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Tilray Inc - Class 2 Annual Report 2021

Form 10-K (NASDAQ:TLRY)

Published: July 28th, 2021

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UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

(Mark One) ☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended May 31, 2021 OR ☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM TO Commission File Number 001-38594

TILRAY, INC. (Exact name of Registrant as specified in its Charter)

Delaware 82-4310622 (State or other jurisdiction of (I.R.S. Employer incorporation or organization) Identification No.) 655 Madison Avenue, Suite 1900 New York, NY 10065 (Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code) Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: ( 844) 845-7291

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Trading Title of each class Symbol(s) Name of each exchange on which registered Common Stock, $0.0001 par value per share TLRY The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC The Nasdaq Global Select Market Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. YES ☒ NO ☐ Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act. YES ☐ NO ☒ Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. YES ☒ NO ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit such files). YES ☒ NO ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☒ Accelerated filer ☐

Non-accelerated filer ☐ Smaller reporting company ☐

Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes- Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☒ Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). YES ☐ NO ☒ The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates of the Registrant, based on the closing price of the shares of the Registrant’s Common Stock on The Nasdaq Global Select Stock Market on June 30, 2020, was approximately $675.6 million. As of July 22, 2021 there were 449,220,809 shares of the Registrant’s Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share, issued and outstanding.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE Part III incorporates certain information by reference from the definitive proxy statement to be filed by the registrant in connection with the 2021 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the “Proxy Statement”) with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Regulation 14A not later than 120 days after the end of the year ended May 31, 2021, provided that if such Proxy Statement is not filed within such period, such information will be included in an amendment to this Form 10‑K to be filed within such 120-day period.

Table of Contents

Page PART I Item 1. Business 5 Item 1A. Risk Factors 17 Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments 45 Item 2. Properties 45 Item 3. Legal Proceedings 46 Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures 50

PART II Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities 51 Item 6. [Reserved] 52 Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations 53 Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk 72 Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data 74 Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure 128 Item 9A. Controls and Procedures 128 Item 9B. Other Information 130

PART III Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance 131 Item 11. Executive Compensation 131 Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters 131 Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence 131 Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services 131

PART IV Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules 132 Item 16. Form 10-K Summary 136

In this Annual Report on Form 10-K, “we,” “our,” “us,” “Tilray,” and the “Company” refer to Tilray, Inc. and, where appropriate, its consolidated subsidiaries. This report contains references to our trademarks and trade names and to trademarks and trade names belonging to other entities. Solely for convenience, trademarks and trade names referred to in this report may appear without the ® or ™ symbols, but such references are not intended to indicate, in any way, that their respective owners will not assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, their rights thereto. We do not intend our use or display of other companies’ trademarks or trade names to imply a relationship with, or endorsement or sponsorship of us by, any other companies.

PRESENTATION OF FINANCIAL AND OTHER INFORMATION

On December 15, 2020, Tilray, Inc. and Aphria Inc. (“Aphria”) entered into an Arrangement Agreement (as amended, the “Arrangement Agreement”), pursuant to which Tilray acquired all of the issued and outstanding common shares of Aphria pursuant to a plan of arrangement (the “Plan of Arrangement”) under the Ontario Business Corporations Act (the “Arrangement”). The transaction closed on April 30, 2021. The Arrangement was structured as a reverse acquisition pursuant to which Tilray is the legal acquirer and Aphria is the acquirer for accounting purposes. Aphria’s historical financial statements became the historical financial statements of Tilray. The acquired assets and liabilities of Tilray are included in the consolidated balance sheets as of April 30, 2021 and the results of its operations and cash flows are included in the consolidated statement of income (loss) and comprehensive income (loss) and cash flows for periods beginning after April 30, 2021. The operating results for the prior years are those of Aphria. Prior to April 30, 2021 Aphria was a foreign private issuer reporting its financial statements under International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as issued by the International Accounting Standard Boards. The financial statements of Tilray in this Form 10-K are presented in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”).

In addition, on the effective date of the Arrangement, Tilray changed its fiscal year from a year ending December 31 to a year ending May 31, to conform its fiscal year end to that of Aphria.

PART I

Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements This Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended May 31, 2021 (the “Form 10-K”) contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, relating to our business and financial outlook, which are based on our current beliefs, assumptions, expectations, estimates, forecasts and projections about future events only as of the date of this Form 10-K, and are not statements of historical fact. We make such forward-looking statements pursuant to the “safe harbor” provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements are often identified by the use of words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “project,” “will,” “would” or the negative or plural of these words or similar expressions or variations. Such forward-looking statements and forward- looking information are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties, assumptions and other factors that could cause actual results and the timing of certain events to differ materially from future results expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements or forward-looking information. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those identified in this Form 10-K and those discussed in the sections titled “Risk Factor Summary” set forth below, titled “Risk Factors” set forth in Part I, Item 1A of this Form 10-K, and titled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation” set forth in Part II, Item 7 of this Form 10-K, and in our other SEC and Canadian public filings. Therefore, these forward-looking statements are not guarantees or promises of our future performance and involve risks, uncertainties, estimates and assumptions that are difficult to predict. As a result, our actual outcomes and results may differ materially from those expressed in these forward-looking statements. You should not place undue reliance on any of these forward-looking statements. Further, any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date hereof, unless it is specifically otherwise stated to be made as of a different date. We undertake no obligation to further update any such statement, or the risk factors described in Item 1A under the heading “Risk Factors,” to reflect new information, the occurrence of future events or circumstances or otherwise.

Risk Factor Summary Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk. Below is a summary of material factors that make an investment in our securities speculative or risky. Importantly, this summary does not address all of the risks that we face. Additional discussion of the risks summarized in this risk factor summary, as well as other risks that we face, can be found under the heading “Item 1A—Risk Factors” below. • We are in the early stages of our integration efforts following completion of the arrangement between Tilray and Aphria on April 30, 2021 (the “Arrangement”) and may experience challenges integrating Tilray and Aphria’s operations and fully achieving the expected benefits of the Arrangement. • Risks related to the COVID-19 pandemic have and will continue to impact our operations and adversely adverse effect our business, results of operations and financial condition. • Our business is dependent upon regulatory approvals and licenses, ongoing compliance and reporting obligations, and timely renewals. • Government regulation is evolving, and unfavorable changes could impact our ability to carry on our business as currently conducted and the potential expansion of our business. • Our production and processing facilities are integral to our business and adverse changes or developments affecting our facilities may have an adverse impact on our business. • We face intense competition, and anticipate competition will increase, which could hurt our business. • We may not be able to successfully develop new products or commercialize such products. • The long-term effect of the legalization of adult-use in on the industry is unknown, and may negatively impact our medical cannabis business. • United States regulations relating to -derived CBD products are unclear and rapidly evolving, and changes may not develop in the timeframe or manner most favorable to our business objectives.

• We have a limited operating history and a history of net losses, and we may not achieve or maintain profitability in the future. • We are subject to litigation, arbitration and demands, which could result in significant liability and costs, and impact our resources and reputation. • We are exposed to risks relating to the laws of various countries as a result of our international operations. • Our strategic alliances and other third-party business relationships may not achieve the intended beneficial impact and expose us to risks. • We depend on significant customers for a substantial portion of our revenue. If we fail to retain or expand our customer relationships or significant customers reduce their purchases, our revenue could decline significantly. • Significant interruptions in our access to certain supply chains for key inputs such as raw materials, supplies, electricity, water and other utilities may impair our operations. • Management may not be able to successfully establish and maintain effective internal controls over financial reporting. • The price of our common stock in public markets has experienced and may continue to experience severe volatility and fluctuations. • The volatility of our stock and the stockholder base may hinder or prevent us from engaging in beneficial corporate initiatives. • The terms of our outstanding warrants may limit our ability to raise additional equity capital or pursue acquisitions, which may impact funding of our ongoing operations and cause significant dilution to existing stockholders. • We may not have the ability to raise the funds necessary to settle conversions of the convertible securities in cash or to repurchase the convertible securities upon a fundamental change. • We are subject to other risks generally applicable to our industry and the conduct of our business.

Item 1. Business. Our Vision and Purpose Our vision is to build the leading global cannabis-lifestyle consumer packaged goods company that is changing people’s lives for the better – one person at a time – by inspiring and empowering the worldwide community to live their very best life by providing them with products that meet the needs of their mind, body and soul and invoke a sense of wellbeing. We are a purpose-driven company that, each and every day, seeks to be the trusted partner for our patients and consumers by providing them with a cultivated experience and health and wellbeing through high-quality, differentiated brands and innovative products. Today, we are a leading global cannabis and consumer packaged goods company, with operations in Canada, the United States, Europe, Australia and , that is pioneering the future of medical, wellness and adult-use cannabis cultivation, processing and distribution. As a purpose-driven organization, we continuously explore ways to deliver on our values and commitments to serve all our key stakeholders, including our stockholders, and seek to implement sustainable business practices.

Our Commitments and Values We are committed to changing people’s lives for the better by investing in our products, our people and our planet. In an emerging and constantly evolving industry, our values unite us, informing and inspiring the way we work with our employees, patients, consumers and one another. The following core values serve as our compass in our strategic direction and decisions: • We put people first. We are committed to significantly improving the lives of as many people as possible – whether it is meeting the needs of our patients and consumers, building a best-in-class, diverse workforce that’s more representative of all people or giving back and supporting our neighbors in the communities we call home. We are dedicated to helping people live their very best life. • We lead by example. We are passionate about pioneering the future of medical, wellness and adult-use cannabis and hemp cultivation, processing and distribution in a responsible manner. As a leading global cannabis company, we are committed to helping to establish industry standards that continue to support the health and wellbeing of our employees, our patients and consumers and the communities we call home. • We respect the earth. We are committed to ensuring that our actions and those of our employees have a positive impact on the environment around us. We continue to identify and implement sustainable growing and business practices that provide efficiencies, cost reduction benefits, and lessen our impact on the environment. • We take responsibility to heart. We believe it is our responsibility to ensure the safety of our employees, patients, consumers and the worldwide community. To that end, we are committed to providing access to legal, safe, high-quality cannabis products and to keeping cannabis out of the hands of youth. Our partnerships and programs reflect our ongoing commitment to the safety of our worldwide communities through education, responsible use and meaningful corporate citizenship.

Our Company Tilray, Inc. (“Tilray”, “we”, “us”, “our” or the “Company”) is a global pioneer in cannabis research, cultivation, production and distribution, incorporated in the State of Delaware on January 24, 2018. On April 30, 2021, Tilray and Aphria completed the Arrangement. The business combination brought together two highly complementary businesses to create a leading cannabis-focused consumer packaged goods company with one of the largest global geographic footprints in the industry. With a focus on sustainability, our state-of-the-art greenhouses and cultivation operations, processing and distribution facilities make us one of the world’s leading fully-integrated cannabis companies. We were among the first companies to be permitted to cultivate and sell legal medical cannabis. Today, w e supply high-quality medical cannabis products to tens of thousands of patients in 20 countries spanning five continents through our global subsidiaries, and through agreements with established pharmaceutical distributors. We are a leader in the recreational adult-use market in Canada where we offer a broad-based portfolio of adult-use brands and products, and continue to expand our portfolio to include new innovative cannabis products and formats. We maintain agreements to supply all Canadian provinces and the Yukon and Northwest Territories with our adult-use products for sale through their established retail distribution systems. We believe that our differentiated

portfolio of brands, which is designed to resonate with consumers in all categories, sets us apart from our competitors and is providing us with the ability to establish a leading position in the adult-use market in Canada. Therefore, we are investing in brand building with our consumers, new product innovation, insights, distribution, trade marketing and cannabis education to drive market share in the Canadian adult-use cannabis industry. Through Fresh Hemp Foods Ltd. (“Manitoba Harvest”), we are also a leading hemp food manufacturer. Manitoba Harvest produces, manufactures, markets and distributes a broad-based portfolio of hemp-based food products, which are sold in major retailers across the U.S. and Canada. In November 2020, Aphria acquired SW Brewing Company, LLC (“SweetWater”), the 11 th largest craft brewery in the United States according to Brewers Association. Founded in 1997, SweetWater has broad consumer appeal and has established strong distribution across the United States. From its state-of-the-art brewery in Atlanta, Georgia, SweetWater produces a balanced variety of year-round and seasonal specialty craft brews. Following completion of the Arrangement, we reconstituted our senior management team with members from both Aphria and Tilray. The experienced new leadership team provides a strong foundation to accelerate our growth and capitalize on the business combination’s many benefits. Our management team is complemented by experienced operators, cannabis industry experts, PhD scientists, horticulturists, and extraction specialists, all of whom apply the latest scientific knowledge and technology to deliver quality-controlled, rigorously tested cannabis products on a large scale.

Our Opportunity With the closing of the Arrangement, we are now focused on executing our highest return priorities including business integration and accelerating our global growth strategy. Tilray is poised to transform the industry with our highly scalable operational footprint, a curated portfolio of diverse medical and adult-use cannabis brands and products, a multi-continent distribution network, and a robust capital structure to fund our global expansion strategy. The business combination provides, among others, the following financial and strategic benefits: • Strategic Footprint and Operational Scale . We believe that we possess the strategic footprint and operational scale necessary to compete more effectively in today’s consolidating cannabis market with a strong, flexible balance sheet, strong cash balance, and access to capital, which we believe gives us the ability to accelerate growth and deliver long-term sustainable value for stockholders. • Low-cost, State-of-the-Art Production & Leading Canadian Adult-Use Cannabis Producer . The demand for our products will be supported by low-cost state-of-the-art cultivation, processing, and manufacturing facilities, and a complete portfolio of branded cannabis 2.0 products to strengthen our leadership position in Canada. • Positioned to Pursue an Accelerated International Growth Strategy . We are well-positioned to pursue international growth opportunities with our strong medical cannabis brands, distribution network in Germany, and end-to-end European Union Good Manufacturing Practices (“EU-GMP”) supply chain, which includes EU-GMP production facilities in Canada, Portugal and Germany. • Enhanced Consumer Packaged Goods Presence and Infrastructure in the U.S. In the United States, we maintain a strong consumer packaged goods presence and infrastructure with two strategic businesses: SweetWater, a leading cannabis lifestyle branded craft brewer; and Manitoba Harvest, a pioneer in branded hemp food and ingredient products. In the event of federal legalization in the U.S., we expect to be well-positioned to compete in the U.S. cannabis market given our existing strong brands and distribution system in addition to our track record of growth in consumer-packaged goods and cannabis products. • Substantial Synergies. The Company expects to deliver significant cost synergies within eighteen months of closing the Arrangement, including cost synergies in the key areas of cultivation and production, cannabis and product purchasing, sales, and marketing, and corporate expenses.

Our Strategy and Outlook As a leading global cannabis company, we are setting the standard for brand development, product innovation and industrial scale cultivation and automation for the production of cannabis grown in environmentally responsible

conditions. Our overall strategy is to leverage our scale, expertise and capabilities to drive market share, achieve industry-leading, profitable growth and build sustainable, long-term shareholder value. In order to ensure long-term sustainable growth, we continue to focus on leveraging consumer insights, drive category management leadership and assess growth opportunities, including the introduction of our product into new geographies, new innovation and strategic partnerships. In addition, we are relentlessly focused on managing our cost of goods and expenses in order to maintain our strong financial position. To achieve our vision of building the leading global cannabis-lifestyle consumer packaged goods company that is changing people’s lives for the better – one person at a time – by inspiring and empowering the worldwide community to live their very best life, we will focus on the following strategies: • Build global brands that lead, legitimize and define the future of cannabis . As the markets where cannabis is legal today continue to grow and develop and as cannabis legalizes in more countries around the world, we see unique opportunities to introduce, market and distribute our broad portfolio of differentiated brands, that will appeal to a diverse base of patients and consumers. We believe we are well positioned to develop leading global brands and drive sustainable growth. • Develop innovative products and form factors that change the way the world consumes cannabis. We plan to continue to develop innovative products and form factors that possess the most consumer demand and are truly differentiated from our competitors, while optimizing our production capabilities. We will continue to invest in innovation in order to continue to provide our patients and consumers with a differentiated portfolio of products that exceeds their expectations and meets their needs. • Grow and leverage our investment in craft beer and hemp-based food . We continue to grow the SweetWater brand by expanding our distribution footprint into new territories and focusing on new product development and innovation that delights our consumers. We seek to drive growth in our Manitoba Harvest brand and other hemp-based food and ingredients products by leveraging our consumer insights and consumer marketing activities, new product development as well as educating the consumer on the benefits from hemp- based foods. • Expand the availability of pure, precise, and predictable medical cannabis products for patients around the world. Since 2014, we have seen an increase in the demand for medical cannabis from both patients, doctors and governments in conjunction with a shift in the medical community, which is increasingly recognizing medical cannabis as a viable option for the treatment of patients suffering from a variety of health conditions. We are focused on driving accessibility to high-quality medical cannabis that is accessible to all and we are well-positioned to do so on a global basis through our EU-GMP certified facilities in Canada, Portugal and Germany. • Leverage our operational scale providing low-cost, high quality production . We believe we have the operational scale necessary to compete more effectively in today’s consolidating cannabis market. Our state-of-the-art facilities are among the lowest cost production operations with the capabilities to produce a complete portfolio of form factors and products, including flower, pre-roll, capsules, vapes, edibles and beverages. We also have a strong, flexible balance sheet, cash balance and access to capital, which we believe will give us the ability to accelerate growth and deliver long-term sustainable value for our stockholders.

Reportable Segments Our business is primarily organized around our product categories, each of which have very different target consumers, go-to-market strategies, distribution networks and margins. This enables us to track and measure our success and build processes for repeatable success in each of these categories. As a result, we have defined our operating segments on a product category basis, as this aligns with how our Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) manages our business, including resource allocation and performance assessment. We report our operating results in five segments: • Cannabis business – Cultivation, production, distribution and sale of both medical and adult-use cannabis products • Distribution business – Purchase and resale of pharmaceutical and wellness products to customers

• Beverage alcohol business – Production, distribution and sale of beverage alcohol products • Wellness business – Production, marketing and distribution of hemp-based food and other wellness products • Business under development – Operations in which we have not received final licensing or have not commenced commercial sales from operations

Revenue in these five business segments, and the year over year comparison, is as follows:

Year Ended % of Year Ended % of Year Ended % of May 31, Total May 31, Total May 31, Total (in thousands of United States dollars) 2021 revenue 2020 revenue 2019 revenue Cannabis business $ 264,334 46% $ 153,477 36% $ 67,592 36% Distribution business 277,300 48% 275,430 64% 119,427 64% Beverage alcohol business 29,661 5% — 0% — 0% Wellness business 5,794 1% — 0% — 0% Business under development — 0% — 0% — 0% Total revenue $ 577,089 100% $ 428,907 100% $ 187,019 100% Excise taxes (64,004) (11%) (23,581) (5%) (7,716) (4)% Net revenue $ 513,085 $ 405,326 $ 179,303

Revenue from our cannabis operations from the following sales channel and the year over year comparison is as follows: Revenue by cannabis sales channel

Year Ended % of Year Ended % of Year Ended % of May 31, Total May 31, Total May 31, Total Cannabis revenue by market 2021 revenue 2020 revenue 2019 revenue Revenue from medical cannabis products $ 25,539 10% $ 28,685 19% $ 33,017 49% Revenue from adult-use cannabis products 222,930 84% 112,207 73% 30,236 45% Revenue from wholesale cannabis products 6,615 3% 12,585 8% 4,339 6% Revenue from international cannabis products 9,250 3% — 0% — 0% Total cannabis revenue by market 264,334 100% 153,477 100% 67,592 100% Excise taxes (62,942) (23,581) (7,716) Cannabis net revenue $ 201,392 $ 129,896 $ 59,876

Our Brands and Products Our brand and product strategy centers on developing a broad portfolio of differentiated brands and products designed to appeal to diverse groups of patients and consumers. Our brand and product activities are designed to comply with all local regulations and requirements, including applicable labelling and marketing restrictions.

Our Medical Brands We currently cultivate, produce, market and distribute medical cannabis products under the Tilray, Aphria and Broken Coast brands. We make our products available to patients, physicians, clinics, pharmacies, governments, hospitals, and researchers, for commercial purposes, compassionate access, and clinical research. • Tilray - The Tilray brand has been established as a global medical cannabis brand and is designed to appeal to prescribers and patients in the global medical market by offering a wide range of high-quality, pharmaceutical-grade medical cannabis and cannabinoid-based products. We believe patients choose the Tilray brand because we adopted rigorous quality standards and the brand is a trusted, scientific based brand known for its pure, precise and predictable medical-grade products. • Aphria - Since 2014, the Aphria brand is a leading, trusted choice for Canadian patients seeking high quality pharmaceutical-grade medical cannabis. Today, the Aphria brand continues to be a leading brand in Canada and, we will continue to leverage its market leadership as we develop our medical cannabis markets internationally under the Aphria brand.

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