Indigenous plants in the Aldinga Arts Eco Village, South Australia
Text and Photographs by Jenni McGlennon
Compiled for use in common land and gardens of Village neighbourhoods
Page 1 of 47 How to use this resource:
Notes and illustrations of species are arranged sequentially, one species per page, in alphabetical order of species names.
On Page 3, there is an Index Table of plant types that identifies species as trees, large shrubs and windbreaks, small shrubs, ground covers, climbers, and species for wetter areas. Species are listed alphabetically within each category.
Species names in the table are hyperlinked to the respective species notes so, if you are consulting an electronic copy of this resource and want to check on a particular species listed in the table, just click on the name to go to the species notes. There is also a link back to the Index Table below the text on each species.
If you prefer using a printed hard copy, page numbers are also listed in the Index Table.
Page 2 of 47 Index of Species:
Type & Species Name Common Name Page Trees Acacia pycnantha Golden Wattle 7 Allocasuarina verticillata Drooping She-Oak 9 Callitris gracilis Native Pine; Southern Cypress Pine 15 Eucalyptus camaldulensis River Red Gum 22 Eucalyptus porosa Mallee Box 23 Melaleuca lanceolata Dryland Tea Tree; Moonah 34 Pittosporum phylliraeoides Native Apricot; Weeping Pittosporum 41 Large shrubs & windbreaks Acacia paradoxa Kangaroo Thorn; Prickly Acacia 6 Banksia marginata Silver Banksia 11 Bursaria spinosa Christmas Bush 13 Dodonaea viscosa Sticky Hop Bush 20 Myoporum insulare Coastal Boobialla; Common Boobialla 35 Myoporum viscosum Sticky Boobialla 37 Olearia axillaris Coastal Daisy Bush 38 Olearia ramulosa Twiggy Daisy Bush 40 Small shrubs Acacia acinacea Gold Dust Wattle 4 Dianella revoluta Flax Lily 18 Eutaxia microphylla Mallee Pea 24 Goodenia albiflora White Goodenia 25 Goodenia amplexans Clasping Goodenia 26 Grevillea lavandulacea Lavender Grevillea 27 Hakea rugosa Short-Beaked Hakea 28 Leucophyta brownii Cushion Bush 32 Lotus australis Austral Trefoil 33 Olearia passerinoides Mallee Daisy Bush 39 Rhagodia candolleana Sea Berry Saltbush 42 Scaevola albida White Fan-Flower; Pale Fan-Flower 43 Scaevola crassifolia Cushion Fan-Flower; Thick-Leaved Fan Flower 44 Senecio lautus Large-Flowered Groundsel 45 Vittadinia blackii New Holland Daisy 47 Ground covers Acacia cupularis (prostrate form) Prostrate Acacia 5 Atriplex semibaccata Berry Saltbush 10 Carpobrotus rossii Native Pig Face 16 Disphyma crassifolium Round-Leaved Pig Face 19 Enchylaena tomentosa Ruby Saltbush 21 Kennedia prostrata Running Postman 30 Myoporum parvifolium Creeping Boobialla 36 Tetragonia tetragonoides Native Spinach; Warrigal Greens 46 Climbers Billardiera cymosa Sweet Appleberry 12 Clematis microphylla Old Man’s Beard 17 Hardenbergia violacea Native Violet; Purple Coral Pea 29 Wetter areas Acacia retinoides Swamp Wattle; Silver Wattle 8 Callistemon sieberi River Bottlebrush 14 Leptospermum lanigerum Silky Tea Tree; Woolly Tea Tree 31
Page 3 of 47
Acacia acinacea Gold-dust wattle
Growing habit Up to 2 metres high and 1.5 wide with an open, sparse habit. Fast growing and may be fairly short lived.
Flowers A spectacular display of flowers completely covers the plant in late winter and early spring
Conditions Dry
Care Water in the first summer only
Uses A coloniser which will fix nitrogen in the soil. Could be planted in groups for a greater effect and to increase its appeal to birds.
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Page 4 of 47
Acacia cupularis (prostrate form) Prostrate Acacia
Growing habit A very dense layered mat of up to 2 metres
Flowers Yellow wattle flowers in winter
Conditions Very dry
Care Water in when planting and than walk away.
Uses This Acacia will cover a large area and is an effective weed suppressant. It will also cover any small plants nearby and becomes difficult to prune back when mature due to its density.
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Page 5 of 47 Acacia paradoxa Kangaroo Thorn
Growing habit A very prickly shrub up to 3 metres high and wide. Fast growing.
Flowers Yellow wattle flowers cover the plant in late winter, early spring.
Conditions Dry
Care Water occasionally in the first summer only. Uses A very important plant for habitat for small birds and mammals as it provides protection from cats and other predators. Plant in groups in areas that are not walked through such as next to fences. A great deterrent for areas where people are not welcome such as graffiti-prone walls.
An Acacia paradoxa hedge at a farm in Nuriootpa
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Page 6 of 47
Acacia pycnantha Golden Wattle
Growing habit The ultimate height of pycnanthas in the Eco Village has been variable ranging from a shrub to a small tree of 6 m. Acacias are generally known as ‘pioneer’ plants that colonise disturbed sites and fix nitrogen in the soil early on, but then die out as other species take over.
Flowers Clusters of scented flowers cover the tree in late winter, early spring.
Conditions They are fairly adaptable, but may grow taller if planted on flat spots eg adjacent to mounds rather than on them.
Care Water over their first summer only. Pruning is not necessary.
Uses Pycnanthas provide nectar for butterflies and honey-eaters love them. A very good windbreak which can grow quite quickly.
Great Examples: Adjacent to the Visitors Info sign in Dianella Way; cnr of Hakea and Olearia Walk on the eastern side.
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Page 7 of 47 Acacia retinoides Swamp wattle
Growing habit A graceful small tree growing up to 6 metres.
Flowers Late winter and spring.
Conditions It grows naturally along creek-lines so to thrive needs to be planted where rainfall pools winter
Care Should only need water in the first summer if planted in the right place
Uses Screening and beauty
Great Examples: On Yacca Way in the rip-rap; cnr Grevillea Way and Tetragonia Walk in the rip-rap
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Page 8 of 47
Allocasuarina verticillata Drooping She-oak
Growing habit A tree, growing up to 10 metres high
Flowers Sheoks can be male or female. In autumn the male plants have rusty golden threads and an overall golden appearance when in flower; the female plants develop cones in a rounded cluster.
Conditions Sheoks will grow in dry conditions and like eucalypts are very effective at seeking moisture from the surrounding area. They may stunt growth in other plants nearby for this reason. They are shallow-rooted and are better suited to flat ground rather than the side of a mound as they may uproot and fall over in the wind.
Uses Provides filtered shade, and makes a stirring sound when the wind passes through. An effective wind-break when combined with other vegetation. Sheoks host many insects which feed smaller birds, and the fruit is food for the Yellow-Tailed Black Cockatoo and other parrots.
Great Examples: Clematis Walk; and below the dam at the end of Market St.
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Page 9 of 47 Atriplex semibaccata Berry saltbush
Growing habit An attractive groundcover with grey- green leaves which grows to about 1.5 metres
Flowers Insignificant white flowers with small flat red edible berries.
Conditions Dry
Care Water very occasionally over its first summer than not at all
Uses A hardy and attractive groundcover. Is not thick enough to outdo soursobs.
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Page 10 of 47 Banksia marginata Silver banksia
Growing habit Can grow to 6m tall but is highly variable
Flowers Any time of the year
Conditions Banksias needs very good drainage and are usually found on the coast or in sandy soil. Quite a few have been planted in AAEV but perhaps only one (pictured) has survived, and it has really thrived. Perhaps try planting them in rip-rap areas or create a mound of sand mixed in with top-soil to a depth of 30cm. If planted in heavy, clay soil with poor drainage they will probably remain stunted and may go yellow from the high alkalinity which can lock up the intake of iron.
Care Banksias are very susceptible to phosphorous (which occurs naturally only at very low levels in our soil). Do not plant near food-producing beds where the run-off from fertilizers may occur.
Uses Loved by nectar-eating birds and marsupials
Great Example: Grevillea Way near Carter St
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Page 11 of 47 Billardiera cymosa Sweet appleberry
Growing habit A delicate looking but vigorous twining climber to 2 metres, or a scrambling shrub to 1 metre tall.
Flowers Beautiful purple-blue flowers in spring and summer
Conditions Dry, sun, part shade
Care Prune to shape if growing as a climber, or tip prune to create a dense bush. Very little water is required.
Uses Great as a screening plant for a fence as they grow bushy from the ground up. If grown as a bush they will create colour in the garden. Deserves to be much more widely planted in AAEV. The fruits were eaten by Kaurna and have an aniseed flavour.
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Page 12 of 47 Bursaria spinosa Christmas bush
Growing habit A thorny, sparse growing shrub to 3 metres high.
Flowers Masses of perfumed white flowers cover the bush in late spring and summer.
Conditions Adaptable to different conditions
Care Water over its first summer, and try pruning after flowering as it is prone to be spindly.
Uses Thorny plants provide excellent protection for small birds from predators, and are more effective as habitat if planted in groups. If Bursaria was planted with Acacia paradoxa it would be like a bird hotel and would reward you with flowers in both winter and summer. Bursaria also supplies an important source of nectar to native birds over the dryer summer months when little else is in flower. The fruiting capsules that develop over autumn provide food for insects, beetles and spiders.
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Page 13 of 47 Callistemon sieberi River bottlebrush
Growing habit Grows to 3 metres tall
Flowers Small cream bottle-brush flowers in summer
Conditions Grows naturally along creek banks so will need some moisture such as dam edges, rip-raps or boggy spots.
Care Prune after flowering as flowers appear on the new growth each year.
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Page 14 of 47
Callitris gracillis Native Pine
Growing habit Slow growing to 10 metres
Conditions Dry
Care Very tough once established, but can be slow to get going. Water for the first summer.
Uses The Callitris is the most formal of the local natives. Use it to mark an entrance, walkway, street sign etc, or in a row along a driveway.
Great Examples: By both the Dianella Walk and Hakea Walk signs.
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Page 15 of 47 Carpobrotus rossii Native Pig Face
Growing habit Will cover a large area in the right conditions and will hang over rock walls.
Flowers Large pink flowers cover the plant in spring and summer.
Care Pigface like it hot and will come alive in summer with no watering. They grow naturally in sandy soils or on cliffs.
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Page 16 of 47 Clematis microphylla Old man’s beard
Growing habit A delicate looking but vigorous climber to several metres. Plants are male and female and ask the grower to try and give you both to maximise flowering.
Flowers Delicate wispy flowers in late winter and spring. After flowering, the female plants develop clusters of fluffy seeds which cover the plant, hence its common name.
Conditions Dry, full sun or part shade
Care Prune to shape if training it to grow along a structure.
Uses Grow over fences or scramble over anything including other plants or signs - it won’t harm them. Clematis might be too delicate in leaf to be an effective screener. Both male and female flowers attract bees. The fluffy seeds are used by birds to line their nests.
Great Example: In the mound in front of 18 Yacca Way (pictured).
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Page 17 of 47 Dianella revoluta Flax lily
Growing habit Ultimately forms a large clump of around 1 metre diameter.
Flowers Beautiful blue flowers on stalks in spring. Round purple fruit.
Conditions
Adaptable to most conditions, including part shade. Photo: Ben Moulton
Care Only needs watering the first summer.
Uses Strappy plants that look particularly good in a massed planting, lining a path or at the bottom of a mound. The fruit and seed are eaten by birds and lizards.
Great Examples: By the Dianella Walk sign
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Page 18 of 47 Disphyma crassifolium Round-leaved Pig Face
Growing habit A small rounded succulent leafed plant.
Flowers Hot pink flowers in summer.
Care Likes a hot dry position. Has not been very successful in the AAEV mounds, with the leaves turning black in winter, probably due to the increased moisture levels created by soursobs.
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Page 19 of 47 Dodonaea viscosa Sticky Hop Bush
Growing habit To 4m tall and 3 m wide
Flowers Distinctive red leaf-like flowers
Conditions Dry
Care Tip prune often when young, and then again annually after flowering to promote bushiness
Uses An effective windbreak, particularly when combined with one or two other rows of windbreak plants.
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Page 20 of 47 Enchylaena tomentosa Ruby saltbush
Growing habit A very dense mat to 1 metre
Flowers Insignificant flowers. Edible and decorative berries that range from hot pink to orange or red.
Photo: Ben Moulton
Conditions Dry
Care Perhaps our most hardy groundcover - water until it starts growing then forget about it. It will take over the area in which it is growing, so choose to be willing to prune it back.
Uses Enchylaena provides a green blanket all through summer and will suppress weeds, including soursobs. It is effective for hanging over rocks or retaining walls. The fruit is eaten and distributed by birds and lizards which must be already occurring as they are regenerating widely. No need to buy these plants – ask around – they will be readily available in people’s yards.
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Page 21 of 47 Eucalyptus camadulensis River Red Gum
Growing habit A fast growing large tree of up to 30 metres if it has access to water
Flowers White flowers appear in late summer
Conditions Red gums needs access to water as they naturally grow along creeks and rivers. Keep well away from houses and underground services.
Care Water for the first summer only
Uses A living sculpture. Its nesting hollows are critical for birds and bats.
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Page 22 of 47 Eucalyptus porosa Mallee Box
Growing habit A tree that grows up to 10m tall with a straight upright trunk.
Flowers Small white eucalypt flowers
Conditions The porosa is adapted to our heavy and alkaline soils and can tolerate drought. Plant at least 3.5 metres from underground pipes.
Care Water over the first summer only.
Uses Shade. Will attract possums and birds.
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Page 23 of 47 Eutaxia microphylla Mallee pea
Growing habit A small plant of up to 80 cm
Flowers Yellow or orange pea-like flowers in winter and spring.
Conditions Dry. Has not been widely grown in AAEV.
Uses Colour; a food plant for the Fringed Blue Butterfly.
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Page 24 of 47 Goodenia albiflora White goodenia
Growing habit A sprawling herb to about .5 high with blue-green leaves.
Flowers Beautiful white flowers
Conditions Not planted widely in AAEV. In the wild it is often found on slopes including rocky limestone, and may be a useful soil binder. It is not dense enough to out-compete soursobs.
Uses Distinctive leaf colour that is attractive if planted in groups, and will also spread. Attracts butterflies and insects.
Great Examples: Tetragonia Walk
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Page 25 of 47 Goodenia amplexans Clasping Goodenia
Growing habit To 50 cm high and 1 metre wide
Flowers Attractive yellow flowers in late summer, autumn and sporadically throughout the year
Conditions Dry
Care Leaves have a habit of browning off and this can detract from the look of this plant. If pruned, stems will reshoot.
Uses Colour and the leaves smell spicy after rain. Attracts native bees.
Great Example: Tetragonia Walk
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Page 26 of 47 Grevillea lavandulacea Lavender Grevillea
Growing habit To 30 cm high and 50cm wide
Flowers W0. inter and spring
Conditions Few have survived at AAEV and it may be because of our compacted clay. Grevilleas need excellent drainage – create a mound of top soil to plant into if possible, or add sand.
Grevilleas are also very susceptible to phosphorous (which does not occur naturally in our soil), so do not plant near food-producing beds where you may get run-off from fertilizers.
Uses Loved by nectar-eating birds and insects
Great Example: Dianella Way on the eastern mound, although it will only be noticeable when flowering
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Page 27 of 47 Hakea rugosa Short-beaked hakea
Growing habit A small shrub to 50 cm high. Sharp thorn-like leaves.
Flowers Creamy flowers in winter and spring
Conditions Needs excellent drainage. Hakeas have been largely unsuccessful in AAEV so if you have success than share your secret.
Uses Food for honeyeaters and insects, a nesting site for wrens
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Page 28 of 47 Hardenbergia violacea Native Violet
Growing habit Can be pruned to be either a climber to 3m or will grow naturally to a smaller shrub to 1m.
Flowers Sprays of lilac-like flowers in winter
Conditions Adaptable in moist to dry conditions, full sun to part-shade Photo: Ben Moulton
Care Tip prune when young. Hardenbergias are prone to woodiness and an annual prune after flowering will encourage new growth and more flowers next year.
Uses As a screen on fences, and to add colour to the garden. Provides food for the Common Grass-Blue Butterfly.
Great example: Cnr Tetragonia Walk and Grevillea Way
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Page 29 of 47 Kennedia prostrata Running postman
Growing habit A spreading ground cover to 2 metres
Flowers Prolific red pea-like flowers in spring and summer
Conditions Dry
Care Water first summer only
Uses A very attractive, non-invasive groundcover for areas where soursobs are under control. Will weave around other taller plants, and hang over retaining walls or rocks. Provides larva for the Pea Blue Butterfly
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Page 30 of 47 Leptospermum lanigerum Silky Tea-Tree
Growing habit A medium shrub to 3m
Flowers ‘Geraldton Wax’ – like flowers in spring
Conditions Does best with some moisture – dam edges, rip-raps, boggy spots or somewhere close to the house where you can spare some water. Some that had grown to 2 metres in a dry spot died in the drought.
Care Tip prune regularly, particularly when young to encourage a bushy habit
Uses A very graceful plant that provides a good screen, a windbreak in combination with other plants, or it could form a feathery hedge
Great Example: In the main car-park near the kids swing. This Tea-Tree defies the ‘conditions’ described above!
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Page 31 of 47 Leucophyta brownii Cushion bush
Growing habit A dense rounded shrub, highly variable in size but up to 1m across
Flowers Tiny button-like flowers in late summer
Conditions Tolerant to dry soils
Care For the patient - an overall light prune after flowering will encourage new growth, as they can become leggy after a few years.
Uses A structural plant that creates a strong border. Good for lining pathways or driveways as their silvery foliage is visible in the moonlight. The form varies with the seed source – ask Indigeflora for advice.
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Page 32 of 47 Lotus australis Austral Trefoil
Growing habit A herb to 50 cm high. Lotus is fast growing but may be short-lived. It releases plentiful seed that bursts from legume-like pods so may regenerate.
Flowers Masses of white to pink flowers in spring
Conditions Dry
Care Lotus may be dwarfed by soursobs in winter so needs to be weeded around and maybe better suited to areas close to the house for this reason.
Uses Lotus is a beautiful plant that provides colour, fixes nitrogen in the soil and supplies food for the Peal Blue and Common Grass Blue Butterflies. It deserves wider planting in AAEV.
Great Examples: at the base of the Olearia Walk sign (seed from Sellicks Beach) and at the rear of Lot 47 Hakea Walk (Maslins Beach seed), see the difference.
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Page 33 of 47 Melaleuca lanceolata Dryland tea tree
Growing habit Slow growing tree to 10 metres high
Flowers Bottle-brush-like flowers in spring and summer
Conditions Adaptable
Care May grow larger with access to water. No pruning required.
Uses Windbreak; shading; nectar.
Great Examples: At the main entrance to AAEV, on the traffic island.
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Page 34 of 47 Myoporum insulare Coastal boobialla
Growing habit Up to 3 metres high and 5 - 6 metres wide
Flowers Tiny white flowers in winter, succulent-like leaves and red fleshy berries
Conditions Tolerant to dry conditions
Care Water for the first summer then forget. No pruning required.
Uses Perhaps our most effective windbreak
Great Examples: Next to the Hakea Walk sign; on the western side of the Quandong orchard; in the Amphitheatre.
This Myoporum single-handedly shelters our courtyard from the south-westerlies, and has been pruned to allow walking access.
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Page 35 of 47 Myoporum parvifolium Creeping boobialla
Growing habit Forms a flat mat of up to 1.5m
Flowers Long lasting white flowers in summer
Conditions Dry
Uses Myoporum is a very attractive and trouble-free ground cover that will help suppress weeds although soursobs will still find their way through.
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Page 36 of 47 Myoporum viscosum Sticky boobialla
Growing habit Up to 2 metres high and 4 m wide, a more delicate-looking plant than the Myoporum insulare
Flowers Small white flowers in winter, berries
Conditions Adaptable to dry conditions. Naturally occurs on the banks of the Onkaparinga River, so may grow bigger in moister conditions.
Care Tip prune when young, then prune after flowering to maintain bushiness
Uses A very beautiful and effective windbreak. The berries provide food for small birds.
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Page 37 of 47
Olearia axillaris Coastal daisy bush
Growing habit Up to 2 metres high and wide
Flowers Unusual woolly flowers in autumn
Conditions Dry
Care Are prone to growing leggy if not pruned. Tip prune when young, and prune to shape after flowering to create a dense form.
Uses A very effective windbreak. Olearias can be planted densely and pruned into a hedge. The silver grey foliage provides a good contrast to other plants.
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Page 38 of 47 Olearia passerinoides Mallee daisy bush
Growing habit 1 - 2 metres tall
Flowers Small white flowers in winter
Conditions Dry
Care Tip prune when young and again after flowering to increase bushiness.
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Page 39 of 47 Olearia ramulosa Twiggy daisy bush
Growing habit Up to 1.5 metres tall and 2 metres wide
Flowers Tiny white flowers in autumn
Conditions Dry
Care Tip prune when young but may not need pruning again when established. Water in the first summer only.
Uses A very effective mid-sized windbreak that grows naturally in a fairly formal shape. Can be planted densely and pruned into a hedge.
Olearia ramulosa and Olearia axillaris planted as a windbreak
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Page 40 of 47 Pittosporum phylliraeoides
Weeping Pittosporum; Native apricot
Growing habit A small tree to 7m with a weeping habit. It seems to be slow growing in clay. The fruit is not edible and was only used medicinally by Kaurna, but birds love it.
Photo: Ben Moulton Flowers Tiny yellow flowers in summer, and distinctive orange fruit in winter
Conditions Dry
Care Occasional watering over first summer then forget
Uses A distinctive looking tree that would look good planted in groups
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Page 41 of 47
Rhagodia candolleana Seaberry Saltbush
Growing habit A fairly unruly plant growing to 1m tall and 2m wide. Fast growing.
Flowers Insignificant flowers, red berries in summer.
Conditions Dry
Care Water occasionally over its first summer than not at all.
Uses Rhagodia will cover large bare areas including soursobs and other weeds, but will also cover small plants. Because of its dense growing habit it may be better suited under trees or on mounds that have large bare spaces, otherwise fairly frequent pruning back may be required.
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Page 42 of 47 Scaevola albida White fan flower
Growing habit Forms a mat 30 - 40cm wide
Flowers Spring or summer
Conditions Dry Photo: Ben Moulton
Care Has not been planted much at AAEV. Given its small size it will need to be weeded around and may be better planted near the house for this reason.
Uses Colour; attracts butterflies including the Meadow Argus.
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Page 43 of 47 Scaevola crassifolia Cushion fan-flower
Growing habit Up to 50cm high and 1.5 metres wide
Flowers Pale blue fan flowers in spring and summer. Semi- succulent leaves.
Conditions Dry Photo: Ben Moulton
Care Removing the dead flower spikes will encourage further flowering but is not necessary.
Uses Will overhang retaining walls and provide colour. Attracts butterflies including the Meadow Argus.
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Page 44 of 47 Senecio lautus Variable Groundsel
Growing habit A small herb up to 50 cm high. Short lived but will germinate easily.
Flowers Beautiful yellow daisy-like flowers in spring
Care Prune after flowering and grow in a weeded area to promote regeneration
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Page 45 of 47 Tetragonia tetragonioides Native Spinach; Warrigal Greens
Growing habit A sprawling ground cover.
Flowers Insignificant yellow flowers followed by small woody fruits.
Care Tough with waxy leaves, it can be grown in, or adjacent to your veggie patch or in a drier corner.
Uses The leaves are edible and can be cooked like spinach. Captain Cook used the plant as a fresh vegetable for protection against scurvy, and Sir Joseph Banks took seeds back to England where it was grown in Kew Gardens and called Botany Bay Spinach.
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Page 46 of 47 Vittadinia blackii New Holland daisy
Growing habit A small rounded plant of up to 50 cm. The Vittadinia is short-lived but disperses abundant seed so may regenerate itself.
Flowers Tiny blue flowers with the woolly seed heads being more prominent
Conditions Dry
Uses An interesting cottage garden-style plant that looks good in groups or along pathways or borders
Great Examples: Hakea Walk in the common land behind Lot 47
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Page 47 of 47