 38

3.4 Priority 3

Equitable social protection that is available and accessible to all

The social protection goal of the country is embedded X Outcome 3.2 Strengthened policy and legal in the long-term vision of providing a secure life for framework for social protection, including all, and the medium-term pillar of inequality-reducing reforms towards establishing a national social transformation that aim to reduce vulnerability of protection floor individuals and families. Priority 3 links with the following goals and targets in the UN 2030 Agenda Outcomes 3.1 and 3.2 target two complementary changes: (i) improved implementation of existing (see Annex 1): social protection frameworks toward adequate X SDG 8 on decent work and economic growth universal coverage, accessible information on social security rights, and lower costs of administration X SDG 1 on elimination of poverty of social security programmes (Figure 9); and (ii) strengthened social protection policy and legal X SDG 10 on reducing inequality frameworks toward adequate universal social protection coverage, including a viable social Outcomes supportive of Priority 3 as identified by protection floor. government agencies are aimed at alleviating the plight of the poorest and groups at particular risk of The logic of desired results and interventions under vulnerability or marginalization. Outcome 3.1 is shown in Figure 9.

Data shows that government has many social protection programmes in place and has mobilized a significant amount of financial resources to implement these. Many of these address the outcomes that workers have identified. However, these programmes tend to be disparate and dis-coordinated, as well as designed around cash transfers or subsidies and other similar forms of welfare assistance whose long-term viability may be difficult to sustain. There is an urgent need for a thorough evaluation of these disparate programmes towards improving efficiency and effectiveness, injecting an active labour market component to the system through the appropriate mix of interventions that will enable the beneficiaries to graduate from a state of welfare to a state of productive employment, and helping operationalize the welfare components of the national social protection framework into a viable social protection floor.

Two outcomes will be supported under Priority 3:

X Outcome 3.1 Enhanced and more inclusive implementation of social protection policies, programmes and mechanisms especially for groups at particular risk of vulnerability or marginalization in the formal and informal economy including persons with work-related disabilities (PWRDs), workers in non-regular or atypical work arrangements, and overseas migrant workers Persons with disabilities like Paterno Durias are provided benefits under the Social Security System. © ILO/R. Dela Cruz 38 39

3.4 Priority 3 FIGURE 9. THEORY OF CHANGE: ENHANCED AND MORE INCLUSIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF EXISTING SOCIAL PROTECTION FRAMEWORKS TOWARD UNIVERSAL SOCIAL PROTECTION

Equitable social protection that is available and accessible to all

Two outcomes will be supported under Priority 3:

will focus on addressing implementation issues arising from existing laws and programmes: and laws existing from arising issues implementation addressing on focus will 3.1 Outcome Outcome 3.1 will focus on addressing implementation issues arising from existing laws and programmes:

DWCP means of action (activities (activities action of means DWCP DWCP means of action (activities Significant output Significant supported) supported) Significant output Technical report with recommendations to simplify and facilitate facilitate and simplify to recommendations with report Technical X and processes administrative of Assessment Assessment of administrative processes and X Technical report with recommendations to simplify and facilitate enrolment and availment procedures in social security agencies security social in procedures availment and enrolment including systems, insurance social of services services of social insurance systems, including enrolment and availment procedures in social security agencies those applicable to vulnerable groups of of groups vulnerable to applicable those those applicable to vulnerable groups of X X Demonstration project to reintegrate PWRDs in the economic economic the in PWRDs reintegrate to project Demonstration work-related with persons including workers workers including persons with work-related Demonstration project to reintegrate PWRDs in the economic mainstream either through formal employment or livelihood livelihood or employment formal through either mainstream non-regular in workers (PWRDs), disabilities disabilities (PWRDs), workers in non-regular mainstream either through formal employment or livelihood generation activities generation and arrangements, employment atypical or or atypical employment arrangements, and generation activities workers in the informal economy informal the in workers workers in the informal economy Demonstration project of an on-line system for social security security social for system on-line an of project Demonstration X X Demonstration project of an on-line system for social security enrolment and payment of social security remittances for for remittances security social of payment and enrolment enrolment and payment of social security remittances for workers employed through digital apps and platforms and apps digital through employed workers workers employed through digital apps and platforms Technical report with Recommendations to improve improve to Recommendations with report Technical X selected of evaluation and assessment Impact Impact assessment and evaluation of selected X Technical report with Recommendations to improve programme planning and management, particularly targeting targeting particularly management, and planning programme for programmes protection social existing existing social protection programmes for programme planning and management, particularly targeting of beneficiaries, lowering the costs of programme delivery, delivery, programme of costs the lowering beneficiaries, of or vulnerability of risk particular at groups groups at particular risk of vulnerability or of beneficiaries, lowering the costs of programme delivery, setting and beneficiaries, of database reliable of development marginalization marginalization development of reliable database of beneficiaries, and setting up of monitoring and evaluation systems. evaluation and monitoring of up up of monitoring and evaluation systems.

Development of information materials supported by good good by supported materials information of Development X X Development of information materials supported by good practices practices

Demonstration or pilot projects on “informal to formal”, “welfare “welfare formal”, to “informal on projects pilot or Demonstration X X Demonstration or pilot projects on “informal to formal”, “welfare to employment”, and “subsidy to sustainability” transitions sustainability” to “subsidy and employment”, to to employment”, and “subsidy to sustainability” transitions Technical assistance programmes/toolkits for community or or community for programmes/toolkits assistance Technical X sustainable for advocacy and of Development Development of and advocacy for sustainable X Technical assistance programmes/toolkits for community or schemes micro-insurance sector-specific micro-insurance sector-specific or community community or sector-specific micro-insurance sector-specific micro-insurance schemes schemes schemes

Technical report with Recommendations for the setting up of on- of up setting the for Recommendations with report Technical X migrant of concerns special the on Study Study on the special concerns of migrant X Technical report with Recommendations for the setting up of on- site assistance facilities for migrant workers (possibly including including (possibly workers migrant for facilities assistance site OFWs particularly workers, workers, particularly OFWs site assistance facilities for migrant workers (possibly including reporting system, helpdesks and migrant workers resource resource workers migrant and helpdesks system, reporting reporting system, helpdesks and migrant workers resource centres or MWRCs) or centres centres or MWRCs)

Health check-up with a medical doctor amid cases of COVID-19 in the Philippines. © ILO/Minette Rimando ILO/Minette © Philippines. the in COVID-19 of cases amid doctor medical a with check-up Health Health check-up with a medical doctor amid cases of COVID-19 in the Philippines. © ILO/Minette Rimando

centres or MWRCs) or centres centres or MWRCs)

reporting system, helpdesks and migrant workers resource resource workers migrant and helpdesks system, reporting reporting system, helpdesks and migrant workers resource

site assistance facilities for migrant workers (possibly including including (possibly workers migrant for facilities assistance site OFWs particularly workers, workers, particularly OFWs site assistance facilities for migrant workers (possibly including

Technical report with Recommendations for the setting up of on- of up setting the for Recommendations with report Technical migrant of concerns special the on Study Study on the special concerns of migrant Technical report with Recommendations for the setting up of on- X X

schemes schemes

schemes micro-insurance sector-specific sector-specific micro-insurance schemes micro-insurance sector-specific or community community or sector-specific micro-insurance

Technical assistance programmes/toolkits for community or or community for programmes/toolkits assistance Technical Technical assistance programmes/toolkits for community or Development of and advocacy for sustainable sustainable for advocacy and of Development Development of and advocacy for sustainable X X

to employment”, and “subsidy to sustainability” transitions sustainability” to “subsidy and employment”, to to employment”, and “subsidy to sustainability” transitions

Demonstration or pilot projects on “informal to formal”, “welfare “welfare formal”, to “informal on projects pilot or Demonstration Demonstration or pilot projects on “informal to formal”, “welfare X X

practices practices

Development of information materials supported by good good by supported materials information of Development Development of information materials supported by good X X

up of monitoring and evaluation systems. evaluation and monitoring of up up of monitoring and evaluation systems.

setting and beneficiaries, of database reliable of development development of reliable database of beneficiaries, and setting marginalization marginalization

of beneficiaries, lowering the costs of programme delivery, delivery, programme of costs the lowering beneficiaries, of of beneficiaries, lowering the costs of programme delivery, groups at particular risk of vulnerability or or vulnerability of risk particular at groups groups at particular risk of vulnerability or

programme planning and management, particularly targeting targeting particularly management, and planning programme programme planning and management, particularly targeting existing social protection programmes for for programmes protection social existing existing social protection programmes for

Technical report with Recommendations to improve improve to Recommendations with report Technical Technical report with Recommendations to improve Impact assessment and evaluation of selected selected of evaluation and assessment Impact Impact assessment and evaluation of selected X X

workers employed through digital apps and platforms and apps digital through employed workers workers employed through digital apps and platforms

enrolment and payment of social security remittances for for remittances security social of payment and enrolment enrolment and payment of social security remittances for

Demonstration project of an on-line system for social security security social for system on-line an of project Demonstration Demonstration project of an on-line system for social security X X workers in the informal economy informal the in workers workers in the informal economy

or atypical employment arrangements, and and arrangements, employment atypical or or atypical employment arrangements, and generation activities generation generation activities

disabilities (PWRDs), workers in non-regular non-regular in workers (PWRDs), disabilities disabilities (PWRDs), workers in non-regular mainstream either through formal employment or livelihood livelihood or employment formal through either mainstream mainstream either through formal employment or livelihood

workers including persons with work-related work-related with persons including workers workers including persons with work-related

Demonstration project to reintegrate PWRDs in the economic economic the in PWRDs reintegrate to project Demonstration Demonstration project to reintegrate PWRDs in the economic X X

those applicable to vulnerable groups of of groups vulnerable to applicable those those applicable to vulnerable groups of

services of social insurance systems, including including systems, insurance social of services services of social insurance systems, including enrolment and availment procedures in social security agencies security social in procedures availment and enrolment enrolment and availment procedures in social security agencies

Assessment of administrative processes and and processes administrative of Assessment Assessment of administrative processes and Technical report with recommendations to simplify and facilitate facilitate and simplify to recommendations with report Technical Technical report with recommendations to simplify and facilitate X X

supported) supported)

Significant output Significant Significant output

DWCP means of action (activities (activities action of means DWCP DWCP means of action (activities

40 40 41 40

Outcome 3.1 will focus on addressing implementation issues arising from existing laws and programmes: Output 3.2 will focus on addressing policy and institutional issues and expanding the scope of social protection that require the enactment of enabling legislation. The logic behind the desired results and DWCP means of action (activities interventions are reflected in Figure 10: supported) Significant output Assessment of administrative processes and X Technical report with recommendations to simplify and facilitate services of social insurance systems, including enrolment and availment procedures in social security agencies FIGURE 10. THEORY OF CHANGE: STRENGTHENED SOCIAL PROTECTION FRAMEWORKS, those applicable to vulnerable groups of ADEQUATE SOCIAL PROTECTION COVERAGE AND VIABLE SOCIAL PROTECTION FLOOR X workers including persons with work-related Demonstration project to reintegrate PWRDs in the economic disabilities (PWRDs), workers in non-regular mainstream either through formal employment or livelihood or atypical employment arrangements, and generation activities workers in the informal economy X Demonstration project of an on-line system for social security enrolment and payment of social security remittances for workers employed through digital apps and platforms Impact assessment and evaluation of selected X Technical report with Recommendations to improve existing social protection programmes for programme planning and management, particularly targeting groups at particular risk of vulnerability or of beneficiaries, lowering the costs of programme delivery, marginalization development of reliable database of beneficiaries, and setting up of monitoring and evaluation systems.

X Development of information materials supported by good practices

X Demonstration or pilot projects on “informal to formal”, “welfare to employment”, and “subsidy to sustainability” transitions Development of and advocacy for sustainable X Technical assistance programmes/toolkits for community or community or sector-specific micro-insurance sector-specific micro-insurance schemes schemes

Study on the special concerns of migrant X Technical report with Recommendations for the setting up of on- workers, particularly OFWs site assistance facilities for migrant workers (possibly including reporting system, helpdesks and migrant workers resource centres or MWRCs)

Health check-up with a medical doctor amid cases of COVID-19 in the Philippines. © ILO/Minette Rimando

Also part of the comprehensive legislative agenda under Priority 2 Priority under agenda legislative comprehensive the of part Also Also part of the comprehensive legislative agenda under Priority 2

40 40

2 Priority under agenda legislative comprehensive the of Part Part of the comprehensive legislative agenda under Priority 2

39 39

particular risk of vulnerability or marginalization or vulnerability of risk particular particular risk of vulnerability or marginalization PWDs and other vulnerable and marginalized groups marginalized and vulnerable other and PWDs PWDs and other vulnerable and marginalized groups

40 40

workers in the informal economy and other groups at at groups other and economy informal the in workers workers in the informal economy and other groups at rights for workers in the informal economy, IPs, IPs, economy, informal the in workers for rights rights for workers in the informal economy, IPs,

law to recognize, promote and protect the rights of of rights the protect and promote recognize, to law law to recognize, promote and protect the rights of recognition, promotion and enforcement of legal legal of enforcement and promotion recognition, recognition, promotion and enforcement of legal

Research study with Recommendations on proposed proposed on Recommendations with study Research Research study with Recommendations on proposed Development of policy advocacy agenda for for agenda advocacy policy of Development Development of policy advocacy agenda for X X

Framework Framework ) 11 Figure ( floor protection protection floor (Figure 11)

SPF under the National Social Protection Operational Operational Protection Social National the under SPF SPF under the National Social Protection Operational framework towards establishing a viable social social viable a establishing towards framework framework towards establishing a viable social

Technical report with Recommendations to incorporate incorporate to Recommendations with report Technical Technical report with Recommendations to incorporate Review including gap analysis of the social protection protection social the of analysis gap including Review Review including gap analysis of the social protection X X

current unemployment insurance scheme insurance unemployment current current unemployment insurance scheme labour market component market labour labour market component

39 39

on a proposed amendatory law further enhancing the the enhancing further law amendatory proposed a on on a proposed amendatory law further enhancing the unemployment insurance law to include an active active an include to law insurance unemployment unemployment insurance law to include an active

Research and technical study with Recommendations Recommendations with study technical and Research Research and technical study with Recommendations Development of policy to further improve the new new the improve further to policy of Development Development of policy to further improve the new X X

supported) supported)

Significant output Significant Significant output

DWCP means of action (activities (activities action of means DWCP DWCP means of action (activities

The actions and output under this outcome are as follows: as are outcome this under output and actions The The actions and output under this outcome are as follows:

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42 42

are There says. Petelo now, different very is households in Working old. years 12 was she since worker domestic a been has Petelo Genelyn Genelyn Petelo has been a domestic worker since she was 12 years old. Working in households is very different now, Petelo says. There are Aliling ILO/J. © Fund. Pag-IBIG the and PhilHealth as well as SSS, the of member proud a is She benefits. and tasks specify that contracts contracts that specify tasks and benefits. She is a proud member of the SSS, as well as PhilHealth and the Pag-IBIG Fund. © ILO/J. Aliling

The actions and output under this outcome are as follows: as are outcome this under output and actions The The actions and output under this outcome are as follows:

DWCP means of action (activities (activities action of means DWCP DWCP means of action (activities Significant output Significant supported) supported) Significant output Research and technical study with Recommendations Recommendations with study technical and Research X new the improve further to policy of Development Development of policy to further improve the new X Research and technical study with Recommendations on a proposed amendatory law further enhancing the the enhancing further law amendatory proposed a on active an include to law insurance unemployment unemployment insurance law to include an active on a proposed amendatory law further enhancing the 39 scheme insurance unemployment current component market labour labour market component current unemployment insurance scheme39

Technical report with Recommendations to incorporate incorporate to Recommendations with report Technical X protection social the of analysis gap including Review Review including gap analysis of the social protection X Technical report with Recommendations to incorporate SPF under the National Social Protection Operational Operational Protection Social National the under SPF social viable a establishing towards framework framework towards establishing a viable social SPF under the National Social Protection Operational Framework ) 11 Figure ( floor protection protection floor (Figure 11) Framework

Research study with Recommendations on proposed proposed on Recommendations with study Research X for agenda advocacy policy of Development Development of policy advocacy agenda for X Research study with Recommendations on proposed law to recognize, promote and protect the rights of of rights the protect and promote recognize, to law legal of enforcement and promotion recognition, recognition, promotion and enforcement of legal law to recognize, promote and protect the rights of workers in the informal economy and other groups at at groups other and economy informal the in workers IPs, economy, informal the in workers for rights rights for workers in the informal economy, IPs, workers in the informal economy and other groups at 40 marginalization or vulnerability of risk particular groups marginalized and vulnerable other and PWDs PWDs and other vulnerable and marginalized groups particular risk of vulnerability or marginalization40

2 Priority under agenda legislative comprehensive the of Part 39 39Part of the comprehensive legislative agenda under Priority 2 Also part of the comprehensive legislative agenda under Priority 2 Priority under agenda legislative comprehensive the of part Also 40 40Also part of the comprehensive legislative agenda under Priority 2

04 04

planning framework framework planning

Management and implementation implementation and Management

43 43

42 43 43

Management and implementation implementation and Management planning framework framework planning 04 04

Genelyn Petelo has been a domestic worker since she was 12 years old. Working in households is very different now, Petelo says. There are contracts that specify tasks and benefits. She is a proud member of the SSS, as well as PhilHealth and the Pag-IBIG Fund. © ILO/J. Aliling

The actions and output under this outcome are as follows:

DWCP means of action (activities supported) Significant output Development of policy to further improve the new X Research and technical study with Recommendations unemployment insurance law to include an active on a proposed amendatory law further enhancing the labour market component current unemployment insurance scheme39

Review including gap analysis of the social protection X Technical report with Recommendations to incorporate framework towards establishing a viable social SPF under the National Social Protection Operational protection floor (Figure 11) Framework

Development of policy advocacy agenda for X Research study with Recommendations on proposed recognition, promotion and enforcement of legal law to recognize, promote and protect the rights of rights for workers in the informal economy, IPs, workers in the informal economy and other groups at PWDs and other vulnerable and marginalized groups particular risk of vulnerability or marginalization40

39Part of the comprehensive legislative agenda under Priority 2 40Also part of the comprehensive legislative agenda under Priority 2

04 04

planning framework framework planning

Management and implementation implementation and Management

43 43 44

4.1 Management structure

DWCP 2020–24 has the following management DWCP 2020–24 pursues these priorities with an structure to be operationalized through a overall strategy for decent work advocacy. Not listed memorandum of agreement among all concerned: under any of the specific outcomes and outputs, this advocacy will have two components: X (a) A high-level national Decent Work Advisory Committee (DWAC) with ten members, The first strategic component is enhancing including the Secretary of Labor or his information capability for evidence-based designated representative as Chairperson. programming. This builds upon a previous Each sector has three members each with the collaboration between ILO and DOLE, which government and workers sectors expected eventually resulted in the development of decent to allocate representation for the civil service. work statistical indicators and measurements. The The Director of the ILO Country Office may indicators are now part of the official statistics being be requested to join the DWAC members as generated by the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) resource person or observer. DWAC has the and now serve as valuable resource in policy and primary policy and decision-making for DWCP programme formulation as well as in monitoring 2020–24. It oversees the implementation of the and evaluation of decent work outcomes. Under this country programme, endorses specific projects component, the statistical database for decent work to be enrolled under any of the programme will continue to be enhanced and made accessible to priorities, and provides overall policy guidance a wider universe of policy makers. and direction to implementing agencies. The second strategic component is the development X (b) A tripartite Technical Working Group (TWG) of a pool of change agents through a Leaders for shall provide technical support to the DWAC, and Decent Work Programme. The programme targets facilitate, monitor and report progress on the to reach high-level policy and decision makers and Decent Work Country Programme. Meetings will responds to a glaring gap – that is, the concept of be held at least once very quarter. decent work itself is generally unknown across government agencies except DOLE. A starting X (c) A Joint Secretariat composed of DOLE’s initiative could be extending technical assistance Institute for Labor Studies (ILS) and the Planning and implementing capacity building programmes Service (PS) shall assist the TWG. for the SDG TWG under NEDA and the Department of Budget and Management (DBM), on the interrelated Activities and outputs are delivered in an integrated dimensions of decent work, international labour manner, as much as possible through projects standards, and how they complement the SDGs. or programmes aimed at promoting multiple Sensitizing various high-level officials and leaders to but related priorities and outcomes. Potential of decent work is necessary in embedding decent work activities and projects to be implemented in poorer outcomes in their own spheres of influence. regions shall also be given due consideration. In particular, DWCP 2020–24 will endeavour to develop, in consultation with constituents and concerned stakeholders, a separate and distinct package of decent work interventions for BARMM. The DWCP shall be subjected to a regular yearly monitoring and evaluation under the direction of the Committee, following the monitoring and evaluation instruments taking into account the DWCP Guidelines. It shall also be subject to a mid- term and final external independent evaluation and generally accepted monitoring and evaluation standards taking into account responsiveness, relevance, effectiveness, efficiency impact and sustainability as well as the extent of stakeholder participation and accountability. A results-based management (RBM) system with detailed indicators and database will be used to monitor the progress of the DWCP. 44 45

4.1 Management structure 4.2 Risk identification and management

The implementation of the DWCP will largely depend on how the assumptions of the country’s development DWCP 2020–24 has the following management DWCP 2020–24 pursues these priorities with an plans will hold, how efficiently and effectively the strategies and programmes are delivered, and how outcomes structure to be operationalized through a overall strategy for decent work advocacy. Not listed are realized in the short- to the medium-term. Specific risks under each priority which may have impact at memorandum of agreement among all concerned: under any of the specific outcomes and outputs, this the action, output and outcome levels cannot be discounted. Presented below are among the risks and their advocacy will have two components: X (a) A high-level national Decent Work Advisory impact which will be the basis for DWAC monitoring: Committee (DWAC) with ten members, The first strategic component is enhancing including the Secretary of Labor or his information capability for evidence-based designated representative as Chairperson. programming. This builds upon a previous Table 3. Risks under specific DWCP priorities Each sector has three members each with the collaboration between ILO and DOLE, which government and workers sectors expected eventually resulted in the development of decent Priority 1 to allocate representation for the civil service. work statistical indicators and measurements. The X Monetary policy risk (high interest rates on loans, constriction of credit access for MSMEs) The Director of the ILO Country Office may indicators are now part of the official statistics being be requested to join the DWAC members as generated by the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) X Fiscal and budget risk (high taxes for MSMEs; delayed or stalled completion of infrastructure and agricultural resource person or observer. DWAC has the and now serve as valuable resource in policy and modernization programmes; inadequate technical and support facilities for MSMEs; inefficient budgeting primary policy and decision-making for DWCP programme formulation as well as in monitoring or inadequate budget for education and training) 2020–24. It oversees the implementation of the and evaluation of decent work outcomes. Under this country programme, endorses specific projects component, the statistical database for decent work X Social risk (adverse selection and exclusion of groups at particular risk of vulnerability or marginalization to be enrolled under any of the programme will continue to be enhanced and made accessible to due to poor implementation or improperly designed programmes; low absorptive capacity of targeted priorities, and provides overall policy guidance a wider universe of policy makers. sectors to absorb assistance; no security of tenure in the place of operations; poor design or targeting of and direction to implementing agencies. The second strategic component is the development technical assistance programmes; low absorptive capacity and inadequate social preparation of MSMEs targeted for assistance) X (b) A tripartite Technical Working Group (TWG) of a pool of change agents through a Leaders for Decent Work Programme. The programme targets shall provide technical support to the DWAC, and X Governance risk (leakages of funds allocated to infrastructure and MSME programmes; poor implementation to reach high-level policy and decision makers and facilitate, monitor and report progress on the of Ease of Doing Business Act; inadequate coordination among government agencies) Decent Work Country Programme. Meetings will responds to a glaring gap – that is, the concept of be held at least once very quarter. decent work itself is generally unknown across X Market risk (low or lack of demand for products) government agencies except DOLE. A starting X (c) A Joint Secretariat composed of DOLE’s initiative could be extending technical assistance X Climate change risk Institute for Labor Studies (ILS) and the Planning and implementing capacity building programmes X Service (PS) shall assist the TWG. for the SDG TWG under NEDA and the Department of Security risk Budget and Management (DBM), on the interrelated Activities and outputs are delivered in an integrated dimensions of decent work, international labour Priority 2 manner, as much as possible through projects standards, and how they complement the SDGs. X or programmes aimed at promoting multiple Sensitizing various high-level officials and leaders to Regulatory risk (over-regulation that of enterprises that unduly increases the costs of doing business but related priorities and outcomes. Potential of decent work is necessary in embedding decent work and creates disincentives to create work opportunities; undue reliance on legislation or premature State activities and projects to be implemented in poorer outcomes in their own spheres of influence. intervention in regulating the relations of the social partners that undermine freedom of association, regions shall also be given due consideration. collective bargaining and shared responsibility in resolving disputes) In particular, DWCP 2020–24 will endeavour to develop, in consultation with constituents and X Governance risk (limited technical capacity and knowledge to formulate and administer laws or to engage concerned stakeholders, a separate and distinct in social dialogue and tripartism; rent-seeking behaviour and corruption of enforcement and adjudication package of decent work interventions for BARMM. officers

The DWCP shall be subjected to a regular yearly X Geopolitical risk in relation to labour migration monitoring and evaluation under the direction of the Committee, following the monitoring and Priority 3 evaluation instruments taking into account the DWCP Guidelines. It shall also be subject to a mid- X Fiscal risk (inadequate funding for existing and intended tax-funded social protection programmes) term and final external independent evaluation X and generally accepted monitoring and evaluation Social risk (resistance or limited capacity of targeted sectors to cooperate in assistance programmes or standards taking into account responsiveness, absorb assistance) relevance, effectiveness, efficiency impact and X Governance risk (possibility of moral hazards and adverse selection of beneficiaries) sustainability as well as the extent of stakeholder participation and accountability. A results-based X Monetary policy risk (unfavorable interest rates; low yield on investments) management (RBM) system with detailed indicators and database will be used to monitor the progress X Liquidity risk (inability of social insurance systems to meet obligations to members as these fall due) of the DWCP. X Sovereign risk (inability of government to operationalize its sovereign guarantee on social security payments when necessary)

X Geopolitical risk in relation to labour migration

05 05

Funding plan Funding Funding plan

46 46

Funding plan Funding Funding plan 05 05

05 05

Funding plan Funding Funding plan

46 46 47 46

For the past ten years, around 61 development Triangular Cooperation, trust funds with the ILO, cooperation projects had been implemented in the PPPs and multi-bilateral development programmes Philippines cumulatively covering approximately are potential sources that have been identified for Funding plan 42.24 million US dollars.41 Through the years, the funding of DWCP. funding opportunities have declined. At present, Constituents may also explore the use of technology funding for the implementation of the DWCP include for mobilizing resource which may include crowd the regular budget and Regular Budget for Technical funding to deliver DWCP results. Cooperation (RBTC), as well as the current projects covering approximately 7.4 million US dollars. Traditional modalities for funding will continue, Main funding sources for current development including RBSA, country component for global cooperation (DC) projects include Japan, United projects, joint UN proposals for bids such as Human States (US), European Union (EU), Switzerland and Security Trust Fund (HSTF) and participating in Regular Budget Supplementary Account (RBSA). competitive bids. In the meantime, potential donors may be approached taking off recent funding for DC Resource mobilization strategies will take into projects on child labour, labour inspection, freedom account key developments over the last decades, of association, OSH, trade and employment, skills described as follows: development, green jobs/just transition, responsible X (a) The Official Development Assistance (ODA) is supply chains (MNEs) and fair migration. shrinking. Since DWCP 2020–24 and PFSD 2019–23 both aimed to contribute to the broader national policy and X (b) Requirements in terms of development development agenda through the government’s effectiveness have become more stringent. medium-term PDP for 2017–22, the ILO will work X (c) While traditional donors are faced with with the UN Resident Coordinator and other UN budgetary restrictions, there are new potential agencies for joint projects. At the PFSD outcome 05 partnerships (namely, the private sector) and level for the Planet and Prosperity pillar, this covers emerging economies that are entering the promotion of green jobs adopting the decent work development scene. framework. There are also opportunities for ILO involvement in joint UN work for the two other PFSD X (d) New modalities such as multi-donor outcomes on People and Peace pillar. ILO Manila partnership, outcome-based funding, South– has initiated informal discussion with several UN South and triangular cooperation are emerging. agencies in anticipation of the release of guidelines on the SDG Funds and Multi-Donor Partnership Trust As the Philippines is classified as a middle-income Funds, particularly to support the new BARMM. country, challenges remain in mobilizing traditional ODA. In this context, resource mobilization for The ILO is currently implementing 13 active projects funding and financing DWCP implementation can be (see Table 4). The resource mobilization strategy for a joint concern of the ILO Office and the tripartite donor resources include the following: constituents. Nevertheless, the ILO will play a strong X (a) mapping of donors and their priorities with supporting role in mobilizing external funding, both DWCP from within its own regular resources, through donors as well as through parallel programming. The X (b) formulating concept notes, project summaries ILO will work through the DWAC, which will provide and project documents for submission to donors venue to discuss funding gaps and strategies for resource mobilization as well as financing. X (c) presenting project ideas to donors and donor institutions Internal resource efficiency will be promoted by encouraging synchronized joint work plans, internal X (d) supporting capacities of social partners in collaboration, and building on lessons learnt from donor resource mobilization and sharing of evaluations of DC projects and global programmes information on donor opportunities relevant to to minimize overlaps and duplications. partners Financing paradigm will also be explored, leveraging ILO technical capacity in achieving joint results towards decent work with other partners. Promoting policy coherence can be entry points for collaborating with the World Bank (WB) and the Asian Development Bank (ADB), South–South and

41These covered the following areas: employment, green jobs, youth employment and skills, SMEs, disaster response including employment intensive infrastructure development, gender equality, wage fixing, local economic development in the context of support indigenous peoples development and peace building, migration, breastfeeding in the workplace, child labour, domestic workers rights, freedom of association and collective bargaining, responsible supply chains, labour inspection and OSH.

Table 4. Development cooperation projects

Project symbol Project title Start date End date

ILO–UK Prosperity Fund Skills PHL/20/50/GBR Programme for South East Asia 24 Oct. 2019 31 Mar. 2023 (UKPFSEA) - Philippines Improvement of Water Supply PHL/18/04/JPN Equipment Management Capacity for 01 Apr. 2019 28 Feb. 2021 the Establishment of Peace in Mindanao

Industry Skills for Inclusive Growth (In- RAS/19/01/JPN 14 Mar. 2019 31 Dec.2021 SIGHT) Phase 2

Technical Support on Employment Crea- PHL/16/01/RBS tion for Young People and Vulnerable 01 Jan. 2016 31 Dec. 2019 Groups Achieving reduction of child labour in RAS/19/07/JPN 15 Mar. 2020 31 Dec. 2021 support of education

Convening Stakeholders to Develop and Implement Strategies to Reduce Child PHL/16/50/USA Labour and Improve Working Conditions 11 Dec. 2015 10 Mar. 2020 in Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mining - Philippines Country Level Engagement and GLO/13/22/USA Assistance to Reduce Child Labour 01 Dec. 2013 31 Jan. 2019 (CLEAR)

RAS/16/13/EUR Responsible Supply Chains in Asia 15 Dec. 2017 14 Dec. 2020

Integrated Programme on Fair PHL/18/51/CHE Recruitment (FAIR) - Phase II - 01 Nov. 2018 31 Oct. 2021 Philippines component Integrated Programme on Fair PHL/15/51/CHE Recruitment (Philippines component) 01 Aug. 2015 31 Dec. 2018

Building a Generation of Safe and PHL/15/50/USA Healthy Workers - SAFE & HEALTHY 19 Dec. 2014 28 Feb. 2019 YOUTH Philippines Building the Capacity of the Philippines PHI/14/06/USA Labour Inspectorate 01 Jan. 2015 31 Aug. 2019

Support GSP + beneficiary countries to PHL/16/52/EUR effectively implement ILS and comply 24 Nov. 2016 31 May 2020 with reporting obligations - Philippines

Promoting social dialogue for improved PHL/20/01/RBS compliance, better application of ILS and 01 Aug. 2020 31 Oct. 2021 COVID-19 response

Increased national capacity for policy and legislative reforms, including COVID-19 responses, based on PHL/20/02/RBS 01 Aug. 2020 31 Oct. 2021 international labour standards and address Recommendations of the Standards Review Mechanism

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Project symbol Project title Start date End date

Industry Skills for Inclusive Growth (In- RAS/19/01/JPN 14 Mar. 2019 31 Dec.2021 SIGHT) Phase 2

RAS/16/13/EUR Responsible Supply Chains in Asia 15 Dec. 2017 14 Dec. 2020

Support GSP + beneficiary countries to PHL/16/52/EUR effectively implement ILS and comply 24 Nov. 2016 31 May 2020 with reporting obligations - Philippines

Promoting social dialogue for improved PHL/20/01/RBS compliance, better application of ILS and 01 Aug. 2020 31 Oct. 2021 COVID-19 response

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makers in communication activities.

the visibility of project activities, and more active engagement of high-level policymakers and decision-

allowing for public monitoring and reporting on the progress of all decent work initiatives), promotion of

of all available communication channels to transmit the key messages (including a more dynamic website

elements: regular documentation of good practices, articulation of key messages to solicit and support, use

and feedback mechanism shall be an integral part of the process. It shall include the following strategic

and shall be part of documenting and gathering support for the replication of good practices. A consultative

Communication and advocacy shall be a continuing work of the ILO as integrated in DWCP implementation

formulation and implementation of a detailed communication and advocacy plan.

and advocacy. The Decent Work Advisory Council shall be directly involved and exercise oversight in the

Peace Councils (RTIPC) and Industry Tripartite Councils (ITCs) will be used as platforms for communication

regional and local, industry and sectoral, media and the academe. The NTIPC, Regional Tripartite Industrial

Communication and advocacy on the DWCP 2020–24 and its progress will be done at all levels: the national,

Communication and advocacy plan 50

Communication and advocacy plan

Communication and advocacy shall be a continuing work of the ILO as integrated in DWCP implementation and shall be part of documenting and gathering support for the replication of good practices. A consultative and feedback mechanism shall be an integral part of the process. It shall include the following strategic

elements: regular documentation of good practices, articulation of key messages to solicit and support, use of all available communication channels to transmit the key messages (including a more dynamic website allowing for public monitoring and reporting on the progress of all decent work initiatives), promotion of the visibility of project activities, and more active engagement of high-level policymakers and decision- makers in communication activities.