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NUMBER 56 25 CENTS-:iIi:i» ..... c· __ · .. -- ; \. JULY IAUGUST 1977

'- f Black Students Defy.· Vorsfer Apartheid Terror '- Stalks Soweto

Resurgent mass protest and brutal police./ the self-pr?claimed representatives of the Soweto' violence marked the first anniversary of the masses. murder of 13-year-old Hector Peterson by Prime In response, police showered the protestors MinisterB.J. Vorster's stormtroopers in Soweto with tear gas and hails of shot gun pellets, last June 16. . , leaving at least three wounded. The following Tens of thousands of black workers stayed day, however, the government backed down and away from work as black youths -demonstrated deferred the. rent increases, and charges 'w~re in commemoration of the Soweto mass,acre dropped against 49 arrested students.' which sparked the continuing revolt' that has Two weeks later, on May 10, another series rocked South Africa and left more than 600 of protests begaI) as hundreds of student~ walked blacks and "Coloureds" (those of mixed race) out of Soweto's' OrlandO High School and three dead, martyred by apartheid terror. Despite other schools, calling for· an end to the system the peaceful' character of the meetings and of' "Bantu education". The students again con­ school boycotts_ organized by Soweto youth over fronted the UBC, demanding that two students the preceeding weeks, the Vorster regime un­ detained in the April 28 demonstrations be leashed its murderous armed guards on the released. By the beginning of June, the increasing protesting st~ents. p ~e~sur.E! ..9t. tl,),~ .• ~o1Yt}io .~WAA.¢,~¥t~,lile~~~~> Council (SSRC) haCt· forced the ma1brltyof tIle The June 16 commemoration followed a rising ~BC to resign. - . series of militant demonstrations against the hellish conditions of everyday life of non-whites Soweto Under Mart'al law under apartheid. On April 28, chanting "Away With High Rents, " and· "We Will Not Pay," As June 16 approached, the South African 2,000 black high school students demonstrated police took measures to forestall any massive in Soweto against the openly punitive 30 to 80 black student· protests. On June 8 scores of perc'ent rent increases. The government-ordered black activists were arrested, including Mapapa measures for the Johannesburg-area black town­ Wauchope, the head of the Black Peoples Con-' ships were supposedly intended to "offsetlosses" vention, and Jackson Nkosiyane, the leader of incurred through the burning down of goverriment­ the Transkei opposition. On June 10 scattered owned shebeens (beer 'halls) during last year's deI!lonstrations by black youths and the stoning protests-but were rightly seen as another attack of vehicles immedi~ately led to further pOlice. on blacks in this overcrowded and squalid labor attacks. compound. The students also demanded the resig­ By June 13 paratroopers had surrounded nation of the quisling Urban Bantu Council (UBC­ Soweto and blO&ked the rgads leading in and' (South African 1'lot'cops (top) pump bullets end widely derid€a as· the', "Useless Boys' Club"), continued on page 5 tear gas Info protestlng'Soweto blacks (bottom).

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Anita Bryant: Vilio'us andObs~!!!~n~ .~

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June 26 demonstration in New York City drew an estimated 100,000 protestors to demand full democratic rights for homosexual!!

,-, 2. YOUNG SPARTACUS Editorial Nole'

Carter Kills IT--.~'~"" ' -l.' ,.it Medicaid Abortions: ~'I'" .,' I 'j. I_ ~ ; ,' -, / ,""".... . / High, Court t_ Vi

i 'j I "N.. " 1-)"'"t . >" SeDleDees Poor .. \"'><. to Back-Alley Butchers

Coat-hanger abortions by back-alley butchers It is necessary for the left and labor movement Supreme Court justices wrote the entire program have been widely regarded as a fading horror in '" and all concerned with defending democratic rights of WONAAC into law, and that was the end of the four years since the U.S. Supreme Court to oppose", these reactionary actions of Congress that "mass movement." legalized termination of pregnancy upon request. and the Supreme Court. These decisions target Yet to this day the SWP /YSA is opposed to But despite its all-purpose "human'rights" rhet­ the 'poor, the young, the uneducated and racial waging ~ struggle'to win free' abortion on demand. oric the Carter administration has just provided and ethnic minorities; 75 percent of the women In a major polemic against the SL/SYL which a boon for the bloody business of the kitchen- who die in home abortions are non-White. And appeared in Intercontinental Press exactly one table quaCks. .' these decisions can only embolden the reactionary, week before the SUpreme Court ruling prohibiting After publicly taking a "personal"standagainst "right-to-life" forces who have set tl1eir sights Medicaid abortions, the SWP again attacked us abortion, Carter recently succeeded in getting on nothing less than forcing through a COn­ for raising the slogan "Free Abortion on Demand" Congress and the Supreme Court to take actions stitutional amendment forbiddipg ail abortions. in WONAAC, arguing that this demand is "a good to halt government funding of abortions. As a Even though these recent moves by C,!ngress proposition that simply was not the issue at the result, many of the estimated 300,000 poor and and the SUpreme Court do not challenge legalized time." working women who every year obtain legal hos­ abortion, they were clearly in response, to the Instead, we are told that poor and working pital abortions funded through Medicaid will be grOwing pressure from reactionary "right-to­ women should be content to make do with Medicaid: left with only one "human right"-choosing be .. life" forces organized by outfits Uke the National "In a country such as the.United States, since the ~73 tween giving birth to unwanted children Or risk­ Rig~ to Life Committee and massively funded Supreme Court decision legalizing abortion, this has ingmutilation and even death at the hands of by the Catholic Church. Commenting on why so meant that abortion costs are coveted by government amateur and fly;'by-night abortionists. many libe~al Democrats recently changed sides social insurance and welfare programs and by many of the That "born-again" Baptist in the White House in the fight. over Medicaid abortions, Oregon private medical plans that most (!] U.S. workers and their no doubt claimed a great victory for "moral Senator Bob Packwood candidly stated, "To Pol­ families possess. This is not exactly free [!!] and there are government" when on June 29 the Senate voted iticians, they [the opponents of abortion] are a currently reactionary attempts to eliminate abortions in favor of a Carter-backed ame'ndment to a frightening force. They are peoplewbo are with from Medicaid coverage'; but legalization was a tremen' Health, Education and Welfare appropriations bill you 99 percent of the time, but if you \Tote against dous gain, nonetheless." that would prohibit Medicaid funding of abortions, them on this issue, it doesn't matter what else -Intercontinental Press, 13 June 1977 except in cases where pregnancy would endanger you stand for" (quoted in the New York Times. Pernaps these reformists are singiri'g a dif­ the' life of a mother or was the result of rape 1 July 1977). ferent tune after the Carter administration axed or incest. Earlier in June the House adopted an More ominous was the SUpreme Court ruling, Medicaid abortions? No, indeed! Even now the even stiffer amendment to the same bill, for­ which' came very close to adopting the Vatican SWP /YSA maintains that free abortion on demand biUding federal funding of any abortion, even when. position that abortion is a "moral" issue. In the is "not the .issue. 11 Search as you will, the call for deemed "medically necessary." , majority decision of the Court, Justice Lewis' \ free abortion on demand is nowhere to be found in " Although the Senate rejected a similar ban Powell stated that it was acceptable for states the lengthy statement issued by the SWP /YSA in last year, Congressional opposition to publicly "to make a value judgement favoring childbirth response to the Supreme Court ruling against funded abortions gained momentum after the over abortion, and to implement that judgement by Medicaid abortions (Militant, 1 July 1977). Supreme Court ruled on June 20 that states had the allocation of public funds." And only a few Just as in WONAAC, so today the SWP/YSA thE! right to prohibit Medicaid abortions. Already days after this. ruling the Court 'Ya'rmed. the heart places its appetites to wheel and deal in the 15 states have laws on the books forbidCiling of the Catholic Church even more by ruling that bourgeois-feminist, red-baiting National Organi­ government funding of "non-therapeutic" abor­ states could increase their aid to parochial zation for Women (NOW) higher than its supposed tions, and more and more states are follOwing schools. commitment to struggle for the needs of working suit. \ The legalization of abortion by the Supreme women. Women may be forced to resort to the Court in 1973 represented a real gain bene­ back-alley butchers in even greater numbers than fitting women and their struggle for democratic, before, but toe SWP /YSA is not about to risk rights. But even that hard-won reform fell far alienating would-be liberal allies by championing short of meeting basic needs of the masses of so "radical" ~ demand as free abortion. (If NOW poor and working women: the right to legal or s( ,me liberal Democrats were to pick up tht! abortion is' a cruel hoax for the welfare mothers demand for their own purposes, then the SWP/YSA who can't afford the medical costs or the Southern could indeed be counted on to at last decide that woman, who can't find a hospital or a doctor free abortion was now-"the issue.") Thus, the willing to provide the service. Especially<;)now, SWP/YSA has the dubious distinqtion of standing to when even the limited state aid for abortion has the right of the arch-reformist British Labour come under attack, a struggle must be mounted Party-which at least stands by the existing system to win FREE ABORTION ON DEMAND. of state-financed abortions for all who need them. It was the Spartacist League and Sparfacus Under capitalism reforms such as legalized youth League that championed that demand in the abortion are always partial and reverSible. Only movement to win legalization of abortion several under the dictatorship' of the proletariat can years ago. But at every step of the way that demand democratic reforms benefitting women be consol­ was opposed by the reformist Socialist Workers idated and extended. As communists our task is Party/Young Socialiat Alliance (SWP/YSA). In to link the necessary struggles against the special numerous meetings and conferences sponsored oppress,ion of women under capitalism to a revo.., by its front'-group, the Women's National Abortion lutionary perspective for mobilizing the entire Action Coalition (WONAAC), the SWP/Y,SA voted working class to smash the capitalist' state and al!ainst motions favoring free abortion on demand. lay the basis for the socialist society free from $2 for By limitIng the movement to the "single issue'" enslaving oppression. 4 issues. of repealing all anti-abortion laws, the SWP/YSA For free abortion on demand by competent hoped to keep WONAAC "re{3pectable" and 1i mod­ Make checkS payable/mail to: medical personnel! erate" enough to attract as sponsors and spokes­ Spartacist Publishing Co. For f r e e, safe and effective contraception men liberal Democrats like Bella Abzug. But­ Box 1377, GPO a vail able to all! alas:,:",before the SWP /YSA made it into the big time For the end of forced sterilization! ~ew York, New York 10001 of class collaborationism so m e aging male For free, quality health care for all! •

'- JULY/AUGUST 1977 3 Interview with Black Student Leader How Boston· Racists Provoked "Southie" Boycott EDITOR'S NOTE: Printed below are Most recently, on June 27 the U.S. tacus Youth League has supported the South Boston Marshals and other excerpts from a recenfYoungSparta­ Supreme Court ruled that a Dayton, busing as a means, albeit limited, racist mgilantes? Are there assaults cus interview with Grace Richardson, OhiO, busing plan was "too broad." to enforce the democratic right of by wfme students on b I a ck students a black student who was among the While refraining from overturning the black people to equal access to public going on now? leaders 0 f t his spring's protests plan, the Court reaffirmed and ex­ educational facilities. At the .same against racist attacks at South Boston tended an' earlier decision (Wash­ time, the SYL has demanded that bus­ G.R.: Yes, there are. Every time High. Her vivid testimony punctures ington vs. Davis) -that intent to dis­ ing be implemented and extended to there's a fight, it was planned-you the tissue of lies which the bourgeOis criminate had to be proven before the relatively superior suburban know it was planned. We have a campus press, whether liberal or conserva­ s e g reg at ion c 0 u 1 d be declared schools. To defeat white Vigilante van which takes the black students ti ve, has fabricated over the last year unconstitutional. terror we have championed the per­ from school to their homes. Some to cover up the segregationist back­ The liberal black leadership and specti ve of mobilizing a labor/black whites threw apole through the window lash which has torn "Southie" ever reformist left have beat a retreat defense based on the mass organi­ of that, and people got cut. And then since the beginning of court-ordered before the anti-busing backlash. The zations of the workers movement and Mr. Winegar got on TV and said no­ busing for desegregation in the fall thing was happening! There used to be of 1974. white students standing on the roof of In the background of the recent pro­ the school throwing rocks at us when tests at South Boston High is the we got off the van. Another time a latest busing plan issued by Federal white parent came up to the school at Judge Arthur Garrity. With the watch­ the same time a black girl was coming word of "stability," his Phase III out, and she jumped on the black desegregation plan holds the number girl. of students to be bused at around 22,000, with the proposed integration, YSp: Is ROAR and other'segregationist of kindergarten classes to be left literature distributed throughout the completely voluntary. Such aproposed high school? freeze on busing led arch-racist Vir­ ginia Sheehy of the South Boston Infor­ G.R.: They don't distribute it inside mation Center to regard the Phase III the high school. They stand down by plan as proof that Garrity "has backed the store next to the high school. off" (quoted in the B aston Herald jim Kelly-he'S on the REC [Racial­ American, 9 May 1977). Ethnic Parents Council ]-and all REC Meanwhile, at the national level the members have a right to come into backlash against school desegregation the school any time they want. has escalated apace. On March 18 the Carter administration made its first YSp: That's Jim Kelly of the South official statement on school integra­ Boston Marshals? tion. While' backing a Wilmington, Delaware, busing plan, the Carter ad­ G.R.: Yeah, the South Boston Infor­ ministration denied that the school mation Center. So, he has a right to districts involved had to ensure racial come into the school any time he balance in each school; the Justice wants. There's a lot of- people coming Department declared, "The existence into that school. Mr. Winegar says .of schools predominantly attended by that no one comes into that school, members of one race does not in itself but that's a lie. All the parents and amount to racial discrimination" (N ew all the agencies are supposed to stay York Times, 19 March 1977). Such a hundred yards away from the school, rulings go a long way in undercutting but the white parents just walk right the landmark 1954 Supreme Court up there any time they feel like it. ae<.:ll:ilOn r u 11 n g t hat segregated A black parent has to call the school school systems-and Wilmington's is and wait to . see when Mr. Winegar 90 per c e n t black-are inherently is free. discriminatory. Saga of "Southie": racist state troopers arresting black students. Since then, Carter has been backing YSP: Have there bee n man y black poliCies that would restrict busing to bourgeois-legalist National Associa­ black community. And in this context stud ents who have been injured or the most narrow possible forms of tion for the Advancement of Colored we demand that the cops be removed hospitalized as are sui t 01 r a cis t "pairing": busing between two neigh­ People (NAACP) actually praised the from South Boston High. assaults? boring schools. But the Department of Supreme Court decision requiring The situation at South Boston High Health, Education and Welfare,(HEW) proof of intent to segregate, while today, as Grace Richardson so power­ G.R.: I know so many people that was denied the means to enforce even calling for the moving of South Boston fully describes, cries out for just got hurt. Last year my friend got this limited bUSing when on June 16 High to a "neutral" location-a com­ such a counteroffensive to defend kicked down three flights of stairs. the House, and on June 28 the Senate, plete capitulation before the racist black rights and to drive forward the passed amendments to a HEW ap­ offensive. struggle for revolutionary integration. YSP: Could you describe how it propriations bill preventing the with­ Attempting to give the NAACP happened? holding of federal fundS from school a "left"cover, the social-democratic * * * conttnued on P4ge 10 districts that fail to comply with Socialist Workers Party/Young So­ Yourig ::''Partacus: Over the last year desegregation guidelines. cialist Alliance (SWP/YSA) 'and its the bourgeois media has maintained empty-shell front group, the National a virtual blackout on news about the Student Coalition Against Racism, situation at South Boston High. The Young Spartacus likewise support ~e demand to move New York Times, lor example, re­ the school, while preaching that the ported that this has been a nquietn year at nSouthie. n How was this year Young Spartacus is the newspaper of the embattled black students should rely Spartacus Youlh League. The Spartacus on the cops and troopers to "pro­ compared to last year's racist Youth League, youth section of the Spartacist tect" them from racist attacks. As harassment and assaults on the black League, is a socialist youth organization which intervenes in social struggles armed the cops daily demonstrate which students bused into South Boston? with a working:class program, based on the side they're on in South Boston, politics of Marx, Lenin and Trotsky. the SWP /YSA has taken to covering Grace Richardson: I think it's worse Editorial Board: Charles O'Brien (editor), Samuel Lewis (managing editor), Steve up the news of cop provocations and than last year, I really do. I guess Green, Mary Jo McAllister attacks in "Southie" no less than the the reason why the black students Production manager: K. Johnson bourgeois press. and the black community haven'tspo­ Circulation manager: M. Sanders Moving South Boston High to ken up until the end of the school Opinions expressed in signed articles or letters do not necessarily express the editorial another location is not the solution year is because they were waiting viewpoint. for defeating the racist backlash, to see what Winegar [principal of Published monthly, except bi-monthly in July either in the school or in white­ South Boston High School appOinted and August, by the Spartacus Youth yublishing Co., 260 West Broadway, New racist strongholds such as South Bos­ by Judge Garrity] was going to do York, N.Y, 10013. Telephone: 925-4295 ton. It would only embolden the for the school. He hasn't done much '75 cents (Editorial), 925-5665 (Business). Address all racists and represent a retreat from at all. He ignores the black students. correspondence to: Box 825, Canal Street Make chec'ks payable/mail W: Station, New York, N.Y. 10013. Domestic the necessary struggle to implement Spartacus Youth Publishing Co. subscriptions: $2.00 per year. Second-class school desegregation. YSP: Have there been organizea as­ Box 825, Canal street Station, postage paid at New York, N.Y. Ever since the beginning ux ousing saults on black students coming from New York, N.Y. 10013 in Boston three years ago, the Spar- outside the school organized by ROAR. .. YOUNG SPARTACUS Anita Bryant:· Vicious and Obscenel Bigotry and social backwardness a throng that extended a full 27 blocks. tucky two years ago, one of the com­ hunting campaigns, the teachers chalked up a victory for reaction when It is incumbent upon the left and plaints of irate Fundamentalist par­ unions must fight to defend the demo­ a controversial homosexual rights or­ labor movement as well as all those ents was that some of the proposed cratic rights and union prerogatives dinance in Dade County, Florida, went who stand for the d e fen s e of readings, such as poetry by Allen of their members from such anti­ down to a stinging 2-to-1 defeat in a democratic rights to take a firm stand Ginsberg, contained references to homosexual crusades. local referendum on June 7. against the reactionary backlash homosexuality that would allegedly Dade County hit the national head­ against homosexual rights. We oppose "corrupt" the school children. Similar Democratic Rights and lines when a campaign to repeal the all legislation which discriminates book-banning crusades h a v e been r~ Miami ordinance prohibiting discrim­ against homosexuals and fight for mounted in Northern towns with "Community Standards" ination a g a ins tho m 0 sex u a 1 s in their full democratic rights. As we "progressive" reputations (see "Bible housing, employment and public ac­ stated in an article entitled "'Sun­ Thumping and Book Banning," Young For the most part, the federal commodations was mounted by Anita shine Girl' On Anti-Homosexual Cru­ Spartacus. March 1977). government has been satisfied to allow Bryant-that saccharine singer, cit­ sade" (Young SPartacus No. 55, June local authorities to handle the contro­ rus queen and Bible-thumping bigot. 1977), versy over homosexual rights, as has "All America and all the world will been the policy for establishing "stan': "When statements of elementary dards" on pornography. The anti­ hear what the people have said," bourgeois-dem\>cratic legal equality (such ranted Bryant, "and with God's help, as the Miami ordinance orthe Equal Rights homosexual and antf-pornography we will prevail in our fight to repeal Amendment) are placed on the ballot or crusades are closely linked, and com­ similar laws throughout the nation come before Congress. we support their munity rights and standards are at which attempt to legitimize a life style enactment and recognize their usefulness in issue in both. In 1973 and 1974 the that is both perverse and dangerous. " fighting particular cases of anti­ Supreme Court ruled that films or Whether or not all the world heard homosexual victimization." literature are obscene if they offend her "shot fired 'round the world," In addition, we demand an end to the average person, applying the pre­ Anita Bryant's message was as clear state interference in the private sex­ vailing attitudes in any given village, as it was ominous: in the name of ual activities of consenting adults. town, city or state. In response, the "God," the family and the flag Anita city of Cleveland now intends to re­ Bryant is on the warpath to deny Behind the Backlash write its obscenity laws on the basis homosexuals bas i c d e m 0 c rat i c of a questionnaire about pornography rights-to witchhunt them, to revile While to a certain extent enjoying distributed throughout the city by them, to scapegoat them and to whip greater social acceptance now, homo­ garbage men. sexuals nevertheless loom large in up a vicious and obscene crusade to The demand for community stand­ make them social pariahs. the Sights of all stripes of reaction­ aries as isolated and socially defiant ards of obscenity is a dangerous "nonconformists" and "extremist invitation to the capitalist government Anita Finds an Audience deviants." Anita Bryant is meeting to limit freedom of expression and the press. These laws provide a pre­ It would be dead wrong to dismiss with success mainly because she is intersecUng broader undercurrents text for the state to crack down on the "Save Our Children" campaign of social and cultural nonconformists. Anita Bryant as merely the foam­ and sharper social antagonisms in this flecked ravings of a Fundamentalist society. Already a Cincinnati court has fanatic who could not get a hearing, Closely intertwined with the anti­ sentenced Larry Flynt, publisher of much less mobilize a reactionary homosexual backlash is the reaction­ the sleazy sex magazine' Hustler, to anti-homosexual offensive;beyond the ary anti-abortion sentiment which has 7 -to-25 years in prison and an $11,000 beaches of Miami or the Bible belt of been exploited by the Catholic Church fine for "pandering obscenity" and the South. Anita Bryant unfortunately and various "right-to-life" forces "engaging in organized crime." In a is not alone in her "little corner of such as the National Right to Life similar case, AI Goldstein, publisher Committee, which claims 11 million the world. It of Screw magazine, was prosecuted in Even before the Miami ordinance Wichita, Kansas. Goldstein had never was overturned, similar bills banning been in Kansas, and Screw is not even dis c rim ina t ion a g a ins t homo­ sold there. "Community standards" sexuals were defeated in IllinOiS, ensure the triumph of ignorance and Connecticut, Minnesota and Washing­ religious obscurantism and can only ton. MeanWhile, New Hampshire en­ be a ready-made weapon in the hands acted a law making so-called "lewd of the reactionaries in their campaign and licentious behavior" by homosex­ against "permissiveness. n This would uals a crime, while Pennsylvania has give the go-ahead to right-wingers barr.ed homosexuals from holding targeting any material that a given certain s tat e jobs. In June a fed­ "community" may deem "obscene"­ eral judge, in handing down a de­ sexual education, biology textbooks cision upholding the right of the Navy and even classics such as James to exclude homosexuals fro m the Democratic Party Joyce's Ulysses and Thomas Mann's se rvice, ruled that the right to privacy politics set tone at Death in Venice. does not apply to homosexuals. And anti-Anita protest in the Supreme Court has upheld a New York: Sella For the workers movement, demo­ Abzug vote-hustling Virginia statute directed exclUSively cratic rights are not to be auctioned in N. Y.C. mayoral off piecemeal at the polls nor handed against ho mo s exu al sodomy as race. constitutional. . to the "community" to barter away at Even more ominous, after the Dade will. Rather, the rights of the County defeat a group called the "Na_ AP oppressed sectors of the population tional American Party for Manhood" activists organized in no less than But Anita Bryant is not just out to must be vigilantly guarded by the surfaced in Los Angeles with a leaflet 3,000 chapters across the country. It get the "warped" books. She's after working class. calling for cap it a 1 punishment for is not surprising that such defenders the "perverted" teachers. A central homosexuals. And in San FranciSCO, of "Christian morality" as Anita Bry­ aspect of her "Save Our Children" long regarded as an enlightened center ant and Phyllis Schafly, the leading campaign was the smear that homo­ White House "Morals" of sexual tolerance, a city employee light of "STOP ERA," have seen fit sexual teachers are out to "molest" was recently stabbed to death and his to make common cause against both and morally "pervert" innocent school The Car t e r administration has companion severely beaten by four homosexual and women's rights. children. Already a member of the clearly given the nod to the right­ men who allegedly screamed, "faggot, Also feeding into the anti- California state legislature has an­ wing forces leading the crusade faggot!," as they savaged'the couple. . homosexual campaign waged by Bry­ nounced that he intends to introduce against democratic rights for homo­ (Bryant has declared California the ant and her ilk have been various lo­ legislation barring homosexual teach­ sexuals. In a Father's Day interview, next target for her reactionary cal anti-busing groups. Schools have ers from public schools in the state. Carter disparaged the desire of homo­ sexuals to end all forms of legal crusade.) become the point of convergence for Whatever the outcome of such witch- several reactionary trends-from discrimination against them-stating that he didn't view homosexuality as Defend Homosexual Rights! segregationist reaction, to book ban­ ning, to witchhunts against allegedly "a normal interrelationship" -and de­ Anger and apprehension over the "perverted" teachers. Nor is this co­ JOINT FORUMS: liberately avoided the issue of whether victory of the "Save Our Children" incidental. Schools are responsible for sponsored by or not homosexuals should have the right to adopt children and tea c h crusade prompted record numbers of crucial aspects of socializing and edu­ the Spartacist League and the school. From his pious homilies on demonstrators to come out for this cating children, so that parents gen­ Red Flag Union (Bolshevik Tendency) year's nationwide demonstrations in erally expect public education to func­ -formerly Lavender and Red Union "moral" government and the "eVils" of alcoholic beverages and sexual commemoration oft h e "Stonewall tion in loco parentis. promiscuity in White House cirdes, Riot" of 1969-a symbol of homo­ Thus, racially bigoted and back­ STOP ANITA BRYANT! ,to his recent actions of withholding sexual resistance to police harass­ ward parents are likely to regard Dade County: Medicaid payments for abortions and ment. In New York City, San Fran­ controversial aspects of public school A Revolutionary slashing funds for existing minority CiSCO, Miami, Los Angeles, Chicago, education, whether that be desegrega­ Trotskyist Analysis student programs in univerSities, Atlanta, Kansas City, Providence and tion, the introduction of "adult" liter­ "ethnic purity" Carter has provided Seattle tens of thousands took to the ature or teachers who are homosexu­ LOS ANGELES: July 16, 7:30 p.m. streets chanting, "No More Miamis!" als, as a threat to their values and People's College of Law a fertile ground on which reactionary New York City witnessed the most the role of the family. For example, 228 West 7th St. social mobilizations can flo uri s h through his campaign in defense of massive homosexual rights march during the well-publicized community SAN FRANCISCO: July 30. the family. ever staged, as demonstrators choked battle over so-called "Godless" and For more information. call (415) 835-1535 Fifth Avenue sidewalk to sidewalk in "anti-Christian" textbooks in Ken- continued on page ::J JULY/AUGUST 1977 '5

"Coloured" and Indian support for the convening a National Convention to black student youth recently than last draw up a new, multi-racial consti­ Apartheid Terror. year. According to a spokesman for tution in which the different sections • • the bourgeois-nationalist ANC, there of the population would be granted continued from. page 1 has even been a trend among black some form of federated repre­ in police-style camouflage clothing, students to see the "Coloureds" as sentation. Unlike the ANC, the mill-. out of the township. Masses of police tants of the South Mt-ican Students viciously beat a 17 -year-old to death. being allied to the white rul e rs arrived, protected by their newplexi­ -(Guardian, 22 June). Organization correctly· reject this glass shields and crash helmets which Po1ice~also blanketed the township scheme as an attempt to channel with tear gas, lobbing canister after seemg endless street protests as a as one correspondent noted, "make dead-end s t rat e gy, many b 1 a c k - black and "Coloured" militancy into them look like Roman centurions" 'canister from speeding cars and a political framework guaranteeing attacking a memorial service at a' militants have turned to the ANC ('[imes [London], 15 June). Using' white supremacy, even if somewhat Roman Catholic church. as the only force having a sustained jeep-mounted" sne ez e cannons" organizational presence, funds and reformed•. (which are filled with a noxious mix­ Vorster',s stormtroopers also international (Stalinist) support. No matter how dedicated and SUb­ ture of tear gas and talcum powder) opened fire ,on protestors at Port Although the young b la c k exiles jectively revolutionary, young South and toting shotguns and Israeli Uzi Elizabeth and its nearby township rep 0 r ted 1 y undergoing .guerrilla Mrican militants who opt for the submachineguns, Vorster's cops car­ Kabah, wounding several bla'ck training at ANCcamps in 'Tanzania guerrilla road to power simply have ried out a series of "preventative~ demonstrators. On the same day, des­ undoubtedly want to see white­ no chance of defeating the white­ dawn raids;' SSRC leaders Daniel pite tbe arrest of several of their supremacist rule smashed, this is not supremacist regime through com­ Motsiri and Sechaba Montsitsi were leaders a few days before, white stu­ the political intention of the ANC. mando operations. Unlike Rhodesia picked up, along with 18 others. At dents at the University of Witwaters­ Unable to pursue its pressure now (or Kenya earner); the whites of the same time, Johannesburg police rand placed wooden crosses on lawns politics through bourgeois­ Soutb Mrica are sufficiently numer­ seized five white students at the to honor the victims of Soweto. Several ous, well organized, well armed ~nd University of Witwatersrand suspect.. democratic channels (such as elector­ hundred whites rallied on. the Univer­ alism) the ANC is willing to dabble technologically advanced tqat urban ed of preparing protest activ.ities in Sity's main plaza before a government AP guerrilla actions by black guerrilla solidarity with Soweto blacksr ban on student gatherings went into bands could not topple white suprem­ A student s t r ike spread through effect at noon. The protestors were acy. Un 1 ike RhodeSia, the South Soweto's schools in response to the set upon by right-wing students who African' regime does not have to rely arrest of the SSRC members, and by set fire to' the crosses and provoked on black troops and can keep unrest June 16 the SSRC was calling for a fist fights. confined to the labor compounds and three-day stay-at-hOine solidarity The black class boycott continued bantustans. While often heroic acts of strike. Meanwhile, police continued to strong the following day-although defiance, urban ,guerrilla r aid s in search vehicles entering and leaving partiCipation in the Soweto w 0 r k South Africa along the lines of the the townshIp. Police also raided the . stoppage began to dwindle rapidly Algerian struggle in themselves could offices of the student government at (which some reports attritluted to the only be impotent and t rag i call y the white University of Cape Town, fact that June 17, a Friday, was self -destructive. arresting everyone present and payday). In Kabah, students responded confiscating thousands of leaflets tOI the shootings by burning the town­ DynamiCS of Apartheid commemorating Soweto. ship's last remaining school to the- Tension escalated dramatically ground. . The roo t s of Sou t h Mrica' s when on June 13 three blacks armed Police hastily set up special courts exceptionally brutal labor, system, with Czech-madeSkorpion sub­ to try demonstrators and order puplic codified in the mass of apartheid machineguns reportedly-burst into floggings on the spotior the hundreds laws ensuring rigid racial segregation a Johannesburg garage and killed two 'a r res ted. Kabah a 1 s 0 provided in all areas of social life and com­ whites. Raising the spectre of randolll Kruger'S lieutenants with a pretext plete political disenfranchisement of bl a c k "terrorism" against whites to experiment with the rubber bullets the black majority, lie in the uneven "Justice" tninister James Kruger at­ Widely used in Spain and Northern and combined development of South tempted to whip up the white South Ireland. At least nine blacks w~re Mrican capitalism. In the epoch of Mrican laager mentality in an­ killed either in Kabahor in the nearby the great bourgeois-democratic rev­ tiCipation of a m a j 0 r upsurge township of Kwanobuhle. olutions (17th through 19th centuries) in Soweto. According to some reports, Anti-apartheid act ion s.continued the nascent capitalist class of England however, the blacks were part of a through June 23 when several hundred and the ,Western European nations Brutaleap terror has not ~uppresaed g u err i 11 a force headed toward bla~k youths boldly staged a protest cleared away the barriers of an out- a Johannesburg police station. The rally in downtown Joharmesburg. black anti-apartheid revolt. Mrican National Congress (ANC) is­ Having slipped into the city unnoticed sued a statement claiming ~hat the by the police, the protestors lined up three were members of its military outside police headquarters at John arm, Umkonto We Sizwe (The Spear Vorster s qua r e ,carrying placards of the Nation). demanding an end to "Bantu education" and the release of 20 detained student June 16-0ne Year Later leaders. The cops quickly reco'{ered from their surprise and launched a Despite the unrelieved vic i 0 us vicious club-flailing assault. Nearly police terror, the SSRC strike call 150 demonstrators we rearrested, received wide support. On June '16 all while in Soweto police fired on crowds schools and many stores in Soweto of up to 2,000- students, killing two were shut down. The attempted work­ and wounding 14. stoppage was approximately 50 per­ I cent effective: some 700,000 workers From Spontaneism to stayed off the job and dynamite explo­ Guerrilla War? sions ripped the rail line from So we to In the aftermath'of the 1960 to Johannesburg. Police commander Sharpeville massacre attempts at Jan Visser carried out his threat to black revolt were stifled for over a' escalate the use of cop assaults . decade. Yet the terror tactics of the in/urban guerrilla actions from time lived feudalism through bourgeois­ should the students attempt to orga­ white-supremacist South African gcfv­ to time as . a way to enhance its democ ra tic transformations that nize a labor boycott. While the police ernment over the last year have been authority among black militants with­ opened the way for capitalist devel­ had previously relied heavily on their unable to Squelch the current student out jeopardizing its long-term per­ opment on the basiS of the enfran­ new gadget:ry, they were now orde-rM protest. spective of "respectable" snails-pace chisement of the toiling masses. t9 shoot down the protestors. The protests this year, however, reformism. At the height of the first But since th~ advent of the imper­ In s c en e s reminiscent of 1 a s t remain confined to the urban town­ wave of ANC guerrillaism in the early ialist epoch at the turn of the cen­ year's savage display of white­ ships and politically isolatedfrotn the 1960's, Stalintstleader Bram Fischer, tury such bourgeois revolutions are supremacist SJaughter, pol ice in mass of black workers-the key to on trial for partiCipating in the ANC no longer on the historic agenda. Soweto opened fire on' crowds of smashing apartheid. Black workers campaign~ explainec;l: In eeonomicalIy backward countries predominantly teenage youth, killing are undeniably sympathetic to the "We hope': that we can bring the modern capitalist development! at least' two and-wounding nine more. heroic struggles of the Soweto youth government to its sens~ before it is too is stunted by its subordination to the Several men, reported to be dressed and in the past have answered their late, so that the government and its imperialist-dominated world market strike calls. But as the tapering off policies can be changed before matters and its dependence upon pre -capi talist of support for the three-day strike reach the desperate stage of civil war," economic forms and social relations. called by the SSRC demonstrates, -fr()m BramFischer, What I Did WQ,\ I~ particular, South Mricais one of CLASSES t his sympathy has no sustained, Right. 1966 the countries where capitalist organized form. Whatever its tactic of the moment; development was predicated on the Spartacus Youth League Locked in by a maze of police­ . the ANC hopes to pressure for nothing di~nfranchiseD1ent-of the non-white more t han a c nan g 0 f ,ruling NEW YORK: "Building the U.S. Bol­ state laws denying them even the most e tOilers, the maintenance of the colon­ basic political and trade.:.union rights, regimes-from Vorster to one of ial state apparatus and the reinforcing shevik Party"; alternate Tuesdays the "liberal alternatives" that pre­ starting July 12 at 7:30 p.m.; 260 the black South Mrican proletariat re­ of tribal and caste divisions. mains atomized and regimented, And sumably would enable it to legally Until late in. the 19th century, West Broadway, Room 522; call: pyrsue its stagist strategy for black (212) 925-5665. the students, despite their 'valiant South Africa's economy was over­ struggles a,gainst apartheid, are un­ liberation. Thus, in 1958 the ANC whelmingly agrarian, with wool as its backed the United Party of English Trotskyist League of Canada able to unlock these chains simply main export. It was not until the dis­ through vagUe appeals for black sol­ gold-mining magnates as the "lesser covery of precious natural resources, VANCOUVER: "Problems of World idarity and semi-spontaneous street evil"-onlyto have the "liberal" first diamonds at Kimberly and then Revolution"; Thursday July 14 and demonstra tions. UP advocate the death -pena.Lty for gold on the Rand, that the char­ 28 at 7:30 p.m.; Britannia Communi­ Moreover, -despite a rebellion by "subversives" under the Suppression acter of the economy changed. Yet ty Center, (Seniors Citizens Lounge), "Coloureds" at the Salt River High of Communism Act! South Mrica remained a country which Commercial at Napier; call: (604) School on May 15 and a solidarity More ~ecently, the ANC has primarily produced raw materials f()1"\ 291-8993. ' meeting held by Indians on March 31, sUIWorted the "Save South Africa" there have been fewer instances of campaign of the UP that calls for contiRKed On page 8 6 YOUNG SPARTACUS 'SYL Conference Sets Theme: "The Main Enemy ,is a' Homel -U.S ..Imperialism"

YOUNG SPART ACUS Since his election to the Ameri­ Main Enemy is at Home." Approx­ can presidency, Jimmy Carter imately - 150 members of the SYL has embarked on a campaign to peddle and the Spartacist League attended off the world's strongest counter­ the conference to' discuss and vote revolutionary power as the liberator on the working perspectives for the of the world from "totalitar~anism." organization in the next year. This repulsively hypocritical "Human ,Uniquely among socialist youth Rights Campaign" comes from the groups, the SYL has refused to jump chief representative of the rulirlg on the Carter-led "human rights" class that was responsible for the bandwagon. While the Young Socialist fire bombings of Dresden, Hamburg Alliance (YSA) and the Revolutionary and Tokyo; the nuclear assault on Student Brigade (RSB) limit them­ Hiroshima and Nagasaki; and the selves to pressure' and e~hortations massive genocidal war against the on Carter to "really" implement his Vietnamese people. "Human Rights Campaign," the SYL In the wake of the mass student continues tp be involved with numer­ radicalization of the late 1960's and ous campaIgns directed against U.S. early 1970's, Watergate and reve­ imperialism. lations of covert CIA "operationil" The SYL demonstrations against produced a wave of cynicism and Milton Friedman centered at the Uni­ distrust of bourgeois pOliticians on versity of Chicago (UC), our success­ the part of American youth. T his ful campaign against Henry KiSSinger was generally t ran s 1 ate din t 0 at Col u m b i a Un i v e r s it y and the a, rejection of political activity. demonstrations and rallies throughout iaries in South Africa. The main puses noted that the various fake­ Carter's "human rights" hoax is the the country against the CIA/NSA/FBi conference reporter pointed out that left groups have enthUSiastically cam­ attempt of the new administration to have had national and in some cases this demand was an integral part of paigned for univerSity divestment, wipe clean the bloody hands of Amer­ even international impact, as has Carter's "human rights" sham, having ,indicating that they have no per­ ican imperialism and attract active the forcible removal of the Nazi Party the effect of demanding that the spective for fighting American cap':' support from 'disaffected student from San Francisco State. Our demon­ American ruling class "clean up" italism. The key to fighting apartheid youth. After the disastrous loss of s t ration at UC against Milton its image. If the divestment pro­ is the working class, both in South American prestige during the Nixon Friedman and later in solidarity with tests were conSistent, they would Africa and in this country-the only and Ford years, Carter is searching the anti-apartheid 'student mobil­ demand that South Africa withdraw class whose historic interests stand for his equivalent to Roosevelt's "New izations in South Africa were two of its holdings in America, the bloodiest opposed to oppressive bourgeois Deal," Kennedy's "New Frontier" and the largest protests on that campus and most dangerous imperialist regimes from South Af.rica to the Johnson's "Great Society." "Human since the days of the antiwar move­ power. Furthermore, university di­ U.S. Our task is to win students to rights· is imperialism's codeword ment. Equally significant has been vestmentj at b~st would be simply recognize the necessity for inter­ for the campaign of Democrats to Our intervention into the struggle a cosmetic act, with no tangible national labor solidarity with the restore the image of the American . against the -Bakke decision for which benefit for the black masses of South wor~ers and oppressed rural masses "mission" in the eyes of' idealistic ~e are now well-known and identified Africa; other financial concerns would of South Africa. youth, as well as to refurbish the with the demand for "Open Ad­ gladly buy the rejected stock. Such tarnished international reputation of missions" on the West Coast. moralistic campaigns offer nothing Political Life In the 1970's rilore than a means to pressure the the American war machine in a period For International Labor Solidarity of in ten s if y i h g interimperialist U.~. imperialist bourgeoisie to invest For many of the newly recruited competition. Against Apartheid ' "responsibly" elsewhere-as though members of the SYL, genuine social At the just concluded Fifth There was cQnsiderable discussion plunder and exploitation of Latin struggle is an abstraction: a 20- National Conference, the Spartacus at the conference on the recent flurry America and Asia by U.S. imperialism year-old SYLer was 12 years . old Youth League (SYL) reaffirmecl the of demonstrations in California de­ are "better" than its investment in when SDS split and remembers the slogan of tqe heroic German manding university divestment of South Africa. ,- antiwar movement through the docll- revolutionist, Karl Liebknecht, "The stock in corporations with subsid- Speakers from numerous cam- continued on page 10

[FrenCh Confederation of Labor]. The ized by its syndicalist orientation] central trade-union leadership, al­ Ii k e wi s e supported this sub-token though completely controlled. by the five-minute "general strike" as 'a FRATERNAL GREETINGS: workers parties in the Union de la means for the French workers to Gauche, merely called for a "general allegedly "expr€ss themselves [?]." Your experiences during the last strike" •.• of five minutes •. In this situation, the L i g u e TROTSKYIST LEAGUE OF seve-ral years are rich in lessons that What was the response of the cen­ Trotskyste de France was the only CANADA .' will enable us to make great strides trist so-called "far left"? The LCR organization to sharply condemn the in our struggle to build ;:>trong campus [Ligue Communiste Revolutionnaire­ popular-front Union de la Gauche for Greetings to the Fifth National fractions, and drive our student work French section of the fake-Trotskyist its political cowardice and to call for Conference of the Spartacus youth forward. In our youth work of today "United" Secretariat of the Fourth working-<;lass organized self -defense League from the Trotskyist League lies the basis for the Spartacus youth International J came out for a general from anti-labor hooliganism. As a of Canada! It is a tribute to our League of Canada tomorrow. strike demanding government dis­ result, we have begun to be known in common .' internationalist. solidarity solution of the'-CFT and the armed France as a serious propaganda group that the TLC since its inception has LlGUE TROTSKYSTE DE ,anti-labor gangs, even though four to be reckoned with. . been guided in its youth work by the FRANCE decades ago .Trotsky warned that call­ To conclude, I recall that during achievements and political develop­ ing on the French bourgeois authori­ the pre-conference dis~ussion in New ment of the SYL. In extending the greetings of the ties to ban right-wing "extremists" York City one youth comraqe took At present, the TLC ,maintains an Ligue Trotskyste de France to this can only hand the class enemy. a club the floor to state that this period activist presence at the University conference, I would like to speak to use against the left and labor was one of relative political quies­ of Toronto and Simon Fraser Univer­ briefly about the present political movement. On occasion the LCR men­ cence and that our comrades must sity in Vancouver. And our campus situation in France. As you know, the tioned the need for workers self­ utilize the opportunity to study. This work has already made a real, albeit French left currently takes up posi­ defense, but such genuflections,toward is true. But ever more urgent is the limited political impact in the Ca­ tions on the political terrain according Trotskyist orthodoxy were always need to recruit and develop our cadres nadian left. For example, we played a to their attitude to the popular-front very discreet and scrupulously buried -especially given our tasks in France . prominent role in two strike-support Union de la Gauche. ,Since all the cen­ in Rouge. ' and Germany and Spain. Above all, campaigns at Simon Fraser over the trist groups in France have capitu­ --For its pa"rt the OCI [Organisation this is the period to build, the last three years. As a result, the TLC lated to the popular front in one way or Communiste Internationaliste] simply international Spartacist tendency! gained quite significant respect within another, each electoral success ofthe appealed for proletaI:lan class "unity" the Vancouver labor movement when popular 'front brings a neW period of :-thereby failing to expose the traae­ SPARTACIST LEAGUE OF we demonstrated our commitment rightward motion by the centrists. union tops who likewise had called AUSTRALIA/NEW ZEALAND to respect picket lines during these Let me give an example of what's for "unity," even if for only five s t r ike s • Just as during campus going on in France today: Two weeks minutes. Although criticizing the LCR I b'ring you the revolutionary greet­ workers' strikes in the U.S. over the ago a militant of the CGT [the Stalinist­ for its demand that the capitalist iIigs of the Spartacist League of past period, our pseudo-Trotskyist dominated General Copfederation !)f state ban the ultra-right bands, the Australia and· New Zealand. It was opponents have earned the reputation Labor] was killed on the picket line by LO [Lutte Ouvri~re-an ostensibly not too long ago that the only in­ . of being nothing but "socialist" scabs. a 'goon from the right-~ng~ CFT Trotskyist organization character- ternational relations the Spartacist ( JULY/AUGUST 1977 " 7 \ No Academic Refuge for War Criminals! .Columbia Protests Block Kissinger Appointment. " , I NEW YORK CITY, June 4-After "The Columbia University offer was still, more than two months of demonstra­ open, his friends said, but it had become.a tions and teach.;.ins at Columbia Uni­ source of controversy in and beyond the versityprotesting his proposed Manhattan campus, where there were two faculty appointment, former secre­ student-faculty demonstrations this spring against t~e appointment." tary of state Henry KiSSinger yes t e r day officially de cl i ned The opponents of the Kissinger Columbia's offer of an endowed chair appointment at Columbia can indeed in political science in favor of re­ claim a victOTY.' It was their pro­ maining at Georgetown University in tests against his crimes-as the Washington. braintruster of the imperialist rape At center stage throughout the of Indochina and the archetypal oily widely-publicized campaign (0 keep diplomat responsible for "destabi­ the pompous self-styled Metternich of lizing" the Allende regime in Chile­ the Nixon/Ford administrations off that made Kissinger conclude that he CHICAGO, June ll"",,)Twenty the building by the Iranian Student would be "more cOmfortable" in members and supporters of the Association. But preferring to WaShington than at Columbia (New Spartacus Youth League held a hover 0 nth e outskirts of the York Times. 4 June 1977). demonstration today at the Uni­ demonstration. were members of At Columbia the SYL early on versity of Illinois Chicago Circle the Revolutionary Student Brigade took the lead in organizing militant Campus to protest the presence and the ever-infantile and sec­ protests against the proposed Kis­ of retired imperialist statesman tarian Progressive Labor Party Singer appointment. Our united-front Henry Kissinger. In his new-found (PL). Chanting "Kissinger you liar, proposal' was endorsed by.a number position as the Cl;tairman of the we'll set your pants on fire," the of individuals and o-rganizations on Board of Advisors of the anti­ PL Stalinists held their own mini­ labor "Alliance to Save >1i:nergy," protest as press and conference campus, r~ging from Columbia fac­ ulty such as socialist professor 'Kissinger delivered the keynote .participants drifted out to lunch. Alexander Erlich to campus groups 'address at a,day-long energy con­ Following its abstentionist tradi­ like the Puerto Rican SOClallst Youth servation conference sponsored by tion, the Young Socialist Alliance Federation (FUSP-youth affiliate of a coterie of bpurgeois politiCians, refused to endorse the demonstra­ the 'Puerto Rican Socialist Party). government agenCies, urH:versity tion against this imperialist war The demonstrations and teach-in op­ technocrat~ and giant energy cor­ criminal, claiming that the protest posing., the KiSSinger appointment porations. KiSSinger's appearance "was not the most important thing called by the Ad Hoc Committee to follows on the heels of his refusal in the world" and ndidn't appeal Keep Kissinger Off Campus were to accept a post in the Political to a broad enough segment of covered by a dozen ar'ea radio sta­ Science Department at Columbia students. " tions and the major national and University, a decision accredited Henry Kissinger must not be Columbia was the Ad Hoc Com'mit­ --international press lj.gencies. by the bourgeois press to the in­ ,allowed to impart his "wisdomn tee to Keep KiSSinger Off Campus, fluence of SYL-initiated militant from the platform of the nAlliance a united-front coalition at Columbia In a matter of weeks the protests campus protest demonstrations. to Save Energy,n a chair at initiated and aggressively built by at Columbia stirred national contro­ Protesting the appearance of the, Columbia or Georgetown univer­ the Spartacus Youth League. versy. Editorials commenting on the butcher -of Indochina, demonstra­ sities or any 0 th e r post. His "They may claim a big victory, Kissinger appOintment appeared, in tors chanwdnKissinger, -Vorster, nemeritusn presence as spokes­ but it really was not the reason for numerous bourgeois dailie's, from the Pinochet, Tbe Working Class Will man for the imperialist adventures his decision to stay he:r:e, n a high­ N ew York Times to ,the SanFrancisco Not Forget n and nprotest of the American bourgeoisie ranking Kissinger aide told the New Chronicle. M~llJlwhile, the activities Kissinger;;...Butcher of Vietnam. n demands militant response from York Times. But the loyal lackey and press releases of the Ad Hoc Com­ In addition, a leaflet condemning workers, students and leftists. Cloth protest too much. Others in the mittee to Keep KiSSinger Off Campus Kissinger was distributed inside Keep Kissinger ~f Campus! Kissinger' coterie have indicated that received coverage in .d 0 zen s 0 f the Columbia protests in fact did papers, including the Washington loom large in leading Kissinger to Post, Chicago Tribune, New ¥ork that this war criminal whose hands sets foot on campus. decline the lucrative Columbia offer Post, 'Boston Sunday Globe, Interna­ drip with, the blood of milliohs of But as the SYL pointed out during with all its Ivy League trimmings tional Herald Tribune and Newsweek. Indochinese workers and peasants not the entire campaign, keeping' Henry and settle for renewing a one-year The successful outcome of the anti­ be allowed' to wrap himself in.lhe cloak Kissinger' off Columbia would not stint at Jesuit Georgetown for an em­ KiSSinger campaign at Columbia rep­ of Ivy League academic respecta­ preserve the so-called "moral integ­ barrassing $15,000 a year. Accord­ resents a slap in the face for tip,s bility. Henry Kissinger should be the rity" of' ,Columbia University, as ing to the New York Times (June 3), imperialist statesman. It is important target of militant protest whenever he continued on page 11 I '

League of the U.S. could claim was convey their resolute revolutionary In West Germany we have taken dedicated, footloose intellectuals­ a handful of comrades in New Zealand. greetings. the first important steps toward the the stratum most capable of devoting But since then our comrades have formatiOl1 of a communist youth or­ their lives to what at present appears kept pace with the growth of the ganization. From the-Free University to be an abstract program far re­ international Spartacist tendency­ TROTZKISTISCHE LlGA of Berlin to Columbia, University­ moved from apparent day-to-day re­ mOVing to Australia and putting the DEUTSCHLANDS, ' each successful struggle waged by alities of American political life. SL/ANZ on the political map in the sections of the international Sparta­ In a certain sense, the routine f ace 0 fan en 0 r m 0 u s social­ cist tendency contributes in its own work of the SYL-for example, the Comrades of the SYL! I bring you way to the rebirth of the Fourth setting up of literature tables on doz­ democratic labor movement and a greetings from the Trotskyist League Communist Party of about 3,000 International. Forward to the Inter­ ens of campuses across the country of,Germany. With great satisfaction I national Trotskyist League! every week-is the - organizatiomu members. can report that tM univerSity work Over the past period our recruit­ basis upon which our party perspec­ of the TLD has developed con-' tives rest. It is undeniable that if ment has largely been of politically siderably, .especially as a result of SPARTACIST LEAGUE/U.S. inexperienced working-class youth our tendency does not recruit in the our intervention into the recent stu­ coming period, then we will not be who would greatly benefit from the dent strikes against the Berufsverbot shaping experiences offered by a youth n The Spartacist League greets this, able to st-rengthen ou:r industrial [the "professional prohibition law­ the fifth conference of its youth sec- trade-union fractions-our link to the section such as the SYL. Lacking see "Protests Against Anti-Red Law such a youth section, the SL/ANZ >.t" tion. You will notice that the first future upheavals of the American Sweep West' Germany, n ,Young sentence of the main conference doc- working people. must struggle to assimilate these SPartacus, January 1977]. young working-class youth from a ument before you states that the tasks We do not throw our young re­ Labour background into a hard­ In the course of these strikes the of the SYL are the same as they have cruits into the factories without po­ driving, high-level Trotskyist propa~ TLD was able to build its university been for the past three years. Yetlitical training and tested and matured ganda group. fraction through intervening in one of in the past period, which has been political commitment. No-our per­ But our comrades all the more the central political class questions marked by relative lack of social spective is to use the SYL as a value the experiences, and political in West Germany at present. It fell struggle on campus or on the shop training ground to test and temper the guidance offered by the SYL. So, to the TLD to champion the slogans floor, the specific weight of the char- future leaders of the working-class despite the enormous geographical pointing the way forward for the suc­ ,acteHstic SYL function-that is, re- movement. Yes, the youth which you distance' which separates our sec­ cesS of the strike: "Shut Down the cruiting students to the program of today mold into cadres will tomor­ tions, the young comrades of the University" and nExpand the Strike." proletarian socialism-has inCreased row come forward as leaders of qur SL/ANZ genuinely feel very close From the very outset the TLD suc­ in 'i m po r tan c e for our common class. So, it is with this perspective -pOlitically to your organization-be­ ceeded in demarcating our revolu­ mOvement. that the SL wishes the SYL a fruit- cause they've learned so much from tionary Trotskyist position from the As you know, this h~s been a ful and sober working conference­ you and in many respects have mod­ abject student parochialism and re­ period of mogest recruitment for the because, comrades, we need you to eled themselves after the SYL. Our formism of the Maoists and the GIM SL/SYL., Given the present ~onjunc- ~' contribute your' share in forging the [Gruppe Internationale Marxist~n-' ture, our tendency can contInue to revolutionary militants upon whom young comrades feel very much that n they are in the same international German sec tion of the "United forge ahead especially through the hinges the fate of the future Ameri­ Trotskyist tendency with you and I Secretariat]. one-by-one recruitment of young, can s;:;cialist'revolution. '.' ,- 8 " / YOUNG SPARTACUS Africa ... Anti-War Radical Cha~. with 1918 Madison Bombing s.continued from page 5 colonial powers such as Great Britain. I Mining of the low-grade ore was labor-intensive, unskilled and, there­ fore, based on a relati vely uneducated . workforce. Apartheid evolved and was dictated largely by these conditions. Free Dwight Armstrong I The constant struggle to drive down • • the cost of labor power (money wages and other forma of payment) and es­ After seven years on the FlU's imperialists into the dustbin of his­ pecially the cost of the reproduction most wanted list, ilwight Armstrong tory. Individual terror directed of labor power (the increment of was taken into custody by the Canadian against the class enemy, inevitably income necessary to provide for the police in Toronto on April 9. Arm­ counterproductive and sUbstitutional­ raising of the next generation of strong was wanted in connection with ist, can at best symbolize a class workers) un de r 1 i e s the disenfran­ the 1970 bombing of the Army Math hatred of oppression and" its per­ chisement of the black population and Research Center (AMRC) at theUni­ petrators (and thus must be defended the structure of labor reserves and versity of Wisconsin. Despite against the bourgeoisie). As Trotsky bantustans. Canadian law, which maintains that wrote, ,South African capitalism is able to . those accused of "crimes of apolitical work its b 1 a c k 1 abo rat below­ nature" can not be extradicted, Arm­ "We Marxists consider the tactic of subsistence wages because the arid strong was handect over to Wisconsin individual terror inexpedient in the lands of thE1 bantustans are the "so­ authorities. Standing trial in Madison tasks of the liberating struggle of cial security," "welfare" and "unem­ at the end of May, Armstrong was the proletariat as well as the op­ ployment compensation" of the black pressed nationalities. A single iso­ people of South Africa. In this system, charged with arson and, first-degree lated hero cannot replace the masses. murder. In exchange for pleading no the capitalist employing migrant black But we understand only too clearly workers on contract does not have to contest to the arson charges and the inevitability of such convulsive dropping the plea that the bombing acts of despair and vengeance. All pay a "living wage," since the fam­ was a political act, the murder our emotions, all our sympathies are ilies of the workers are back on the' charges were dropped and Armstrong with the self-sacrificing avengers bantustan where they must eke out was sentenced to seven years' evelJlo.though they have been unable to enough of a living (through subsistence imp risonment. discover the correct road." farming, for example) to supplement -"For Grynszpan," Writings of the income of the wage earner. Nor Armstrong is the third of four men Leon Trotsky 1938-39 Indicted in connection with the AMRC does the system have to provide social bombing. His brother, Karleton, waS­ welfare or unemployment arrested in Toronto in 1972 and also MHitary Research Off' Campus! Antiwar radical Dwight Armstrong In compen;;ation: the penalty for con- extradicted to Madison where he custody of United States goyer~ment. tinued unemployment is deportation to the real "mad bombers" responsible for 'these enormous holding pens, since pleaded guilty to four counts of arson During the antiwar movement, the genocidal slaughter In IndochjJta. and second degree murder. He is now AMRC was justly seen as the extenfjion the vicious 'pass system makes it serving an "indeterminate" prison of U.S. militarism on the Madison time when the only surviving symbols illegal to live or even set foot in term (as the new judicial "reforms" campus. The AMRC 'was establfshed of the Madison protests against the the 87 percent of South Africa that is designated "white" without having call it), not to exceed 23 years. Last and is to this day funde~ _~ the imperialist armed forces ar'e a few a year, David Fine, also charged in army-although the "Army" was .faded slogans painted on campus job there. connection with the bombing, was sen­ dropped after the bombing and it is walls., The demise of the New Left The millions of black laborers and tenced to a seven-year term in federal now the "Mathettlatics Research Cen­ student radicalization allows the gov­ unemployed in the sprawling ghettos prison. The fourth, Leo Burt, remains ter.· The 'AMRC's "research" in­ ernment to railroad the campus mili­ of Soweto and Kabah are thus legally underground under threat of govern- volved a Defense Department project tants from the late '60's and early in 1 i m b 0 • Jobless black laborers ment prosecution. ' to develop an "electroriic battlefield" '70's. As the New York Ttmes (14 swarm the rubble-strewn streets, Despite vast political differences through the use of radar and sensors. FebruafY 1977) reports, waving pass books at white passers­ -separating the Spartacus _, youth These techniques were applied in the by in a daily effort to get at least League from those accused of the mass sla,ughter of Vietnamese work­ n As for the former campus radicals, a casual one-day job for a $2 to $3 b 0 m bin g (Dwight Armstrong was ers and peasants and in propping up those who still are in Madison work daily wage. Between 1 and 2 quoted in the Berkeley Barb as saying now in the food and health coopera­ million blacks (out of a black work­ military dictatorships against guer­ tives, the media and even city that Spartacists "are just as fascist force of about 6.8 million) are un­ rilla uprisings (such as in the capture government. no as the ruling class") we uncondition­ and" murder of the Cuban revolutionary officially estimated to be out of work, ally defend them against state prose­ Ernesto"Che" Guevera in Bolivia and skilled work is virtually impos­ 'those who cheered on Armstrong sible to find, since white une~loy­ cution. Their actions, although based in 1~67). seven years ago today /jIit back in on the ,impotent strategy of individual The bombing of the AMRC building ment has doubled-to about one per­ their "organic" offices and ignore the cent. This means that in the enormous acts of terror against the institu­ came at the height of the Madison anti­ legal proceedings. As Leni9 noted, tions of the bourgeois state, were war demonstrations which rallied black ghetto-township 0 f Sow e to, nonetheless directed against the class those who slide into abject liberal­ where between 1 and 1.5 million several thousand students. Protests ism and the terrorist "have one com­ enemy. Terrorism which seeks to wex:e held to drive the AMRC from the blacks are crammed into little more mon root, namely, subservience to than 100,000 decrepit sha~ks and strike out at the symbols of class campus and at least one attempt was spontaneity." When protests were the oppression must be differentiated made to firebomb a nearby military houses, one out of five black workers from indefensible random terror vogue, they cheered; today they back are unemployed: arsenal. The pre-dawn bombing of the ··progressive" local mayor. ThuS, le.g., placing a bomb in a crowded the AMRC on August 24,1970, was­ Economic Crisis and White Debate Manhattan restaurant) which victittl­ not one demonstration or rally was if tactically stupid-in keeping with called in defense, of Armstrong, and izes innocent and defenseless people the spirit of the antiwar mobiliza- only fifty people attended, his trial. The worst depression since the irrespective of class differences. . tions. Moreover, the death of Robert 1930's is still d~epening in all areas Nevertheless, we recognize that Fassnacht (a phYSics researcher The left and workers movement of the South African economy except no terrorist-what Lenin termed a lib­ working in the building) resulted from must come to the defense of those mining and agriculture. Inflation has eral with a bomb in hand-can substi­ the failure of police to evacuate the accused of bombing AMRC-a justly dsen to an annual rate of 11 percent, tute for the l;truggle of the working building despite a prior telephone hated symbol of imperialist plunder. while the projected growth rate for masses under the leadership of a warning •. Drop the charges! Free Dwight Arm­ 1977 is zero. Manufacturing output has vanguard Leninist party' which is The prosecution of the Armstrong strong, Karle.ton Armstrong and fallen by 6 percent in the last year necessary to sweep the blood-soaked brothers and David Fine comes at a David Fine! •. alone. In the'midst of this Vorster seeks to increase the "defense" bud­ get from $460 million to more than PUBLIC Houston: SYL, -c/o SL, Box 26474, $2 billion, in order to reinforce, Spartacus Youth Houston, TX 7]207 ' rearm and modernize the apartheid OFFICES: Los Angeles: SYL, Box 29115, Los Feliz regime's forces of state repression in League Directory Sta., Los Angeles, CA 90029, or call the f ace 0 f the continuing mass Marxist Literature (213) 413-0160 unrest. Madison: SYL, Box 3334, Madison, WI Th~ government's attempts to re­ 53704 solve the crisis have led it into con­ BAY AREA: Ann Arbor: SYL"Bo]( 89, 4th floor Michigan Union, Univ. of Michigan, New York: SYL, Box 825, Canal Street flict with an important section of its 1634 Telegraph (near 17th St.), 3rd Ann Arbor, MI 48107 . Sta., New York, NY 10013, or call (212) political base, the extremely con- FL, Oakland ~, Phone: 835-1535. 925-5665 , servative white trade unions. Average Open Friday, 3:00-6:00 p.m. and Bay Area: SYL, c/o Sl, Box 23372, .Saturday, 11:00 a.m. to 2:00 p.m. Philadelphia: SYL, c/o, SL, Box 13138, real wages for whites fell by 1.7 Oakland, CA 94623, oreall (415) 835- Philadelphia, PA 19101 percent in 1976, and taxation and 1535 CHICAGO: inflation h a v e cut i n t 0 the high Boston: SYL, Box 227, Bqston.U. Station, 650 So. Clark St., 2nd Fl., Cl1icago, Boston, MA 02215, or call (617) 492- standards of living ofthe white middle Ill. Phone: 427-0003. Open 3928 or 254-4236 . Trotskyist " class. After a threatened strike by Tuesday, 4:00-8:00 p.m. and white gold miners, which would have Chic~go: SYL, Box 4667, Main P.O., League of Canada Saturday, 2:00-6:00 p.m. Chicago, IL 60680, or call (312) 427- had disastrous e f f e c t son South NEW YORK: 0003 Africa's balance of payments, Min­ 260 West Broadway (near Canal St.), /' Cleveland: SYL, Box 02182, Cleveland, Toronto: Box 7198, Stetion A. Tor_onto, i~ter, of Labour F. Botha proposea a Room 522, New York, N.Y. Phone: OH 44102, or call (216) 281-4781 Ontario, or call (416) 366-4107 bill outlawing all strikes, which me~ 925-5665. Open Monday through Detroit: SYL, c/o SL, Box 663A, General' Vancouver: Box 26, Station A. opposition from both the Trades Union Friday, 6:30-9:00 p.m. and Saturday, P.O., Detroit, MI 48232, or call (313) Vancouver, B.C., or call (604) 291- Congress and the even more conser­ 1:00-4:00 p.m. 869-155J 8993 vative Confederation of Labour. South Africa's interconnected JULY/AUGUST 1977 9

problems of economic criSiS, diplo­ of a limited number of blacks to man­ a spokesman for the National Gay matic isolation and, most importantly, agerial positions: Task Force, pleaded with Carter, "We its inability to stifle the black revolt Along the s eli n e s, Mondale Anita Bryant. .. applauded your statements about hu­ have created a renewed debate among "warned" Vorster in Vienna on May man rights in other countries, but the v a rio u s w hit e groupings and 20 that unless his regime effected continued from page 4 you still haven't spoken ouf personally parties over what course to pursue. a' "progressive transformation" of its As Marxists, we recognize the role about ours, here." Under the slogan On the far right, opposing even the poliCies towards the black majority, of the nuclear family as a cornerstone "We are your children," the National phony "independence" of Vorster's the U.S; would have to take (un­ of bourgeOis society. Under capital­ Gay Task Force is pushing lobbying bantustan schemes as too much of a specified) diplomatic action. In re­ ism the exclusive concern with the efforts aimed at the Democrats-one concession, is the Reformed National sponse, Vorster declared once again protection of "one's own" is apower­ of the twin parties of capitalist op­ Party of Herzog, which is supported that the democratic principle of "one ful force keeping workers from the pression-as "the best way to gain by the white Mineworkers Union. More man, one vote" was totally unac­ risks and rigors of class struggle. equal rights." Significant as a pressure group for ceptable, w h i 1 e Foreign Minister Moreover, the social. isolation of MeanWhile, the sections ofthe "gay retaining even the most pettyapart­ Botha later stated that it "means we women in the family engenders apar­ movement" which are more lifestylist heid measures is the right wing of must negotiate our own destruction" ticular susceptibility to religious ob­ than political have made light of the . Vorster's own Nationalist Party, led (quoted in Africa July, 1977) • scurantism and reactionary defeat in Dade County. Touting slo­ by Dr. Andries Treurnicht, Deputy The utterly phony character of this ideologues. gans like "Thanks Anita for bringing Minister for "Bantu Administration. " war of words was revealed one month us all together," they jokingly refer But to Vorster's "left" are a new Homosexuality and its associated later during Botha' s visit to Wash­ lifestyle is seen as a challenge to the to Bryant as the best thing that ever trend-the so-called verligte, or "en­ ington, when in response to ques­ happened to "gay liberation." nucle~r family and the ideological and lightened," Nationalists, whose most tioning about what the U.S. means by moral encumbrances which have Such a false sense of self-security prominent spokesmen are Education "majority rule" a state department Minister Piet Koornhof and Foreign arisen upon it. For revolutionists, is dangerous. Homosexuals who live official announced, "It would be a the defense of democratic rights for and congregate in insulated communi­ Minister R.F. Botha, who recently miSinterpretation of our policy to sug­ homosexuals is inextricably linked to ties in the more liberal urban centers created a stir by announcing that he gest that we are demanding the im­ was not prepared to die in defense of the goal of replacing the nuclear often have an inflated sense of their mediate implementation of any kind of family as an economic and legal unit social weight and a distorted view of "whites-only" signs in e 1 e vat 0 r s • policy. We have not demanded one Botha and Koornhof have advocated a in a socialist society. American society and the depths of the man, one vote tomorrow" (quoted in backward prejudices which Bryant has "plural democracy" in w h i c h the' New York Times, June 23). Two days various castes of South Africa-the tapped. The scapegoating of homo­ after this Botha happily proclaimed Democratic Party: Foster Parent of sexuals is part of a broader and more Indians, "Coloureds," b 1 a c k s and that, as he understood the U.S. po­ the Oppressed? menaCing attack and must be fought by whites-would all allegedly have a Sition, "the basic issue is whether mobili~ing the social power of the certain amount of autonomy, while Although thousands marched in the human rights and human dignity should streets chanting "No More Miamis," organized working class to defend the each sending representatives to cen­ be the province of all South Afri­ tral government institutions. Whites, the lifestyle radicalism and Demo­ democratic rights of all the cans." "If that is the case," he add­ cratic Party politics-"Not Anita but oppressed. however, would still continue todom­ ed, "then we're in business" (In­ Bella"-that dominated the demon­ inate the state. ternational Herald Tribune, June .25- Parallel to the verligte trend, some strations pose no strategy to stop View From the Fake-Left 26). ThUS, the butchers of Vietnam and Anita Bryant's vicious crusade or end leading Afrikaaner bUSinessmen are those of Soweto "discover" that they also increasingly sympathetic to the the oppression of homosexuals. Many Running neck and neck with the Na­ agree on the "principles of human of the marches took the form of proposals of the group around Harry rights"-and 0 nth e i r mutual op­ tional Gay Task Force in the attempt Oppenheime r, top tycoon of the Anglo­ candlelight vigils as crowds led by to pass off Carter's "human rights" position to majority rule through reformed church prelates sought to American (goldmining) Corporation, universal suffrage in South Africa. fraud as "their own" is the reformist which advocates increased municipal counter Bryant's bible-thumping With Socialist Workers Party (SWP). As theirprelerrea quotes of scripture. self-government for the blacks and a The Main Enemy is at Home! the ex-Trotskyists of the SWP abandon few simple improvements in the town­ In addition, "Human Rights for All" the defense of the Soviet degenerated ships, such as street lights and paved R.evolutionists undel"stand that the banners could be seen at most of the workers state against imperialism, roads. Both groups hope to foster a American bourgeOiSie, its nauseating recent demonstrations. Ronald Gold, they have pandered to the democratic black middle class with a standard "holier-than-thou" preachments not­ e.retensions of the Carter administra-: of living above the rest of the black withstanding, is the deadly enemy of tion. For example, at a recent meeting masses to act as a buffer for the the oppressed masses, from Soweto the class dynamics of the Chinese revolution of 1925-27: of the Coalition for Lesbian and Gay whites. and Durban to Harlem and Harlan Rights in New York City, a proposal Meanwhile, South Africa's crisis County. While cretinist liberals ~ "But our party led the proletariat to the was made to stage a demonstration spurred attempts at an alliance be­ reformists scream for U.S. imperi­ dictatorship [in Russia] only because it demanding "human rights" for homo­ tween the two main parties in op­ alism to implement a trade embargo, defended with the greatest energy, sexuals at the United Nations on the position to the Nationalists, the UP economic sanctions or a D;loral cru­ doggedness and devotion all the slogans date of the Helsinki agreements meet­ and the Progressive Reform Party. sade against their South African junior and demands of democracy, including ing in Belgrade.l\motion was placed This has not been pOSSible, since the partners, we stand for international popular representation based upon on the floor demanding that "the tone universal suffrage, responsibility of the UP, although it opposes Afrikaaner working-class action to aid our and content of the demonstration dif­ dominance, does not support the PRP' s embattled class brothers· and sisters government to the people, etc, Only such an agitation permits the party to preserve ferentiate ourselves from Carter's willingness to grant the franchise to in South Africa: for the "h 0 t - the proletariat from the influence of the human rights campaign"-which the blacks (although the PRP has been cargoing" (labor boycott) of aU mili­ SWP voted against! Moreover, the careful to specify property and edu­ tary goods to South Africa and for petit bourgeois democracy [in the case of South Africa, the ANC], to undermine its SWP has pushed the politically vacu­ c a ti 0 n a 1 qualifica tions - which, of militant action by U.S. trade unions to ous slogan "No More Miamis." course, would prevent majority rule). force companies with' affiliates in influence among the peasantry, to prepare the alliance of the worker and peasant, Predictably, the anti-homosexual Late in June, however, the UP dis­ South Africa to recognize trade -union and to draw into its ranks the most crusade has gone uncovered in the solved, ending its 67 year existence. rights for black South African work­ resolute revolutionary elements." pages of Revolution, newspaper ofthe While the majority of former UP ers. Instead of the ultra-reformist and - The Chine~e Question After the Sixth Maoist Re vol u tio nary Commu­ members seek to form a new party ultimately pro-imperialist plea for Congress nist Party (RCP). The RCP has gone by fusing with the tiny Democratic U.S. companies to pull their invest­ on record with the position that homo­ Party, some party members are ex­ ments out of South Africa-and invest In addition to our call for uni­ sexuality is a disease of decadent pected to go over. to the PRP, while them elsewhere!-we struggle for the versal suffrage, communists raise a capitalist society, akin to "exotic others will undoubtedly look to the revolutionary expropriation 0 f in­ pvogram to answer the land-hunger of religious sects, mysticism, drugs, verligte Nationalists. dustry and finance by a South African the millions of blacks excluded from pornography, promiscuity, sex or­ /' workers and peasants government. the majority of their own land and gies, trotskyism, etc." Imperialists: "Majority Rule," But Last fall, in response to the wave of dumped in the bantustans: the abo­ Just as sections of the Maoist Not Universal Suffrage repression unleashed by the Vorster lition of the pass law system and movement opted for pandering to the .regime against the Soweto rebellion the bantustan program of forced re­ white-racist anti-busing sentiment in South Africa has been the target of and the Johannesburg general strike, tribalization. Furthermore, we seek the working class, so we can expect considerable "human rights" wind­ the Spartacus youth League organized to end the system of segregation that certain aspects of the "Save Our baggery by imperialist mouthpieces united-front demonstrations to de­ dictated by apartheid for all areas of Children" campaign will be touted as like U.S. Vice President Mondale and mand an end to the racist police ter­ economic and social life and call "progressive" in the pages of the Mao­ Andrew Young. The Carter admin­ ror, the f r e e ing of anti-apartheid for the end of discriminatory "bantu ist press. The current right-wing mo­ istration has taken pains .to appear prisoners, the cessation of all mil­ education," the' abolition of the in­ bilizations against homosexuals will ,"balanced" in its "human rights" itary aid to South Africa, and to dustrial color bar and for integrated place these bigots objectively in the crusade-which in reality is an anti­ raise the cry: "Smash Apartheid!" industrial unions. camp of reaction. communist propaganda offensive de­ The white-supremacist reg i m e signed to refurbish U.S. imperialist Destroy Apartheidl Open the Road might relax or abolish certain aspects Workers Revolution: Liberator of to Workers Revolutionl of apartheid in the face of struggles credibility in preparation for new in­ the Oppressed terventions in Africa and elsewhere. by the black, "Coloured" and Indian Andrew Young's calls for "ma­ The key task faCing the black pro­ masses. Nevertheless the resolution In the recent demonstrations it jority rule" in South Africa reflect letariat in South Africa is to break of the land question and the consol­ was only the SL/SYL and the Red U.S. imperialism's concern that Vor­ down the apartheid system which idation of democratic liberties for the Flag Union (Bolshevik Tendency) ster's intransigence is becoming di vides and regiments the tOiling tOiling masses, in the teeth of the [RFU(BT) ]-formerly the Lavender counterproductive. Washington and masses. It is necessary for socialists inevitable bourgeois reSistance, can and Red Union-that raised a working­ Wall Street would prefer that some to fight for key democratic slogans, only be accomplished by a triumphant class perspective for the struggle for concessions were made to halt the especially the demand for a,con­ black-centered workers aru[ peasants democratic rights of homosexuals. increasing instability in South Africa. stituent assemblv elected by universal government, drawing in all the op­ As one leader of the RFU(BT)-which At the same time, the American suffrage. As Trotskyists, we see the pressed castes of South Africa and is' now engaged in fusion discussions bourgeOisie sees that the skilled labor burmng importance of the demand for whatever white allies can be won with the SL-stated at a recent Los shortage caused by apartheid is a "one man, one vote" precisely be­ through s t rug g 1 e. But this future Angeles conference: "If we fuse with brake on capitalist development in cause, unlike the Stalinists and fake South African revolution depends on the SL, we will not enter as gay South Africa. For example, in March Trotskyists of the Socialist Workers the con s t r u c t ion of a Leninist­ liberationists•••• I ama communist a group of major U.S. corporations Party, we do not se,parate the struggle Trotskyist vanguard party, struggling who happens to be a homosexual. proposed such measures as the de­ for democratic tasks from the strug­ against the dead end of bourgeois' I have only one political identity as segregation of their South African gle for workers rule. As Trotsky so nationalism and illusione in "demo­ a fighter for the ~roletarian plants' cafeterias and the promotion clearly explained when writing about cratic" imperialism•• revolution." • 10 YOUNG SPARTACUS

than white students, n they can say, principal, Winegar, said he'd come Interview ... "Mr. Griffith's in charge of that." down and listen to yaur demands? Conference ... continued from page 3 YSp: Cauld yau des c rib e Solidarity G.R.: The white parents were all continued from page 6 G.R.: Well, she had a metal' finger Day at "Sauthie" [Monday. May 9] around that school, and the white stu­ .ments and oral traditions of our party. nail file on her keyring, and a white and what the demands of the students dents upstairs were just dying for For these young members, the United girl told one of the state troopers were? us to come up the stairs. The state States of the 1970' s is their stationed in the school that she had troopers and the aides were mad. first conscious pOlitical experience a knife. The state trooper came up to G.R.: The reason we had Solidarity Mr. Winegar said, either we go up­ as revolutionists. This new generation her and said, "Hey you, let me see Day was mainly because black parents stairs or we'll be suspended or ar­ of comrades will be shaped by the your keys." So she gave him her would go to the school and couldn't rested. We asked him, "If we go up­ 1970's, as in the past each new layer key ring. When he saw the nail file, find out a thing about what was going stairs, . are you going to provide us that comes to communist conscious­ he said, "You're not supposed to have on. Another reason was because Judge with some protection?" Mr. Winegar ness has been shaped by its germinal this," and took it off her key ring. She Garrity was having a hearing and we said, "I can't guarantee it, I can't political experience. kept walking down the hall way. were going to court with a petition even guarantee that for myself." So . As the' youth section of But then, all of a sudden, this on the students' behalf. We went to we said, "If we go upstairs and you the SL/U.S., we are subject to all state trooper came and grabbed her the African Heritage Institute and we can't provide us with protection, we're the pressures and difficulties of and said, "Gimme that knife!" He had school there. going to walk in a group." He said, "If American society in the 1970's, as wouldn't let her go. Her sister came The next day we didn'tgo to school. you walk in groups, you're going to be described in the December 1976 SL up and told him that she had already That Wednesday we went to school, dispersed or arrested." Trade Union Commission "General handed over the file. The state trooper but we decided not to go to class, but Then a black aide came downstairs Memorandum": pushed her sister back and took my to organize in the cafeteria, because and she said, "Mr. Winegar, if you "The SL projected in August 1974 that friend in this hallway. He kicked her a lot of threats came to African Her­ let those students up those stairs, you enormous pressures were building up at in the face, knocked her all the way itage'Institute-on Monday there were might as well kill them all downstairs, the base of the labor movement, threaten­ down to the second floor, and then calls all day. Some person called while they're here. Either they go up ing to shatter the hold of the encrusted and dragged her down the stairs to the first there, said they wanted to speak to those stairs, or you have buses come brittle labor bureaucracy and resulting in Grace Richardson and w 0 u 1 d she floor. A white staff aide was helping and get them. n So we went down to a series of elemental and explosive labor please call back this number. I called the state trooper kick her down the the African Heritage Institute. Then he struggles. This projection retains its the number and it was the South stairs. And when they got her down [Winegar] got on the news and said validity, with the note that an upsurge has Boston Information Center. Someone there, they said they were going to we walked out! not occurred as soon as expected, and with had called and said they were going arrest her for assault and battery. The next day, as soon as we got the recognition that further delay in to bomb the school when the blacks She had bruises and cuts allover her to school, the fights broke out. There significant outbursts is likely." face. Her case kept getting continued came to school. was nothing but fights. That day, and continued in court, and it didn't All year round we had stated our the whole day, there were fights with While the conference recognized that end until this year. She left the school. grievances to Mr. Winegar,. but he state troopers and aides. There were the rightward turn in American Another time, this was in Sep­ hadn't done a thing. So we got down only about four fights with students. society had taken its toll on campus tember of this year, about forty white to the cafeteria and decided to present pOlitical life, many speakers spoke boys jumped this one black boy and our demands to Mr. Winegar. At first YSp: Yau mean between students? of the need to avoid impressionism stomped on his face. His whole face he said he wouldn't address us. He and to prepare the organization for a was bleeding. The fights are mostly told us that if we didn't inove, he was G.R.: Yeah, between students. Wine­ coming upsurge in the labor on the st::cond floor, where they have going to have state troopers disperse gar sat there and lied when he said movement. Ulrike Welsch that students got overheated. Because they put the whites on one floor of the A Training Ground for school and the blacks on another. Revolutionists The students were fighting the state Representatives of the Spartacist troopers and aides the whole day. League/U.S. addressed the confer­ On Friday they had three pages full ence, noting the importance of young of names of black students who were activists playing a r91e in the party's suspended. Only eight white students trade-union work. The SYL seeks were suspended. They sent one bus, to be a training ground for young our bus, up to the high school with revolutionists, providing the recruits no escort, with white parents all and human material for critical party around. The next day the parents tasks. James P. Cannon, the founder. came to school with the kids on the of American Trotskyism, stated the bus. They told the parents they had to get off, and they sent the buses importance of work among youth in a speech delivered during the SWP's back. On the last day of school the faction fight against Cochran-Clarke white students were kept in one hall­ at the height of the McCarthy period: way and the blacks in another. "I was overjoyed when I heard the report YSp: The r e are a lot of people. that our comrades in Detroit. despite their like the NAACP. various liberal preoccupation with the Square D strike organizations and the Socialist Work­ and the election campaign, got a nucleus Racist mob rampaging toward South Boston High, February 1976. ers Party/Yaung Socialist Alliance established at Wayne University. By virtue who say that w hat black students of the fact that they were running more state troopers and aides than us. We just sat there, so then he came shauld do to stop the racist attacks candidates for public office and not they do anywhere else in the school. back and said he would listen to our is to rei y on the government, rely playing dead like the Cochranites, they So, if black students are getting demands. on the police and state troopers, came in under a ruling that gave them a attacked on the second floor, what are One demand was to have 50 rely on the caurts. What do yau think right to have a socialist political club on these troopers dOing? percent black tea c her s at South of this kind of conception? the campus. Boston. There are 103 white teachers "As such, they presented our candidates at YSp: Yau 're saying that the role of the and 8 black tea c her s. Also, 50 G.R.: I don't believe it. I myself do regular forums on the campus; started state troopers has not b?en to protect percent black aides, because there not believe in the NAACP, because some arguments, and got into a ruckus the blaclt-students but to attack them? were 14 black aides and 31 white they aren't worth a damn. The NAACP with the editor of the student paper and aides. We also wanted to have Black didn't support us. We need to rely stirred up a big hullabaloo; and interested G.R.: Most of them, yeah. They tell History put into the curriculum, be­ on the par e n t s and the students some students and got them down to you that when they bring in the state cause they had Irish Literature, and themselves. _ attend party meetings, and recruited a few troopers, you're going to have pro­ talk about how it's mandatory that we of them into the party. That I say is tection. I wouldn't bet my life on have Irish Literature. They turned revolutionary trade union work of the those state troopers. If I was in a this whole English class' into Irish highest significance. For it can be said hallway and someone was jumping me, Literature. The teac;her put sham­ with assurance that not a few of the future I wouldn't depend on them. They rocks all around the room and led leaders of the mass movement in Detroit tell us to bring whistles to school the students in Singing their Irish are going to come from the campus of and blow them when there's trouble. songs. And they called that "Irish Wayne University." [original emphasis] But you'd blow forever. The troopers Literature." We had that grievance --James P. Cannon. Speeches to the Party don't even move. They just stand there before. So he put Black History as a with their arms folded. mini -course gfteL school. No credits, Build the SYL! Every time you see an inCident, or no nothing. Tell me, who's going to While two years have elapsed since. vou had a fight, you're supposed to come into South Boston after school fill out one of these incident reports. to take a mini-course? Another of our the last SYL National Conference, But it's useless, because these aides demands was to have the same ac­ the tasks of the youth organization get together and you're suspended no cess to the school for black organ­ have not fundamentally changed. The matter what. izations and parents as have the white' tasks of building and consolidating parents and South Boston Information. campus fractions on politically acti ve YSp: In other words. the student fills He [Winegar] said that we asked him and potentially fertile universities through a thorough knowledge of cam­ out an incident report, and .the aide to close the school and move it. fills out an incident report. and the pus political life, systematic contact­ administration just goes by w hat the 'ing, aggressive opponents work and, aide says? YSp: The Boston papers said that was whenever pOSSible, energetic cam­ yaur main demand. paigns, producing and selling our G.R.: That's right. All the black stu­ monthly press, recruiting and training dents that were involved in fights got G.R.: We weren't demanding that. PRICE: $1.50 the future cadres of the party-these suspended. Now they have one black That wasn't on our list of demands. .order from/pay to: perspectives have guided the SYL for on the administration, Mr. Griffith. The parents were demanding that on Spartacus Youth Publishing Co. the past three years and will continue to do so for the immediate future. They gave him the job of suspending Solidarity Day, not the students. Box 825, Canal Street Station Join the SYL! Build the Trotskyist people so when people say, "More New York, N.Y. 10913 black students are getting suspended' YSP: What happened after the youth Section of the SL! _ JULY/AUGUST 1977 1,

oric aside, the MOB can be count­ construction workers recently thrown" ed on to oppose the students the on the street. Brazilian Students. moment their struggles were to pose The social emancipation of the •• a serious challenge to the regime. The hideously oppressed .and impover­ continued from page 12 MOB was formed in 1965 bythe.mili­ ished Brazilian masses awaits the leadership body on a nationwide scale. darized with the Students; Sao Paulo tary junta to provide a tame" electoral seizure of power by the proletariat Police repression 0 n c e again movie theaters opened their doors opposition" to the military's captive and the formation of a workers and intensified as the government tried to free the next day in a gesture of National. Renovating Alliance peasants government. The student halt the protests by arresting known solidarity. (ARENA)~ The MDB, whichincludect protests of today must be linked to strike leaders. In Rio de Janeiro 30 As we go to press, the strikes con­ formations such as the bourgeois the strategic power of the proletar­ students suspected of being delegates tinue. Ten universities are complete­ "Labor" Party of former military iat in the industrial zones of Sao to the Meeting were rounded up, ly shut down either by student protest strongman Getiilio Vargas, has been Pauio, Rio de Janeiro and Minas interrogated and released only after it OT administration retaliation. Meet­ complicit in the murderous activi­ Gerais. was too late to travel to Belo Hori­ ings of the Universidade de Brasilia ties of the Brazilian dictatorship !'he urban and rural masses must zonte. In Sao Paulo, the police were student body continue to vote unan­ throughout its thirteen-year reign of be mobilized around a revolutionary unable to round up the delegates, imously to remain on strike-and the . terror. Students must not rely upon program which includes democratic but according to the newsweekly Veja rector closed the school for the en­ any section of the Brazilian bour­ demands including-for the immediate (8 June), "the Sao Paulo police have tire period through the July recess. geoisie to oppose continued military freedom of all victims of right-wing in their hands Jhe names of a good (Moreover, a Third Student National terror. The military seized power in repression; for full "trade-union number of the delegates to the Meet­ Meeting had been scheduled for Sao 1964 to prevent "former president rights; for a sweeping agrarian rev­ ing-the score will be settled upon Paulo on June 21.) Goulart from carrying through his olution; for freedom of political their return to Sao Paulo." When prqpos3.l to implement the most mini­ asSOCiation, press and speech; and for the Meeting was staged as planned, Down with Geisel! mat land reform (far less "reform" a genuine constituent assembly based the police attacked and arres~ed over than was enacted by bourgeois gov­ upon universal suffrage. The'struggle 800 studepts en masse; 98 are to ernments in Italy and Guatemala in for democratic freedoms, the over­ stand tri~ under the draconian Na­ Despite the manifest courage of the post-World War II period), and throw of the Brazilian generals and tioncp Security Law. the student radicals, the campus;.. to grant restricted democratic rights the expropriation of the rapaCioUS centered protests lack any strategy for soldiers and non-commissioned imperialiSts d~mand above all else "SWAT"-Brazllian Style for the revolutionary overthrow of officers. The fear of arousing the the building CJf. a Brazilian Trotsky­ the Geisel dictatorship. Banners pro­ masses was so inten$e among all ist party, section of a reforged Fourth claiming "W

Pitched Battles Against Po6ce-State Regression Student Struggles Engulf· Brazil

Magnum/Bruno Barbey

- , Brazilian students by the thousands have taken to the streets demanding "Democratic Freedoms" (left), despite fierce state repression (right). June 25-In a continent known for the graphically isolated and politically -- Strike activity broadened, and by Committees"began to spread across unbridled savagery of its many mili­ lim i ted to campus-parochial con­ the May 19 "National Day of Struggle" Brazil as students sought to create tary dictatorships, the Brazilian re­ cerns, it nonetheless represented a at least ten campuses were shut down. national bodies to press their strug- gime of "president" Ernesto Geisel tentati've step toward a broader mobi­ Demonstrations spread to 16 cities, ,gle for democratlc rights., In Sao has earned' a reputation for its wanton lization against the Geisel regime. including Rio d.e Janeiro, Belo Hori­ Paulo freely elected Student Central recourse to police-state terror. zonte, Salvador and Brasilia (where Directorates were created. In the Long the darling of imperialist On April 28 the current wave of the entire student population of15,800 words of the student organizers, these investors and their academic brain­ protest began whenpoiice seized eight struck). bodies "are free because we do not trusters, the ruling camarilla of army students and workers (apparently Police around the country' as­ abide by the laws imposed by the generals is notorious throughout Latin members of a left-wing organization) sa,plted protesters with what eye­ authorities that do not permit di­ America for its brutal repression and as they were distributing leaflets call­ witnesses termed the most vicious rect, free elections and that restrict the systematic torture and "disap­ ing for a "Day of Struggle" on May rep ression since 1968. 77 ;000 police our freedom to demonstrate and pearance" of political opponents of. Day. Protests quickly escalated after and troops were placed on alert in orga,nize." Over 16,000 of the 30,000 the Brazilian regime. But in recent stu den t san d trade-union opposi­ Sao Paulo as an estimated 8,000 Sao Paulo students participated in weeks the Brazilian gorilas have been tionists 'from the Sao Paulo metal­ students rallied at the University the Central Directorate elections. confronted with an eruption of popular workers issued leaflets demanding the medical school. As the pOlice closed Meanwhile, an attempt was made discontent that has shaken their iron­ retease of the imprisoned leftists. in to arrest demonstrators, they beat to revive the National Student Union, heel "law and order." To the dismay of Geisel, May 5 reporters who had-despite agovern­ the banned organization whicl:! led For the first' time since 1968; brought 10,000 students (supported by ment ban-c 0 v ere d the t;l a r Ii e r Brazilian student protest during the a major upsurge of student protest the metalworkers) into the streets of protests. ' 1960·s. A call was issued for a stu­ against the military regime has Sao Paolo in what was the largest dent "National Meeting" on June 4 sparked a series of courageous con­ _protest rally ~ince 1968. The dem­ National Student Meeting in Belo Horizonte-the capital of the frontations with the brutal armed onstration-which electrified the en­ industrial state of Minas Gerais­ forces of the state. Despite vicious tire spectrum of Brazilian political In the aftermath of the "National with the aim of electing a delegated beatings at the hands of the pOlice life-witnessed the issuing of a second Day of Struggle," "May 1 Amnesty continued on page 11 "Open Letter to the Brazilian People," and mass arrests, student strikes AUREMAR DE CAS) H( , have continued to defy the authori­ which in a more political fashion de­ ties, demanding the release of politi­ manded "that the' authorities respect cal prisoners and the grantfng of full the freedom to demonstrafe and the right of expression and organization of d e m 0 c rat i c rights-mOl\lt notably, freedom of assembly and speech. all oppressed sectors of the popu­ lation" {quoted in Intercontinental First Tremors of Protest Press, 13 June}. The open defiance of the authori­ The first tremors of the current ties exhibited in Sao Paulo on May 5 upheaval occurred on March 30, when intersected the pervasive disgruntle­ students staged a demonstration in the ment of Brazilian working people with industrial center of Sao Paulo. In the continued arbitrariness and re­ response to a government pression of the regime. Under the announcement of a 40 percent reduc­ imp~ct of the collapse of the "Bra­ tion in the Universidade de Sao Paulo zilian miracle" (which impression­ budget,- widespread layoffs among fac­ istic bourgeois economists such as ulty and campus workers and a price Walt Rostow had taken as proof of rise in the university restaurants, the "take-off stage" in anti-Marxist students took to the streets and dis­ theories of industrial development) tributed an "open letter, " which in part rifts have become apparent even declared, within the ruling bonapartist cabal. "Our struggle is not ours alone; it is that of Increasingly isolated, Geisel was the whole popUlation, of all who struggle forced to dissolve Congress in April, against a hard life, for better wages, for 'and he has come under increased more schools, for university restaurants, pressure from the fake-opposition for the freedom to demonstrate .. ,<' Movimiento Democratico Braileiro reprinted in Informations Ouvrieres, {MOB} and from renewed stirrings of 2 June 1977 discontent among junior officers in Student strike leaders at Belo Horizonte marched off to jail ,amidst a militArv Although this protest remained geo- the military. show of force.