¡JJ . II.~ :Rv:.llllipD .Abe. B. Simpsn, L Edtors j Vol. iv. No. i. i :R. Bue R. Smith, f . JULY, 1881. l Bible Hoos, New York" : JAPAN; MISSIONS .AONG THE JAPANSE i GENE ARTICLS, :MSSIONARY NEWS, ETO. i1

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FEDING THE TEIIPLE BIRDS IN JAPA.N. 2 THE GOSPEL IN ALL LANDS.

-apan. potentate was regardedgenealogy with of 2,400superstitiöus years. Until withIii3 rêv~rence; few yeiu thisin- J i or emperor, who traces his royal descent in ln unbroken deed he was held to he invested with divine honors ex- The Country, People and Government of Japan. ceeding even those attributed to the Pope of Rome. ITe- A correspondent of the Canadian Presbyterian Record was too sacred a personage to be seen of men. No one- gives in the February number such an excellent account was permitted to look upon him ilxcept the very highest governmentof the country, of people Japan, and ence nobles. was confinedHis bodily within pres- that we transfer the same the limits of a small prin- to"The our Empirepages._ ofHe Japansays: nevercipality went. beyond Shrouded which inhe consists of four large is- mystëry, he had to sit,. Sikohulands-Niphon, Kiu-siu, motionless and as a statue,Yesso. Niph- his throne for hours at a.on on,long, the with largest, an average900 miles crown. time wearingHe was not a heavy sup- breadth of 100 miles, is posed to die. He only about one-fith larger than disappeared occasionally. theseGreat thereBritain are Besides an innum- It couldthat a monarchnot be expected like that islands.erable number The total of popu~ small . lengthshould of for time any exercise great lation at the time of the much control over a King- last33,338,504. census, inThe 1876, scenery was seventydom divided provinces, into sixty each or in many parts is very independent of the ~ther,. beautiful, and the cli- governed by local chiefs mate,season, except is delightfuL in the rainyThe and whose incontestable rue was absolute as that soil is fertile and well . of the chieftains of the cultivated. Minerals are Highland clans of Scot- abundant.teredo It is well wa- land In centuries short, it is a normal condition ofago. a.The inpleasant productions land, aboundingsuitable one country of ceaseless thus governed civil war. is forand thebeast. support The name, of man self The unequal Miado, to fidigthe task him- of Japan,rived fromis saìd the toChiese be de- ant governing elements, these in thediscord- year pan-gu,word Jih-pun-quo meang the or kig- Zi- .: 1142, esterial delegated functions his to maj- one Thedom people of the riêingsun,love to cal:i: of als, the who ablest had of in his reality gener- al- 'The Sunrise Kigdoin' The preeDt Mikado or lapaD. ready become his master. , O-hay-o' is the universal salutation with which the natives I This new chief offcer of the state, known as the Tycoon, greet each other at the peep of day. Early in the morning. soon seated hiself on a throne nearly as high as that of .the children sing oUt-'O-hay-o.' 'O-hay-o' say the servants the Mikado. The Mikado, or spiritual emperor, remained to their employers. 'O-hay-o' politely say the men and the head of the Church, the high-priest of the nation: women who meet on the hilside, on the busy mart 1- but the administration of the temporal afairs vested in 'The top of the morning to you,' as we would say. It is the Tycoon. The relations betwit the two came in the a popular mistake to imagie that Japan was originally course of time to be of the most delicate and embarras- colonized by the Chinese. The Japanese resent the im- ing kind. The longer they continued they grew the putation, deemig it a disgrce to be compared with the worse until, in 1868, they culmated in a revolution the Chinese-so long have they been accustomed to regad most remarkable iñ its charater and results of any that their nation a8 theiountain head of eastern civilization. ever befel a civilized nation since the world began, and The people are divided into classes, somewhat resembling in which the hand of an over-ruling Providence may be the ,castes of India, though the line is perhaps not quite clearly traced.

80 sharly drwn. The highest dignity is the Mikado, "The political change whch preceded this revolution THE GOSPEL IN ALL LANDS. -3 were not the result of human foresight or wisdom. The has been introduced. An excellent lighthouse system Japanese were led on, Unconsciously on their part, by has also been established. Railoads and telegraph lines successive steps to a consummation they never dreamed are in successful operation, and, what is more germane of. Christianity, which had very little to do with it, to our subject, the laws against the introduction of Chrs- looked on in-amazement and exclaimed,-' what hath God tianity have been greatly modified. The digusting wrought!' and now at God's bidding it has gone in to orgies connected with some of their religious festivals take possession of the Empire. The disintegrating forces have been prohibited by law. The numerous public holl- which were to' overturn the old feudal system had been days of the Empire, on which the people worshipped at long smouldering. The turning point in the history of the teml?les and shrines, are all done away, except New: J:apan was reached with the accession to throne of the Year's Day and the Mikado's Birthday. Sunday is present Emperor, Matu-Hito, on the 3rd of February, legally constituted' a day of Rest." Since 1837 it was a 1867. He was then a boy of seventeen, but soon gave law of the land that 'so long as the sun shall shine no proof that he was possessed of uncommon vigor and in- foreigner shall touch the soil of Japan and live: that no telligence. It may be enough to say here that at the native shall leave the country, under the pain of death:

.0 JA1ANE5E (;OUCH. present time he is reputed to be one of the most en light- that all Japanese who return from abroad shall die: that ened men inJ apan. In the second year of his reign, the all persons who propagate the Christian doctrines, or 'offce of the Tycoon, that had existed for six,hundred bear this scandalous name, shall be imprisoned: that who- and seventy-six years, was abolished, the then incumbent soever shall presume to bring a letter from abroad, or to was banished; during the next few years the whole return after he has been banished, shall die, with all his feudal system was swept away; the Mikado, threw off his family;' all these, and other bloody decrees have been sacerdotal mask and took his position' like a man_' at the blotted out from the statute-book. head of the executive authority. The .laimios, as the "The Japanese are natúrally an industrious and in- provincial rulers were called, were stripped of their feudal genious people. They possess a certain nobilty of char- powers and nine-tenths of their revenues, their obsequi- .acter which even their great moral turpitude has not ous retainers were thrown upon their own resources for wholly effaced. They are. eminently intellectuaL. The their support, and the Japanese people raised~ fm a posi- poorer classes have a native courtesy of manner. The tion of serfdom, have now the exercise of pol ical rights higher classes are distinguished by a studied dignity and and advantages secured to them by the admini tion of refinement. But, they ar, on the other hand, a licen- a represeptative government. A Bureau of ;Public In- tious people. Their past government and religion have struction has been established and a national system of openly sanctioned vice. Deception is their forte. They Education instituted. In 1877 there were 25,459 elemen- pride themselves in lying. There is no country in which tary schools, with 59,525 teachers and 2,162,962 scholars. life has been held so cheap. It has even been said that There were 389 middle schools, with 910 teachers. At they have had but one punishment for all offences, small the head of the system is the U I1iversity of Tokio. There or great, and that one was death. A redeemin~ feature in are also Normal schools for training teachers. Thousands J ap~nese society, however, deserves mention-the non-ex- of volumes of English text-books have been importd istence of polygamy. Woman is recognized as a com- for use in the schools. The European system of postage panion and not treated as a mere chattel or slave. In 4 THE GOSPEL IN .ALL LANDS.

thi respect her position is vastly superior to that of pan ions, and was the first to introduce Christianity. He women:in the East generally, and it shows itself in the met with little opposition. Indeed, when some of the superiority of character and the greater prevalence of heathen priests requested the Mikado to expel the foreign' domestic: virtues. One o( the fiI't fruits of the new monks, he asked how, many religious sects they already . 'regime in Japan was the appointment of an influential had in Japan. Thirty-five was the reply. ' Well,' said embassage to visit Europe and America. When in Lon- he,' where thirty-five sects can be tolerated, we can easily don, the embassadors are said to have asked Queen Vic- bear with thirty-six.' The new religion spread rapidly. toria what was the secret tlf England's greatness, and to In a single month Xavier baptized 10,000 persons, and in have received for reply a copy of the Bible. It.was not one city, 3,000. In 1587 it received its first shock, in a long until a thousand of the most intellgent young men persecution of great severity. The Jesuits becomig

A. UPANESE DOCTOR. of Japan were selected and sènt to England and America more exacting and tyrannical, the Tycoon became to receive a liberal education at the public expense. alarmed, and issued a proclamation prohibiting his sub- Most of these returned to spread the civilization, and, in jects under pain of death from embracing Christiauity. some cases, the religion which they had also acquired Twenty-seven were then executed as a warning to the among their countrymen. The ancient religion of Japan rest. In 1590, no fewer than 20,370 Christians were put is Sintooism, the chief deity being the Sun-Goddess, who to death. In 1597, a third persecution followed. Forty is considered too sacred to be addressed herself in prayer years later, a fourth, more severe than ever, for in 1637, . and is therefore invoked by inferior deities, of whom I on one day, the 12th of April, 37,000 Christians were put . there are reckoned 492 gods and 2,640 deified men who to death. The Spaniards and Portuguese were finally have their temples, priests, and priestesses. The chief I expelled from the Empire, and out of 2,000,000 converts end of their religion is happiness in this world. Of the there only remained 12,000. To the credit of the Jesuits future state of rewards and punishments they seem to be it added, that in three years from that time they sent have no dt:fined idea. Buddhism was intoduced in A.D. out a fresh band of heroic missionaries numbering

69, and is now the prevalent religion of the country. seventy-three persons. On their arrival at Nagasaki The higher classes affect Confucianism. they were arrested, and all but twelve were beheaded, "The existence of Japan was first made known to the rest were only spared that they might go back to Europe by Marco Polo on his return from China in 1295, those who sent them with the message, that' should the but it was not until 1542 that it was actually discov:ered King of Portugal, nay, the very God of the Chritians

by a shipwrecked crew. In 1549, Francis Xavier, thQ presume to enter Japan, they would serve him in the famous 'apostle of the Indies,' landed with his com. same manner.' At that time watl instituted the annual TH~ GOSPEL IN ALL LANDS. 5 festival, only recently abolished, of 'trampling upon the to a few towns mentioned in the treaties. Special per-- cross,' as the most significant symbol that could be de- mission, which is often granted, however, must be oh- vised of their determination forever to renounce Christ tained before they can go elsewhere. The old laws and Hi religion. against Christianity have not yet been formally rescinded, "To the Americans belongs the credit of being the first but they are not so vigorously enforced as once they to establish commercial relations with Japan. On the were, and native preachers can go anywhere preachig first of July, 1853, a powerful American squadron under the Gospel, which is perhaps the most hopeful feature jp the command of Commoilore Perry entered the harbor of connection with the whole matter.. If the people do not Yeddo, and after much diffcult negotiation he succeeded eagerly embrace the Gospel, there are many who at least in delivering to the Japanese offcials a letter addressed listen tó it, and, when it shall be clearly demonstated

JAPANESE HOUSE OF THE BETTER CLA.

. to tne EmperQr by the President of the United States, that Christianity does not mean Romanism, the distrust demanding protection for American seamen wrecked on with which all foreigners are regai:ded wil ceaSe, and a. the coast, and, if possible, to conclude a commercial better sun than has ever shone upon it wil irradiate the treaty. In February, 1854, he returned 'With a hrger 'Sunrise Kingdom.'" _ fleet for an answer. In March, a treaty was agreed upon, In addition to the above desci iption, Rev. Frank S. ,opening certain ports for commerce, and provIDing for Dobbins says: the residence of consuls. Treaties with Great Britain "Japan is the crest of a mountain-chain rising from and other nations followed soon after. One coneession the depths of the sea; its highest point, rising 12,000 led to another. First, the foreigners were allowed the feetabove the sea, is the Matchless Mountain, Fuji-yama, free exercise of their religion, and were permitted to I whose picture is painted on, or worked in, all objects of build churches in certain places. Christian ESionaries Japanese art. Japan is rich in the precious and useful could again enter the Empire as citizens; hey could metals. Only a tenth of its area is under cultivation. study the language and thus prepare them . lves for i Bamboo thickets, pine-groves, and rice-fields are the prin- future labors. Then European ideas began to prevail and cipal objects in the Japanese landscape. Japan has few precipitated the great revolution of 1868, already referred varieties of birds, (the crow predominates,) but a great to, by which Japan was practically opened to the world, variety of fishes. There is but little cattle; thA Japan- and, in a nieasure, to the Gospel. It is necessary to use ese use neither milk, butter, nor beef, and only a few this q1lalification in speaking of the introduction of Pro- horses or ponies of a peculiar breed. These are used to testant missions in Japan, for the liberty enjoyed by mis- carry burdens. There are but few roads _ in Japan, aud sIonaes and foreignerH generally amounts as yet only to many bridle-paths. Railroads run from Yokohama to toleration. They are stil confined, as to their residence, Tokio, (eighteen miles,) from Kobe to Osaka, (twenty- 6 THE GOSPEL IN ALL LANDS. two miles,) and from Osaka to Kiobo, (twenty-six and was speaking, replied: 'But, truly, madam, is it not far one-half-miles). This last-named line is being extended, better to worship this beauty and majesty than an ido.l and recently a new line was built in Yezzo. Tokio. is made o.f wood, stone or clay? It must be so. for surely the eastern Capital, and Kioto the western; Tokio is the such worship must draw the wo.rshiper nearer to your nne, literary center, and Kioto the art center, of Japan. The holy God, who. made the mountain, than is the case when climate is that of the Atlantic States stretching from one prays to an image of man's own making.' In all this New Jersey to Florida. "The people of Japan came in two bodies to Japan; one, the Ainos, over land and sea from China and Corea on the west; the other, the Yamatoos, from the Malay lands on the south. The face of the typical Japanese is oval, with oblique eyes, r~unded nose, bud-like mouth, pointed chin, and of various shades of brown or bronze. They are generally diminutive in size. The sexes are about equally divided. The position of woman in Japan is in advance of that of any other Asiatic country. J a- pan is the 'Paradise of Babies.' The people are domes- tic in their tastes, and pay great attention to the amuse. ment of their children. There are now no class (i. e., caste) distinctions existing." JAPANESE TEMPLES. In Heathen Woman's Priend we find the fo.llowing ac- co.unt of the Japanese temples: " The temples of Japan are many of them magnificent; usually they stand upo.n a considerable rise of ground, thickly surrounded by trees and shrubbery, and are in many respects the most attractive spot in the town, city or hamlet where they are situated. Entering one of these sacred edifices, you need feel little fear that your moving about wil interrupt the devotions of those who may chance to be worshiping before the huge idol, which JapaDese Laleø~Brfdeand Attendants. occupies a sort of golden cage, or enclosure, ai-he center of the temple; for even while theycontinu. their prayers, worship of many deities, how easy to trace the piteous they wi turn toward you, grasp your dress, examie its outreaching of the soul for its only true restg-place- texture, pause long enough to comment on your personal the heart of Infiite Love itself." appearance, etc., and then resume their monotonous chant HOUSEHOLD CUSTOMS. or prayer to the god before whom they are bo.wed. Oc- Mrs. J. H. Arthur, in Helping Hand, gives the follow- casionally, however, you wil notice among these careless ing account of Ho.usehold Customs in Japan: worshipers, one-most frequently a woman-whose face "When a woman reaches her house, she takes off her betokens an aching, hungry heart, seeking after-if hap- sandals, pushes aside the sliding doors of paper, and en- pily she may find-some grain of comfort for herself in ters in her stocking feet. The rooms are softly matted, prayer to her tdol. She does not heed your sympathizing bnt contain no furniture. The houses are built of woo.d, glances; with bowed head, dowdcast eyes, tear-wet face, and among the poorer classes have but two or three and clasped hands, she murmurs almost inaudibly her rooms. In the kitchen is a large stone bo.x with ashes broken appeal to the only god of whose existence she and burning coals in it. This is called the hibachi, and _ knows anything. Poor heart ! You can but breathe a over it the rice is coo.ked. There is no chimney in the prayer that the all-loving Father may Himself, with pity- kitchen, but the smoke go.es out either through an open- ing tenderness, answer this suffering so.ul, although her ing in the roof, or imperceptibly through the broad, open plea was in ignorance, directed not to Himself, but to an doors. After the rice is cooked, it iii put in a small, un- idoL." On the first page of this magazine you wil see a painted wo.oden tub. At dinner-time, the mother brigs mother and child going to. feed the temple birds. out a little table, two feet square and one foot high, with "The Japanese have 'go.ds many and lords many.' dishes and food upon it. The family sit upon the mats, Thèy worship the sun, the mo.on, the stars, mountains, the tub of rice is in the center, and each one dips out in- certain rivers, etc. Mention has previously been made to. a bowl, from this central dish, suffcient fnr himself. of their worship of their highest mountain, Fusi- Yami. They often po.ur tea over the rice, and always eat it with At one time, on expressing my sorrow that such worship chopsticks: Fish, sweet potatoes, and a pickle made should be given to an inanimate mass of earth and rock, from a vegetable called daikon, are sometimes served albeit so. lovely as Fusi- Yami, the Japanese to whom I with the dinner. Japanese houses often have but one THE GOSPEL IN .AL LANDS. 7 sleeping-room, which is occupied by the entire family. little better. We also had our' masterless men' amongs When guests come, they share it with them. The beds us. It was a time of civil war in China in wllièh for- consist of heavy comforters. They are spread out On eigners participated equally on both sides, as their con- the mats at night, and put away during the day. Each venience suited, or their interests dictated; and the new persn lays his head, in sleeping, on a little wooden pH- settlement swarmed with smugglers, pirates and cut-

Town Costume lu Japan. Coantr¡ Co.tum,e ID JaplU. low, constructed with a hollow place in which the head throats, waifs from every port in China~ Any old resi- may rest! In some room in the house is a closet con- dent will be able to recall to. mind some of tnese indi- taining a shelf for the gods; and upon the shelf'stand all viduals with what are euphemistically called ~ shady' the hOQ.sehold idols which have come down as heirlooms histories, remnants of an evil past. We' had among us of the famiy from generation to generátion. One of the another and somewhat less dangerous class: men of best tests of the sincerity of the Christian converts is broken fortunes, unscrupulous and unprincipled, who ¡the wiingness to put away these idols; for it proclaims cause the name of 'foreign merchant' to stink in the at once to their frienås and the priests that they have nostrils of the Japanese, and become a by-word the echoes . renounced the religion of their fathers." of which are stil heard occasionally Ìn the less reputable The Japan Gazette of March I, 1881, says: portiòn of the native press. The acts of men of this "The change which our social life and surroundings stamp called forth the famous dispatch of Sir Rutherford liave undergone, during t~e last twenty~, in the (then Mr.) Alcock on the exchange question. No one foreign settlement of Yokohama, have not . n the least can now peruse the parliamentary papers on this subject of the revolutions which foreigners have seen . ss under without shame. Respectable merchants and traders were their eyès in Japan. Residents here, in those' early days, in the minority; while the rowdy and disreputable ele- lived in constant terror of their lives; murders of inno- ments were in the ascendant. cent foreigners by swaggering ronins, resenting what " At the present time, this is all changed. The J apan- they called the pollution of the country of the gods were ese people and their rulers have loyally acepted the not uncommon; a large and influential portion of the treaties, and acknowledged themselves bound by their people was known to be hostile to our presence here; conditions. They are struggling bravely and steadily, I and no trust was placed in the power or desire of the re- with more or less wisdom, along the course of western sponsible rulers of the country, with whom we had made civilzation. Foreigners of all grades mingle freely and treaties, to protect us. Our internal condition was but peacefully with the people of the country. Sooial inter- j 8 THE GOSPEL IN ALL LAND~;' coure is as great as wide, differences in language and N eegata on the west coast, and from the latter plae to modes of thought permit. Instead of the old murderous the e:itreme northern portion of the Empire, was under swashbuckler we have the policemen. We can travel the necessity of followig the native ways of travelling. freely and with the utmost safety through the country Where the roads were comparativ:ely level, the" man from nort to south and from east to west, where for- power carriages" were used. These are light, two- merly it was dagerous to go a few miles outside the set- wheeled v~hicles drawn by two men, who make from tlement. Our letters are carried by the Japanese post- thirty to forty miles a day. Except for the unpleasant- offce, and our telegrams by Japanese wires; we are pro- ness of men doing the work of horses, this is a comfort- tected (sometimes, it is true, imperfectly) by Japanese able way of travelling-in Japan policemen; and even the Emperor himself, the semi- Miss Bird was inormed that the average durtion of a. diviity of those days, is occasionally seen among us, in man's life after he thus makes a draught anal of him-

TBAVELING IN lAPAN. social intercourse with other imperial or royal personages. self is only five year, and yet thousands of fie young And, as time goes on, more especially when the artificial men leave agricultural pursuits to engage in this work barrer which policy has raised up, have disappered, because of the better pay. thi mi~ling of all classes of foreigners and Japanese During the greater par of the tour Miss Bird had to wi, we thik, increase vastly. The fanaticism of the ride on the il-trained and bridleless hors, which, in- Moslem, and the supreme contempt of the Chinese, do stead of being guided by the riders, followed runners, not exit here as insuperable obiitacles to friendly and who in some provinces were men, and in othrs women i cordial socia relations. The two hostile camps, in fact, The ro~ being bad, the horses frequently stumbled, and have alost as completely disappeared as though they occasionally threw her to the ground, but, providentially, had never exited; and no ODe is now called in to take a without serious injury. Sometimes the roads were so side, for the simple reason that sides are not. Our in- very bad that she had to dismount and get along on foot , teres, we hold, are identical; nothing can injuriously as best she could. a1ect a large portion óf the foreign community without In some provinces cows are used instead of horses, and, reacting injuriously on Japanese; and conversely, any like Livingstone in some parts of Africa, she had to prac- benefit to the Japanese people, be it by good harvests tice cowback riding. This is the only servce the cows and increased production, be it by the enactment of wise were to her. laws, or by the reduction of the burden of taxation, must When the condensed milk she took with her was all alo to a oerain extent be beneficial tous." gone, she was naturally desirous of obtainng fresh milk, .. . but she was told that in Japan only calve8 milk C()8, and A. Lay Trveller's Experience in lapan. the utmost. astonihment was expressed by the Japanese BY REV. JOHN LIGGINS. when they were informed that Europeall and Americas Mis Bird, in making her longest and most famous milk cows and drink the milk! jourey in Japan, that from TúkIo on the east coast, to Miss Bird and her luggage were very often drenched THE GOSPEL IN ALL . LANDS. ~

clothes, for they were- all alike wet. She had to ford nu- merous and dangerous stream, where bridges ought to be; to cli~ mountain ranges by ex;- c e e din g i Y narrow paths; to cross swampy, and pestilent plains un- der a hot and debilitat- ing Sul; and to push through thick jun~les where she was scratch- ed and torn, and where . hornets and other in- sects stung her. When to all these things there were add- ed the discomfort and annoyances in the inns and other houses where t! she lodged, the wonder i is not that she was sev- !i eral times very il and I: unable to 'proceed for g t: days, but that she sur- o "i vived at all. At some of the towns she viited, the people are intellgent, and the houses and streets very clean, but at others the exact opposite is the case. But in the ins and other hoùses, which in some respects were models of neatness and order, as well as in tliose where dirt and disorder reigned_ there were "legions -of fleas'~ in the thick mats which were on the floors. These fleas not only in- terfered with the rest at night which the fa- tigue of the day made so necessary, but they sometimes compelled our traveller to take her meals in the street. or road in front of the inn, she preferrig to be almost asphyxated by the peculiarly heavy rains of the country, her" water. proof" cloak and the coverings on her baggage being aI- the victim of the fleas. in the houses. most useless in such rains; and when in this pitiable con. The nocturnal smoking habits of the Japanese was an- dition she arrived at an inn, she could not change her otherI by the annoyance, crowd of curious and a preventivenatives which of collected,refreshing to sleep. being 10 THE GOSPEL IN ALL LANDS. Both sexes not only smoke much during the day, but they When she appealed"to the master of the house to get awake at intervals in the night to smoke, a lighted lamp, the intruders to leave, they replied to him that they had tobacco and pipes being placed near them when they re- never seen so great a sight before as that of an Engli tir. lady, and might never again, and they would consider it The Japanese are ignorant of sanitation, and the water a very unneighborly act if he insisted on their leaving, used for drinking iR frequently véry impure, and Miss and generally it was not insisted upon. So: there was at Bird often could not drink it. In one of the first inns times ~othing left for Miss Bird to do but,toøend her she stopped at after leaving Tokio, one of her attendants Japanese interpreter for the police orto be withoút sleep was made so sick by drinking the water that he co.uld not for the greater part of the night. continue the jeurney, and soon after Mi'S. Gulick, an Apart froin the perseverance of the people in gratify-

SlmoDoekl, a Seaport on the Southwes or Nlphoa, the Chler I8laDd ollapan. American missionary lady who stopped at the same inn, I ing their curiosity and their want of consideration for died through drinking the water. I the tired traveller, the latter had nothing to complain of . Miss Bird frequently could not get any animal food their treatment of h1lr. Thtrewas no rudeness or inciv- but salt fish, and sometimes not even this. Barn yard' ilty', but politeness, courtesy and kindnes8~ Ony on fowl are abundant, but in some provinces not at one place one occasion did she hear the opprobrious epithet so in twenty would the people sell a chicken at any price. common in China, and the utterer of it was imediately Being believers in the transmigration of souls, they rebuked by the bystanders, and an apology was offered. thought that the spirit of deceased persons, and possibly This most extensive of all travellers in Japan says that of near relatives, might be in their chickens; and though the country as a whole is very beautiful, in parts almost they would sell them if they were to be kept for laying Eden-like. There are some swampy and malarious re- eggs, they would not if they were to be kiled and eaten i gions, however, and the climate she does not consider as One of Miss Bird's most trying experiences was,owing healthy as some have done, though in parts it is quite tö the fact that she was the first foreigner who had been salubrious. at many of the ,places she visited, and the curiosity of The people are much smaller in stature than Europeans, the people to see her was so great that while in the towns and plain and somewhat uninteresting in appearance; and vilages she was followed by crowds during the day, they have many strange customs and some very bad and her own or adjoining rooms were thronged in the habits; but they are courteous, gentle and obliging to- evening, when she so greatly needed privacy, quietness wards each other, and to strangers, and in these respects and rest. they are very pleasing people.-Bulletin. THE GOSPEL IN ALL LANDS. 11 "To describe Shintoism acèurately, or to master its JLhligionø. principles, seems to have baffed the most acute and in- dustrious students. Dr. Hepburn, the eminent American The Two ReUgions of Japan. missionary, says, 'I have long endeavored to find out Rev. Frnk S. Dobbins, formerly of Japan, writes that what there is in Shinto, but have given it up.' Implicit "the most ancient, and now least followed, of the J ap- obedience to the Mikado, as the descendant and repre- anese religions, is Snintoism. This is a simple worship sentative of the gods, is its most char-acteristic feature. of the objects and powers of nature. The other religion Its deities are the heroes of the past. It has no idols or is Buddhism, introduced from Corea in 522 A. D. Bud- images. Its symbols are the mirror and the' gohei- dhism originated in India, in the sixth century before 'strips of notched white paper dependigg from a wand

A ShInto Temple III .Japan.

Christ; after passing to Ceylon, Burmah, China, Thibet, of wood.' But it has temples, priests, services, prayers, and Corea, reached Japan. In its theories it is a system purifications, and offerings of fruit, meat, and li,ving of worship without a God, and a religion without hope; birds, but no sacrifices. Nor does. it teach morals. a nothingness, the invention of despair. 'Popularly re- , Morals,' says its chief authority, 'were invented by the ceived, it is an idolatrous system, with a tolerably pure Chinese . because they were an immoral people; but in code of morals. The greatest .idols of Japan are the Japan there was no necessity for any system of morals, two, statues of Dai Butz; the one at Kamakara, sixty-five as every Japanese acted aright if he only consulted his feet high, made of bronze plates; the other at N ara, own heart.' slightly larger, though not so perfect in construction as "But if Shinto is (or rather was) the religion of the the other. Many superstitious practices are encouraged Government, the religion of the people is Buddhism, by both the religions of Japan. Recently a system of which in Japan is no cold atheistic philosophy, but has Reformed Buddhism has been .started in J ap~ Its developed into a popular ritualism, with an elaborate principles and worship resemble those of Protest nts, as array of ceremonial and priest-craft, monks and nuns, those of the older Buddhism resemble those of R man shrines and relics,' images a.nd altars, vestments and Catholics. Akamatz, the leader of this movement, was candles, fastings and indulgences, pilgrimages and her- educated in England." mits. The census of Japan in 1875 returned ,207,669 A wrter in the Church Missionary Gleaner gives priests, monks, nuns, etc., of all grades. The Rev. C. F. a fuller account of the two religions. He says: Warren, Church Mission:uy Society missionary at Osaka, "The ancient religion of the Japanese is called Kami wrote in January, 1879 :-' Buddhism, at least in one of no michi, way of the gads. The Chinese form of the its branches-the Monto or Shin sect-shows remarkable name, Shin-to (= path or way of the gods), is the one signs of vigor. It has recently established a mission in commonly used; whence this religion is called by English China, which is reported to be flourishing; and it has wrters Shintoism. completed a large college at Kioto for the accommoda- 12 THE GOSPEL IN ALL LANDS. tion of 600 students. There is a rumor that some of the if men wish to escape from a miserable state of transmi numerous students educated may eventually be sent to gration, they must cut off the causes, which are the pas- Europe and America for proselytising purposes.' sions, such, for example, as covetousness, anger, etc. "Both Buddhism and Shintoism have lately been dis- " The principal object of Buddhism is to enable meD establied and disendowed by the Government. In to obtain salvation from misery according to the doc- 1877, the 'Department of Religion' was abolished as a trine of 'extinction of paSBion.' The doctrie is the separate offce, and made a branch of the Home Offce. cause of salvation, and salvation is the effect of this , Although,' writes the Rev. J. Piper, 'this gradual with. doctrine. drawal of State aid wil not dry up the torrent of "This salvation we call Nirvana which means eternal heathenism in the country, yet it must necessarily reduce happiness and is the state of Buddha.

Shiiito PrIests ii lapaD waltlDg to Worship the Rising Sun. the stream to such a moderate depth that Christianity "It is, however, very diffcult to cut off all the passions, wil be able more easily to stop its course. May God but Buddhism professes to teach many ways of obtain- hasten such a happy result i ' " , iug this object. "Nagardjuna, the Indian saint, said that in Buddhism The Shinshiu Buddhis of Japan. there are many ways, easy and difcult as in worldly Among the Reformed Buddhists of Japan, the Shinshiu ways, some painful lie a mountainous journey, others , Buddhists are placed in the front rank. The followig pleasant like sailng on the sea. These ways may be account of tùeir belief was prepared by one of their classed in two divisions, one being called' self power' or number and appears in the Ohrysanthemum for Apri, a help through self, and the other called 'the power of monthly magazine for Japan: others' or help through another. " Buddhim teaches that all things, both abstract and " Our sect, called' Shinshiu,' literally, meaning: 'True concrete, are prodúced and destroyed by certain causes doctrie,' which was founded by Shinran Shonin, teaehes and combinations of oircumstances: and that the state of the doctrine of 'help from another.' our present life has its cause in what we have done in our " Now what is the 'power of another?' It is the peviou8 exisence up -to the present; and our present great power of Amita Buddha. Amita means 'bound- actions will become the causes of our state of existence less,' and we believe that the life and light of Buddha in the future life. are both perfect, also that other Buddhas obtained their " As our doings are good or bad and of diferent degrees state of Buddhaship,by the help of Amita Buddha. There- of excellence or evil, so these produce diferent effects fore Amita Buddha is called the chief of the Bud- having many degrees of suffering or happiness, all men dhas. -and other sentient beings have an interminable existence, " Amita Buddha always exercises his boundless mercy dying in one form and being reborn in another; so that upon all creatures and shows a great desire to help and THE GOSPEL IN ALL 'LANDS. 13 influence all people' who rely on him' to complete all The characteristic difference between Romanists and merits and be reborn into Paradise (Nirvana.) Protestants comes to light in Japan as elsewhere. "Our sect pays no attention to the other Buddhas and Three hundred years ago the Roman Catholic Church putting faith only in the great desire of Amita Buddha, had unrestricted sway in the Empire, but it nliither gave expect to escape from the miserable world and to enter nor attempted to give the Bible to its adherents; while into Paradise in the next life. From the time of putting Protestant missionaries, long before they gained access faith in the saving desire of Buddha we do not need any to the islands, made repeated efforts to prepare the Scrip- power of self help, but need only keep his mercy in heart tures in the language of the Japanese. and invoke his name in order to remember him. These The first of these attempts was made by the Rev. doings we call: 'thanksgiving for salvation.' Charles Gutzlaff, who acquired some &Itowledge of the "In our sect we make no difference between priest and language at Macao from a shipwrecked Japanese sailor layman, as concerns their way of obtaining salvation, the about the year 1836, and then translated the Gospel of only diference being in their profession or business; and John, which was printed at Singapore in 1838. -consequently the priest is allowed to marr and to eat About the same time, Dr. S. Wells Williams, now flesh and fish which ,is prohibited to the members of other President of the American Bible Society, but then a J?uddhist sects. missionary in China;studied the Japanese language in "Again, our sect forbids all prayers or supplications the same way, with the help of a shipwrecked sailor, and for happiness in the present life, to any of the Buddhas, t~anslated the book of Genesis and one of the Gospels. even to Amita Buddha, because the events of the preseut Hi manuscript was sent to Japan but was never printed. life cannot be altered by the power of others; and teaches About ten years later, the Rev. B. J.Bettelheim was the followers of the sect to do their moral duty; loving sent as a missionary to the Loochoo Islands, where he be- -each other, keeping order and the laws of the Govern- came familiar, with the Loochoo dialect, and made a trans- ment. lation of the New Testament into it. He printed one of " We have many wrtings stating the principals incul- the Gospels in Hong Kong, and subsequently his version -cated by our sect, but I give only the translation of the of the four Gospels and the Acts, havig been revised following cree'd which was Written by Rennyo Shonin with the assistance of a Japanese, was sold to the British who was the chief priest of the 8th generation from the and Foreign Bible Society, and printed by them at Vienna founder. in 1872. As a versimi, however, it proved to be worth- CR'lED. less. "Rejecting all religious austerities and other action, As soon as Protestant missionaries became resident in giving up all idea of self power, rely npon Amita Buddha Japan, one and other of them began to work in the same with the whole heart, for we our (sic) salvation in the direction, undai;nted by numerous obstanles. Such, how- future life, which is the most important thing: believing ever, waa the prejudice against Christianity that Dr. that at the moment of putting our faith in Amta Buddha, Hepburn's teacher, after proceeding a little way in the .our salvation is settled. From that moment, invocation Gospel of Matthew, positively declined to give him any -of his name is observed to, express gratitude and thank- furter help. This was in 1861. Nothing was prited fuless for Buddha's mercy. Moreover, being thankful for the next ten years, though various American mision- for the reception of this doctrine from the founder and aries were engaged separately or together, in tr~nsla- -succeeding chief priests whose teachings were so benevo- lent, and as welcome as light in a dark night: we must tion. . The first to publish any of the books of the Bible in also keep the laws which are fixed for our duty during the country was the Rev. J. Goble, who printed Matthew -our whole life." from wooden blocks in 1871. He tried to get the blocks engraved at Yokohama, but everybody was afraid to un- dertake it, and the cutting was done in Tokio by a man ltrote.øtant murk in ~iipan. who did not know the nature of the bo'ok he was work- Translation and Circulation ofthe Scriptures in Japan. ing on. On the 19th of April, 1880, a public service was held Dr. Hepburn's translation of the Gospels, whioh had in the largest Protestant church.in Tokio to celeb5.te the been made before 1870, was revised by Dr.S. R. Brown, .consummation of a work which had been long 10 ked for and began to be published in 1872. -the publication of the complete New. Testam nt in THE' YOKOHAMA COMMITTEE. .J apanese. Fourteen diferent missionary societies were In September of that year, at a union convention of represented, and the interesting services continued for missionaries in Yokohama, a joint committee was ap- nearly three hours. On that occasion a historical address pointed to translate the Scriptures into the Japanese lan- was given by Dr. James C. Hepburn, the veteran Pres- guage. This committe consisted of James C. Hepburn, òyterian missionary, whose long residence in J span had M.D., of the Presbyterian Board, Rev. Samuel R. Brown, given him ful opportunity of knowing the steps by which D.D., of the Reformed Church, and Rev, D. Crosby ilO gratifying a result was attained. Many of the faots Greene of the American Board. These gentlemen had here stated are given on his authority and to a large ex- the co-operation of the Rev. R. S. Maclay, of the Metho- -tent in his words. dist Episcopal Church, and, for a time, of Rev. Nathan 14 THE GOSPEL IN ALL LANDS. Brown. D.D., of the American Baptist Missionary Union, foreign missionaries and received their formal endorse- although after about eighteen months he resigned and ment as the standard version of the New Testament. continued to prosecute the work of translation alone. It has indeed, no competitor except the Baptist version Two English missionaries, the Rev. John Piper, of the of Dr. Nathan Brown. Some criticisms in the, Ohrysan- Church Missionary Society, and th~ Rev. W. B. Wright, themum by English missionaries, Messrs. Piper and Wad- of the' Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, were dell, indicate that the translation is not, in their judg- invited to participate in the work, but owing to théir resi- ment, as good as it might have been made, and foreshadow dence at an inconvenient distance they were unable tö meet possibilities of dierences about the "terms" for the the committee. The work thus inaugurated by the Y oko- name of Deity, such as have had a very unhappy influ- hama Convention was comequently performed by Amer- ence in China. ican missionaries, and so far as the translation and re- On the other hand the Report of the Presbyterian vision were concerned was finishèd November 3rd, 1879, Board for i 880, giving the sentiments of its Japan mis- though the last portioLs were not printed until April of sion, says: " Great satisfaction is expressed at the com- the following year. plete translation of the New Testament into Japanese. THE BIBLE SOCIETY'S INTEREST IN IT. It is regarded as one of the best translations ever made. In 1875, the American Bible Society, which had previ- This is partly owing to the superior scholarship, and other ously contributed liberally in aid of the work, undertoo~ good qualifcations ûf the native gentlemen engaged in also to share with the Missionary Boards a considerable the work, stil more to the . excellent labors of the repre- part of the expeiìse of making the version, with the cus- 'sentatives of moral mis,sion boards, and most of all to the, tomary understanding that the separate portions as com. able, patient and faithful services of the senior member pleted would be committed to it for publication. In pur- of our mission." , suance of this arrangement, Dr. Luther H. Gulick was CIRCULATI,ON OF THE SCRIPTURES. that year appointed agent for the Society, and was sent The report of the American Bible Society for 1881 out to Japan to superintend the manufacture and distri- gives a most encouraging view of the demand for the bution of the Scriptures, and to relieve the translators and Scriptures already awakened among the natives of Japan. mi8sionaries of that department of work. With the ex- The Society already has the New Testament in six di- ception of a Reference New Testament, now about to be ferent styles for different classes of people, and announces. issued, all the editions published since his arrival in J an- besides that a Gospel in raised letter for the blind is. uary, 1876, have been carried through the press in accord- shortly to be printed in this country. Some of these ance with this plan, and as a matter of comity, the repre- books are printed from blocks, in the ancient Japanese sentatives of the Britieh and Foreign Bible Society, and style, others from stereotype plates. One edition of the of the National Bible Society of Scotland, have been New Testament is in Roman letter; in another the Chine~e furnished at cost with such portions, of his editions as characters abound, with a few dia-critical points' beside they chose to order. them; in another the Japanese kana predominates, and A BAPTIST VERSION. so on in one way and another the attempt has been made

Mention has already been made of the fact that Dr. to attract and interest readers. Nathan Brown resigned his membership on the Com- Dr. L. H. Gulick, the agent of the American Bible- mittee, preferrg to work independently as a translator. Society, reports that in 1880 he printed 11,206,486 pages. His zeal and enterprise was shown in a complete transla- of Scripture, or about seven times as many as in 1879_ of the New Testament, which was published some months This made 75,066 volumes, and did not include 7,646 fur- before that of the Yokohama Committee. nished to the British and Foreign Bible Society, and THE OLD TESTAMENT. 30,298 furnished to the National Bible Society of Scot- In May; 1878, a convention of Protestant missionaries land. The manufacture of the plates and books has been- was held in Tokio, to confer especially with reference to undertaken by a Japanese publihing house, the &ishi-- the translation of the Old Testament. Measures were bun Sha, and a considerable circulation has been secured adopted for allotting the diferent portions of the Old by means of native booksellers. A system of colportage- Testament to a considerable number of translators con- by natives has also been organized, twenty-five men hav-. nected with various miBSions. Three of the Mior ing been employed in this way in 1880. Prophets have been published. The Book of Joshua is Some extracts from Dr. Gulck's report wi ilustrate understood to be in pres. The Psalms and some other the avidity with which the people receive the Gospel: portions may be ready this year. The absence of Dr. "The Rev. J. Goble, independent Baptist missionaryr Hepburn is greatly to. be regretted, as also that of Dr. intiated work for us to the north and east of Tokio ÍT ,Greene and Dr. Maclay, but Dr. Verbeck of theReformed the fall of 1879, and it has grown largely in his hands- Church of America wil render invaluable aid. durng the present year. He has constructed at our ex- EXCELLENCE OF THE VERSION. pense a unique two-wheeled Bible carriage, drwn by a It is grtifyig to notice that the translation, made horse-the first institution of the kind in all Eastern Asia;, under such circumstances by men who were conceded to and, before the heats of summer, in two long joureys of be remarkably well qualfied to undertake it, met at oncE' hundres of mies, he revisited the regions where he had with the most generous approval of the grat body of established relations with booksellers in 1879. Down to- THE GOSPEL IN ALL. LANDS.' 15

.. ~

Š "'

. ~'..! -16 THE GOSPEL IN ALL LANDS. July his sales amounted to about 5,000 Portions. A Bible Work in Japan. magic lantern with Scripture scenes a¡¡siste him much in By REv. JONATHA GOBLl. making himself and 'his errand known in the variou8 For the past few days I have takeú to preaching more towns and vilages, and greatly promoted sales. strongly than'I have ever done before upon the folly "During the summer a hand-cart was made, under Mr. and sin of idol worship, and I find that this, more than Goble's directions, for our use in Tokio. Work was any other kind of preaching, takes hold of the people commenced with it on the 21st of September, with re- and brings out the most hearty responses. sults that astonished us all, as told in the Bible Society I do not, when preaching to heathen audiences, dwell Record for November. This vehicle was under the so much upon the higher spiritual benefits which Chris- special care of Mr. A. Ridderbjelke til the close of the tianity brings, as I do upon its material and physical year, and the sales from it to the 31st of December aid to human progress and civilization, for I find the amounted to 10,203, Portions, besides 121 Testaments. latter they can understand and appreciate, while the " We have had a second hand-cart made like the first former is almost entirely aòove their comprehension ~)le, for use in the commercial metropolis of Osaka, where until after they have had a regular course of instruc- work was commenced with it by Mr. Goble on the 16th tion. -of December. It soon passed into the care of a native When I ask them wbat disciple of Buddha or Confu- Christian, and I learn that he is doing well-having sold cius or worshiper of Shinto gods ever invented a rail- 1,500 Portions by the 31st of December. way or telegraph or steamboat orotber similar modem " Many very interesting incidents are reported by Mr. improvement and tell them that the Christian religion is Ridderbjelke: One day an old woman came, havig an the only faith that enlightens men's minds and makes old Greek Church prayer-book and wishing to buy an- them capable of such advancemen.t in civilization, refer- other like it. When we told her we had only the word ing for proof to the comparative superiority of Christian God, but that it was better than all the prayer-books in nations in every moral and material element of progress, the world, she wished to buy it, but having only a few adding that as the people of this country are the de- cents, she went home and returned with all the money scendants of the same first parent witb the people of the she had-twenty-four cents-with which she purchased foremost Christian nations, and that accepting the light the Gospels and went away quite happy. A Buddhist and regenerating influences of Christianity, there is no priest, having bought a Testament on a former occasion, reason why they may not rise to a civilization equal to returned and informed the people that the books were that of the foremost of western nations. When I talk very good, and almost encouraged others to buy. An to them after this manner, they often clap their hands old man had been standing, listening for two or three and cheer enthusiastically. hours, and when asked if he would buy a Portion, an- In evening lectures in theaters and in temples, with swered tbat he had done so before, and that he was truy scioptican views ilustrating the life and teachings of our ih:inkful. An old woman had been standing a long Saviour, as well as in large crowd8 when sellng from time, nodding to what had been said, as if she felt within our cart, I find very little 8ign of any strong prejudice herself, 'it is true, it is true,' and at last she said, 'This or opposition to our work, and the most intellgent men is a blessing, indeed.' who come and listen for a few minutes to the plain state- " On the 15th of November Mr. Goble left Tokio in the ment of the hopelessness of heathen religions and the Bible-carriage for Kioto and Osaka, taking the central bright promies of Christianity '\ery generally walk up route, called the Nakasendo, a dÛ!tance of. 300 miles. His and buy a Gospel or Acts, and sometimes an entire New .carriage needed repairs before starting, and one man did Testament. I show thèm by the cheapness of the books the work cheaply and expeditiously, though not a Chris- and by the large expense8 we incur in making such tian, because he liked the Scriptures which were to be sold. books and in traveling about to sell them, that it is and

Another large manufacturer made a present of two new must be a purely benevolent work, and that men who go wheels and would take no pay, in consideration of his in- about to deceive peopl~ do not do it upon so benevolent dQbtedness to Mr. Goble for good counsels many years a plan, and that we do not seek their gold or silver, but -ago, when he was with him as a servant. Winter some- rather desire their conversion to the true faith, then what impeded progress on the road, but, overcoming all they seem ready to accept this statement of our object ,obstacles, the Bible-carriage was the first vehicle drawn 'and approve our motives. by a horse to make the entire trip without a deflection. There is nothing so free in Japan as the propagation -On the 7th of December Mr. Goble reached Lake Biwa, of the Chrtian faith and the sale of Christian Scrip- having sold over 1,50Ü Portions on the way. On the 4th tures. All other books, even school.books published by 'of January (to trench a little on the report for 1881), he the Department of Education, must pay a tax and secure entered the sacred capital of Kiyoto with the carrage, a license before being put upon sale, and Buddhist and and without an interruption sold, single-handed, in the Shito books are scarcely found in the book stores at all street 500 Portions-an unprecedented number for one because the sales are so small that it. does not pay to man's day's work in Japan, and all the more gratifyig take out a license for them. because in Kiyoto, where it was queried whether any But the Christian Scriptures are sold freely every- would care or dare to buy." , where, and the government will not accept a license fee lHE GOSPEL IN ALL LANDS. 17 even when offered by native dealers for Christian books, Azabu and Shiba Circuit, Morohoshi IDichi; Joso, Aibar Yeiken; as was proved the other day in ü'Saka by an old man Shiyoda Zenichio, Miyajima. who repeatedly tendered the fee usually paid on other NAGASAKI DisTRICT.-J. C. Davin, Misionary in Chrge; books. And the other day, in the city of Kuana, when Nagaki, J. C. Davin, C. S. Long; Kaoshima, Asuga Ken- jiro. I went to the police offce to ask for a guard to keep HAODATI DI8TRICT.-W. C. Davisn. Misionary in Charge; ()rder at our evening lectures, I forg0t to say that the . Hakodati, Onuki Bunshichi; Sappora, to be 8upplied; Matsmaye, subject of my lectures was the Christian religion, a.nd Hiraiiama Sakai; Amomori, Hondo Itske; Hiosa, Hondo when the o:jcer on duty reported the matter to the chief Yoitsu; Kuroishi, Kosaka Keinosake. . ()f police in his offce up-stairs, he sent back word that a METHODIST MISSION BEMARY.-Milton B. Vail, President, etc.; G. F. Draper, Jennie B. Vail. i. H. Corrll, R. S. Maclay, foreigner could not be allowed to lecture unless some Instructors. native would be responsible for what might be said. I BUJUIARY OF STATISTICS. insisted that I had been holding similar lectures all over Misionares...... 10 the country for near two years past and that I had en- Assisnt Missionaries...... 9 joyed freedom to do so everywhere, and in the course Native Helpers of all kinds...... 51 ()f my remarks I said that I was sellng Christian Scrip- Total Agents of Society...... " ...... 70 tures. The chief' of police, upon hearing this, came W. F. M. S. Lady Misionaries...... 4 down the stairs in a great hurry, and grasping my hand Native Assistants...... 7 Boarding Scholar...... 45 in the most cordial manner, said: "If you lecture upon Day Pupil...... 80 the Christian faith, you are entirely at liberty to do so as Members in full connection...... 478 much and as often as you please, and I wil send offcers Probationers...... 160 to protect you from noise or disturbance." Baptiz Children...... _ 63 So you see Bible colporteurs and Christian preachers Total Member, Probationers, and Baptize Children... 701 are more free and have more of the favor of the govern- Collection for Missionary Soiety...... $100.00 Self-support...... 136.47 ment than any other class of people in the country. the Poor ("BeIievólent"). .. . " ...... 38.83 And may we not hope that the darkness and superstition Church Building...... '" '" .. . 88.00 that obstruct the free access of Gospel truth to men's Total Collections...... :.. $263.30 minds and prevents t4eir full and prompt adoption of Number of Day-schools... '" ...... , .. .. " ...... 13 the religion which they mentally admit to be superior Day.scholars...... 407 Sunday schools...... 15 to any other they know of, ¡ind also to be best fitted to Sunday-scholar, ...... 42 secure true advancements i~ civilization, may be soon Volumes printed during the yea...... '" . . 2,500 dispelled fròm their mental sky, and the fullness of Pages printed ¡luring the year...... 117,40 divine light and truth shine in upon them, so that this Paronages...... " .....'...... : .... . ,7 most'interesting of Asiatic nations may be born in a Estimated value...... '...... '" $23,000 Church edífces...... ,...... , 6 day, and may So be fitted to lead the other great peo- Estiated value...... $6,250 ples of the East more quickly to the foot of the cross. School Buildigs...... 8 .1 hope that this will be a subject of earnest prayer Estimted value...... ~ ...... " $1,500 with, Christians everywhere. Tota value of Mission Propert...... $30,750 OKAZAKI, JAPAN, April 1st, 1881. Number of Pi:eaching Places...... 83 Adults Baptized during the year...... 74 Chidren Baptized during the year...... , ...... 1õ The Methodist Episcopal Church in JapaD. The Superintendent says: MiSSIONARffS.-R. S. Maclay, Superintendent; John C. Davi- The work of the Japan Mission during the past year son, Julius Soper, M. C. Harrs, I. H. Correll, W. C. Davisson, Chales Bishop, M. S. Vai, C. S. Long, G. F. Draper. has been marked chièfly by disaster and growth. De- ABsTANT MISSIONARffS.-MrS. Lizzie S. Davison, Mrs. Fran cember 7, 1879, our church edifice in Hakodati was de- D. Soper, Mrs. Flora B. Harris, Mrs. Jennie L. Correll, Mrs. W. stroyed ' by a terrible conflagation, which reduced to C. Davisson, Mrs. O. W. Bishop, Mrs. Flora i. Long, Mrs. M. E. ashes nearly the entire city. December 26, 1880, the Draper, Miss Jennie S. VaiL. entire property of our mission in Tokio, comprising MISSIONARffS W. F. M. S.-Miss M. A. Spencer, Miss M. J. Holbrook, Miss E. Russell, Miss J enn.ie Gheer. ~ church and parsonage, together with the property of our Woman's Foreign Missionary Society, in the same city, APPOINTMENTS FOR 1881. YOKOHAA, FIST DISTRICT.-I. H. Correll, Mission in was burned to the ground. These crushing blows have Charge; Tenan, to be supplied; Hachoji, Abe Sozo; Matsuahio, seriously interrupted our operations in the above-named Suzuki Noburo; Matsumoto, Matsumoto Sogo; Atsume, Miyaha. cities; and yet, thanks to the unstinted generosity of ra Kusaburi; Iida, Kawamura Keichiro, Takayama, Ikeda sympathizing friends, to the energy and executive ability YOKOHAA, SECOND DisTRICT.-R. S. Maclay, Misionar in of the parties directly affected by these calamities, to the Charge; Onoyecho, Ohara Yeikichi; Nagoya, Kurimura Sayeha- prompt and hearty co-operation of our missionary au- chi; Nishiwo, Ohara Setsuro. TOKIO, FmST DJŠTRICT.-M. C. Harris, Misionary in Charge; thorities, and, above all, to the overruling Providence of Tsukija and Gina Circuit, Kikuchi Takuhei, Hama Koyotaro; God, we have not only held our ground, but have, as a Yamaata, Takahahi Untai. mission, made encouraging progress during the year. TOKIO, SECOND DISTRICT.-Julius Soper, Missiona in Charge; Brother W. C. Davisson, in Hakodati, has already re- 18 THE GOSPEL IN ALL LANDS. built his church and school-building, in the convenient our last Annual Report, to welcome to our mission the auditorium of which he has already commenced public Rev. C. S. Long and wife, the Rev. G. F. Draper and wie, religious services, and in the educational portion of which and MÙls Jenne S. Vail; all of whom have entered on theIi he has re-opened his 8chool, with an attendance of twenty- duties in excellent health, and with most cheering pros- six scholars. In Tokio, Brother Soper has just dedicated pects. The mission of the Woman's Foreign Missionary his new church, occupying the site of the former one; Society has been re-enforced by the opportune arrval of Brothers Harrs and Bishop have each built a comfort- I Miss Russell and Miss Gheer, who have commenced

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able parsonage, and the Woman's Foreign Missionary work in Nagasaki. During the year Miss Schoonmaker, Society has in process of erection a spacious and substan- whose term of service had expired, and Miss Priest, tial building for its home. Brother Soper has also com- whose health had broken down, returned to the United pleted his arrangement for removing, with his family, to States. Miss Schoonmaker was the pioneer missionary , a position in Tokio, outside of the Foreign Concession, in Japan of our Woman's Foreign Misionary Society, where he expects to have a most important and encour- and durig thc five years of her residence in Japan, she aging field for missionary effort in the large agricultural labored in Tokio with a zeal and devotion worthy of all school conducted by Mr. S. Tsuda, a promient Japanese praise, and a success that evoked general admiration. gentleman, who is a member of the Church under Brother Miss Priest's health failed durig her second year in J a- Soper's care. pan, but during her brief term of servce she not only It has been our delightful privilege, since the date of won the highest esteem of all who knew her in Japan, THE GOSPEL IN ALL LANDS. 19 but succeeded in gaining the confidence of the J apane~e heavy-laden though they be, and find rest unto their in Hakodati, where she labored to such an extent that souls?" she has laid there the foundation of a work which, with At Osaka the missionary physician, Dr. Laning, has proper care, is certain to yield a precious return to the treated 3,435 patients, and has been of great assistance Society for its outlay. to the native medical faculty. several of whom have . . been brought into the church through his influence. The Japan Mission of the American Protestat Episcopal Church. The Cumberland Presbyterian ChurcIi in Japan. H"isry Stff. - Bishop, 1; Rev. Theodore S. Tyng, Osa- The Cumberland Presbyterian Church are represented Prèsbytèls (foreign), 5; Dea- ka. in Japan by Rev. J. B. Hail and Rev A. D. Hail and cons (foreign), 2; Candidates Rev. John McKim, Osaka. their wives. They have three preaching places in Osaka for Holy Orders, 3; Mission Rev. Ed. R. Woodman, Tokiò. and one in the country. TÍie third annual report was ar Physician (foreign),1; For- Henry Laning. M. D., Missionary eign Teachers (male, 1; fe- Physician, Osaka. made from the mission on March 15. This report says male, 8), 9; Catechists, Teach- Mr. James McD. Gardiner, To- that during the past year the avtrage attendence upon ars. and Bible-readeni (native), kio. the prayer meetings, held every Tuesday and Thursday 14. ' Mrs. Cooper, Tokio. evenings, has been larger than heretofore. Rt. Rev. C. M. Wiliams, D.D., Mrs. Blanchet, Tokio. Every morning at the hour of family worship, which is Missionary Bishop, Tokio. Mrs. Tyng, Osaka. Rev. A. R. Morrs, Osaka. Mrs. Quinby, Tokio. arranged with that end in view, there is generally a half Rev. J. Hamilton Quinby, To- Mrs. McKim, Osaka. hour devoted to exegesis, which is shared in by several kio. (At home.) Mrs. Woodman, Tokio. of the Japanese. Every evening in the week, also, has Rev. Wiliam B. Cooper, Tokio. Miss Belle T. Michie, Osaa. been devoted to teaching- a few young men in- English Rev. Clement T. Blanchet, To- Miss Margaret L. ~Iead, Osaka. and science, for the sake of gaining an influence over them kio. Miss Florence R. Pitman, Tokio. and reaching them with the Gospel of Christ. One of Rev. Mr. Cooper and Rev. Mr. Woodman are not supported by these young men, thus taught, continues to open his the Board. STATISTICs.-There are two stations, one at Osaka and one at house every Sabbath morning for Bible study., This has Tokio; 4 preachig-places, 63 native communcants, 14 foreign been continued throughout the year. In the aftèrnoon communcants, 4 day aIld boarding-schools with 96 scholar, 3 at 3 o'clock Sabbath school is held in another part of the Sunday-schools with 90 scholars, 1 theological school in connec- city, and preaching ¡it 4p. M., at the same place. In the tion with the S. P. G. Society. " evening, services are held in stil another part of the city. The last Annual report says that it is a matter of much A Japanese pays one-half the expenses of this last place grati£icatio~ that the committee have been enabled dur- of preaching. During the year, also, services have bHen ing the past year, through specific provision made by ma.intained oiice a month Ín a mountain vilage, aboút individuals; to send five additional missionary workers twelve miles distant. This part of the work has been to Japan; but this does not meet even the present need. kept up by native helpers. The owners of one of the After eight years's service, it has become necessary for hotels of the vilage opens his hollse freely for this pur- the Rev. Mr. Quinby, whose health has been impaired, pose. Our native Christians 'have also succeeded in to return to this country for a season of rest. obtaining leave to preach in the vilage of the Yetas. The work is also hindered in Japan for want of more ) The attendance upo'u all of the services has been larger buildings. Not less than fifteen thousand _dollars .ought than last year, and the audiences have fluctuated less in to be appropriated for this purpose. regular attendance than formerly, so that those now at- The Rev. Mr. Blanchet has spent a lárge pprtion of tending probably came from other motives than- mere his time in the preparation, in Japanese, of lectures in curiosity. ecclesiastical history and Oriental and Greek philosophy. On Sunday, September 26, 1.880, two young men were These he has delivered in the Divinity School) at an av- baptized, and we fiat down with them and other native erage of four a week. He speaks encouragingly of this Christia~s to our first communion in the city. Since that particular part of the work, and says that it is hoped a time --ommunion services have been held regularly the new class of divinity studen's wil be formed this au- first Sabbath in every other month. There has alio been tumn. Writing more generally, he continues: ~ one additional profession of faith and baptism, making "It is gratifying to note that the little leaven work- in all, three who have beeú baptized during the year. ing powerfully though silently, and that the preJ ices These Christians have already begun to contribute to against Christianity are fast disappearing. The feelings home missions and the several expenses of the wO,rk. of hatred and opposition are gradually merging into that of indierence, and this again into that of a better The American Baptists in Japan. appreciation. May we not reasonably hope that these The American Baptist Missionary Union assembied in feelings of deference and admiration will ripen into Indianapolis, Ind., on May 21st. A committee appointed something better'stil, and that many who are now halt- on the mission work of the Union in Japan reported: ing bet~een two opinions wil soon not only iwknowl- "In Japan, the country just waiting the new life, espec- edge their unworthiness, but also, realizing their need ial interest attaches to the northern field, embracing a- of Him who came to save sinners, go to Him, weary and bout five milions. The climate is congenial, the people 20 THE GOSPEL IN ALL LANDS. are enterprising, a railroad has already been projected to and attending church. . . . There are now six Bible- Morioka, a central point in the district. They are court- women with me, working faithfully, studying, and going eous, accessible, and eager for instruction. But among about teaching. One of them spends most of her time the five milions not a single missionary is planted. They at Chogo.' have especially besought the Baptists to send them one; "Of the work in Chogo, Mr. Poate says: '1 went out and their cry onght not to be in vain." there last week at the request of Miss Sands. Her la- The headquarters of the mission work of the Union in bors there have been much bIassed of God, iul_d last Sun- Japan are at Yokohama and Tokio. The Annual Report day I had the privilege of baptizing three converts. issued last month gives the following account: Probably a hundred people witnessed the ceremony, and YOKOHAMA. it has caused a profound sensation. Several have since "Rev. N. Brown, D.D., and wife, Rev. A. A. Bennett and wife, applied for instruction;. and Okakusan, Miss Sand's Rev. T. P. Poate and wife, Miss C. A. Sands. Bible-woman, has her time fully occupied. Last month "Dr. Brown says: two came into Yokohama, and one was baptized in the " 'The church is now in a good state, with encouraging spring; so that we have now six believers in this vilage. prospects, and several candidates desiring baptism. The Three others have applied for baptism, and (D. V.) a exclusions this year have been more than usuaL. They church wil be formed in a few weeks.' were of members who have long been delinquent in re- "Churches have been formed at Morioka, Hanamaki, ligious duties, and had virtually ceased to walk with the and SendaI. Seven native colporteurs are a.t work in church. this region; there is actual work being done in the three " 'My own work has been chiefly on the Old Testa- provinces of I wati, M~jagi, and Fukushima, along a line ment. This quarter I am going on with the printing of of two hundred and fifty miles, among a population of the revised Gospels, getting out a small edition, such as about two milion souls. Something has also been done we ought to have.' in Akita, a large pr¿vInce to the west of Iwati, and the "Mr. Bennett's letters always express delight in the man in charge of the Hanamaki church is to return ,work, and gratitude for a share in it, and for the good there. health with which he and his wife have been favored. "Mr. Poate says: 'Were it ,not for the ge!1erous aid On the anniversary of his arrival in Yokohama he says: afforded me by the National Bible Society of Scotland, " 'We have both of us made some progress in the lan- I could not carryon the work on the present scale. The gua?e, and both have entered somewhat into our work. greater part of the work is the result of colportage; it is Each Sunday afternoon Mrs. Bennett detains the congre- an aggressive work, and has to be carried on mainly in gation a little, and practises with them the hymns in the that way.' native hymn-book. In addition to my Tuesday-evening . Bible-class, which is very interesting, I have begun to "STATISTICS OF THE YOKOHAMA CHUBcH.-Organized church. es, 1; out-stations, 1. liembers,-males, 27; females, 22; total, have our native preachers in Yokohama meet me from 49. Baptized,-males, 10; females, 7; total, 17. Added by ex- two until five on Wednesday afternoons for the study of perience, 1; dismissed, 8; excluded, 4; contrbutions for church homiletics and evidenc~s of Christianity. Yesterday purpses, yen 41-64. Native preachers ordained, 1; unordained, (Sunday) I gave my first talk in Japanese to the church. 2; preaching-places, 6; Bible-women, õ¡ boys' and girls' schools, It did not deserve the name of a sermon. I, of course, 3; pupils, 20; school-teachers, 8; Sabbath-schools, 1; Sunday- made some mistakes; but I was assured by my teachers school scholars, 70. ' "In th North.-Dhurches, 3; viz" Morioka, with 5 male and 6 this morning that 'ev~n the Women understood me welL.' female members; total, 11. Hanamaki, 5 male and 1 female; to- I shall probably speak thus on Sunday afternoons until ta, 6, Send ai, 8 male and 1 female; total, 9. Male members, 18; I am better able to preach a regular sermon. My morn- female, 8; total, 26. ing teacher, one of the deacons in the native church, fre- TOKIO. quently asks me in daily Scripture reading the meaning "Rev. H. H. Rhees and wife, Miss A. H. Kidder, Miss E. J. of one or more passages. He does not speak English, so Munson. I explain and illustrate to the best of my ability in "Mr. Rhees says: Japanese. ' " 'During the year closing Dec. 31, 1880, six persons "Miss Sands writes: 'We have now nearly two hun- have been baptized into the fellowship of the church, dred children under instruction; there are over sixty in the two of them from the girls' schooL. None have died,' girls' school, and one hundred and five in another school and none have been dismissed or excluded. Three have for boys and girls. Two other schools are held at preach- been, and stil are, under discipline; but the reluctance ing-places, but are small as yet. Mrs. Po ate has daily of the church to exclude, and their wilingness to labor Bible-classes in two of the day-schools, and has charge with and for the wandering, exceeds anything I ever saw of the Sunday-school ohildren. We go together Sunday or heard of. I am compelled almost to insist that mem- afternoons to the preaching-places; and, while she in- bers shall be cut off, in order to secure wholesome disci- structs the children, I go with the Bible-women from pline. During the year we have built an outside chapel, house to house. The Bible-women are much cheered. costing about one hundred and thirty dollars, wih funds Several persons taught by them during the last year have wholly raised on the field, on a lot given by one of the expressed belief in the true God, and are pra:tDg to him, brethren. .We have purchased a lot in Tsukiji, and built THE GOSPEL ll\ ALL LANDS. 21 thereon a mission home. We have not yet been able to District, Tokio. In 1875, Miss C. A. Sands and Miss A. obtain a lot on which to erect the Headquarters ChapeL. H. Kidder joined the Mission; and, in 18ï6, the writer " 'We now have preaching in four different localities, was appointed for this field. The year 1877-78 was a Sunday-school in two different places, and. hope before discouraging one; two of the band were forced to return long to open another Sunday-schooL. The place in Hon- to America, on account of ill health; and one, Brother jo, which I had rented, was sold in the summer, and I had Arthur, died soon after his return. In December, 1879, to look for another. I think the new place is, perhaps, Rev. H. H. Rhees was sent to the station at Tokio. In more favorably situated than the other, and wil be a 1879-80, Rev. A. A. Bennett and Rev. T. P. Poate, (the good place in which to open a Sunday-schooL. By rent- latter formerly in the employ of the Japanese Govern- ing it, and fixing it up, and then putting a family into ment,) joined the station at Yokohama, and 1Iiss Eva J. it, I can get entire control of it, to hold meetings when Munson the station at Tokio. During last year, Mr. I wilL. The other I had only for one meeting during Poate organized a church. in ~lorioka, four hundred the week. After moving into the new house on Lot 30, miles north of Tokio. The Missionary Union has now Tsiikiji, I found that I wail too much away from the four married missionaries and three single ladies in To- people to make it possible to get a meeting in my own kio and Yokohama, and three churches, with a member- house. I must go where the Japanese are, and they are ship of about one hundred. The English Baptists have not in the foreign sett~ement. So I rented and fitted up one missionary, Mr. W. J. 'Vhite, in Tokio; and Mr. a house in Kobiki-oho, and put a family into it. Since Jonathan ,Goble is at present working for the American opening that place, one person has asked for baptism. . Bible Society, in doing colporteur work; and is alBO pre- I hope before long to begin preaching Sunday night, as paring to print the Bible, in raised letters, for the blind, well as Tuesday night, in this place. If we had force and carrying _ on a school called the 'Newton Mission enough, this would be a good place for a Sunday-schooL' Vernacular SchooL' " "We quote from Miss Kidder's report to the 1Voman's Society: 'I have been able to go out to d~ work much TJie Church Missionary Society in J aiian. more this year than before, on account of Miss Munson's The English Church Missionary Society sent out Rev. help in the schooL. Besides the services here and at the George Ensor, as its first missionary to Japan, in 1868. chapel,,I have been able, except during the heat of sum- He arrived at Nagasaki on the 23d of January, 1869, mer, to hold three ~xtra meetings every week. We have and labored under many discouragements, as one of the at present only one Bible~woman; but another, whom, I first things to attract his attention when he landed was trust, the Lord has called, will go out to work among the notice posted in a conspicuous place,-"The laws the women this year. She has been with 0 Hama San hitherto in force forbidding Christianity are to be strict- for some time to the daily Bible-lessons which are now ly observed." The Church Missionary Gleaner gives in' St. John's GospeL. They write these lessOlls as I the following account of the after history of the mission: teach, and then give them to the sisters of the church on "Mr. Ensor was joined in 1871 by the Rev. H. Burn- Wednesday or Sunday Morning.' side; but both these brethren have been obliged, by the "STATISTICS.-1 church; baptized, 6; native preachers. 3; mem- failure of their health, to retire from the field. It was bers, 38; contributions, $77.38; fees for board and tuition, $127.44. in 1873, when toleration seemed likely to be established, 1 school; 2:: pupilB." that the Society's enlarged plans for missionary opera- .. .. tions in Japan were formed; and in the next two years Baptist Missions in J apiin.- six new men were designated for the work. The Rev. Rev. Frank S. Dobbins gives the following sumniary C. F. Warren, formerly of Hong Kong, arrived at Osaka of the history of Baptist Missions in Japan:' on the last day of 1873; the Rev. J. Piper, also formerly "In February, 1873, Dr. Nathan Brown and Rev. Jon- of Hong Kong, took up his residence at Tokio, as Sec- athan Goble arriv~d in Japan, under appointment 'of the retaryof the Mission, in February, 1874; the Rev. W. Missionary Union. Dr. Brown had rendered great ser- Dening, transferred from Madagascar, proceeded to vice during his long stay in Assam, and had gained Hakodate in May of that year; the Rev. P. K. Fyi;on much experience in the translation of the New Testa- and the Rev. H. Evington, (both University men who ment into the Assamese. In his sixty-fourth year he be- offered specially for Japan; Mr. Fyson from Cambridge, gan work in this new field, Japan. Mr. Goble ~gained Mr. Evington from Oxford,) joined thè Mission later in quite an acquaintance with the Japanese life and lan- the same year, 1874; the former being associated with guage from his former residence in Japan. In t e year Mr. Piper, and the latter with Mr. Warren: but .:Ir. Fy- following, Mr. Goble's connection with the UÌiion was sQn subsequently occupied Niigata; and the Rev. H. dissolved, though he has continued in active missionary Maundrell, who had labored ten years in Madagascar, service since, even until to-day, at his own charges. For took: charge of Nagasaki in 1875. All these, by God's a short time, Mr. J. T. Doyen was connected with the mercy, have continued at their posts, in addition to three Mission. In October, 1873, Rev. J. H. Arthur joined others who have since joined the Mission, viz., the Rev. the Mission. In June, 1874, by the invitation of Mr. J. Wiliams, first at Hakodate, and since at Tokio; Mr. Arinori Mori, a Japanese gentleman of rank, Mr. Arthur Batchelor, at Hakodate; and the Rev. 'Valter Andrews, went to live in a house belonging to him, in Surugadai at Nagasaki. An English gentleman formerly in the 22 THE 'GOSPEL IN ALL LANDS. employ of the Japanese Government, and who has sinoe where two young men were baptised in May in the river, taken his degree at Cambridge, and been ordained, the and a ,Buddhist priest became an inquirer, remaining Rev. G. H. Pole, also joins the Mission this autumn. from morning to night with the catechist, reasoning "Nagasaki, which was the first station, is also the most 'about Christianity. Many other deepingly' interesting advanced. In 1875, a mission church was opened, by results might be recorded, but one must suffce, that of a the efforts of Mr. Burnside, on the little islet of Deshi- Shinto priest, who, coming to Tokio from a market town ma, (the old Dutch settlement,) close to the bridge lead- in which Mr. Wright had preached year after year with- ing to the native town, within a few minutes walk of my out apparent result, presented himself at the Mission- part of it, and in full view of the harbor. Bishop Bur- house and begged to be received as a c!ltechumen. Since don says of this church: 'Its turret, surmoùnted by a then his sonbas thrown open a hospital, of which he is cross, is quite a prominent object at the head of the the proprietor, as a preaching place, and both father and beautiful bay. You wil remember that Deshima is the son do their best themselv!=s to explain Christianity to very spot where the cross was laid down to be trampled the patients. The hospital is a large building, formerly on as a test of any natives suspected of Christianity. a Shinto temple. The raising of the cross on high at Deshima has, there- The Mission property in Tokio suffered severely from fore, a significance it has not elsewhere.' In November, the dreadful hurricane of October last, but we are thank- 1877, a little college was established for training candi- ful that DO harm was done to the lives of the Missionaries da.tes for missionary work among their oWn countrymen, either by this or by the terrible fire which did such aw- in the first place as evangelists, and then, if it please God ful injury to the town. to call them, as ordained ministers of the church. Some The Rev. A. C. Shaw is assisted by four catechists and of these students are from other cities in the interior, two school teachers. Four divinity students are being and their influence has spread thither the knowledge of trained in his schòol, where also the son of one of the the Gospel. At Kagoshima, in particular, the spot chief nobles of Japan is at his own reguest and with his where Xavier landed in Japan, Mr. Maundrell, in April, father's conseDt being prepared for baptism. Renewed 1879, found several earnest and well-instructed candi- life and activity are being shown by the Shin or "true" dates for baptism; one of them, a medical man, was ad- sect of Buddhists. Mr. Shaw relates a conversation mitted into the visible church on April 26th; five other which he had with a priest of this sect:- adults and a child on May 1st; a~d six adults and six " He called on me at my own house-a most unusual children on May 5th. The whole number of Christian thing. He had been educated at a school where the adherents at Nagasaki and its out-stations at the end of most advanced opinions of modern science are curreIlt, 1879 was ii o. At Osaka there are 35; at Tokio, 34; at and being able to reaq English was well acquainted with Niigata, 6; at Hakodate, 12; 197 in all." many of the arguments most antagonistic to Christianity. I asked him how it was that he, a believer in evolution . .. and educated in such a school, was a member of the The 8. P. G. in Japan. Buddhist priesthood? He said: (1) That in his sect the The Annual Report of the Society for the Propagation priesthood was hereditary; (2) 'fhat he looked upon of the Gospel made in May says: Buddhism, Christianity, Mohammedanism, Confucian- At the end of the iieventh year of their work in Japan ism, as aids to morality; and (3) That evolution was the Society's Missionaries thankfully report themselves quite in accordance with Buddhistic teaching. By this in fair health, and although less sanguine of rapid pro- last statement he referred, of course, to the doctrine of transmigration of the soul. He then expressed his dis- gress than at their first arrival, yet encouraged and much belief rn the existence, or in the necessity for the exist- better qualified to judge of the character of the people ence, of a personal God, stating that he thought the with whom they have to deal, and of the prospect of doctrine of evolution suffcient to account for every phe- Missiona,ry efforts. There has not been during the past nomenon of existence. He had no manner of dislike to twelve months much out of the ordinary run of quiet Christianity, though he felt assured it would be impos- sible for him to become a believer: stil he would like oc- work. The Rev. W. B. Wright continues his city work casionally to read the Scriptures with me. 'However,' in Tokio, and with part of the results of a bazaar has he added, 'my principal object in coming to-day was if built a nice day-school in the Mission compound. Goodly possible to learn something of the constitution and prac- numbers stil come to hear his preaching, and from time tical working of the Church of England. My sect is in great danger. Its government has always been on t~e to time one and another places himself under more principle of absolute monarchy. Now, however, a ma- definite Christian instruction. The trials of a Missionary jority of the priests are anxious to bring about a form of to the Japanese are enormous: among others may be representative government-a change which, in my mentioned the gross immorality of the péople, their dis- opinion, would be fataL.' I quite agreed with him in like to and jealousy of foreigners, the restrictions on free this, and after some further conversation he retired, promising-in Japanese idiom-'to ' give me trouble' an- travellng and residence in the interior, and the peculiar- other day. This great sect is far the most powerful in ities in the language. Nevertheless in many ways the Japan, and the only one likely, I think, to give trouble 'Work is spreading wonderfully. The translation of the to Christian teachers." Scriptures is progressing welL. In the country districts There are connected with the missions in J span 4 or- matters are stil more encouraging. A grant of the dained missionaries: Rev. H. J. Foss and Rev. E. C. Society goes ~o the building of a new chapel at Nakatsu, Hopper at Kobe; Rev. A. C. Shaw and Rev. W. B. THE GOSPEL IN ALL LANDS. 23 Wright at Tokio: one lay assistant, Mr. Henry Hughes: MISSIONARIES. two ladies connected with the Ladies' Association, Miss Rev. J. L. Atkinson, Kobe, Rev. D. C. Greene, Yokohama, Alice Hoar and Miss Shaw. There are 40 communicants, Mias Martha J. Barrows, Kobe, Rev. O. H. Gulick, Kobe, J. C. Berry, M.D., Kobe, Miss Julia Gulick, Kobe, Rev. Otis Cary, Jr., Kobe, Rev. J. T. Gulick, Kobe, Mission of the Methodist Protetant Church in Japan. Miss Virginia Clarkson, Kobe, Mr. De Witt C. Jencks, Kobe, BY REV. C. H. WILLIAMS. Mias Abby M. Colby, Osaka, Mis E. Louiee Kellogg, Osaka, A private letter from Miss Brittan, our Missionary in Rev. W. W. Curtis, Osaka, Rev. D. W. Leared, Kioto, Yokohama, Japan, gives a very encouraging account of Rev. J. D. Davis, Kioto, Rev. H. H. Leavitt, Osaka, her work. She now has twenty-eight pupils in her Mis- Rev. R. H. Davis, Kobe, Rev. J. H. Neesima, Kioto, Miss Anna Y. Davis, Kobe, Miss H. F. Parmelee, Kioto, sion SchooL. Ten of these are day scholars, and the rest Rev. J. H. De Forest, Osaka, Rev. J. H. Pettee, Kobe, resident pupils in the Home. As the lease upon the Miss Julia E. Dudlev, Kobe Mis Alice J. Starkweather, Ki. house she i:ow occupies expires the last of June, and the Miss FannieA. Gardner, Osaka, Miss Eliza Talcott, Kobe, (oto, building and grounds are not wholly suitable to her pur- Rev. M. L. Gordon, M.D., Kioto, Rev. Wallace Taylor, M.D., Osa- poses, she wil remove to more desirable quarters about Miss Mary E. Gouldy, Osaka, ka. the first of July, wh~re she wil have more ample accom- The last Annual Report presents the following facts: modations with but a fractional increase of expense. Of From the report of the secretary of the Japan mission the nature and prospects of her work, she writes thus; it appears that four new churches were organized during ".Now I did not, and do not look upon my work here the year under review, and five pastors were ordained as simply 'woman's work for woman.' I am the Mis- and installed. One of the new churches is in Tokio, the sionary of the Methodist Protestant Church, as I con- capital of the Empire; one is on the island of Shikoku, 'sider it, male and female, and I am endeavorinO' to estab- five hundred miles from the capital; and two are in the lish this work as I think wil be best for that Church without distinction of sex. Therefore it is that I a~ heart' of the tea producing region, on Lake Biwa. One taking boys as ~ell as girls. I am laying, I trust, a hundred and twenty-one members were added to the foundation for a good boys' school .as well as girls. So churches on profession öffaith, and it is an interesting that when the Church is able to send out a man well fact that each of the sixteen churchei' now organized has 'qualifièd for the work, he may find work here ready to received additions by profession of faith duriiigthe year. his hand~ from whic~ he may be able to train up a staff ()f preachers, teachers and interpreters to spread the work Twelve of these churches received no assistance from the ()ver the land-as I hope on the girls' side-we may train mission treasury, al!d suffcient funds were raised to meet Bible Readers to bless the',women of the land." the expenses of the entire sixteen; but as some portion This being our first and thus far our only Mission in of the native funds was devoted to other objects, four ..apan, and as it is to be the center from which our received a little assistance. future mission work is to go out, and around which it is The five pastors installed were fitted ror their work by to gather, we think the metbod adopted by our Board of study and training in the Kioto schoòl, and they are Missions, is the proper one. We should lay our founda- giving pleasing evidence not only of the thoroughness of tions deep and broad, and the whole Church should con- their training, but also of their ability in the work of the ,centrate her efforts for the foreign work upon this one ministry. . work, until it is well established; then if the Lord of the The Kioto Training School has had an attendance of hàrvest shall open other fields, we may enter them. AI- eighty-eight students~ of whom eleven have united with .ready Miss Brittan is asking us for a lady'assistant, and the church during the year. The .English course has ' we should, in the near future, send out an ordained min- been extended to five years, embracing the study of the ister, to organize our foreign missionary work in due sciences and text bOüks taught in colleges in this country. form. A proper effort on the part of the pastors and Its regular theological course is limited to twoyears. In people will enable us to do all this and more, in a short order, however, to_ meet the pressing demand for native time. God has signally blessed our new Mission thus preachers, a special three months course of Bible instruc- far. Let us give it all needed support, and a glorious tion has been provided for a class of men ready to enter work for God and the Church wil be accomplished.- on evangelical work, but whose age and circumstances Methodist Protestant Missionary. do not admit of a full course. This class has numbered twenty, and very much is anticipated from their future The A. B. C. F. M. in Japan. labors. The work of the American Board of Commi~oners The schools for girls at Kobe, Kioto, and Osaka have for Foreign Missions in Japan commenced in Hl69. At been attended by one hundred and twenty-two pupils, of the present time they have in Japan 4 stations, 14 out- whom about one-fourth are professing Christians. In- ~tations, 16 churches, 14 missionaries (two of whom are struction is given in both the Japanese and English lan- physiciani), 1 other physician, 1 other assistant mission- guage. The course of study, while embracing the ele- ary; 1 corresponding member, 29 female assistant mis- mentary branches, includes Botany, Algebra, Philosophy, ~ionaries, 8 native pastors, 18 native preachers, 14 native Guizot's History of Civilization. Bible study is also teachers, 7 Bible-women, 514 members, 1 training school made prominent. The largest school, of fifty-three with 88 pupils, 3 boarding schools for girls with 122 pupils, is in Osaka. Here the native Christians have as- pupils. sumed the expense of a building for the girls' school on 24 THE GOSPEL IN ALL LANDS. a lot of land provided for them by the private contribu- ity of this island. The whole number of organized tion of the members of the station. They have also con- churches is now 14. Total adult membership, 751; bap- tributed generously toward the running expenses of the tized chiia.ren, 55. Number added on confession of their school above the receipts for board and tuition. The faith during the year, 150; infants baptized, 28. Con- school is in charge of ladies from this country. tributions for all purposes: yen, 1,237.25-something Besides the instruction given in these schools for girls, like $800 in American gold. Two pastors have been much has been done in direct personal labors for the ordained and installed during the year. The number of spiritual welfare 0:: the woman in their homes. The un ordained licensed helpers is 6. opportunities for such work are abundant on every hand, "The church in Yokohama has been under the care of and the happy results are seen in the large number of Rev. Geo. W. Knox. Through his influence and that of women gathered into the churches. In order to meet our theological students, a plan of systematic giving has the pressing deIland for this form of effort at the new been introduced into the c.hurch, and kept up with praise- station of Okayama, Miss Talcott has passed over the worthy zeal and persistence by the members. Their in- care of the school at Kobe to Miss Clarkson, and trans- fluence in this line, it is hoped, wil be extended to other ferred her residence to this new field. churches also. Indeed, a strong eJort is being made to The medical department of the mission is growing in get the church as near the standard of self-support as importance as a means of advancing evangelistic work. possible. The churches in Tokio, since Mr. Green left, The number of patients for the year in the' Okayama have been under the general supervision of Rev. D. Hospital, with which Dr. Berry is connected, as a condi- Thompson; those in distant parts of the country under tion of residence of that city, was 14,930. Besides these that of Rev. Mr. Imbrie and others. Dr. Berry has met at his house and at their homes nearly "One of the most hopeful signs in connection with two thousand patients, besides others at out-stations. Dr. the native church'is its missionary spirit. When Chris~ Taylor has his headquarters in Osaka, and has acquired a tianity in any land and among any people ceases to be high reputation for his medical skil and ability in the missionary, it loses its vital principle, and the church region where he resides. The iiative physicians and sinks into dead formalism. Now, while it cannot be church offcers heartily co-operate with Drs. Berry and said that a missionary spirit pervades anything like the Taylor. The medical misionary is not now needed so whole of the Church in this country, and while in some much for opening missionary work as for sustaining and quarters there is a lamentable want of such a spirit, at co-operating with other branches of the service. the same time we can say, and say it truly, that it does exist, and that there are visible and substantial tokens Mission of the American Presbyterian Church in Japan. of its existence. The church in Kiriu, to the north-west YOKOHAA: on the bay, a few miles below Yedo, or Tokio of Tokio, owes its existence to the labors of native evan- (as thIB city IB now named by the Japanese), mission begu, 1859'; gelists. The church in the far-way island of Kiershin miionar laborers-James C. Hepburn, M. D" Rev. George W. grew up under the hand of a native helper, not yet Knox, and their wives. YEDO or TOKIO: The capital of Japan; station occupied 1869; licensed, Mr. Watari Shima. More than eighteen months mIBsionar laborers-Rev. Messrs. David Thompson, William ago, two of our native brethren volunteered to go to Imbrie, Thomas F. Alexander, James M. McCauley, and their Shimonoseki and preach the Gospel, and to-day, by the wives; John C. Ballagh, teacher, and hIB wife; Mrs. Maria C. blessing of God, there is a church in Shimonoseki, that True, MIBs Kate M. Youngman, Miss Sarah C. Smith, Miss Anna hot-bed of bigotry, prejudice, and Buddhism. More than' K. Davis, and Miss Carrie T. Alexander, teacher; four native minsters, n¡ies not reportd; eight licentiate helpers, two licen- a year ago, when Mr. Winn decided to go to the interior,. tiate students. four helpers not licens, six students not licens. there was no diffculty in finding a native helper ready Employed by the mission, Mi Leete. to go with him. Now, through the labors of Mr. Winn KAAZAWA: on the Japan Se, about 180 miles nort-west of and his native helper, there is in Kanazawa a goodly Yedo; station occupied, 1879; missionar laborersRev. Thomas company of believers waiting to be organized into a. C. Win, and his wie; native asistants. church. Also, a few months ago, a young man, whose In th contry.' Rev. Oliver M. Green_ health is feeble, and whom the physician advised to leave Writing for the mission, the Rev. T. T. Alexander Tokio, came to the missionaries and offered to go into gives the following review of missionary work in the last the' interior' and preach as long as the Lord would give year: him strength. He is now located in Yamaguchi, 46 "Probably no one year since the opening of mission miles from Shimonoseki, and a blessed work is growing work in this country has witnessed more marked and up around him." substantial progress, in various directions, than that of 1880. Of course, in a letter of this kid, details can not The Japan Mission of the Reforned Church ia America. be given at length. We can only indicate what has From the Annual Report made in May, by Rev. Dr. been done in the principal departments into which the John M. Ferris, the Missionary Secretary of the Board work naturally divides itself. of Foreign Missions, we obtain the following facts: "During the year two churches were organized, one NAGASAKI STATION. on the island of Kiershin in the town of Yanagawa, the MissWar.-Revs. Henry Stout, Eugene S. Booth. other in the city of Shimonoseki, at the western ext rem- .Assistant Misar.-Mrs. Stout and Mr. Booth. THE GOSPEL IN ALL LANDS. 25

Natiu Ordaine Minite.-Rev. Asashi Begawa. has been very considerable. The number of pupils has Unli.P He7p.-Mr. Takenori Tsuge. been from fifteen to twenty. A boarding department .Ld Studt in tl ThMwgicl Scl at Tokio.-Mr. Ichiji for ten or twelve of the pupils has been carried on free Tomegawa. of expense to the mission, excepting the amount allowed 19 members, 4 preaching-places, 1 Sunday-school, 3 scholars. for the Japanese teacher for Mr. Ballagh, viz., $100, or One organied church, with twenty-three baptized $10 per month for the school year. members_ including four children. One Sunday-school with three scholars. One out-station at Kagoshima, a TOKIO STATION. . city about one hund d'l re mif Nes ki south Th Misainari.-Rev. 0 agasa. e L. Amerman. Guido F. Verbeck, D,D., LL.D., Rev. James Gosp-el has been preached also in some of the neighbor- Â88tant MUiana.-Mrs. Verbeck. Mr. Amerm. ing cities and vilages and cities, as opportunity has Native Ordained Ministea.-Rev. Masalsuma Okuno, Rev. Shigeto offered. Maki, Rev. Kajinosuke Ibuka, -Rev. MasalIBa Uyemura, Rev. Rev, Mr. Booth reports as follows: Jiutao Sudzuki. There have been three servic'es each week during the Liese Student in Thewgica &hol.-Kaka Kobayiihi. Oolpter.-Mr. Chikanaga Sudzuki. year, in the native chapel, besides regular visits to Omu- 145 members, 5 preaching-placs, 4 Sunday-schools, 115 scholas. ra, as often as twice a month, during five months of the Four organized churches, with 162 members including year. The attendance at Omura has averaged about seventeen children. Four Sabbath-schools with 115 twenty-five, though in the face of a strong opposition children. Three out-stations. from the Buddhist priests. The average attendance up- Here also is the Union Theological School, in which on t~e chapel service at N agasak~ has been for evening our mission has been represented during the past year service, thirty-five, and the morning, fifteen. . by two Professors and six students; the whole number YOKOHAMA STATION. in the' school being four Professors and twenty-twc. Mis9Íari.-Rev. Jii. H. Ballagh, Rev. E. R. Miler, in Amer- students. ica. Church work has progressed quietly, without striking, A88tant MUians.-Mrs. Ballagh, ;\1rs. Miler, in America; events in any of the churches: but each exhiliits an in- NativeMiss E.' C. Wh'itbeck,Ordained Miss H.Ministe.i-Rev. L. Winn. crease of membership. Akia Twenty-four Inaguki. adults fhave . been Lic Helpers.-Messrs. Tockichi Ito and Hideu,ra Yamamoto. baptized during the year, which is an increase 0 SiX over Unlicnsed Paid He7p.-Mr. Yuyemon Kitamura. last year, there being: at present one hundred and forty- LicdBanno. Studet in the last Tluologii year. &hol atThe Tokiyo.-!Ir. contributions Kaichi five adult members, of the as againstchurches one hundred 'show and nineteen a 158 members, 8 preaching places, 3 Sunday-schools, 131 scholar. marked increase in every case. Last year they amount- One organized church, with 178 baptized members in- ed to yen 191.80, and this ýear to yen 345.823. Wheú eluding twènty children. Three Sunday-schools with we consider the increased cost of living this is remark- 131 scholars. Three out-stations, Kanagawa, Mishima, able. No church is supported wholly by the mission. and Nagoya. Here also is the Isaac Ferris Seminary, The IT yeda church defrays all of its expenses. The twc. with 31 pupils. churches in Tokio contribute two yen each per month The missionary in charge has been engaged in assist- towards the salaries o~ their pastors, and pay all their ing'the pastor of the native church in preaching at the other expènses except rent. The church at Wadomur3 regular church services, in conducting preaching services pays in the same way two yen per mc.nth and all of its at Kanagawa, and in conducting -a Bible-class of nearly other expenses, including rent. all the church members on Sabbath mornings, immedi- ately after divine services. The United Church of Christ in Japai A good part of the year ,a half-hour Sabbath-school The United Church of Chriet in Japan is formed by service was held for the children of the foreign Sunday- the natiye churches gathered by the Reformed Church school, and since its discontinuance a native Sunday- of America, the American Presbyterian Church and the school has been commenced, largely composed of the United Presbyterian Church of Scotland. The eighth pupils of the private school under the missionary's semi-annual meeting was held in Tokio in ApriL. The Rev. care, and the pupils of the MethQdist Protestant ~sion Wm. Imbrie writes to the New York Evangelist from SchooL. Besides the pupils of these schools, som inter- Tokio on April 28, a letter giving some account of the esting cases of inquirers have come to light by eir meeting, which was of.unusual importance. He says: coming for Bible instruction to this afternoon Sùnday- " Two questions were disposed of, which seemedlikely schooL. to cause trouble: the one regarding Deaconesses, and The week-day services of the missi(lnary, assisted by the other that of the Standards of Dectrine. his wife, have been chiefly confined to a school forJ ap- " Japanese views as to what is proper in the relations anese and Eurasian children, where Japanese and Eng- between men and women render it very diffcult for an lish are taught in about equal proportions. There are unmarried minister, especially if he be a young man, to two or three of the pupils, together with the Japanese perform ordinary pastoral duties without giving rise to teacher, who have the ministry in view, and their pro- scandaL. The question was therefore raised whether it gress in a knowle.dge of English and of Christian truth might not be a good plan to revive the order of dea- 26 THE GOSPEL IN ALL LANDS. conesses; an idea strengthened, if not suggested, by the missed 10; received by letter 27; suspended 59; contri- .Japanese New Testament, which speaks of Phæbe the butions for six months $1,164.67; an increase of $188.78 -deaconess, and commands the deaconesses to be grave, over the amount reported last Fall. The total actual etc. Accordingly, at the Fall meeting of the Chukuwai, membership now reaches 1,497, of which 731 are men, it appeared from the Sessional Records that one of the 568 women, and 198 children. pastors, acting on these views, had ordained, by the im- "Hitherto, you know, we have had only a Ohukuicaij position of hands, two deaconesses. The committee to but for some time past the feeling has been growing that whom the records were submitted, called attention to the we must carry out the idea of the Book, and establish å. minute, and the records were referred to a special com- IJaikuicai (kuicai means' assembly'; and sho, chu, and mittee. At the same time, also, notice was given of a dai are little, middle, and great. Uniting these we get motion to amend the Book so as to recognize among its shokuicai, chukuicai, and daikuicai, corresponding re- orders that of the deaconess. The matter was finally ar- spectively to Session, Presbytery, and Synod). Accord- ranged as follows, and to the satisfaction of everybody: ingly, the last act of thë old Ohukuicai was to divide Any individual church feeling the need of women to itself into three, and to agree that it should assemble work among women, may select certain ones of its female next November as a IJaikuicai. From that time on, members to perform such work, and may call them dea- however, it will be arranged to meet biennially. One conesses if it sees fit to do so; the Book, however,tq re- Ohukuicai embraces the churches in Nagasaki and its main unchanged, and the women not to be ordained. neighborhood; the other two were formed by drawing an "At the time the union (between the Reformed east and west line at Nihon Bashi (J aiian Bridge), that Church, the Presbyterian Church, and the United Pres- is to say, through that celebrated edict board on which byterians of Scotland) was formed no Standards of Doc- was written the old proclamation against Christianity." trine had been translated except the Catechism; and eight months ago notice was given of a motion to amend The Japan IJaily Herald says that the Rev. Dr. Ver- the Constitution by striking out the Westminster Con- beck narrates a very hopeful incident. A rule was fession and the Confession of the Synod of Dort. After adopted for the Japanese army, that every soldier should putting off the decision for a couple of meetings, the give a small amount to provide for the funeral expenses question came up for settlement at the session just past. and for the widows and children of those who might die All looked forward to the meeting with some anxiety, in the service. A young Christian soldier refused to pay because it was well known that it was a subject upon his quota, saying that he was wiling to gi~e toward the which opinions differed. Among the foreigners there support of the families of deceased comrades, and for or- are those who would have been satisfied with a much dinary funeral expe:nses, but not for the heathen rites of simpler confession as the basis of union; and among the a Japanese buriaL. He was put under arrest, and, what Japanese there is a party who say substantially' These was more trying, was urged by some native Christians books were written at a certairi time and to meet a cer- to yield. He, however, remained firm. The matter, of tain emergency, when the Church was in controversy necessity, was referred to the Government. Much anxi- with Arminianism. Our opponents are atheism and ety was felt in relation to the decision. The Govern- idolatry, and on these points especially should our Creed ment released the prioner, restored him to his position, be full and strong; therefore we are not satisfied to ad- and announced that he need not pay for Buddhist rites if he was not disposed to. This recognition of the rights here to these Confessions, at least not as they are.' To of conscience, and grant of religious liberty, are worthY' this it is replied' These Standards were prepared, as you of honor, and wil be heard of with satisfaction by all say, largely in reply to Arminianism, but they contain a Christians. great deal more than belongs to that controversy. In Twenty-eight years ago, Hawaiian Christians raised a them you wil find also what the early Church worked considerable sum of money, and sent it to Japan to build out in its conflict with paganism and atheism. Besides a place of worship for Japanese converts to Christianity-. this, the diffculty of making a new confession would be Nineteen years afterward a church was gathered, and II very great; it would probably be impossible to prepare July, 1875, they dedicated their place of worship to the service of God. On the ioth of March last this church anything to which all would assent; and finally, there is of native believers celebrated the ninth anniversary of 3 question of honor involved, for it was upon these its organization, and gave a greeting to his majesty King Standards, as a basis, that the unio:: was formed.' Kalakaua, who was present by its invitation. After ex- "There was very little debate, and it was agreed very ercises of prayer and praise, the Rev. Ok uno Masatsuma nearly unanimously to adhere to the Standards, and to read an address to the king, recognizing the obligations approve the translations of them which had been pre- which the people felt to his subjects, and presenting to him, as a trifling token of their high respect, a copy of sented. In connection with this the following statistics the New Testament in the Japanese language. The may interest you: pastors 11; elders 46; deacons 51. To king made response in excellent English, and promised these should be added the number of evangelists and to carry the book with him as a memento of his visit, teachers, which I forgot to copy. Sunday-school teachers which would be very gratifying to the Christians of his 77; Sabbath scholars 748; church buildings 17; families kingdom. The first church in Japan, though but nine years old, now represents more than seventy churches 755; baptized during the past six months, adults 105, and four thousand believers in Christ. ~hildren 10; candidates for baptism 76; died 12; dis- -Bible Society Reord. TH~ GOSPEL IN ALL LANDS. 27 eigners; yet the Gospel is finding an entrance even into History of Christian Missions In Japan. Kioto. Mr. N eesima-one of the youths educated in the The Presbyterian Record furnishes the following his- United States, having under him a staff of nine assistants, tory of mission work in Japan: has charge of' a college established by the Board for "In 1857, an offcer of the U. S. Navy, then in Japan, training native teachers and evangelists, in which .are wrote to Dr. Brown, the missionary Bishop of the Pro- over 100 pupils, most of them studying theology. There testant Episcopal Church in the United States, express- is also an institution for females which is well attended. ing his opinion' that the time had come for sending mis- So rapidly are missions advancing in Japan, it is next to sionaries-prudent men, of tried experience, who must impossible to keep an accurate record of the movement.- remember that it is stil death to a Japanese to become a The figures of one year are frequently doubled and Christian.' In February, 1859, the Foreign Mission trebled in the next. The most recent statistics show that Committee of the said Church determined to enter upon twenty different missionaries -societies are at work in work in Japan, and appointed Rev. John Liggins and the Japan. They employ one hundred and seventy mission- Rev. C. M. Wiliams, then of the China Mission, to com- aries, male and female; besides one hundred native mence at Nagasaki. The former was already there for preachers. They have organized more than churches. the benefit of his health. The latter joined him in July: fifty many of them being already self-supporting, embracing These two were the first Protestant missionaries in Japan. 3,000 native communicants, and a Christian community They were obliged to proceed very cautiously. The an- of nearly 10,000 souls. They have numerous schools and tecedents of Christianity in the Empire, the jealousy of a wide-spread Christian literature. the government, and the unsettled state of the country, "The missionaries of the Reformed and Presbyterian made the experiment a very diffcult one. The means churches of the United States and the United Presby- used to prevent converts to Christianity being made were terians of Scotland have recently united in Japan to form strictly enforced. Each individual was compelled to a common Synod, which at the close of 1879 included sign a paper once a year, declaring that he or she was twenty congregations with eleven hundred adult members, not a Christian, and specifying the particular Buddhist The result of the union is that the Presbyterian is the sect to which they belonged. Rewards were offered to largest and strongest Protestant Church in Japan.' Their all who should give information of those who embraced , three principal stations are at Nagasaki, Tokio and Yoko- Christianity. Up to 1868, the missionaries had effected hama. Together they have nearly fifty missionaries and nothing in the way of aggrassive work. In the mean- assistants in addition to native teachers and catechists. time the Presbyterian Church of the United States had The Rev. W. Fleming Stevenson, in describing the mis- its attention atso directed to Japan; In the same year, sion fields of Japan, gives a most interesting account of (1859,) they sent Dr. James C. Hepburn and his wife, what came under his own -observation, especially in. formerIy of China, and the Rev. John Nevius and wife; Tokio and Yokohama. The former is th~capitol with a both missionaries having been previously in China. population estimated at over a millon. While there he About the same time the Dutch Reformed Church in the attended a conference of all the missionaries in that city, United States Bent three missionaries with their wiyes, numbering about thiry-seven. He visited a number of one of, them being a medical misionary. In 1869, the the churclies. 'One of these had a membership of one Amercan Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions hundred aud seventy-five. More tha one hundred and resolved to establish a mission, and appointi;d the Rev. sixty remained for the commmunion, which they have David C. Greene, with his wife, to commence the enter" every month; and most of them, had been Ip.d to Christ prize. Mr. G. fixed upon Kobe, a town of 65,000 inhab- by the earnest persuasion of their converted neighbors.' itants, on a bay of the inland sea, 350 miles s¿uth of Dr. Christlieb tells us how the first Protestant church in Yeddo, where he was soon established, and joined by Japan was founded:-:'It happened during the ~eek of Messrs. Gulick, Davis, Berry; Gordon and others. This prayer, in 1872, that some Japanese students, who had Board has now fifteen laborers in Kobe. In Osaka, a city been receiving instruction from the missIonaries in pri- of 600,000 inhabitants, a few miles ,to the east, and con- vate classes, took part in the English meeting in Y oko- nected with Kobe by rail, they have fourteen laborers. hama. Mter portions of the Acts of the Apostles had The work of medical missions has greatly prospeE in been read and explained, they fell on th-eir knees, and Kobe under the charge of Dr. Berry. Before the econd were heard to beseech God ,with tears, that he would year of his residence he had a government hospita, - 00 pour out his Spirit on J apaD, as once he did on the first students, six dispensaries, and 126 physicians at -a dis- assembly of Apostles. These prayers were charactei'ized tance, who received his lectures by maiL. The English by intense earnestness; captains of men-of-war, English Church Missionary Society, and the American Episcopal and American, who witnessed the scene, remarked,- Church co-operate with the American Board in this great 'the prayers of the Japanese take the heart out of us.' city. The' sacred city' of Kioto, in the same neighbor- Some who had decided for Christ came forward with the hood, has a population of 300,000. Here it was that the confession of their faith. Thus the first Japanese con- Mikados reigned in mysterious majesty for many cen- gregation of eleven converts was constituted.' It is a turies. This city of magnificent temples and pagodas remarkable fact that the first $1,000 contributed towards surrounded by beautiful gardens is not yet open to fen' the erection of the Protestant Episcopal Church in Y oko- 28 THE GOSPEL IN ALL LANDS. hama, was sent by the Christian converts of the Hawaiian before, which stil faced the' missionary wherever he Islands! The American Methodists are well represented turned. One of the new proclamations was as follows:- in Tokio, Yokohama, Nagasaki and Hokodate. The last BOARD No. I.-LAw. named is the chief city of Yesso, the most northern The evil'ect called Christians is strictly prohibited. Suspicious island. The Canada Methodists have stations at Tokio persons should be reported to the proper offcers, and rewards wil and three other places. Together, they have eighteen be given. DAI Jo KüAN. missionaries and assistants, forty-six native helpers, nearly Fourth Year KeiO" Third Month. "In 1873 all these public notices were withdrawn. seven hundred communicants, and a stil larger number of scholars in their Sunday-schools." Not, indeed, those against Christianity only; and just as the laws respecting 'murder, arson and robbery,' re- The following account of Protestant Missions in Japan mained in force notwithstanding the removal of particu- appeared in The Church Missionary Gleaner for Octo- lar proclamations respecting them, so was it with the ber, 1880: prohibition of the' evil sect.' Stil it cannot be doubted "England opened the door for the Gospel to enter that in course of time the result was favorable to mis- Japan, and America can'ied it in. Under Commodore sionary effort. The authorities were better ~ble to ig- Perry's limited Treaty, nothing could be done, and it was nore breaches of the law when its existence was less con- Lord Elgin's Treaty in 1858 that secured liberty for spicious; and toleration had gradually become, in prac- foreigners to reside on the" concessions" at the specified tice, virtually complete. ports. But American societies led the way in planting "In addition to the admirable work of the American missions there. As early as 1850-60, the Protestant Epis- missionaries, much good was done in the early days of copal Church, the Presbyterian Board, and the" Dutch cautious and tentative effort by the influence of the able Reformed Church," were at work, with seven ordained and devoted Christian laymen, mostly also from the men. But the missionaries could do but little. Their very United States, wbo engaged in educational work undér presence caused suspicion. Spies were sent by the gov- the Japanese Government. Unquestionably the tolera- ernment to call upon them, ostensibly to make friends tion that now obtains is largely due to the spread, by their with the foreign visitors, but really to discover what ob- instrumentality, among the governing and literary class ject these non-trading people had in coming to Japan at -the very class they came in contact with at the col- all. To preach or teach pubÍìcly would have been to leges and schools,-of correct views at least of the high bring upon themselves instant expulsion. They could character of the Christian religion. but cautiously speak to such as came to them, and with " One of these gentlemen, Mr. E. Wan'en Clark, in his equal caution sell such tracts and Scripture portions as plaasant little book, Life and Adventure in Japan (pub- had hastily been produced in Japanese. Some young lished in England by Nisbet & Co.), gives incidcntally men who came to one missionary to learn a little English some interesting glimpses of thp. exercise of this kind of were handed for that purpose copies of a book called Christian influence. He was engaged as a teacher of The Christian Reader~' when they at once erased the science at r,he city of Shidzuoka. He began the very first word' Christian' from the title-page and cover, for fear Sunday, and conducted a Bible-cla~s the whole time he it should be noticed by others. was there; and when he was transferred to the Imperial "In 1865, the first Christian convert, whb had been a College at Tokio, he resolved to hold three every Sunday, teacher of the language to the missionaries, was baptized for the convenience of different classes of students. Un- -on his death-bed, but at his own house, in the presence usual diffculties arose here, but he persevered. ' I con- of his family, and with their full consent. fes,' he wrote, 'that when the feeling floods upon me, "In June, 1869, the experienced Church Missionary that these are souls for whom Christ died, and mine is Society missionary in China, the Rev. W. A. (afterwards the privilege to make the fact known unto them, it breaks Bishop) Russell, visited Japan, and his report to the through all bouuds of mere expediency, and forces me to Society laid especial stress upon the fact that while speak the truth at all risks. TÌere is a solemnity beyond 'against Christianity in a Roman Catholic garb, 'fròm expression in the attempt to bring before these young what took place in the past, there no doubt existed a very men the words of eternal life. ' bitter feeling,' no hostility was manifested against Pro- "It was iu 1872 that the first Native Japanese Chrs- testant Christianity, 'which the Japanese weré already tian Church was organised. It is now called the Union beginning to discern to be a very different thing.' He Church, and is connected with two American Presby- found visitors to the missionaries speaking with reserve terian Societies and the Scottish' U. P. Church.' Next about religion til they ascutained them to be Protes- in importance are the Missions of the American Board tants, , and then Í-eligious conversation was prosecuted (Congregationalist). Other American denominations are without hesitation.' actively at work, includ~ng the Protestant Episcopal "But in offcial circles no readiness was exhibited to Church under Bishop Wiliams. Of English societies, drkw such distinctions. Immediately after the Revolu- the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel and the tion of 1868; the Mikado's government had put up notice- Church Missionary Society have had Missions in Japan boards all over the Empire bearing imperiul edicts, sup- for some years; and the Baptists have lately sent an plementary to the now venerable notice of 230 years i agent there. The Scottish United Presbyterians are THE GOSPEL IN ALL LANDS. 2~ represented, and the Edinburgh Medical Mission. Out The mission of the Church Missionary Society is next of sixty ordained missionaries of all denominations in the in order, and was commenced in 1869 by the Rev. G. country, three-fourths are from the United States. Five Ensor, who was joined in 1871 by Rev. H. Burnside. The belong to the S. P. G. and nine to the C. M. S. At the health of these two missionaries having failed soon after end of 1879 there were 3,000 baptized Christians in they mastered the language, they gave up the mission, Japan, and probtbly an equal number of adherents Bot which was re-organized by the Rev. H. Maundrell IIi 1875, yet baptized. The S. P. G. and C. M. S. had about 200 who is stil in the field, having been joined by Rev. W. each. Andrews in 1879. These brethren are very zealous The American missionaries, in addition to their directly workers and their mission is in a growing condition. evaIlgelistic efforts, have done a noble work by their edu- They have four stations, with a membership of 150, two cational and literary labors. In female education especi- day schools, a training college and a boarding school for ally, American ladies have rendered most valuable ser- girls. The number of pupils i~ all of these is 58. vice. Dr. Hepburn's J apa;'ese-English and English- The Methodist Episcopal Church entered the field in Japanese dictionary, the fruit of thirteen years' toil, the 1873, having for its representative Rev. John C. Davison. standard work on the language, must be specially men- Mr. Davison made rapid progress in the language, and tioned. To him and.his brethren is mainly due the pro- has given every evidence of his adaptation to missionary gress already made in the translation of the Bible. The work. In 1879 Rev. Carroll S. Long was appointed to New Testament has latßlY been completed. help him, but did not reach the field until Apri of the " Besides the Protestant Missions, the Church of Rome following year. About the same time the W. F. M. S. and the Russo-Greek Church maintain a large staff in of the Methodist Episcopal Church sent out Miss E. Rus- Japan. The Romanists, expelled in the seventeenth cen- sell and Miss Jennie M. Gheer, who have opened a school tury, have taken advantage of the toleration obtained by for girls in a rented building, gathering their pupils,. Protestant England and Protestant America, and their about 20 in. number, from various parts of the island. zeal is represented by three bishops, more than thirty They have secured an elegant.site upon which they hope priests, and a large number of nuns." soon to erect a building with capacity for 60 pupils. The .. mission has now a membership of about 55, four,preach- Protestant MIssions In Southern Japan. ing places, at one of which, Kagashima, a day school i BY REV. CARROLL S. LONG. numbering over 80 pupils, and a beautiful lot in Naga- Messrs. Æitors GOSPEL IN A~i LANDS: saki upon which a school for boys and young men is to I see from your plan for '81 that your July number is be immediately built, the contract for which having been let to-day. The out-look for missionary work in this to be devoted to Japan. I take pleasure in forwarding great island that has done so much to mould the charac- you a few items from Southern Japan. Nagasaki is the only open port in the large Island of Kiushiu, the most ter and thought of old J apaii is growig' prighter every' southern of theJ apan group, and is the home of all the day! May its influence for good on the "New Japan" missionaries who labor in this Island. This city is said be as mighty as that for evil on the old i to have been a small fishing vilage in the days of our NAGASAKI, JAPAN, May 6, 188i. Saviour when he called the fishermen of a similar vilage to be "fishers of men." Its present population is about The remarkably rapid development of Bible work in 50,000. The population of the entire island is estimated Japan, since Dr. Gulick took charge o~ it, a little more to be over 6,000,000, or about one-sixth the population of than five years ago, has satisfied the Managers of the im- the entire Empire. The people are largely BuÇldhists, portance of having an agent whose whole time can be though the Shintos have a strong influence among the given to that country. So many affairs needed supèrvis- morEl intelligent classes. ion, so many editions were in press, that during the year In many parts of the island the inhabitants manifest a 1880 Dr. Gulick, though much needed in China, was not willingness to hear the Gospel, but as yet very few have able to be absent from Japan. It has now been decided expressed belief in it. There are three Protestant and to divide the agency, alid, in accordance with Dr. Gu- one Roman Catholic missions established in the island, lick's own choice, he wil be transferred to Chiiia, al- with their principal stations at N agasaki. T~Re- though the Board would have gladly retained him in formed Church of America was the first to enter t e field. Japan to carryon the system which he has so success- Rev. G. F. Verbeck, D.D., organized the mission 1 the fully organized and directed. After careful considera- year 1859. He met with much opposition, and for many tion, the Rev. Henry Loomis, now of California, has been years the mission did not seem to prosper. Dr. Verbeck appointed Agent for Japan, and is expected to e~ter up- was followed, in 1869, by Rev. Henry Stout, who has his wörk at an early date. Mr. Loomis resided in Japan labored faithfully up to the present time. In 1879 he for several years as a missionary of the Presbyterian was re-inforced by Rev. E. S. Booth. The mission is in Board, and has a knowledge of the Japanese language, a more prosperous condition now than at any previous which wil give him ready access to the people, and time, having a membership of about 60, ana a day school greatly facilitate the work which he hás to do. numbering about 20 pupils. -Bible Society Record. 30 THE GOSPEL IN ALL LANlJb. IW.oman'ø IW.ork in gliipaii. known as Ise Yama, a place procured by the kindness of the Japanese Governor. This was the beginning of the- The Good News: a Mission Incident in Japan "Ferris Seininary." It was stil only a day school, but BY iuss PRISCllLA J. OWES. in November, 1874, a second teacher, Miss Emma C. Wit- "Stranger lady, from the land beyond the ocean, beck, arrived. The same month a lease of land from the Know'st thou aught of any lie beyond the gravef governent was obtained, and also money from home to- Cans't thou tell of Jesus?"--thus with deep emotion Hea I eager lips their weighty answer crave. build a house for a boarding-school, and a contract was signed for the completion of the building in May, 1875. "i have come," she said, "in fear and sorrow hating, On the' first of June the school was opened by a dedica- They are longig for the tidings at my home, tory Japanese service. The number of pupíls has steadily For my husband 'neath neath's power lies wasting, increased, until between thirty and forty names are on the And he sent me hither, waiting ti I come." rolls each year. Then I told my heathen sister that sweet story The school has been blessed by the continued presence Of our Jesus, of his lie of pain and love, of the Holy Spirit, a number of the pupils have been bap- How he left for mortal men a throne of glory, tized and are leading cODllistent Christian lives. Four- How he promised us imortal life above. teen years ago a daily prayer meeting was begun of their "Tell me more, stil more," she urged in tones imploring, own accord by some of the girls, and has been continued "0 the precious words! I want to hear them aU; ever since., There is also a weekly prayer meeting in Back in joy I'll bear them, hope restoring which the scholars from the American Mission Home To his sining h~art, now trembling at neath's caU." write "The attendance on the Sunday-school is excel- More I told her,-it was sweet to see her listen lent;" some of the teachers in it being the Christian With the tear-drops in her dark beseching eyes; J apanesa girls. Brighter than her gems, I siw them gleam and gijsten. In 1879 Mrs. Miler was obliged to seek rest by return- As the light of Hope dawned on them from the skies. ing to this country, The school has since been carried Then in peace she sped her way. the tidings bearing on by Miss Witbeck, assisted by Miss Winn. These To her darkened home, of life beyond the grave. ladies have it stil in charge, although Mrs. Miler is now And at the sufferer's couch she bent, declaring just returning to Japan. Outside work has been done in The love of Jesus, who had come to save. teaching Bible classes and Sunday-schools among the natives. Christian sisters, hear ye not the heathen crying, From their mournful homes, for hope beyond the grve? The Rev. Henry Stout and wife were stationed by t46" They are waiting there, the sad, the sick. and dying, Synod's Board at Nagasaki in 1869. MrS_ Stout taught For the news of Jesus, who is strong to save. classes of girls from time to time as strength permitted. In 1878 the Woman's Board finished raising five thousand Wil ye bind your hand's with gems, while hears are breaking? Wil ye waste your time on heatless pleasures gay? dollars for the establishment of a school similar to the Wil ye careless smile, while wea brows are aching Seminary at Yokohama; two ladies, Misses Elizabeth T. For the blessd comfort of the Gospel day? and Mary J. Farrington were sent out in July of that year. A few scholars were gathered together and taught Ah! my Saviour, when we, too, at last are dying, for some months, but no building was erected, and health When we look above, thy pityig eyes to see, Shall our ear be haunte with the heathen's sighing failing, the ladies left at the end of the year. Rev. Mr. Or shall thy voice whisper, "This ye did for me?" and Mrs. Stout returning to this country, the school was BALTIORE, MD. -H~athen Womn's Frien. discontinued, and has not yet been re-organized. .. .. The Protestant Episcopal Woman's Work in Japan. Woman's Work of the Reformed Church in Japan. The Protestant Espiscopal Church entered on prelim- The Woman's Board of Foreign Missions of the Re- inary mision work in Japan as early as 1859; the first formed Church in America has no work of its own inde- workers in the field that proved so nearly ready to the pendent of the Synod's Board of the Church. It has, harvest. however, since May, 1880, assumed the support of all the Miss Conover was sent to Kanagawa in 1863, but polit- girls' schools under the care of the Synod's Board, among ical disturbances made her residence there unsafe, and which is the "Isaac Ferris Seminary" at Yokohama. she, with other missionaries, was obliged to flee. Ulti- The first unmarried lady missionary sent to Japan by the mately she became the wife of Rev. E. H. Thompson, Reformed Church wãs Miss Mary E. Kidder, now Mrs. missionary at Shanghai. E. R. Miler, who arrived at Yokohama in September of In 1872 two missionaries with their wives took up their 1869. The first year was spent mainly in acquiring the residence at Osaka. A school for boys was established, language. At the beginning of the second year she had and Mrs. Quinby taught the younger class, girls being three pupils, and at its close, six. During the next year too diffcult to reach at first; but after two years, in Sep- the number increased to twenty-two, and in July the tember of 1874, a class of five girls was collected, two class was removed from the room lent by the Presbyterian of whom almost immediately left. In November of Mission, to a hOUle in the native offcial part of the town, 1874, Mis Eddy arrived and took charge. The school THE GOSPEL IN ALL LANDS. , 31 has been removed from one location to another and I opened, in which pupils from the Seminary gave satisfac- sufered many discouragements, but has at times num- tory assistance. bered thity-three pupils, Miss Eddy holding faithful One of the girls being removed from the Seminary ro to her work through alL Miss Michie joined her, and is the Empress N orIal School lest she should openly confess now in chal'ge of the school, in connection with Miss the faith to which she had become a convert, established Mead, who has just reached Japan, Miss Eddy's resigna- a prayer meeting which was regularly attended by nearly tion having been received. In this school there are six a dozen fellow-pupils. Another marrying a teacher of a scholarships. native boys' school, induced her husband to study the There is another school at Tokio under the charge of Bible with her, and presently she opened, in connec¡'ion Mr. Blanchet and Miss Pitman. It has four scholarships. with his, a girls' school, where she taught Christian , There is no building för the teacher or for the schooL. truth and had daily prayers. . In reading the records of the Episcopal missions. we During the summei' vacation Miss Y oiingman and ten have IIarvp-lled that, having so much priority in point of of the pupils, accompanied by Shin a, now a preacher, held time in occupying the field, the Church at home should services in the vilage to which they retreated. During have allowed the moi;ing hours to slip by without put- the few weeks of their stay, it was estimated over a ting more laborers into such a promising field, and have thousand persons must have heard at least with the out- kept them there. The Woman's Auxiliàry are now en- ward ear of "the way of Jesus." In the autumn of187S. deavoring to build a hospital at Osaka. it was judged more profitable for Miss Youngman to give her whole time to what is called" outside work" and The Lales' Boar of Missions of the Presbytrian Churh. leave the Semiary in charge of others. During less The Ladies' Board decided in the year 1872 to begin than four years of her work in the Seminary, twenty-four its distinctive work in Japan in the city of Yedo, since of the ptipils had confessed Christ. Sixteen of them stil remaining in Tokio have fOrI!ld themselves into a band called Tokio, wisely voting to raise *5,000 for a Home called the "KoZen Sha," or "The Lovers of Good for the workers. By July of 1873, two missionaries, Miss Society," having for'one object the support of little Sen, Parke and. Miss Youngman, were in Yokohama learning who for five yGars they have faithfully cared for. They the language. During¡ the five months they remained there they taught Bible-classes of Japanese young men, also fursh teachers from their number for Sunday schools, and take charge of the" Children's Meetings.'" seven of whom became earnest Christians. Miss Y oungmiin's work suffered much from the fire of Shin a, Miss Y oungman's te~cher in the language, de- 1879, but at the close of 1880 she reports: ciding to becòme a preacher, the Ladies' Board aided "Aft4ir my work was again in order, I had a daily him during the period of his preparation. Early in 1874 Bible-class at my home, besides explaining the Bible' the two missionaries removed to Tokio, beginning school morning and evening. We carried on two children's with five pupils. During the first year, two of the services during the week and four Sabbath schools. On pupils became Christians and fellow-workers in their de- account of my principal helper, who had all the charge of. gree; one of them aiding Miss Youngman in holding these matters (that is, as far as keeping the numbers, etc.), meetings a few miles out from Tokio. being taken from me s~ suddenly, without èven being The first Christmas was celebrated by doing all that allowed to communicate with me, I am unable to mention could be done for the girls to make them happy. The the numbers reached. We have two day. schools entirely second year a different way was taken to reach the same. under our care, another (public) school where we hold result, by teaching them, it is more blessed to giv,e than the Sabbath school, and are able to exert some influence. to receive. It was suggested they should make with One night school; a meeting on the 1st and 15th of each their ,own hands articles for gifts to their kindred or month for those who work in a match factory in another friends. They labored most industriously' and achieved part of the city. The 15th and 1st being holy days at very satisfactory success. The seed planted took root in the factory, we take the opportunity to gather in as many good ground; for later on a little girl of six came into as we can; and teach them the Bible only. Then there is the school from a home only evil; these girls resolved to the meeting for the Jinrikshamen. Many of the scholars adopt her, pay her expenses, abou~ $50 per year, b~. Ie of our schools have become regular attendants at church, of their work; they also agreed to take charge of er in one of my helpers always caUing at the school-house and turn a week a time, until she should be able to make er taking them with her. Two of the girls being trained own toilet. Freely they had received, but with aptness for helpers, are assisting in the night schooL. One of my rare in more favored lands, in two years they had learned house servants, who has asked for baptism, is also assist- to "freely give !" ìng. The time of instruction being so short, and the In the year 1877 the Graham Seminary was occupied, number of pupils so large, four teachers are necessaIy." receiving a family of thirty. The" outside work" was In a letter received during June, 1881, she reports greatly increased. Children's meetings were held on failing health obliges her to return to this country, but Saturday afternoons, the attendance sometimes reaching she wil be able to leave the day schools, now increased thirty or forty, about half of these ultimately findig to three, in charge of three native girls trained by her- their way to the Sunday schools. Two day schools were self; and all the teachers in the schools are Christians. 32 THE GOSPEL IN ALL LANDS Graham Seminary has outgrown it limits, and an ad- pressed that this part of the work might suffer from ditional wing to the building is needed. The following the greater distance. In the providence of God the are now teachers in the Seminary: Miss S. C. Smith, who seeming hindrance, proved an enlargement of opportu- went out in 1880, and Miss Lena Leete. Miss J. A. nity in more than one direction. As many persons Leete is now on her way to be matron øf the Seminary. The following have been connected with the Seminary:I attendedbring thirty as before, or forty and cooliesenough aroundcame out the in doors; chairs to

WomeD or Slmoda, Japan. Miss Parke, who married Rev. Mr. Thompson of Tokio, these an invitation was given to attend the native and Miss Gulick. prayer meeting held at the same hour and so the good ... news was brought to the ears of stil another class. The Woman's Union Missionary Society in Japan. Early in the work applications for instruction of In May 1871 Mrs. Pruyn, Miss Crosby and Mrs. Pier- daughters of a better class of Japanese was received, son, sailed for Yokohama, the first laborers commission- but after the removal to 212 Bluff they became so fre- ed by the "Woman's Union" to Japan, although in the first quent, the opening of a boarding and day school was year of the society's existence contributions were made decided upon, in addition to the work for the children. to the support of a teacher there. By December a lilhool-ro.om had been erected, and be- The 12th of August following their departure, found ing found inadequate for the increasing number a second these ladies in their own hired house. room was added and later a third. At the end of the The work proposed lay among the Eurasian children- fourth year the workers report: of half native and half foreign parentage-some of "We have a large and commodious house for the whom were reported as nearly or quite naked, sleeping young ladies, and a smaller one, recently built, for the under bushes and growing up more like the beasts than children; a large, most pleasant and convenient school- like men. house, the first free school for girls ever built in this At the end of the first year eighteen Eurasian and country. We have in our family thirty-five young Japanese children had been admitted, and the house had ladies and children, and nearly as many more attending become too strait for the expanding work. the day-sclool. Eleven of our dpar girls give every At some distance out a residence with large grounds evidence of being what they profess, the disciples of , had been fitted up for the Russian minister, and was J eeus. Four of our servants have also become Chris- now for rent or sale; negociations were entered into for tians. One of the young men of our houehold, former- this house and it h.ecame the property of the Society. ly employed by us, is a member of the theological class, Here at Bluff 212 the permanent "Mission Home" was and is advanced in his preparations to preach the Gos- established Oct. 1, 1872. pel, for he is already accomplishing much in various From the beginning prayer meetings had been held ways for the salvation of his people. for sailors and foreign residents; fears had been ex- "In the dwelling-house there are four regular weekly THE GOSPEL IN ALL LANDS. 33 prayer-meetings for foreigners, the outgrowth of which In January of 1877 the number of day scholars was has been the organization of a Union Church and the about twenty, fifty-two in the family, being all that establishment of a Temperance Hall for sailors, and now the accommodations would allow. In January 1881, the organization of a Young Men's Christian Associa- sixty are reported in the Mission Home and Children's tion and the opening of a daily prayer-meeting is in House. course of accomplishment. These meetings are occa- Of the work done for Christ in these schools during

JAPAn~SE WOMEN AND CHILDREl'.

sions of constant manifestations of the Holy Spirit's the ten years between 1871 and 1881 '¡the day" alone power, and bring untold blessings to our own hearts. .shall fully declare;, but some portìon is manifesting it- "All the native services are held in our school-house, self in the native girls now conducting schools of their exoept the Sabbath morning preaching, which is in the own; in the Christian wives and mothers educated dur- theatre immediately preceding the foreign service. ing thj~ time; in the filial labors of daughters with par- "I must not forget to mention our Sunday-school, ents; in "scpres" of consecrated lives; in the, sixteen Bible which has a most encouraging attendance of about fifty, readers giving of the truth as themselves have received, and is a source of great profit and. pleasiue to both as well as in the joyful fallng asleep of some sweet teachers and scholars. But more precious still to us is souls. the prayer-meeting held by our o~n dear girls ~ The word of life has been offered t.o theforlorn child, Friday afternoon, and the earnest spirit exhibited,,!? the heathen servant, and the da.ughter of princes; to the them in trying to bring others into these meetings. sailor and the traveler. from Christian lands; nor of the "Three of our ladies are now visiting regularly among seed sowing among these last is there wanting e\"idence the Japanese women, and holding little meetings in of fruit. their houses for reading the Bible and giving religious A lady interested in the home work of thc society instruction. In these visits and meetings they are always was travelling in Ireland and there met a sailor who accompanied by one or more of the Christian girls, one named this Japan Mission as his spiritual birth place. of whom is so far advanced in English, and has evinced There came to Japan on a trip around the world, a so many useful traits, that a room has been hired, and lady of culture and wealth. She came under the spirit- she has commenced a little school each afternoon for ual influencef! of this Mission Home, and the sacred love two hours." for the Master burning there, lighted a fuller and intens- 34 THE GOSPEL IN ALL LANDS.

er ~ame 1 han had ever been kindled in her heart and she has but to be patient and trustful and in God's time it finished her journey a consecrated disciple. shall see the seeming loss and delay contribute elements . Nor has the work among the heathen been confined to that both increase and perfect the harvest. teaching alone, 01' to Yokohama only. At first by visiting On the loth of August, 1842, at the Methodist parson- t.he parents of pupils, or by making acquaintance with age in Georgetown, Maine, was eommenced a life whose the women in shops;' by making little feasts of foreign going out proved like a trial of faith to many he,arts who bread and cake, closing with addresses on some look and labor for heathen darkness to be turned to light Bible tr.uth, and in all ways that ingenuity could suggest by the reception of the Gospel of Christ. companies have been gathered to a kind of, preaching The little daughter born that summer day received the service,.in various parts of the city, and iÌl some of the name of Susan, and grew up under the careful training adjacent vilages; long journeys in vacations have been of " a model Christian mother." Gradually she developed undertaken, and all the devices that love and pity could excellent intellectual gifts,' and as a pupil merited and suggest have been used to bring the knowledge of the received the warm recommendation of teachers. Gradu- Saviour to their heathen souls. ating from the High School of Chelsea, Mass., in the From these labors fruit has appeared in many places summer of 1862, she presently became a teacher in that in the conversion of one or several of the hearers, while city, and there for thirteen years she labored with faith. in the city, for three years, regular meetings have ful painstaking care, securing the respect and. love of been held of the converted women, in which they take her pupils and the esteem of the whole community. part. With the aid of more than a dozen Bible readers It was in her sixtee~th year during the winter of 1858 added to the missionaries labor, the work is progressing -a winter of blessed memory to . many a soul-that she not only in Yokohama and vilages adjacent, but in dis- was born into" the new life." From the first entrance tant parts of the empire; one journey of four hundred into this lie she had strong convictions of and persistent miles being reported the last summer. adherence to duty. She early learned to know her God In view of all this blessing and increase, well may the as a hearer and answerer of prayer, and that not for workers in the field join them at home in the thankful things spiritual alone but for things temporal as welL.' cry, "The Lord hath done great things for us, whereof The Bible was often in her hands, she knew it and' loved we are glad." it. There have been ten diferent ladies connected with There came a time when God was pleased to take her this work: into the nearer circle of disciples, and this He'did, as He .Mrs. Mary Pruyn, 17 High St., Albany, so often has done to His children before, by taking her Miss Julia Crosby, 212 Bluff, Yokohama; through the furnace of affiction. Like many another Mrs. Pierson, "" " mourner, shè grew conscious that in aflction God was Mrs. Annie Viele, "" " dealing in love, and the heart that had followed afar off, Miss Nannie Fletcher, 212 Bluff, Yokohama. now turned and ran to be held in closer love and so in Miss L. M. Guthrie who returned and died at San deeper consecration and faith. Fraucisco, on her way to another field of labor; All her life Susan had been interested in missions, and Miss Nelson, who was married to Rev. Mr. Quinby according to her ability, had given her offerings. Some- of the Protestant Episcopal Mission, times conscious of how little it was, she had longed Miss Maltby, when the subscription paper passed her to put down Mrs. True, "Myself," but was withheld lest she should run not only Miss McNeaL. before she was called, but where she had no call. She .... spoke to none of her questionings about the matter, but Biography of Susn B. Higgins, waited upon God only to show her the way, and perhaps Missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church to Japan. to so strengthen the ties that bound her to Him that she Saint Peter speaks of a " trial of faith" more precious could leave all home ties for His sake. That these ties than gold. Perhaps faith ,suffers few more. severe tests were not of ordinary strength were shown when she re-' than when it sees the earnest laborer struck down by dis- ceived the offer of a position as teacher in another State . ease and death at the entrance of a work calling for with a salary nearly double what she was receiving at ßpecial denial and consecration. Chelsea, but the "desire to be with her friends, dislike Augustus Foster Lyde consecrated himself to preach- to go among strangers, led her to decline the offer, and ing the unsearchable riches of Christ in China, and died yet when the call came from Japan, eight thousand miles at twenty-one, not even receiving his appointment as away, her feet were swifter than hind's feet upon the , missionary. mountains of Bethor to obey." It was not strange that one looking upon his death- This call to her work was" so clear aud unmistakable bed that November morning in 1834 said: "An event like that she never for a single moment doubted it. In April, this is too deep to be fathom0d by human reason;" but 1879, writing to a friend, she says, , You ask if I have now at the end of nearly fifty years it is clearly seen his any hours of spiritual weakness, when I am tempted to dying called to that mission more men and means than regret the step I have taken. It is an endless comfort probably would have responded to a living voice. Faith to know that all the ordering of this was of His wilL, and THE GOSPEL IN ALL LANDS. 35 not mine. I felt all the time that I was an outside knew nothing of the incipient disease in her system, the party; the call was so clear that it required no decision, Lord knew all, and that, knowing all, He had told her 'to there was but one way.' A quota.tion or two from the come to Japan. As her pain èecame more and more letter she forwarded to our Exeoutive Board" when offer_ severe, the one prayer that arose from her lips was, ing herself for the work, will convince everyone who 'Lord Jesus, come quickly!' On one occasion she said, reads it that she was obeying no uncertain sound. After , I am afraid if my home friends hear how much I want simply stating that her interest in missionary work dated to go to hBaven, and how willing I am to die here, they from childhood, referring to little Charlie's death and a wil think I have forgotten them. Be' sure to tell them sermon by Dr. Alden, Dr. Dashiell's testimony in regard how much I love them.' Repeating' Jesus answered and to needed helpers, a.nd Miss Sparke's appeal for Christian said, Verily I say unto you, There is no man that hath women to go to other lands, she says, 'June 12th brought left home or brethren, or sisters, or father, or mother, or ()ur quarterly meeting, to which I had been looking with wife, or children, or lands, for my sake, and the Gospel's, much interest, but a sudden and heavy shower came about but he shall receive an hundredfold now in this time, the time for me to start, so I carried the matter to the houses, and brethren, and sisters, and mothers, and chil- Lord (who drew very near), asking Him to show me what dren, and lands, with persecutions; and in the world to to do, and to find my answer in my Bible. Turning to come eternal life,' she added, 'Oh, how this has be~n the wonderful Book, I opened immediately to Acts xxii, verified to me ! ' Until a week before her death her mind 10. 'And I said, What shall I do, Lord? And the Lord was perfectly clear. She made every arrangement for said unto me, Arise, and go into Damascus, and there it her funeral, ga.ve directions with regard to the disposal -shall be told thee of all things which are appointed for of all her possessions, assigning little gifts to her friends thee to do.' here and at home, and dii"ecting that everything remain- " Nothing doubting, I took the next car to town. At ing froip the sale of her outfit, after deducting her funeral the close of the meeting, Mrs. D. crossed the platform, expenses, should be returned to the society. She did not came down the aisle where I was standing, and as she feel that the money expended in sending her out had passed, said, 'I expect we shall send you as missionary been wasted, but ahe wished as far as possible to have some time.' Soon she came to me, took my hand, and her outfit money refunded. looking at me, ~aid, 'Apply, then, apply.' " She left messages for friends on both sides of the sea. "The following week on Friday I met with the Execu- No one with whom she had been in any way associated tive Committee, where the Lord let me roll the responsi- here was forgotten, arid those in the home land were re- bility of this over to other hands, and I leave it as I do membered with special tenderness. 'Tell my unconvert- myself into His hand, praying above all things that He ed friends,' she said, 'the death-bed is a poor place for will guide their d6lliberations, for I h3d rather be kept in repentance.' To the friends. she had m~de in her tem-' my native land by the direst calamity than undertake perance work, she SfLid, 'Let your watchword be the the care of soiils~ unless sent and used by God." pledge ftnd prayer.' One request that seemed to me ès- She sailed for Japan in September, 1878; she died in peciany touching was this,-that all her religious period- July, 1879. Of the months that intervened a companion, icals-those already on file and th'ose that might come Miss Mary Holbrook, has told the following story: after her, death-should be given to her friend, Mrs. "She was emphatically a working woman. Devoting Viele, to distribute in the hospitals and prisons where ,she her mornings to the study of the language with scrupu- had so often accompanied her. Sometimes in the crim- lous conscientiousness, she yet found time to superintend nals' cells of Yokohama are follnd meii and boys from . a day school, that increased upon her hands until from. Methodist Sunday schools, nay, even from Methodist three or four pupils the number grew to fifty-two. In homes, to whom the sight of one- of our church papers addition to this, she directed the work of a Bible-woman wil be like a vi¡:it from a long-lost friend. Who can tell regularly employed by the society, and with the help of how much good may result from. this one sweet.thought her teacher, conducted a weekly Bible-class for women, of hers? 'Among the messages for her dear ones at home, besides keeping up a very extensive correspondence with she said, 'Tell them that I believë in sanctification.' home friends. She had planed broadly, intending to When suffering very much one day, requiring unusual make the training of teachers and Bible-women her care, she said, 'Oh, if my father could see bow kind you special work. For this she was eminently fitted. IÎ~r- are, how he would pray for you! My father is a man of self dependent upon the Word as upon her daily~d, prayer.' , . . . she knew how to inspire others with a real love for it. "Miss Spencer, of our own mission, and Mrs. Viele, an Not long before her illness, she said to a friend, 'I guage elect lady of the American Board, both special friénds my spiritual growth by the time I spend with my Bible.' of Miss. Higgins, devoted their undivided attention 'to her " After her plans for work had all been set aside, and 'care, the other ladies of our household relieving them even the one dear hope of returning to her loved ones whenever school work would permit. July 4, four weeki had beèn relinquished, some one said to her, 'Do you re- from the day she came to us, she was placed in her long, gret now that you came to Japan?' In a clear voice she narrow bed. answered, 'It was the Lord's doings; I had nothing to say " Appropriate memorial services were held in Japanese about it.' She felt that though the physicians at home in the little native church in Tokio;.Rev. Mr. Harris and 36 THE GOSPEL IN ALL LANDS. Rev. Mr. Soper offciating. The chapel was beautifully decorated with .fowers and trailng vines, and the many Japanese present were deeply impressed by the solemn exercises. The funeral services proper were conducted, accordi to her own request, by Dr. Maclay, in the Union Church at Yokohama. . "Miss Higgin's work for Japan has just begun. The fragrance of her beautiful life wil be wafted throughout the length and breadth of this crescent island Empire.

With increased and far higher powers for usefulness, she, though unseen, wil stil be . our inspiration; for to her has been given already the gift oftongues, to her has been revealed all knowledge and all mysteries." .. . Christian Newspapers in Japan. By REv. M. C. HARRIS, of Japan. There are at present four Christian newspapers in Japan. Three of these, The "Shiehi Ichi Zappo," "Weekly Messenger," "I)endo Shimbun," "Missionary News" and "Rokugo Zashi," "Universal Magazine," are Protestant. The firilt has been in existence five years A Shrine of the Goddeø of Mercy in J apaD. and has accomplished a great amount of good. It is not fanaticism is extinct so long as carts laden with material entirely self-supporting, and is published under the au- for temple construction, are drawn to their destination spices of the American Board. by such means. Not only fifteen thousand mior tem- The other two were started last year. The "U niver- ples but the inhabitants of as many vilages in the south sal Magazine" is meeting with most gratifying success. and west are to-day combiniug their resources to build the monster monastery Houguwan at Kiyoto. Fabulus I learn from the Editor, that it is largely sold to persons acconnts of offerings of coin reach us from many provin- out-side the Christian churches. He has als~ received ces. Timber is of course the great desideratum and we many congratulatory letters from distingui~hed persons hear of colossal cedars making their way to the c:;pi- who commend the enterprize. This magazine proposes tal in carts to which three or four hundred people are to discuss Christianity in relation to science, literature, yoked by ropes of hemp and female hair." philosophy and art. It is very much needed as already TOKIYo, JAPAN, Feb. 28, lS8L. European and American scepticism are rife in the "New The Progress of Japan. Japan." Mil, Srencer, Huxley, and lately Tom Paine's The progress of Japan during the last decade is one "Age of Reason,' is on the lips of two thirds of the edu- of the most interesting features of contemporaneous de- cated men of Japan. velopement. The experiment of abolihing a feuda The Greek Christians publish also a bi-monthly maga- system around which all governmental institutions had zine but it is not likely to take a very high rank outside grown, reorg8:nizing a .military. system, esta'llihing ~ni- the Greek church converts, as their advancement in the versal education, and introducing modern internal Im- western sciences is very meager. provements such as railroads, telegraphs, etc., was cer- The Buddhists also publish several religious news- taily the most comprehensive work ever undertaken by papers, but these, judging from those I have seen, are a nation. The condition of Japan to-day is not wholly not very influential as they do not display a high de- satisfactory, but the advance is marvelous, and, consid- gree of ability.. Their range is exceedingly narrow. I erig the difculties involved, substantial and promiing. noticed some time since in one of these an advertise- Education is compulsory over the whole kigdom, and ment of "Tom Paine's Age of Reason," as an able refuta- the school-house is a familiar feature in the viages. tion of .the errors of Chritianity by one who was Universities and scientifc institutions have been estab- thoroughly competent to expose them. lished in many of the large cities. 150 miles of railoads Rev. Mr. P khurst, I believe stated that in his jour- have been laid, and more lines are in contemplation. ney around t world he saw no New Heathen Temples Telegraphic lines and cables make easy communication . in course of er ction. Many who have read these words with all important points. The military system has been have come to t conclusion that there is no vitality in reorganized, and although the armynum?e~s o.nly 35,000 Heathen forms religion. In Japan the Buddhists have men, it is said to be well equipped ~n~ disci~lied: The in course of er ction three monster temples-two in nary is in an equally sound condI~lOn. 'lhe rnendly Tokiyo and one in iyoto; which wil cost not less than feeling of the Japanese toward this country IS more two ,milions of dollars. The faithful believers are mak- marked than toward any other, and we shall show our ing even now what to a western mind seems incredible widom by maintainig it intact. The J apanese sc~ool sacrifices to build these places of worship. I take the system is almost entirely in the hands of AmeTIcan following from the Japan Mail as an ilustration in teachers and the larger number of Japanese who are point: sent abr~ad to be educated come to this country. About "One is reminded of the siege of Cartha~e when one 300 American missionaries are carrying forward the hears of women and girls cutting off their hair and weav- work of religious instruction through(;mt .the co~ntry, ing it into cords not for bow-strings, but for the more while the trade between the two countries is steadily in- ignoble purose of drag-ropes. Let no one say that creaing in volume.- Christian Union. THE GOSPEL IN ALL LANDS. 31

given elswhere in this magazine, under the report mae of the Jesit Missions in Japan. churches. The repor of the American Presbyrian gives 751 In the year 1549 Francis Xavier, the grt Jesuit missionary, members inste of 789. The Methodists claim 68 commun- went to Japan. His recption was not encouragig, a.d after cants, which is obtaned by adding 478 members and 160 proba about two year's labor he left the countr, but hi successrs reaped tioners. The Dutch Reformed Church report last month 822 a great harest. Withi thirty yeas the convert numbered members, inste of 369. The Society for the Propagation of the 150,000, and the churches 200. The Jesuits were found plotting Gospel, in their Anuii Report mae ii May, clai but 40 cofu- agait the thone, and the emperor in 1587 IB a decree of ex- municats instead of 208. The Union Church, compose of the pulsion agst them. Many were put to death At length, in American Presbyteri&n, Dutch Reormed Church, and the Scotc 1687, the Jesuits determinw to stre a last desperate blow for Unite Prebytrian Church, reports a membership of 781 men, freedom. They rose in Kiushiu, fortifed an old castle, and after 568 women, and 198 children, making a total of 1299, exclusive of two month's siege they were compelled to surnder, and 87,000 the chidrn, inte of 1195. In reference to the nuiber of mi- were massacred. For 280 years this incription &Ipeared on the sionares, the American Methodit Episcopii Church have 12 public notice-boards: ordaied missionaes instad. of 10. The Woman's Union have 4 "So long as the sun shall war the ear, let no Chritian be lady missionares inted of six ordained missionaries. The Meth- 13 bold as to come to Japan; and let all know that the King of odit Protetants have but one lady missionary instead of two. Spain himslf, or the Christian's God, or the Great God of all, if We refer to thee facts to show how diffcult it is to secur relible he violate this command, shal pay for it with hi head." statistic of misions, . .. Teahing Christianity In Japanese Schools. Distribution of Misionaries In Japan. The Japanes ar 'a clever little people. I say litle, beause in BY REV. FRAK S. DOBBINS. stature their men are not much bigger than our women. And they very soon began to find out that they cOlÙd lear many useful Island. Statio. Soiety. Mi8ri thngs from the nations who now called at their sea-port. They Yezw ...... Hakodati . . . American Methodist Episopii. . 3 wihed to obtain from them instruction in everything but religion. ,. .Church of England...... 1 So the Government engaged a clever American gentlema to teach. Nippon (or. . Niigata. ... .Edinburgh Medica Mision..... 1 in II large school, and when he arved they placed be.fore ~m a Hiodo). . . . ". . . . Church of England...... 1 paper to sign, saying that he would not spk of ChrlBtianlty for ... .Kanazawa. . American Presbytrian...... ,. 2 thee year. Mr. Clarke was much perplexed. He had spent al hi money in coming to Japan; if he did not agree to ths he might . . . . Tokio...... American Baptist Misi'ary Union 3 have hi appointment taken from him, and be left a beggar in a ...... Americàn Protestant Episopii. . 5 strange country. "You had bettr sign," said the interpreter, ...... Scotch United Presbyteri.. . . . 8 "this Governent won't give in " It was a hard matter. At last right conquered. "Tell the Government I ca't sign," said the . ... . America. Presbytrian...... 8 Chriti scholar; "i could not live thee years in a pagn country ...... America Dutch Reformed. . . . . 2 and keep silence on the subject nearest my heart." Was he sent ...... America Methodist Episcopal. . 6 away, do you think ? No the teher was too preious to be given '...... Church of :England...... 3 up; so the clause was struc'k out, and Mr. Clarke not only spoke ...... Canadian Methodist...... 2 of Chrtianty,, but, taught -Misit to the young menLife. under his charge. . . ' . . .English Baptist...... 1 . _ . . . . Evangelical Associa'n of America 2 Statistics of Misions in Japan...... Society Propagtion of the Gospel' 1 BY REV. FRK S. DOBBINS. _ . . . Y okoli. . American Baptist Missi'ar Union 4 . . American Board Com. For. Mi. 1 . .America Presbyterian...... 2 .; l ~ ~ . , . . America Dutch Reormed. . . . . 5 6i .;~:i.EI.i~" IŽ rJ" .; :l .8 ~ - iÆ:i .ai '" :l ~ ~ § '" . . America Woman's Unim:i...... 6 .. .;:lil.:;"S",g 0 .-8- . _ American Methodt.. Epispii. . 3 ~ 'E ~II ~ ~ 5= ~ 5.g t :3 ~ ¡. 0 ~ I~ Z C 0 a: '" a: 0 . . Reformed Church in Amerti. . . 1 . . American Methodist Protetat. . 2 American.' Prebytrian.1859 62i248..,.,...... ' 7R9:- 1 9 4 8 34869 1 3:-87 8 6 ~~~~fB~i;ë~'::FÖ~iirMiOBi~ñB:: ~:~ 1¡ '2i29 s 89 514 4 .210 414 . . Scotch N ational Bible Society. . . 2 America Prtestat Episcopal . 1859 8 21 8 1 16 77 1 94 2.. . . American Bible Society (in con- AmerlcaBaptlst.. ldlsslonar "...... Union...... 186 14 8 8'Š118 1 6- 19 7648 4782 1488 470 2 420 5 nection with China alo). . . . 1 Amen~n iienithodiet Episcopal...... 1~ 6...... 10 .... 1 80 1.. Womans U on...... 15 2 . . Society Propagtion of the Gospel, 2 German Evgelica Al!iation...... q. 1376 2.. 1... q , ...... J Refotmed Church in the U ni te 8 tate. .. 1879 1.. . .1...... 1...... Britih and Foreign Bible Sod'tv 1 CumberlandMethodt Prbytrian.... Protestt ...... 188 .. 1877 q 2..2.. 2...... q.. . q...... q.q 1.... _ _ Newton Mission...... , ...... 1 Amercan Bible SocIetY" , ...... 187.. 8..,...... , ...... " . . Cumberland Presbyterian. , . . . . . 2 Can aM eo...... th dlst ..... , ...... q 187.... 8,.,..11869 8 ô1 I.. 10.. 22586 9 2....146 52 102 _.. .Numadu.. . Canadian Methodt...... - 1 Chnrch Milslonary Society...... ' .. .. 208 8 2 6 Society Prpation GospeL...... 1878 2 8 21 q ...... _ . . Kofu ...... Canadian Methodt...... 1 Bdlbnrh MedicaL...... ,...... 1874 ." 1,., q 2 81...... 21 5S Scotch Unite Presbytrian...... 1874 8 118.. Ô ...... Kobe ...... American Board Com. For. Mi. 9 English Baptist...... q ... 1878 I..!.... 1 ...... 1.. _ _ . . _ . . . . . Society Propagation of the Gospel 1 Scotch National Bible SocIety...... -...... 2'...... Soc. Propagtion Female Ednca. in East. ,. q .. ..1 1 .. ..., ...... Kioto ...... America Board Com. For. Mis. 5 Britih and Foreign Bible Society...... 188 .: j.: .: .:. . .: :. .: .: . . . . Osaka...... American Boa Com. For. Mi. 9 TotaL...... q...... 75 2196184 148 :~12 81162 36 76 . _... _America Protestat Episopii.. 7 Missionaies...... 176 Exclnding wives...... 128 .., .. . Society Prom. Fem. Ed. in East. 1

. _. .. Church. of England...... 2 Statiscs. . _ ...... _ . Evangelica Ascia'n of America 1 We have given on this pag the Statitics of Miions and Dis- " ... .Okayama _. _American Boar Com. For. Mis. 4 trbution of Mission&ries of Japan, as compiled by Rev. Mr. Dob- Kiushiu,. . _ .Nagas . . _ American Dutch Reformed.. . . . 2 bins and published in the FWein Miu Manua in May. _ . _ Amercan Methodst Episcopii. . 1 Mr. Dobbin was formerly a missiona in Japan, and anticipates .. Church of England.. : ...... 2 retug theiè, and it il probable the figus have ben carefully prepard. We find, however, that they var from some of thos Tota...... ,...... 123 38 THE GOSPEL IN ALL LANDS.

dents which show the good done in the Sunday-school of Bilbao by the little papers and and the Gospel teaching. ($tlttaI 1 ttfittllfS. One scholar asked permsion to pray in the school, and quite astonihed the teachers by the fervor and propriety The Origin of Christian Missions. of his petitions. He afterwards repe~ted the exercises BY REV. J. M. KNOWLTON, in the congregation. Two girls, who live at a great dis- Formerly a Missionar in China_ tance, not only attend the school regularly, but are also Christian missions did not originate with the forma- present at every service of the church, includig that tion of the numerous modern missionary societies; nor held on a week-day evening. These are some of the with any of the great names of modern missions, as fruits of a school in a town where it was thought impos- Carey, M~rrison, Judson, and others; nor even with the sible to hold, one. coming of Christ himself into the world on his great mis- A flourishing school in Matamoras, Mexico, is reported sion of love. Christian missions did not have their origin by Mrs. J. G. Hall, of Brownsvile, Texas. It contains on this earth, or in time. Far back in the counsels of the nearly two hundred scholars, whom she calls "highway triune God, long before it was said, "Let us make man and hedge chidren." One of these recently refused to in our image, after our likeness," before "the morning let his aunt have a toy stag, which had been given him in stars sang together, and all the sons of God shouted for the "Sunday-school, lest she should make an idol of it and joy" over the newly created world; before it was said, worship it. Two girls, both, Christians, became victims- " behold the man is become as one of us, to know good to small-pox; one died, the other was left perfectly blind. and evil," the Father, Son and Holy Spirit, foreseeing She bears her affiction like a little saint, and beguiles man's fall, had compassion upon him in his prospectively the time by quoting Scripture passages learned in the ruined state, and took counsel together to determine a schooL. plan for his recovery. Then the enquiry arose: "Whom The Sunday-school of the Waldensian Church, in Na- shall w.e send, and who wil go for us ?" Then the Son ples, under the care of Jean Pons, has been subjected to responded: "Lo, I come to do Thy will, 0 God I" And some persecution as the hands of the priests. Six girls the Father "spared not his own Son, but delivered him were invited by them into the sacristy, and there ques- up for us alL." He" so loved the world that he gave his tioned, first as to whether they attended the school, then only begotton Son, that whosoever believeth on him should as to what they learned there. They were assured, by not perish, but have everlasting life." There, then, be- their interlocutor that they would "surely go to the fore the foundation of the world, in the love and counsel devil," and he then commenced tearig up the Bibles of the triune God, we find the origin of Christ's mission which they carried. In deférence to their sobs he de- to save the lost; and here too we find the source and in- sisted, and offered each a new dress and a pair of ear- spiration of all those movements in the world, which have rings if she would leave the school; but all his efforts for their object the renovation and salvation of men. were in vain. The parents, however, finally took their That counsel of the three persons of the blessed Trinity three children away, and gave up their Bibles to be may be styled the first missionary meeting, and Christian- burned. ity itself was to all intents and purposes a mission-the Italy seems. at last to be waking up to the temperanoo fit, original Christian mission, eminating from the great question, and Mr. Pierre Luquet, of Spezzia, fills his let- heart of Love, for" God is LQve." ter with some of the evil effects of wine-drinking, giving,. in especial, one anecdote of a man very much addicted Foreign Sunday School Asiation. to strong drink, who attended the evangelical services.. The Foreign aunday School Association held its month- became a converted man, aud was completely cured of ly meeting June 2, at 42 Monroe Place, Brooklyn. A- the evil appetite. mong those pr ent, other than the regular members, The Rev. A. Seitte reports six Sunday-schools at Mont were Mr. Lee 0 the American Sunday.school Union, and Lucon, France, three of which he has recently founded. Mis Wilson, re rned from mission work in Japan. A tiny little school of ten scholars has been confided to A letter from iss S. S. Ross, of Puerto Santa Maria, M. Cherbonneau, at Marsiley, the only annex of La

,. Spain, speaks of t e increased number of scholars in at- Rochelle, while from that city of Reformation memories tendance upon th nday-school, over one hundred itself Madame Good writes of a fine school of one- being now registered. Many of these come from the hundred pupils, with ten female and two male teachers. Roman Catholic school, although there is a good Protes- Mr. McAll has opened meetings in Rochelle, but as yet tant population. The missionares could do no work with little fruit. The dead Protestants need arousing. without schools. EI Amigo (the child's paper) is a great Reports from Hungary this month are good. Pastor help; its engravings teach where its words cannot be A. Lang's school, organized at St. Martin last Trinity read. There was recently an all-day meeting of young Sunday, has thirty scholars, and is doing well. men from the neighboring vilages. Füty or sixty were -So S. Times. present, and enjoyed much of the divine presence. This meeting is to be made an annual one, and great results The Italian Methodist Episcopal Church occupies 11) are expected ,from it. Mr. Mayorga recoun ts some inci. towns, and has about 1,000 members. THE GOSPEL IN ALL LANDS. 39 ~ Items as to Missionary Work in Erzroom Field, Turkey. tion of daylight, but, like Nicodemus of old, came by night to " hear more of these things." BY REV. R. M. COLE, OF TURKEY. Now we are happy to point to a well-organied Prot. In Melikan vilage the Gregorian priest becomes dis- estant community there, having 23 males over 20 years couraged and closes his church for a time. Cause why; of age, and a regular attendance on the Sabbath of 50 to so many of his flock are inclined to attend the Protestant 75 hearers. Nine of their number are giving upwards òf service and send their children to a teacher that could $300 for building a chapeL. Think of that for poor instruct them in something more than the meaningless peasants inhabiting the table lands of this impoverished jargon of the old church. Finding the people could land. One of the contributors is a Mohammedan whQ stand the deprivation of his ignorant church ministra- espoused this new cause one-and-a"half years since, and tions the venerable ecclesiastic sets about some more puts into the treasury for the chapel object $50. The aggressive acts whereby he may put a stop to their gad- reader must be aware of how various Mohammedans ding after one that was in danger of taking from him a have undergone persecution for their Protestantism in living. He forbids the people to have anything to do other places. In the meeting of enquiry Hussein (for with this Protestant teacher on the penalty of losing the this is the man's name), was reminded of danger from rites of baptism, communion, marriage, etc. Not suc- persecution and the question was put, "If he had to ceeding in this he makes an unsuccessful attempt to con- choose between death with Christ and life with' pros- quer by argument; Perceiving that all his devices are perity." His quiet answer was, "Death with Christ." of no avail, he writes to a higher church offcial in the " But," said the questioner, "remember, it may be perse- next town to send down upon this renegade flock the cution, torture and crl death." "Then," said he, "I go thunderbolts of his wrath. ' Instead, he gets it back upon towards Christ." This answer deeply affected the audi- his own head, and henceforth subsides into such a status enqe, who are all alive to his real danger, aDd many were as to allow the little Protestant flock to have peace and moved to tears. prosperity most encouraging. There have been some 35 Another interesting case there is that of a blind brother scholars in our school, together with full and interesting who sometimes leads the meeting. He has committed to meetlngs oi, the Sabbath. The spirit of the cause seemed memory most of the Gospels and some of the Prophets, to make an impression in an adjacent vilage. They had so that he arises and announces the chapter and repeats, the habit, as is common to a great extent in all this land, as if reading it, most accurately from beginning to end. of blaspheming one another. They came to feel that These, as well às many other things very interesting, this was not only a sin but a base shame, and resolved to might be mentioned of this comparatively new work, try to head it off. For this purpose they formed a li~tle which gives us much encouragement. society, which might be called a W ord-Correcting ERZROOM, TURKEY, May 7, 1881. Society, and whenever one of their number was caught in the us'e of any such bad words he was to be fined 5 The People of India. pias. (20 cents), and the money to go for. benevolent,pur- The people are very wiling to hear anyone, of any poses. Who in the Western World w~ll c~rry out this creed on, any subject, related. remotely . to religiOn.". Last idea aDd head a Word Society whose obJect it shall be to evening I saw five congregations at the same tune witnil cút short profanity, together with other improper expres- the Ìimits of one of our public squares, listening to as sions, following it up by the healthy rejoiner of financial many different preachers. At anot,her place in the north sacrifce, that thus there may be a "bridle put to the end of the city stil larger audiences liten to pr~chers tongue! " of four different faiths. Other meeting are held II halls Some ten years ago our attention was first called to and other public places. The missionaries of the O.xford the village of Pakarich in the we~tern p~rt of o~r .field, Mission have been delivering a seri~s of lectures il the lÌnd we directed our helper at Erzingan City to visit the Albert Hall and 'one of the Bengalee churches, and have place. He found the good seed borne as it were by birds made' a favorable impression on a considerable portion of had already taken root. Poor shepherd boys had become their hearers. But in the midst of all the talk one hears so enamored of our spiritualsòngs which some of their there is a lamentable want of downright earnestness. A number had h. ea:d Constantinop~e way that~ey were thousand men can be found who will talk eagerly about of the t?ousa~d singing and playing them 000 their crude flu , as they the "truths of religion," but not one seriously proposes to let àny truth or truths subJec~ h~ tended their flocks on the hilside. About a ear later to an hour's discomfort, or change the. current of his hfe we sent a. helper to reside in the vilage. ~ storm of to the slightest possible extent.-India, Bombay Guar- persecution at once arose. The. gochnag that had been dian. iounded to call the people together was taken down and the Protestant teacher driven amid pelting of stones An Indian fakir, having been converted to the Gospel, from the place. We were able, however, to ?et pre~ty stil occupies a position by the side of a great tho:Oui~- fare, but instead of standing on one.foot and holding is prompt redress, and the guilty parties were punished,wIt? hand above his head for hours at a time, as before, he ~as re-instatement of the teacher. It was not long after thi built a little chapel, and dug a well, w~ere he e?tertams that we had the pleasure of visiting the place. Few passers-by with a cooling draught, while he discourses life. dared brook the affrontery of enemies under the revel a- to them of the waters of eternal 40 THE GOSPEL IN ALL LANDS. used to our ways, and you might thought- that I ca," thougbt Woo; "and wouldn't c£bilònu' ø lhpartmmf. lessly pass it." the mouse-traler like to have a blossom?" "Of course I wouldn't!" exclaimed Woo, So he gave a flower to a man exhibiting red with the pride of honesty, and with half a dozen little mice. He then went to Woo's New Year's Day in Tokio. some indignation also. the toy-marcbant's store, made a purchase, And yet he did' pass it. I wil tell you and Bted for home. Meeting a magician, . in Tokio," sad little Woo. In how it was. be gave him a posy also. " AND Ihis am satisfaction to spend New he feltYea's so daygrd Woo went into the street to find a toy- He now had one blossom left on hiB dwarf and big that no room in Japan could have shop, where he could buy something for a peach. As he was going to hiB uncle's, held hi, had he actually been as large as little boy at home. It did not sem to be a whom should he meet but another maquer- he felt. street, though, only a long play-ground, ader! The flrst mask had a little head and "i wonder what they wi do to-morrow fllled with chiÌdren, skipping, dancing, an immense nose; the second had an im- morning, uncle To?" playing, shouting-for is not New Year's mense head and a very little nose. If the "That"-and here uncle To made a fun- the children's day in Japan? first nose were lie a pumpkin stuck onto a ny fac, raisng his eyes and pulling down "Hark! what iB that?" asked Woo. walnut, the second was like a walnut stuck his mouth- "that iB tellg." Travellng along, his flower-pot in hiB onto R pumpkin. To the man with the You must know that To was Woo's un- arms, he heard a wild, strange humming; huge head Woo gave hiB last blossom. cle, to whose house in Tokio Woo had and the humming was in the air I The "Thank you," said the man. "If you come to spend the Japanes New Yea. sound floated down from a host of kites of are tired, get inside my head, and I wil "Come out and see the streets New Yea's all sizes and styles. They were in the form carry you." eve," said Woo's cousn. of women, or soldiers, or birds, or dragons. Woo screamed and ran home. But when How briiant they were I A thin strip of Bamboo iB stretched across he got there, he mised the false money, The people had closed up the old year by the kite, and that iB the piano-chord that the bright medal! cleaning their houses from top to bottom; the wind thrums upon. "Oh, dear me! I have cheated someboy, and then what decrations there were in the "What a lot of kites!" said Woo. "But and I shal get him into trouble I" door-ways! On either side of uncle To's who is thiB? What are you doing?" Woo was very honest. Baclt he ra, his door WliS a bamboo-tree. A wreath of rice "i am tryng to sell these kites." dwarf tree, without a blossom, in his arms. went swingig from one to the other, ruddy It was a little fellow with a pinched face, First he must find the little kite-merchant. with oranges, and flashig with gilt, and who had thre kites, in the form of flshes, Alas 1 he was gone. Had Woo cheate the among the New Yea emblems what should that he wanted to selL toy-merchant, though? He mus~ go to his there be but a lobster I "Nobody wants to buy," he said, "be- store. He found a great hubbub there. A Not only had people been cleanng their cause I am from the country, and they say little fellow was crying, an old woman was houses, but cleaing their accunt books they don't want homely kites. But they sobbing, the toy-merchant was red in the and paying their debts, that they might be- willgo as nice as Tokio kites, and ü I can -face with anger, and there was the dreadul gin the New Yea arght. sell some, I can buy a toy for my granny policeman! The latter wore a frock coat, All the evening the gret city was bright over there." pants trmed with yellow, and a round with lanterns. How they twikled and There was the old lady, a fan in one hand ,Europe cap, like the night-duty cap of flashed, as ü the stars had let themselves and all umbrella in the other, and on her the New York police. out to the Japanese, and were now spark- back was II bundle of thick clothing, wrap- "Youril!" he said to the little boy. ling everywhere! pe in oil-paper, and handy in cae of bad "you tried to pass a bad piece of money on Little Woo felt that he could not wait weather. the toy-merchant!" unti mornng to se the other sights, but, "Poor fellow I" sad Woo, pityingly and "Oh, sir, I came from the countr. I did like other mortals, he was obliged to wait. like a grdpa.. "I'll buy of you. And not know what you used here." He was awake, though, by sunrise, and don't you want some flowers? Here are "And it is al so," said the old lá.dy. found himself in a Babel of New Year's two for you, and two for your granny. "He iB my grandson, and I know." greetings, while presents frm one to the Now for the kites. Tkour?" ("How "Tut, tut I you must go to prin," sad other in the family circle were going about much ?") he asked. the policeman. as thck as swalows in spring-tie. The kitemerchant named hiB price. "Booh-ooh 1" sobbed the boy. "Boh- "Th is for you, Woo." While Woo was feeling in hi pocket for ooh I" sobbed the old lady. "Oh-h-hl uncle To, how ~ood you are I" his money, a man with a funny mak came Honest Woo was frightened to thk he It was a cunni g little peach-tree in a along, followed by a crowd of little chi- migbt go to prisn for pasing bad money, flower-pot, cover with blossoms. It had dren. He had a little hea, but an immens ü found out; but he said, "Let me see the been stinted in its food, stinte in its water, nose, and the nose was bigger than the money, pleae." It was the medal! itinted in its light. It made up its mind head. It mae one think of a pumpkin . 'i am sorr to say that my uncle To gave finally to submit to being a dwarf, and was stuck onto a walnut. The man was selling me this, and I gave it to the kite-merchant now humble enou to be growing in a charms to the chidren, which, he said, by mistake. A man with a big nose came 'porcelai pot. Woo d car the pot in would protet their homes. along and frightened me." hi arm. He was only in the fason, ~'What a ROsel" exclaied Woo, and he "Yes, I did. That iB so. Booh-h-h!" though, for every one in Japan has flowers was so much interested in looking at it Woo looked up, and there above his hea in the hous on New Ye/üs day. tht he did not notice caefuy what he had was the immens nose. "And here iB somethg else, Woo. It pulled out of hi pocket and given to the "i am afrad it wil drop on me." looks very much like money, only it iB not. kite-merchant. The people al laughed. It iB just a kid of bright medal; I wante "Won't you have a flower?" said Woo to "The toy-merchat whispered to the po- to give it to you. Look out, though, and the masuerader. liceman, "i gues it's al right. To iB hi don't mix it with your money, and caeless- The man, in his profound gratitude, uncle, a man of money, and he might make ly pass it." bowed so low that Woo thought he would you lose your place." "Of coure not," said Woo. "That would hit the ground with his nose, and Woo gave "Humph, humph I" said the policeman, be dionest." a delighted scea. il a. spirt unlike anytng sen in America. "i know you feel so; but you are not "Now I must make al the people happy "It's al riiht, folks. Clear out of here. THE GOSPEL IN ALL LANDS. 41 What are you in here for? Out witl you." so easy to get rid of the foreIgners as they bles, constitute all the furnture of a room. Glad to show his importace in. some had supposed, and which they hoped to AN. Don't they have any chair or way, he drove the people out, a thing never accomplish br the revolution. The foreign beds? ' countries which had made treaties with Ja- UNCLE No; their mats serve them for done in America. pan would not destroy them, so they had both chairs and bes. With a block of . "Let's make a procession," shouted some. to make the best of it, and let them alone. wood for a pilow, on which he places a one, "and go home with Honest Woo!" BERTIE. Did they treat the foreigners small pad, and sometimes only a piec of , well after that? Firt went the policeman, in solitary paper, the Japanese stretches himslf out on UNCLE. Yes; and to make their associa- hi mat and sleeps as comfortably as we dò pomp. Then came the man with the big tions 'lith them easier and pleasanter, they in our soft beds. head and litle nose, followed by the man tried to learn foreign ways; sent their young BERTIE. Well, I don't think I could sleep with the little head and immense nose. men to America, and other countries, to be at all if I had no better bed and pilow. Then came the mouse-trainer, the magician, educated. and hired forei.i teachers to UNCLE. I don't think it would exactly the little kite-merchant, and then his gran- take charge of their schools II Japan. suit me, either; but if it suits them it is cer- ' ny, Each person had one blossom, if not BERTIE. Where does the Mikado live? tainly a very simple and inexpensive way, two. Littte Woo followed, carrying a UNCLE. At Tokio, the capital of Japan. ani they don't require much money to fur- peach-tree without abloSBom. A big crowd Before the war, the Mikado was never seen nish .their houses when beginnng house- rushed behind. because his person was considered too sacred keeping. . At Woo's uncle's house the man with the to be looked upon; but after he became su- BERTIE. What kind of a religion do the big head and little noiie stepped forward. preme ruler, he gave up his secluded life, Japanes have? He took off his big head, and there was and now appears in public on all suitable UNCLE. The native religion of Japan is uncle To! occasions. Shintooisn. They haTe a great many gods "Dear friends, I put on this head to dis- ANNIE. How do the people travel in Ja- called Kain, and every god has a temple. guise myself, and' see how generous my pan, uncle? There are no imges or idols, but on the ephew would be with his flowers. He was UNCLE. They have diferent modes of altar of the temple there is a mior, which ~areless about the false money, but rectified travellng. Since foreigners entered the represents the spirit of the god, with a piece it; and to reward his' honesty I give him country they have built two railroads; and of white paper, as an emblem of purity. this piece of gold, big as the medal, and ther have a carriage called the jin-riki-sha Once a year each god holds a festival, here's one for that little boy, and one for which was invented by an American and when fruit, rice, and other articles of hi granny. Woo kindly gave me his last which is very popular, and is now' seen food, are presented to him in beautiul blossom. so here is a new tree, all covered everywhere. It is like a lar~e baby-carriage, vases, and a bell over his head is rug to with blossoms." holds but one person, and is drawn by one attract his attention whie the offerings are "Three cheers!" they all shouted. or more men. Then they have the cango being made. What a nice New Yea's day that was!- which is a box made of light wood, slung ANNIE. Have they no idols or image Ohu1'chman. on a pole, and carried by two coolies. A then which they worship? larger and more aristoratic vehicle is the UNCLE. Oh yes; the Buddhists are an- norimon. It is like a covered carriage other religioùs sect, and they have one Å Missionary Dialogue on Japan. without wheels, slung on a pole, and cared hundred thousand templed, each contaning BY, SOPHI S. SMIT. by four coolies. The princes of Japan used a statue of Buddha. The greatest Bud- UNCLE JOHN. Good evening, young peo- to travel in that kind of a carriage. dhist idol in Japan is Dia Butz. He is ANNI. Are the Japanese like the Chi- made of bronze, fifty feet high, is hollow, pIe!' i with a chapel fitted up inside, where thous- , BERTI. I'm so glad you have come, un- nese? cle. UNCLE. They look soqiething ale, but ands of pilgrims go to worship and say their ANN. So am I, for you promised to tell they are more refined and intellgent than prayers. . us al about your trip to Japan. the Chinese, and are much cleaner in their BERTI. Is it true that they have a pray- UNCLE. Ah, that's it. You are not glad habits, They treat their women better than ing machine in Japan? to see me for myself, but only for the sae the Chinese do, though even that would UNCLE. Yes; they have a stone wheel of hearig an interesting story. seem unkind to us. set in a high post, with numerous lets ANNI. Weare real glad to see you any- À.. How do they treat them? and figues on the sides. When a man way, but we would like to hear something UNCLE. A woman in Japan is regarded wants to say hi prayers he gives the wheel about Japan, too. !1 inferior to her husband. A man is a turn, and every time it revolves 8 pmyer UNCLE. Well, I suppose you know where ashamed to be sen walking out with his is recrded in heaven to his credt. In Japan is. wife, and if he does so she must walk be- some places they have mahinery to turn BERTIE. It is in the Pacifc Oce east hind him like a servant. At night she the wheel, and the people can say their of China. ' goes before him with a lantern, and at prayers without trouble or labor. ANNI. I thought it was in Asia. meals !lhe waits upon him until he is through , À.. Don't they know any better than 'UNCLE. The empire of Japan is a part of eating, and. then eats afterwar. But they to pray in that way? ' Asia, but consists of numerous islands sIt- seem to be contented with their lot, and get UNCLE. Most of them do not; and they uated in the Pacific Ocean. alo'ng quite happily together. have as much faith'in their religion, fals BERTIE. Is it as large as Chia? .BERTIE. I sh-ouldn't think the children though it be, as we have in ours. UNCLE. No, but it is a good 'siz coun- would enjoy themselves very much in a BERTI. Are there no missionares out try contang thty-five miions of people. country'where their mothers were treated there to teach them better? BERTI. I have heard that they have in that way. UNCLE. Yes; the first misionaries went two kigs in Japan. U NCLE. Well, they are' not used to any, to Japan twenty years ago. At fi they 'UNCLE. They only have one emperor other way, and as they don't know any bet- did not meet with much success, but dur- now. Formerly there were two emperors ter, have no cause to be unlppyover it. ing the last eight or ten yea Christianity one called the Tycoon, being subordinat~ The children in Japan have their toys has made rapid progrss Twenty relig- to the real emperor, called the Miado. games, and festival, and are quite as happý ious societies are now represented in J a.ian, À.. Why don't they have a Tycoon as the children of other countries. . The and they have one hundred and six now? girls have a "Fe!1t of Dolls" once a year missionaries at wòrk. There are fi UNCLE. Well, the Tycoon alowed for- when th$y nl.' g out al the dolls that hav.~ churches, three thou¡nd members, and a eigners to come into the countr to which been pr ed in the family ,for years, Christian community of eight thousad. the Mikado was opposed. He ~hed to dresse lords and ladies, and go through A.. Have they any schools? keep them all out, and took the Tycoon al the fo . of cour life. The boys have UNCLE. Yes; schools, colleges, and dis- and his party to task for admitting them a "Feat of Flags," when they tie a huge pensaries have been. establihed, the Bible This, with one thin.$ and another red to ~ paper fish 'on the top of a high pole and let h!1 been translated, religious books are pub- war, in which th Tycon was /)v~rtown it float in the air. They have toys and lished a Chtian newspaper. ià printe, and the Mikado beame supreme ruler of gaes, and enjoy it as much as our boys and they recognie the Christian Sabbath as the countr, do the Fourth of July. a hoHday. Nine years ago the fi, churh BERTI Did the Mikao drve the for- Å:. What kind of houses do the J ap- was buit in Japan and the native Chri- eigners out, then? anese live in? tians of the Sandwich Islands sent the fit UNCLE. No; he and his pary alowed UNCLE. Their hous ar bult of light thousand dollars to build it. Since then theJl to remain, and gave up to them even wood, generay one story, sometimes two, the gòod work has ben going on; and let more than the Tycoon had done. divided into rooms by foldig screens which us pray that it may not stop here, but Am. Why did he do so? can be change at pleasure. Severa thck keep spredin~ until every human sonl is UNCLE. Well, they found that it was not mats on the floor, with one or two low ta- embraed within the fold of Chrst. 42 THE GOSPEL IN ALL LANDS. cation is far from being Christian. It is an hour in J apaD when eternal iSBues hang upon the education of a single ((~ti ($øsPl!f in aU lands; generation. Miss Bird, the gifted authoress of Unbeate Tracks in Japan, the most recent work on that country, AN EVANGELOAL MONTHY MAGAZ and one of great interest and freshness, closes her second volume with this striking picture of the religious situa- ,~ 'ninairsaJ lissitU1S+ tion: "Of the sh3.dows which hang upon the horizon of J a- pan, the darkest, to my thinking, arises from the fact ~l1ungtlitat. ~iuttuomiiuititJnut. that she is making the attempt, for the first time in her TERMS:-Twenty-five cents for single numbers, or $2.50 per history, to secure the fruits of Christianity without trans- planting the tree from which they spring. The nation yea, postage prepaid, to all subscribers residing in the Unite States, is sunk in immorality, the millstone 'of Orientalism hangs Dominion of Canada, Great Britain and Ireland, British India, round her neck in the race in which she has started, and France, Germany, Spain, Portugal, Sweden, Switzerland, Persia, her progress is political and intellectual rather than mor- Japan, Turkey, the post offces at Hong Kong, Canton, Amoy, al; in other words, as regards the highest destiny of Ningp, Shanghai and Hankow in China, and all óther countries and man, individually or collectively, it is at present a fail- colonies included tn the Universal Postal Union. To all others the ure. The great hope for her is that she may grasp the postage wil be an additional charge. To Clergyen, Theological truth and purity of primitive Christianity, as taught by Students, and Missionaries, it wil be sent, postage free, for $2.00. the lips and life of our Lord Jesus Christ, as resolutely Subscriptions are payable in advance, and should be sent by as she has grasped our arts and sciences; and that, in checks on New York, or Post. offce orders payable to Eugene R. the reception of Christianity, with its true principles of Smith, or by registered letters. manliness and national greatness, she may become, in the highest sense, 'The Land of the Rising Sun,' and NEW YORK, JULY, I881. the light of Eastern Asia." The Crisis in Japan. The Russian Church and its Mission in Japan. The wonderful story of New Japan has not yet ceased It may not be generally known that the largest body to charm and interest the world. It is one of the of Christian converts in Japan is connected with the romances of modern history and modern missions. The Greek Church. The mission embraces over 6,000 mem- revolution has been so sudden and complete, and the bers, and works harmoniously, it is said, with the English breaking away from old ideas and customs so radical, and American missionaries. A writer in the last number that wise and observant Christians have watched with of the Foreign Church Chronicle give an account of the painful solicitude to see whether true Christian culture missionary spirit and evangelical character of the Russian or godless scienoe and philosophy should give direction Church, which is more encouraging than we could have to the newly awakened and plastic mind and character hoped for. He states that there exists a vigorous mis- of this intellgent people. There has been much to en- sionary society in the Russian Church, with a branch in courage and re-assure; many of the principal schools are every diocese, of which the Bishop is the head. The late under the care of Christian men; many of the leading Metropolitan of Moscow, Innocent, was a remarkai)le men are themselves favorable to Christianity, and some example of missionary devotion, having labored for of them have been educated in Europe and America; the forty-five years in Kamschatka and Alaska as a self-deny- progress of C ristianity has been more rapid than in any ing evangelist, and finally 'organized the Missionary other Eastern ounty; a Christian literature is gradually Society of the Russian Church, of which he was the first growing up; t e New Testament is now translated into President. There is also a Missionary Training School Japanese and i circulated by tens of thousands of copies; at Kazan, for the education of foreign laborers. Dr. and during. the ast year there have been some quite re- Hale, the author of the paper referred to, speaks in high markable popular movements iii the direction of Chris- terms of the increasing intelligence and piety of the . tianity. As many as four thousand persons have met for Russian clergy, especially of the growing interest in the a whole day in the open air in Tokio to discuss the Chris- study of the Bible, which has recently been translated tian religion, a company of educated natives have in- and widely circulated under the auspices of the Russian vited the missionary at Kobe to give a public lecture in Synod. Se-yeral commentaries of considerable value are the theatre, and other instances of witespread popular in- also published, and the Czar himself signalized the com- tenist in the new faith have occured. So strong is the native pletion of this great work of Bible translation by the dread of the new religion that societies have been organ- significant utterance, "I pray God to show the saving ized in which the members bind themselves under solemn power of His Holy Word in making the Russian people oath never to embrace Christianity. The homage of fear go forward in truth and piety." Over against the some- is often as significant as love. g\t the same time there what gloomy picture of Oriental Christianity we gave is no doubt that sceptical literature is widely circulated last month, we are glad to place these gleams of dawn- and eagerly read, and that the revival of culture and edu- ing hope and light. THE GOSPEL IN ALL LANDS. 43

Call to a Great MissIonary Movement. dence has placed at the Church's hand. The work that is One of the wisest and most successful ministers of our t.o be d.one for Japan, for China, for Mexico, for India. American Church and one well-known as a trusted should be done at once, for a few years wil stamp the '. character of these awaking nations for all time. It is leader in the great missionary cause, has just written a letter to the religi.ous press containing the startling propo- most humiliating to look at the mighty movements of. sition: "I wish, by voice and by aid of the press, to set God's providence, and then find that the ten millions of forth a practicable business proposition, that before the American Christians are giving aJ? average of about twenty cents a-piece per annum year 1900 the Gospel shall be preached to every living to follow up these solemn souL" He then proposes that the whole Church shall calls, and send the Gospel to a waiting world. unite upon a wise systematic plan, dividing the field and The Foreiin MissIons of the Presbyterian Churh North. .organizing the forces to cover the whole ground; and The report presented to'the Nor.thern Assembly at easily shows that by the contribution of five dollars Buffalo by the Foreign Mission Board was full of en- eaèh, annually, from ten millons of Christians (and this couragement. The sum of $557,000 had been expended in is but one-tenth .of the total number in the Protestant the work during theyear,-more than ever before,-and Churches, and scarcely more than can be found in Àmerica the percentage of cost for the the executive work, indud- alone), the sum of fifty milions of dollars could be ob- ing salaries and offce expenses, was only four per cent. tained, and fifty thousand missionaries sent forth in one The debt with which the year began was extinguished, grand world-embracing army of holy aggression and and a balance of $9,000 left in the treasury. Over fifty human salvation. He show! with much force that such missionaries had been sent out during the year, and the a movement is wholly practicable and would be in entire increase of c.onverts in foreign lands was nearly two harmony with all the gigantic enterprises of .our age, in thousand, or a gain of about sixteen per cent. This has commerce, industry and every department of human life. been the average increase in the various foreign mission We need scarcely say that we hope this proposition wil fields in the past tenyeàrs, while the increase in the be weighed by Christian men as more than a dream of Church at home has been less than one-fourth of this enthusiasm. It is not the first time the thought has been ratio. The thoughtful men of the Church' were pro- breathed by the Sp¡irit of God into the heart of His foundly impressed, by this fact, with the conviction that. Church. Many years ago Mr. Matheson, one of the God is pointing with unmistakable finger. aÌJr~ad to the most honored laymen of the British Church, and the wide and perihing world as the true direction of our chairan of one of the grèat Missionary Boards of Eng- work, and the chief object, indeed, for which our home land, boldly presented it as the true policy of the Church work should be maintained. Almost everywhere at to make such a world-wide advance upon the open fields home comes tbe cry of spiritual leth~rgy and religious- of heathendom. And the first number of this Magazine, apathy. Everyhere abroad is heard the appeal, "the- in urging this large hearted conception, contained the field is white to the harvest." 0 that the Church would following words: "We want more loftiness of aim, more cease to say" there are yet four months and then cometh largeness of design, more sympathy with the great heart harvest." God's time is now, and the w.orld's need is for and vast purposes of Christ for the Church he loves, and the present and passing hour. The work of this power- the world he has redeemed. We want more holy enthu- ful Church now encirCles the globe. It is very effciently siasm to realize and to embrace the great _opportunity of administered. It is a pity, however" that .one of its elo-, our age. We want business men to learn that the gi:eat quent and able secretaries or. ministers c.ould not afford end of business and of the Church's existence is the con- the time to visit the leading churches of the country an- quest of sin and the triumph of Christ. 'We want nually, to present the condition and claims of t~is ~ork thoughtful men to awake to the utter inadequacy of all ana rouse the people to that enthusiasm which is disap- oùr present attempts to meet the design of God, the pearing from all our public assemblies R:ld the ~opular wants of men, or the opportunities of the Church. We heart, imd confining itself, if indeed it still survives,. to want our people to receive with. all gravity the serious the Woman's Society or the privacy of the Executive proposition of a Christian layman in England that the Board. The Foreign Missionary, the magazine of this Church at home should send, not one in five h~red of Church, is unsurpassed in ability and inte,rest by any of her ministers t.o the heathen, bùt one in five~ n t a strag- the denominational periodicals, but the priited page can gling broken line of a few hundred, but a might 01lt of never take the pla.ce of the living voice. many thousands to claim the whole world foi: Him who has opened every door, and laid the victory at our feet. The Church's Hour and Opportunity. Such a movement would silence infidelity, revive the "Redeeming the time" has been Lappily traiisl~ted in Church, impress the heathen world with the truth of the margin of our Revised New Testament "buying up Christianity, and bring the Lord Himself from heaven." the opportunity." It is a valuable investme~t, suddenly It is obvious that our present policy of gradual advance coming within our reach, which to-morrow will be beyond is utterly inadequate to meet the wants of a generation our grasp, but which ere long will be worth t~n-fold t.he which wil be dead before we shall have reached it, and present cost. The wise capitalist will buy .i~ up with to fill the measure of opportunity which God's provi. eager forethought; and on such opportunities great 44 THE GOSPEL IN ALL LANDS. futures, usually turn. The presènt time is one of unpre- them. The Master has left no doubt of His wil in the cedented opportunity for the Church of Christ, and one matter; the readiness of the Divine Spirit to co-operate of oritical importance in the history of many nations. cannot be questioned. 0 for the Sons of "Issachar who Never before was it such a privilege to live. If we take had understanding' of the times to know what Israel the literal meaning of the word opportunity-an open ought to do." 0 for the breath of power that wil con- port-never were there such open doors of world-wide vert a valley of dry bones into "an exceeding great usefulness and eternal influence as today. Never were army." there so many forms of Christian service, so many field of usefulness, so many Christian forces and resources at A Missionary's View of Japan. our command, such.fnancial strength in the Church, or The Rev. O. H. Gulick, of Japan, spoke at the Anni- such signal instances of theflnger of God in the working versary of the Religious Tract Society in London, in of His providence and the mightier although more silent May. The report of the Society says that he gave "an . operations of His Spirit. 'Harvest is a brief and passing interesting description of the cC?untry, which he charac- time, and waits for no man's convenience. The white terized as at once the oldest and the youngest amongst fields must be reaped, or left to rot. It is the harvest other countries of the world. The Japanese had been great time of the world; and if the opportunity that offers it- borrowers, and had been receiving their civilzation from self now in Japan, in China, in India, in Siam, in Mexico, the Chinese, and they were now ready to borrow from in Central Africa, in Turkey, in Italy, in Francè is lost whomsoever they could. They had turned from the or neglected, it never will return. These lands art: in a Chinese to those higher in the scale of civilization, and transitional state. Suddenly awaking from the slumber in proof of this was the well-known fact that many of of centuries, under the shadow of superstition, false ec- their leading men had been travelling in Europe and clesiasticism, or disgusting and well-nigh effete idolatry; America, and had taken back to Japan some of the ideas these nations stand where two ways meet, to go forth connected with the civiliation of the West; and, most important of all, they had returned to their ancient land under the guidance of the missionary and the lamp of with the conviction, that Christianity had much to do truth to an enlightened and Christian civilization, or to with the civilization they had witnessed in their travels. follow the false and fascinating lights of infidelity, and It was true there were men there who were bent upon develop a Godless culture and power which can only cul- securing merely the temporal and material results of the civilization they had seen, and were entirely i~norant of minate in such catastrophes as the French Revolution, or the indwelling principle of Christianity, which is the the more terrific picture of the Apocalypse;-a confeder- true basis of European civilization; but all might be ated and anti-Christian world at the summit of human thankful that day that they had acted on the conviction civilization, but united in heaven-defying wickedness and that religion was not a thing to be settled by the State, proud rebellon against God and his Christ. This is the and missionaries are free to . preach the Gospel among them as God gives them grace and ability. About six- ultimate vision of prophecy for the present age. It wil teen years ago a young Japanese lad, of not more than not be long ere it shall have come if the mighty forces sixteen years of age, ran away to Shanghai, although now working in human society are not controlled by there was a penalty attached to Bis leaving Japan, and these direct influences of which the Church of Jesus began to learn to read by the assistance of some sailors. Christ hold the key. In course of time he was able to read the Gospel by John, and he read on until he reached the third chap- Japan, with eight hundred atheist students in her ter, containing the passage, 'God so loved the world, N ational University, and not a. single Christian, waits to that he gave his only begotten Son, that whosoever be- choose betwee Herbert Spencer and J esiis Christ. Chia, lieveth on him might not perish, but have everlasting with every av nue opening tothe commerce and culture of life.' He seems to have got the full meaning of that the world, wa ts to decide between Mammon and God. verse, and the full sense as expressed in English. And then he prayed that God would reveal his Son to him, India is liste ing with one ear to Deism and Chunder and the little runaway lad was the only praying soul Sen, with the ther to the Gospel: France and Italy on the ship. In due time the vessel arrived at Boston, must either be rotestant or infideL. Africa's gloriou!l whither she was bound. The captain reported the ship interior wil soon e one vast chain of commercial posts. to its owner, and told him that he had a little Japanese Shall the Imamous trader make them darker blots on boy on board, in whom he took some interest. The that dark continent than even the shries of fetishism, owner at once said, 'Send him up to me,' and the re- sult of that interview was that the kindly ship-owner sent or shall the Christian missionary convert them into him to college, and seven years ago he graduated. While beacon lights for benighted races? There is scarcely in the theological seminary a grand embassy arrived from a nation, not yet Christian, of which it is not true that his native land, and i;ermssion was asked for this young the remaining twerry years seem to be the very pivot of man to leave the seminary, and, upon the Japanese youth consenting, he was taken to travel over England and its destiny. France. In course of time he went to America, where The responsibility of the Church is immediate and inducements were held out for him to remain; but he tremendous. The nations need the Gospel now j the said, 'No, I am determned to preach the Gospel;' and world is all open to-dayj the work of this generation is he stood firm to his purpose, makinO' known the Gos- pel to his Japanese countrymen. That lad, to-day a for this generation j the whole future of these races promising young man, was now at the head of a college hangs on the influences which now are to educate them; II Tokio, training young men for Christian work and the Church has the power and the resources to reach the Gospel ministry." THE GOSPEL IN ALL LANDS. 45 Enlish Bible and Misionary Soieties. bilties of p8Btora and miionar work. In ben £130,093, and the total expenditure E11lelic Ohrita for June gives a the Delta of the Niger the people by hun. £148.21õ. Notwithsding all th, they suar of the proeeings of the May dred are throwing away their idols, and had begun the year on the same lies 8B be- Meetings of the English Societies, from the churches are thronged eveiy Sunday; fore. The report showed that there were, which we gather the following: while the famous old temple at Bonny, in connection with the soiety, centra or THE BffLE SOIETY. studded with human skuls, is going to pricipal stations called circuits, 411; The seventy-seventh anniversar of the ruin. In Eat Africa the spiritual and chapels and other preaching places in con- Briti and Foreign Bible Society was held philanthpic work of the Freretown Mis- nection with stations, 2,493; mIsionaes in Exeter Hall The report stated that the sion has been cared on with unceasin and asistant-missionaries, 460; other paid free income of the society for the past year energy. The latest report from Uganda agents, as catechits, etc., 2,011; ful and ha been £114,382, or nearly £4,00 more were only to July, 1880, at which date accredite Church members, 88,132; schol- th Ìn 1879. But in consequence of some Mtea still showed no fi\Vor either to the ars, 88,867; printing establihments, 3. special funds having been closed, and of a Church Missionary Society or the French THE LONDON MISSIONARY SOCTY. check in the Continenta circulation, the re- Mission, but had again professed himslf a The Rev. R. Wardlaw Thompson, the ceipts from all sources amount to £209,519, Mohammedan, and was for the time alto- Foreign Secretary, read an abstrat of the as compard with £213,000 twelve months gether under the infiuence of the Arab report, which summarized the work of the ago. The issues of Bibles, New Testa- traders. In Palestine there are missions at pest ten years, and stated that the changes ments, and portons for the year had been Jerusaem, Jafa, Gaza, Nablus, and the which had been mae in the organization of 2,864029, being an inCrease of 65,000 copies, Hauran; there are stations also in Persis. the soiety's work at the commencement of and making a total since the formation of The soiety's missions in India absorbed that period appeared to have proved sati- the soiety of 91,014,488 copies. In Frnce, half its missionaries, and nearly half its factory. In 1871, however, there were 160 out of eighty- six deparents sixty-six have foreign expenditurer Iii conclusion, the re- Europe misionaries in the field, but been viited by a sta of sixty-thee colpor- port stated that through the society's labors heavy losses from various causes ha re- teurs. In Belgium, besides the work of between 8,00 and 4,00 well-intrcted duced the number to 139. But the I!ociety eight colporturs superintended by Mr. adult converts are baptized each year, and had been relieved of the responsibilty of Kirkpatrck, some 70,00 portions have the friends of the society wer. asked to en- supporting ten Churches in South Africa, been supplied at a considerable reduction able the committee to maitai a policy of and eleven in the West Indies. As a result to the Crystal Palace Bible-stand for ditri- advance. of the formtion of a ladies' commtt, bution at the Bruls Exhibition; and at WESLEYAN MIIONARY SOCIETY. twelve femaemissionanes are now labor- Chrtmas a New Testament was presnted The annual meeting, in Exeter Hall, was' ing in India and elsewhere. ,The work to every Sunday' scholar- in Belgium. Six held under the presidency of the Lord among the African raes, in the South Sea, colporteurs in Holland ,have sold nearly Mayor. References to the death of Dr. Madagasr, New Guinea, India, and China, 3,000 copies eah. In Germany the sta of Punhon, and to the great loss which the havig ben brought under review, the di- colporteurs have been reduced to sixty. Connexion had susined thereby, were, of rectors earestly pressed the recommenda- Hindrnces of every kid were placed in the course, very frequent; but there seemed to tion of the report "that the immediate way of the fifty-seven men employ(l in the be a genera opinion that the sad event, in- strengthenig of both the great Eastern mis- work in Austria. In Italy fort colporteurs stead of causing anything like despai, sions be made the expression of gratitude to were actively employed. There were twen- ought to lead to increased activity and de- God for - His gooes during the decae ty-thee laborers in Spain. Pariculars were votion, and consequently the meeting was ,now closed" On the subject of tiances, al given of the progr of the work in marked by even more than the usual enthu- the directors were sorr to be obliged to Portgal, Denmark, Norway, Russia, Tur- siasm. The report, which was re by the state that their position was not 83tisfactory, key, Greece, Palestine, India, Ceylon, Rev. M. C. Osborn, opened with ii.eference and that although, owing to the reeipt of Chia and Japan. to "the dark cloud by which the society an exceptionaly large sum ,in legaies, the . CHCH MISSIONARY SOCIETY. W8B overshadowed," but went'on to state tota income had been £108,247, being an The eighty-second anniversa meeting that there were many cheering sign of pro amount larger thn it was lat year, .the ex- of this soiety was held at Exeter Hall, gres. Ireland and Frnce were hopefully penditue had also ris,n above the veiy low which was filled to its utmost verge with an referrd to. In Germany much opposition point to which it W8B then reuced, and aniously interested throng. The chair has been encountered, which, strange to that consequently the society began the was taen by the Earl of Chichester, the say, procæded not from the Romanists, but yea with a deficiency of £2,321. - The al- Prdent. The Lay Secretary (Mr. Edward from the Luthera Evangelical Church. In ternative presented itslf of reducing the Hutchion) and the Clerical SecretlU (the Vienna singig and prayer' were prohibite , agents or increasing the income. Re~. F. E. Wigrm) read an absìract of the in their public services, and public meet- BAPST MISSIONARY SOCIETY. report The committee were able to an- ings could be held only on condition that The report, rea by Mr. A. H.' Baynes, nounce that the total receipts of the yea they were notified to the police three days set fort the p88t year, not 8B one of th- had been £207,50. Of this sum, £3;007 beforehand on stape paper, each stamp lig interest, but yet one of stedy advance, was a tribute of s.ction to the memory of costing a shiling. In other pars of Eurpe both in the work abroad and in the interest the Rev. Henry Wright; £5,195 had been the work~ moving forward. India taen in it at home. In printing a great contrbuted for, and devote to, the contin- showed" ealthyand steady progress;" in derl had been done both in Bengali and in gency fund;' £9,620 had been given for the China the rk was much impeded by' Hindi. Mention W8B made of the support double purose of sending out some of the "the enoJ'OUS diflculty of the opium seured by the Jesits' College and the men detained at home, and enabling the traflc;" whist in Western and Southern Vatican from the Portuguese Governent committee to push forward their work 8B Africa their operations were being succe- with reference to Centra Africa, the Pope's new fields might open to them. It was fully proseuted. With regar to finance, inructions being to "haras aøddestry added that £189,685 was applicable to the " the refran of recnt years" had to be re- the effort of the heretics i " Five priests general expnditure. In the details given peated, the expenditure being "lar~ely in have gone out for 88 many year to seduce of the work of the society's miionares it excess of income," and the debt was accu- the native King of Congo with prents W8B stated that in West Africa the native mulating. L8Bt year they reported a debt frolI the Court of Lisbon. Those royal churches are gaining strengt, more and of £25,187, and now they had a furher de- gifts comprised music and rum, "a piano more takg upon themselves the reponsi- ficiency of £13,122, the tota income havig and silver tads." In Jiuaica material 46 THE GOSPEL IN ALL LAND~;

losse were compensated by spiritual pros- lowing misionaries have returned to this a ,collection be taken. It was also rem- perity; and, to fi up seven conspicuous countr or are on the way: Rev. A. A. N e:w~ mended that as far as possible the first va.cies by death, more offers of service hal, Rev. a W. Hale and wife, Rev. C. H. Wednesday evening of every month be de- had ben made during the yea than in any Carenter and wife, Rev. M. Jamesn and ~oted to special prayer for the conversion one of fifteen years before; and the year's wife, Rev. 1. D. Colbur, Mrs. J. N. Cush- of the world, It was stated that means were income (£51,459) is the largest by much ing, Rev. A. T. Rose and wife, Rev. R. R. in hand to send at once ten fresh laborers ever received, nearly £12,00 being for Wilams, Mrs. A. Loughridge, Rev. S. P. into the field, and at least twenty more were special purposes, including for Congo (the Barchet and wife, Mrs. H. Jenkins, and needed to vigorously prosecute' the work ()ence to the Pope) £4,000 given by Mr. Mrs. C. D. King. The following mission- now in hand, and yet in all the classes Arthington, of Leeds. The committe aries are under appointment: Mr. Leonard gruate the past Spring at Chicago, Au- wante £5,000 more at once, and asked for Woolsey Cronkite, Miss Mary C. Van burn, Union and Princeton Seminaries, not double income as soon as practicable. Meter, and Miss Naomi Garton. a man had offered for the misionary field. s, P. G. SOCffTY. AMRICAN HOME MISSIONARY BOCffTY. REFORMED PRESBYTIAN CHUCH. The report stated that the in'come of the The annual meeting was held in May, in The Synod of this Church met at Pitts- society during the yea 1880 amounted to New York. It was reported that the num- burgh, Pa., in May. A very interesting £138,288. In the work which the society ber of ministers of the gospel in the service report was made of the work of the Board had been privileged, as the handmaid of the of the Society was 1,032. Sunday school of Missions in Syria. The year had been Church, to sustain and to promote during and Bible class scholars 99,898. There had one of unexampled prosperity. There were the past year, 586 missionaries had been en- been 224 new schools organized. The con- in Syra 104 native members, 11 Sabbath gaged. These had labored in Asia, Africa, tributions to benevolent objects repoi~d by schools with 361 scholars, 14 day schools Australia, and the Pacific, America, and the 607 miSBionares amounted to $21,839.97. with 424 pupils. $12,200 had been contrib- West Inoies, and one in Europe. There There had been 5,922 additions to the mem- uted for mÍssions. We shall give a full ac- were also in connection with the society bership of the churches. 131 churches had count of this mision in our October number. been orgaed, and 67 had assumed their about 1,24 catechist- and lay teachers. REFORMD CHURCH. IN AMECA...... entie support. 57 houses of worship had The Aiinual Report of the Board of For- American Missionary Societies. been completed, 132 repaired, and 26 others eign Missions was made in May. The re- Silveral of the American Missionary Socie- commenced. The balance in the treaury ceipts of the year fr'Jm all sources were ties or' Boards høld their annual meetings April 1, 1880, was $20,412.14. The re- $92.984.32, the largest sum received durg in May, and others later in the year. We ceipts for the succeed 12 months had been any year, which had enabled them to sup- give a brief account of the meetings: $290,953.82. The sum of $284,414.22 had port their missions and pay the old debt. AMERICAN BAPIST MISSIONARY UNION. been paid out and appropriations and There were reported 9 missionar stations, The annual meeting of the American pledges had been amounting to $56,719.88, 109 out-stations, 15 missionaries, 18 assis- Baptist Missionary Union was held in In- toward canceling which there was a bal- tant missionaries, 14 native ministers, 34 dianapolis in May. There were reported 29 ance in the treasur of $26,951.64. It is catechits or preachers, 17 asistant cate- Asiatic missions with 550 churches, 170 proposed to raise one miUio dollars this chists, 37 readers, 30 schoolmasters and missonaries, 643 native preachers, 42,226 year for Home Missions. tehers, 19-schoolmistresses, 3 colporteurs, members, of which 4,868 were baptized last AMICAN PRESBYTERIA CHRCH. 35 churches, 2,357 communicants, 4 acde- year. There are over 200 students in the The General Assembly of this Church met mies with 129 scholars, 8 day schools with Brownson Theological Seminary at Rama- in May, in Buffalo, and the Committee on 1,866 scholars, 13 theological students, patam. But little is being done in Africa. Foreign Missions reported that they had ex- and $2,731. 77 had been contributed by the A committee was appointe to consider the amined the Report of the Board and found native churches. proposition of Mr. Robert Arthington, of that the work of the year had been faith- .. . . Leeds, Englad, to give them $35,000 for ful, . abundant, and to a very encouraging The Twentieth Annual Report of the Ex- work in Africa on certain conditions. More degree successfuL. In all of the 24 missions ecutive Commttee of Foreign Missions of workers ar needed in Europe, the report of the Board, Education, Printing, Colpor- the Presbyterian Church of the U. S. (South) being made that "the times were never teur, and Zenana work and preaching the gives the entire missionar force in its em- more propitious an at present to resue Gospel have been dilgently prosecuted. ploy as consisting of ninety-three persons; Europe from de ading superstition and de- Marked progess has been made in Persia, namely, eighteen ordained missionares, one basing scepticism The whole amount paid Siam, China, Mexico, and among the Amer- missionar physician, twenty-six assistant into the treasury f om all sources durng the ican Indians. Remarkable changes are m"sionaries from this countr, thireen or- year was $313,77 52, of which $24,971. 68 taking place in thought and soêial life, in dained native ministers, and thir-four was for additions invested funds. The India, Syra, and elsewhere, In one mis- other native helpers. Twelve missionary sum applicable to the payment of the cur- sion town in China Dr. Nevius and Mr. rent expens of the year, and the debt of laborers have been sent from this country Corbett baptized 230 converts. And whie the past year. The aggregate receipts were last yea amounted to $300,652.92; and the the Ret gai for the year to the churches at . deficit at the close of the fiscal year was home has falen short of one per cent, to $59,215.39, an increase of $10,737.41 over those of the previous year. $11,850.08. Since the last annual meeting the churches in heathen lands it has been the following new missionaries have been fully 15 per cent. The General Assembly The Woman's Foreign Missionary Society sent abroad.: Rev. Wills F. Thomas, Miss urged the pressing forward of the work of of the Presbyterian Church reported at their M. A. Roakwood, Miss E. L. Upham, Miss evangelization among the American Indians annual meeting that $97,808,69 had been Frnces E. Palmer and Miss Marie Menke. and the Chinese on the Pacifc Coast. The received from auxilares, bands, circles The following missionaries have retuned to receipts from all sources for the year closing and- individuals, and $1,261.55 from other their fields of labor' Rev. S. B. Partridge April 30, 1881, including the balance from sources. It has 99 missionaries, 9 mission and wife to 8watow, China; Rev. A. Bun- the previous year, were $590,68.49. The teachers, 116 Bible readers and native ker and wife, Rev. A. V. Crumb and wife, expenditures were If81,1i5.19. Balance, teachers, Uti day schools, and 879 scholar- and Rev. F. H. Eveleth, to Toungoo, Bur- $9,165.30. Of 5,489 churches, 8,149 had ships in boarding schools. Seventyauxili- mah; Mrs. Binney and Mrs. Kelley to Ra- contrbute. It was recommended that the aries had been added during the year mak- goon; and Mrs. J. F. Norrs has gone to last Sabbath school sesson of eah quarr ing the whole number 1,068. The report join her husban at Maulmaiii The fol- be devote to missionary exercises, and that Blys that th most che Jrig sign of promis THE GOSPEL IN ALL LANDS. 47 for the future is the greater spirtuality of to it in New York than we had supposed. the exhibition of forgiveness, and the effort those who are engaged in the work of the We are informed that there are some ten to bless them that curse. " auxiliares, "Not for the heathen merely, scholarships in the University Medcal Mis- The Rev. Otis Gibson, D.D., of the but for Ohrst," having become the watch- sionary Society for those who design enter- Methodist Episcpal Mission to the Chinese word of many. ing upon Medical Mision work. The first in Ban Francisco, arrived in New York The Woman's Baptist Missionary Society of this month aNew York Medical liission June 15th, and saied on the 17th in the held their tenth annual meeting in Phila- was started at No.5 East Broadway. The Andwr for Europe, where be wil spend delphia. The receipts of the yea had been: object of this Mission is "to reach that nu. some time in travel previous to visiting the, from donations, $46,095.69; from other merous clas of poor persons 111 ways to be Ecumenial Conference, as a delegate. He sources, $3,915.22; total, $50,010.91. Three found in a large city, who are generally in- is acc3mpanied in his European trip by his missionaries have been sent to Burmah: accessible to the Gospel, by giving them son, Mr. Wiliam Gibson, of Boston. Dr. Mrs. Jennie B. Kelly, Miss M. A. Rock- gratuitous medical relief. and at the same Gibson reports that the popular iritation wood, and Miss E. L. Upham. A Home time preaching the Gospel to them,-this against the Chinese immigrants in Calornia for Missi(:mary Children has been estab linking together in the missionary-physician has abated. His mission work is moving lised at Newton Centre, Mass. the efforts to heal the body and to save the on successfully. Some twenty accessions soul, having been found in other places ef- to the Church have been received since the Ladies' Board of Missions of the Presby- fectual for the salvation of thousands who session of Conference. Out of eleven bap- terian Church held its annual meeting in otherwise, apparently, would not have been tized at one time, six were Japanese. New York. $38,325.01 had been received saved. "The doors of the l'Iission will be I ... & durng the year. Work has been carried on open daily, except Sunday, from 9: 30 to 10 Mr. Marden, writin( from Marash, Apri ih Syria, Persia, China.,Japan, India, Siam, A. M. to receive the names of those who 1, says: "A few months ago a young man Africa, Mexico and France, in addition to need to be vIiited at home, and from 1:30 some twenty years of age came to me and di1erent portions of the United States. to 2 P. M. every day, except Saturday and sad he was an Armenian from Geben, had The Woman's Foreign Missionary Society Sunday, for those able to attend the Dis- come fifty miles on foot across the Taurs, of the Methodist Episcopal Church held their pensary. A short Gospel service wil be and wished to enter our schooL. He could annual meeting in Buffalo. $107,932.47 held at 2 o'clock, after whicb the patients pay half his expenses. We had no funds had been collected. Seven candidates for wil be given due attention, the only recom- from the Board for the support of Arenian miionary service were accepted. Appro- mendation required being that of sickness students,. but I was so much intereste in the priations for the ensuing year were made and poverty. There are to be no charges maly beg ánd earnest spirt of the young amounti.ng to ,$130,851.75. The reports for medicines or treatment, but than-offer' man that I assumed the balancç of expene showed advance in all directions. ings wil be received. myself, and gave hi a place among our Christian students in the college preparatory The Bo~d of Manag~rs of Foreign Mis- Bishop Bowman, after holding the New schooL. A week later another young man sions of the Protestant Episcopal Church Mexico Annual Mission Meeting at Socorro, from the same town and of the same char- issue an earnest appeal for increased con- pushed forward, by way of the Southern acter came and joined him. I told these tributioIl. "Not less than $30,000 as an Pacifc Railroad, to Tuscon, where he open- young men that though I desired them to additional sum to all usual offerings is re- ed the Annual Meeting of the Arizona Mis- become Chrtians not only in name but in quired at once. The appropriations made sion. He goes thence to San Francisco, truth, yet so long as they acepted the Ar- to continue the foreign work as it is now where he wil embark for Yokohama, hop- menian faith they were entirely free to 0 h- going on amonnt to $125,250, but this is ing to reah that city in time to preside at serve al its form, and no Protestat should quite insuffcient, as thf! estimates most the Japanese Mission Conferenc'C, to open in any way molest them. At first they at- caefully made require fully $138,000 to take in that city August 11. tended faithfuly the Armenian chUrch, bu t cae of the natural growth only, without Three Japanes students have just gradu- soon found their way to the Protestat Sab- undi:rtaking any new enterprises, and $16,- ated at Indiana Asbbury University. One bath school and church serVices, and with- 700 is needed for building purposes in China of them, A. Sato, will accompany Bishop out an opposing word they semed to accept and Japan." Mr. Edwin K. ButtlQS has Bo~man to _ Japan. TM seond one, S. the evangelical faith as son as it w8. ex- ' been appointed to be Professor of Natural Chinda, wi take a theological course at plained to them. For years they had groped Sciell:e in S1. John's College in China, and the Boston University before retuning in the dark, and now the glad tidigs of Mr. Frederick R. Graves as an additional home; and the third, K. Kawamura wil salvation, through repentence and- faith in missionar to Wuchang. Miss Anna return to his home in Japan by the way of Christ was a welcome mesage of light and Stevens has been appointed missionar England and the Continerit. life. They take an active part in the stu- teaeher for the united girls' school upon the In the New Guinea Misgion of the Lon- dents' prayer-meetings, and give promis St. John's College Estate in Chia. don Missionary Society, on 'the 7th of of ¡neat usefulness. They express a strng The Presbytrian Church in Canada raisd March, the natives of Kalo massacred their desire that the people in Geben and its vil- the past year $35,434.58 for Foreign Mis- teher ANEDREA, with his wife and two lages may be brought under evangelical in- sions, and have reduced the debt of the chidren; also MATERNA, teacher of Kere- fluences. " Board to $5,392.59. In the New,Htibrides punu, his~e and two children; TARIA, .. .. 3 ordained missionaries are supportd, in teacher 0 Hula; MATATHum, an inland Mr. Christie, of Marash, Turkey, under Tridad 4, in Erromanga 1. Thell are 4 teacher; an 0 Hula boys;-in all, twelve' date of April 5, says: ~'In Hadjin I spent missionariesan;ong the Indians of the persons. This massacre is attributed to the thee days. The work there is going on North-west, 2 in connection with the For- influence of Koapina, the Aroma chief. most encouragingly. Of the twenty-five mosa Mis8ion, five in the Central India The Directors of the Society have been pupils in Mrs. Coffn's school there are only Mision. much distressed to learn that a man-of. war four who, so far as human judgment can . ... . has been sent to punish the peple for their decide, remain unconverted; a blesed new Missiinary News. treachery, saying that "the missionary of life pervades the whole school i The gils A subscriber to th magazine has asked the Cross does not claim, and does not de- pased a very credtable examination in for some information respecting Medica sire any protection from the arm of govern- varous studies on the day before I left. In Mission VI ork. Since answering his note ment in his intercours with barbarous the church I could see evidenoes of great we find that more is being done in ref~rence tribes; the true revenge for the Christian is progres since I was in Hadjin eighten 48 THE GOSPEL IN ALL LANDS. months ago. The young pastor is a hard three coats and two pairs of stoGkigs on. of St. Paul's Mission, Tounghoo, formg worker, and God has this yea blessed his Some twenty or twenty-five woman cae the choir. The sermon was preahed by labors most grciously. Thir have ben together at that meeting. They were rather Shwaynyo, one of the native clergy. The added to the church recently, 'and this is shy, but they gave clos attention while I next day the conference was opened. The ' only about half, as I understand, of the spoke to them of the peuliar value of the Bishop was formally voted into the chai, number hopefuly converted. In Shar, also, gospel to them, as fitted to elevate their secretaes were duly appointed, and other there has been an interesting work going on sex from the low plac which they hold in arrangements were made, in the moat busi- for several weeks." this country, and to help them in disharg- ness-like way, by taking a show of hands. ing their duties to their familes. Those The subjects voted for discussion were: Mr. Cole, writing from the Eatern Tur- who had begun to learn to re held out " The need of takig greater care of vilag key Mission, says: .. Two Koordish villages, their books, w.\en I asked to see them, in chapels: The importance of paying respect having nearly a hundred houses, have re- the conscious pride of a newly-acquired to Christian teachers: The evil of intoxica- cently sent up petitions begging to become superiority, although they were to timid to ting drinks: The too great prevalence of Protestants, and asking for a teacher, but read to me. A little later it was time for quarrels: The impropriety of secret mar- from the fact that they are anxious to know the noon Bible service, in which I had the ages." The BishOp's inaugural address was if by so doing they may be exempt from aid of the techer of the boys' school in given at the Morning Session. It was in- miitary duty it would look as though there Hooeli, who had come over with some of terpreted into the "Palm" dialect by the was too much thought of political protec- the young men of his vilage, knowing that Rev_ W. E. Jones, and into Bwai by She- tion in their minds_ Yet through the good- the pl'eacher was sick, and not knowing mone, a lay techer. The afternoon discus- ness of God we may be able to bring them that I was there to supply the pulpit. After sion was intensely interesting, the native to the gospel basis in the end. Letters from this servce I had a meeting with the young clergy and techers and the viIlage hea Erzgan city itself indicate that the few men of both vilages, in each of which there men al taking part in it. In the evenig of friends we have there have too worldly an is a Christian Assoiation. These young the sae day 162 candidates, presented by ides, as if the dress rather than the heart of men's asociations are just now among the Mr. Windley, S. P. G. Missionary at Toung- the gospel could car all before it. And most hopeful features of our work." hoo, were confed. The Bishop's ad- yet, with al due allõwance, those par are . ... . dresss 'were interpreted, and the audience ripe for the harest, and some of us must The London Misionar Society prints in appeared deeply moved by them. They tae up a sojurn there this coming winter, the Chronicle a review of the past ten year were admitted to Holy Communon the if not before. Do pray for Erzingan i It of labor at Lifu, one of the Loyalty Islands. next morning. At noon, the conference would not be strge if from Erzigan a The population of the island is 6,576, 5,636 proceedings terminated by a touching re- work was to open among ihose Dersim being Protestants and 940 Roman Catholics. cital enumeratin the deaths of several Koorda who are only Mohammedan from There are nine churches, with 2,085 mem- leading persons during the past yea, and fear. The two vilages mentioned may bers. Their contributions within the ten by votes of thanks to those who had so prove the opening wedge to introduce the years for religious and benevolent purposes kindly asisted the Congress. Each night, gospel among the 100,000 of these Koorda. amount to $30,067. Nearly 3,00 copies of when the proceedings were over, the vi- the New Testaent and Psams have been Requests for instrction also came from an- lagers encaped separately in the jungle by other race, not so near, perhaps, to Chris- sold, and a Hymn-Book and other books, firelight, únder bamDoo booths, and spent tianity, inbibiting a par of the regions of prepared. Ten stone chapels have been hours in singing hymns from MSS. and Alasgird. They are called Yèzidee, and erecte within the dece, mttking the printed hym-books An English layman are sad to number some 50,000. They are present number of such chapels nineteen. who was present exclaimed: "A sight lie worse treated even . thiu the Christians of A training institution for native teachers thi is worth al the Misionary Meetings in the region. Turks on the one hand were has ben maintained, raising up fifty-seven Engla!) put together i Would to Go tht drfting them for reguar miltar duty, and helpers, twelve of whom have gone upon those who sneer at mision work could only on the other hand threats from the Obei- foreign servce. Mission work ha been ii here to see these things I " dulah Sheikh party were urging them to undertaen at New Guinea and New Cale- ----.~. come forth a . t the Persians, neither of doni, upon which thirtn men and their Rev. Dr. Gorden reports from Kioto, which did the accept, save by force, as wives have been employed. For three Japan, that the special theologica class of they are not al Mohammedans. These, year there has been but a single English the Mission of the American Boar numbers tq, beg to be t en undllr such protection missionary on the island, but he has been 30 members, more than half of whom sup- as wi allow th to worsip Go accord- asisted by twenty-fonr native helpers, some port theiIselv~ or get their support from ing to the dictat s of their own consciences. of whom are able and earest ministers of those for whom they have been laboring, or Let come the str ar of politica pro- Jesus Chrst; from other friends; a grat advance in the tection, and we may hope much from these line of self-support. wild tribes, the sQ-caled Indian of Asia.~' The Rangoon Church MagazM gives an The Christians of Osako have sent a na- I .... 1 account of a conference of the Karen tive missionary to labor in lse, a rich popu- Dr. Barum, of Harpot, writes March Church g6ngrgations recently held a- lous and idolatrous province, noted for the 28: .. Yesterday, Sunday morning, I had mong tle Bwai trbes, at the village of shrie of the sun goddess, Dai Jingu. He scarcely waked before the chapel board an- Wettoder, in Burmah The Bishop pre- was followed by Rev. Mr. De Forest of the nounced the time for the early morning ser- sided. It was attended by the representa- America Board. Much interest was awak. vice. At this meeting I gave notice that tives of about twenty Karen vilages. , The ened among some of the people whom they after breakfast I would hold a separte Wettoder peple erete a large Congres met, and several little bands were formed meeting for the women. Thi was appointed Hall, with a temporary chapel attached to for the study of the Bible. The name of at a private house, becaus the chape was it. Hospitality was provided for 400 or 500 one of these is "Christ's Ever-Perseverig cold, and a stove would do no good, for the visitors. They came, cla in a varety of Company." paper had been torn from the windows. costumes, it being the custom of these moun- In the Micronesian Miion in 11 churches The people were all thinly clad, very few taneers, lie the Scotch olans, to distguish at the Mortlocks and Ruk there have been had stockings, and some of the children themslves by individual dres characteri- added 347 members the past year, makg were running about over the frozen ground tics. The proceedings commenced with a the present native membership under the without shoes even, ,while I was cold with service in the temporar chapel; the boys care of the American Board 829. THE GOßPEL IN ALL LAN 0:-. THE GO~PEL IN ALL LANDS. SUNDA Y SCHOOL PUBLICATIONS OF ELGENE R; SMITH The" Gospel in ,All Lands" is an Ilustrated MonthlyMagazlne International Lessen Paper. devoted to Universal Missions. It is Eviingelical.and Undenomi- INTERNATIONAL LESEON PAPER is issued in place of the Leson nationaL. Each number contis 48 quarto pages, and there are Teacher Quarterly. A page is ghen to each f3unday's lesson, and two volumes a year, each containing 288 pages. Terms, $2.50. a the papers are cut apart ready for distribution every ÇlthE)r 8und1Y. year in advance. To clergymen, theological students, and mis. Eaeh lesson contains the text of the International Lesson, Sum- sionaries, $2.00 a year. mary, Questions for all grades of Scholars, Notes, etc. Thcre is VOLUME I commenced with February 1880, and contained but also sent a separate leaf contRining Hymns, Dictionary, etc. Sub- four numbers. February had ilustrated articles on Africa,scriptions cancommeuce with any Sunday, but must all close with March on China, April on Japan, May on India. There was no March, July, September, or December. ' June number.' Single copies, 12 cents a year. Ten cópies, $1.00 a year. Twen- VOLUME II commenced with July 1880, and closed with De- ty copies, $1.60 a yeiir. Fifty copies, $3.7.í a year. One hundred cember. July had ilustrated articles on Turkey, August on Pa- copies, $7,00 a year, and each additional copy seven cents a year. lestine and Syria, September on Persia; October on Polynesia, Light on tbe Lesson quarterly. Burin.November on Austral mediate aHa and Scholars. Malaysia, December It onis Siam a 32 and THEpage LIGHT Quarterly ON THE LESSON on QUARTERLY the Internatiunal is for Junior and Inter- VOLUM III commenced with January 1881, and closes with Lessons. Each lesson contains the Scripture Text, BiIJle References, of Questions and Answers tbat explain June. . January wâs on the American Indians; February, Roman Explanatory Notes, a series Catholics of Europe; l\Iarcb, Africans; April, Roman Catholics and apply the miiin facts or truths of the lesson, Additional Ques- of America; May, Chinese; June~ Nestorians, Armenians, Greek tions, Bible Dictionary, Hymns, Review Exercises, Maps, Ilus- Church, etc. ' trations, etc. Single copies twenty cents a year. Ten copies and VOLUME iv wil commence with July 1881, and close with over, each sixteen cents a year. Fifty copies, each fifteen cents a December. year. One hundred copies and over, eachLesson fourteen Helper Quarterly. cents ' a year. All subscriptions wil be .made to commence with the fir_st of THE LESSON HELPER QUARTERLY is for Advanced Scholars the volume,' unless . .otherwise . ,1 ordered, r , andpage back numbers- liar will beer i and y Teaclon e 's bei'nge n a erna48 Q t 1 thiona I t t' es-I L forwarded.... .Tlie - .subscnptwns sons, conare payableaiis IIa ereadvance, iS andII the'e If1¿ It t' on11 thson .. th. L"uai'(ecr t the Le Q y,L miigazine iS stopped at the close of time paid for. and also gives the Opinions óf the Best Commentators on the Les- We ~etimes send a specimen copy. to those whom we think son, Incidents th~t ilustrate the Lcsson, Questions for all gra(les of may :vis~ to see.a copy of t~e mag~zine, .and req~e~t that they Scholars, etc. "It is a marvel of condensed information." Single examine it, an.d i.f pleased, will Bend l,ltheir subscriptlOn. copies thirty cents a year. Ten copieR each twenty-fou t . Ord~rs,S ubscnptlOns, .. andB' usiies~ and Itona. Ed ommunica- . year.1 Fify,copies'.C . each,,' twenty-two r cents cen a year. (\ne s hundred a tions sboulll be addressed to the Publisher and Pl'prietor, copies and over, eac,h twenty cenÚ a year, EUGENE R S~UTH,74 Bible House, New York. Christian 'riding". =---= :c"'_____ ------=-= CHRISlIAN TIDINGS is a lour-page monthly Missionary Paper, PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIRST INTER-SEMINARY containing Talks about Missionary Lands. and s'tories and articles . MISS~ONARÝ CONVENTION, that are calculated to increase the ~Iissionary Spirit. Each )lum- HELD IN NEW BRtlN8WICK, N. J., NOVEJIBER 21.:?l, 1880. ber is ilustrated, aiid conlliíns questions on some particular coun. TABLE OF CONTENTS. try. Single copy, 25 cents a year, Ten topies one year, 75 cenu.. Minute of Proceedings. Papers read by students of iliffcrent Twenty copies one year. $1. 20. One hundred copies one year, i¡(L.OO. Seminaries, as follows: The Church Fundamentally a Missionary Sunshine., Society, by'\Vm. Ingraham Haven, of Bostou University; The In- SUNSHINE is a four-page monthly, at twenty-five cents a year.: difference of the Church to the World's Evangelization: its Causes It contains Beautiful Pictmea and Bright and Ipteresting Stories and Remedy, by G. W. Luecock, of Western Theolol:rical Semin, for the younger children. It is delighting the children every where. ,ar; Secular Testimony to the Success of Missions, by C. ~1. Single copies, twenty-five cents a year. Twenty copies and over. Cady, bf Ober,liu Seminary; Scope for the Beat and :riost, DiverseThe each Suiiday 6 cents a year. Compa~lon. Talents and Culture in Missionary Work, by ,S. J.THE Harmèling, SUNDAY of COMPAlION is a: fDur page montlily. Each num- New Brunswick Seminary; The Right Attitude0f Young Men to blr has :four picture¡¡ ilustrating the International LeS80ns for tbe Home Mission Work, by J. E. Perry, of Crozer Seminary; 1m month.. There are three prize Bible Questions in each number, pulses Given to Missions by The?logical Students, by Robert and at the close of the year prizes wil be given to those who Thomson, of Union Seminary; What Constitutes a Call to the answer best the thirty questions contained in the paper from Foreign Missionary Work, by F. L. Neeid, of Drew Seminary,; March to December. Single copies, twenty-five cents a'year. Ten Report of Missionary Work and Interest in Seminaries, by Robert M. Mateer, of Princeton Seminary; The Present UlaÎIcopies'rind of For- over, Myeach twelvePicture cents Le"son. a year. eign Missions upon Young Men, by J. G. Shackelford, of Va. P. My PICTURE LESSON is a small four-page weelt, (mailed month. E. Seminary. Also Addresses on, The Benefits which the Church Iy) at twenty-five cents a year. Only fifteen cents to Sunday at Home has Derived from Missions, by Rev. Wm: M.~or, D.D., Schools. "It is tbe best for Primary Classes, and, for the size, the of new York; The Indiviual Âppeal and the In 'vidual A.n- cheapest." It makes the International Lesson simple and interest- swer, by Rev. Arthur T. Pierson, D.D., of Detroit, ..; How ing to the litle childrn, It is used in many of the best Sunday Maya Pastor Interest His People in Missions, by Rtv. Edward Schools in every State and Territory in the United State, and in, Judson, of Orange, N. J.; The Claims of India, by Rcv. Narayan. every Province of Canada, and has subscribers in England; PerSia, Bheshadri, of India; Pastoral Responsibilty to Missions, by Rev. Turkey, and Syriii. Its pictures and stories delight the children Henry Maryn Scudder, D,D, M.D., of Brooklyn, N. Y. Letter and aid thc tcacher iii presenting Bible Truth. Singh copies, to the Churches. Editorial on the Convention. Names of the twenty-five cents a year. Ten copies, $1.50 a year. Tweníy cop- Semiaries participating in the Convention, and names of all the ¡es, $300 &. year. 5Ocopici, $7.00 a year.-lOO copies, $13.ÜÚ a year. Stúdents attending as delegates. Money can be sent by Checks, or Postal Orders' on New York, 64 Pages, 8vo., with Cover. I, or. . by Registered Letters. If . checks are sent other than on New PRIOE, 25 GETS A aOpy, $2,40 A DOZE, York, add 25 cents to pay for collection. Address all orders to Eugene R. Smith, Publisher, Bible House, New York. Eugene R. Smith, Publlslier, Bible Honsl', New York. ~.~Ô:i r~8ljlK IQin~D ¡JJ .. Iiui~". THE GOi'I'EL ix ALL LAxDs is an Illustrated Monthly Missionary Magazine, devoted to Uil versal Mission;.. It is Evangelical, Undenominational, and Catholic, and in cordial sympath, \vitli all Protestant Boards and Evangelical Churches. It contains e!1ch month a Graphic and Pictorial accomit of some Missionary Land, and its Mission Fields, or of some Race of People, together \vith General Articles on the Progress, Plans, and Methods of Missionary Work; Fresh News respecting Domestic and Foreign Missions in all parts of the world, and such other mat. tel' as to make it of great value to all who are interested in the Missionary Cause. There are two volumes a year, each containing 288 pages. Answers to Corresl)Olidents. Terms. This Maga7ine commenced with February, 1880. The. THE -GOSPEL IN ALL LANDS wil be sent monthly, first volume: consisted of only the February, March, postage prepaid, to all subscribers in the United States, April, and ~~I y iiumbers. There was no June number' , Canada, Great Britain, andto countries in the Universal The second 'olurue commenced with July and closed Postal Circuit, for $2.50 p~r annum. with Decemb 1'.' All Clergymen, Theological Students, Missionaries, Only a port~f the back numbers can be furnished, and Missionary Sooieties recèive the Magazine at $2.00 a and none of the previous numbers are bound. year, postage paid, whether they reside in the United The Magazine will continue to be illustrated, and every States, or at any post offce w, 'hin the Postal Circuit. effort will be made to gi ve our subscribers that kind of All subscriptions will be made to commence with the Missionary intelligence that will be the best calculated first of the vDlume, uniess otherwise, ordered, and should to increase the Missionary interest upon the pai.t of pas_ close witb either June or December. tor and people. 'Ve believe we shall be better able to Those receiving the Magazine without having ordered do this in the future than in the past. it, will understand that it is either orde~ed for them by Iii Volume I, No.1 was devoted to Africa, No. 2 to . some one else, or that a specimen copy is sent them Cliic.a, No.3 to Japan, and No.4 to India. with the expectation that they will examine it, and, if In Volume II, No.1 was devoted to Turkey, No.2 to pleased, wil send in their subscription. Palestine and Syria, No.3 to Persia, No.4 to Polynesia, 'Ve request that those who believe the Magazine is BurlUali.No.5 to Australasia : and will .:Ialaysia, recommend No. ü to Siam and supplyingit to their a want, andfriends. that, its circulation wil do good, ~-~ ~ : A notiee on the wrapper, or a blue cross mark on the Our Plaii for 1881. ! Magazine, gives notice that the subl'cription has expired. 'Ve shai) give during 1881 Illustrated Articles 011 All subscriptions are payable in advance, and the - the History and Present Condition of Missiùn Work Magazine is stopved at the close of the time paid for. among the following: The payment of subscriptions should be made in J .lXU ARY.- The American Indians. . checks on N ew York, or Post Ofice orderl' on New York FEBRUARY.-Roman Catholics of EUl"pe. (not on Station D, New York), or by registered letters. MARCIL-Africans. Fractions of a dollar can be sent in United States Post- ApRIL.-RolUali Catholics of America. age stamps. Canada and English Postage stamps can- lL\.Y.-Thu Chinese. not he used. If checks are sent on banks other thar; J¡;xK.-The Oriental Churches. thosc in New York, 25 cents 810uld be added to each to JULy.-The:Tapanese. pay tiie cost of collection. Make all checks and Post Al"GGST.-Thu Jews. Offce orders payable to Eugene R. Smith. SEPTE1IßER.-The liaces of India. I Subscribers in Great Britain '-an remit ten shilling~, OCTOBER.-The Mi)hammeùans. lor, if Clergymen, eight shillings for a year's Rubscrip- N OVE~1BER.- The Malays. tion. If more convenient, thcy can Rend their subscrip- MissionIn December we shallFields. give an account ofEngland. Unoccupied tions to TruJmer & Co., 57 Ludgate Hill, London,

Single copies, twenty.five cents; $2.50 a year. Orders, Subscriptions, and Business and Edi torial Communications, should be addressed to the Publisher and Proprietor, EUGENE R. S-,ÚTII. Bible House, New York THE GOSP EL IN ALL LANDS. Table of eonteiit~. ulous but beIiighted land. This is one of Talk with the Children. Au Account 'of a JULY. the most useful magazines of the day, and Children's Missionary Society, Mlssi~nary The country, People, and Government is doiag a gl'od work for the cause of mis- Pigs, Missionary Ciincert Exercise, Picture of Japim...... '. 2 sions. -Methodist Protetant. of II Baptism in the. Grek Church, etc. A Lady Traveller's Experience iu Japan. 8 -._e____ CHRISTIAN TIDINGS No. 22. The Two Religions of Japan...... 11 NEW MAP OF CHINA. CErNA number, containiug several pic The Shinshiu Buddhists of Japan...... J 2 We have impr'rtcrl some copies of iì Map t\lres ilustrating the country and peopl" of MISSIONS IN JAPAN. of China, 17 by 18 inches, each of tl:e 18 China. Also !In account of a Chinese New Transliition and Circulation of the Scrip. provinces colored, anù giving the names of Year's Day, Going to School in Cliina. Be- tu res...... , ...... 13 the mountains, rivers, and more.than 5,000 coming-Christians in China, and fin Inler. Bible Work...... 16 towns and cities. It is corrected to Jan- esting- tind Instriictiv~ Missionary Dialog,ie Methodist Episcopal Church...... 17 uary of this year, and is the best and most on China. . . Protestant Episcopal Church...... 19 complete map of China that is published. CURISTIAN TIDINGS No. 21. Cumberland Presbyterian Church...... lD Prepared by the China Inland Mission for, MEXICO number, containing an account American Baptist Church...... 19 its missionaries, it is of great value to all i of the People of Mexico, their Religious Baptist Missions...... 21 who wish to keep acquainted with the pro. 'Condition and Christian Work flmong Church Missionary Society...... 21 gress of .mission work in China. A' copy ¡ them; Description of the City of Mexico; Society for Propagation of the Gospel. 22 will he forwarde,l to any address, postagL' i Account of Religious Liberty in Mexico; :i\ethodist Protestant Church...... 23 paid, on receipt of Twenty Oent8. . The Children's Missionary Society; A Mis- The American Bo!lrd...... Q3 _ __, _ e _. _~_ I sion Circle and its Parlor Sale; Questions; American Presbyterian Church...... 24 , i Ilustrations of an Indian of Mexico and Reformed Church in America...... 24 Ba~k Numlier8 ot 008pel in all Land. for .Sole. .! Worshipping in the Temple of the Sun. Lnited Church of Christ...... 25 1he supply of some of the months is ex- . Hi"ioryof Christian 11lissions in Japan. 27 hflHsted. We can at present supply the ,_ CHRISTIAN TIDn,?~ No. ~~'. Protestant )'IissioiiS in Southern Japan'. ~!I following, at. tlieaccount annexed ofprice. the S01:TU Government, AMEIUCA nunilèei, People, containing ami an WOMA""S WOHl, IN .IAPAN. ',' ..1880,. _ Protestant Missions in South Americ:.; \Yoinan's Work of the Hctormed Church 30 MAY, on. :M.isSio~S II India, etc. . .20 cents Child-life in Brazil; The Little Missionary Protestant Episcopal Waman's Work.. 30 JULY, ~Iissio~s in. Turkey~ etc. . . :. . . " 2~ , Society; Giving a Prayer with a Penny; Ladies' DOHI'd of ~lis.sions of the Presby- AUGUST, Missions II Pa.lestine,. Syna etc 20: Exercise for a Missionary Concert; Ques- terian Church...... 31 SEPTEMBEH,~M~ssioJ? in Persi~, etc.... 25 ¡ tions; I1lustratiotJs of the Emperor of Bra- \-Y oinails lJ nion 1\lissioDa 1'. Society. . . . 32 ~CTOBi;R, llIis~lO~s II .Polynesia,. etc. .. 25 zil anù Bush Negroes of Guiana. Biography of Susan B. Higgins...... 3:; ?\lay,ia, OYFMBEH, etc...... MisslOns ...... " .in . "Australia, . . .., 2.j i J Ma.HRISTblA i C T NID~~S 19 0.. f Christian Newsp"i:irs iii Japan..?" DEcU:MlHm...... Missions .)v . in" SLimthe HomeBurmali Life INDIA of nUl;ntbe People er, contmning of India ~n ac~ount.. Chiiri The Prngre.'s of Japan...... ~67 etc...... Ù3Hid...... 25 ~i.fe in rndia, ~Iarriage!n !ndia, A S~in.rJ¡y Jesuit Missions in Japf\t1...... " .J ANUARY, llIlssions amon" the American ;"choo.1 II India, De~cnption of Indi.a ,ind Teaching Christianity in tiie Japanese 87 Iiidi,¡ns ...... ~...... 2,5 Qu.estions. ~llustnltions of a Brahm1l Of. Schools. . . " . . " ...... " 37 FEBHUARY Missions àmong the Roman fenng to His Idol, Idol Makers, Hindoo DistributionStatistics of ~Ii"sions in .1 'i pan .of . . . ..Missions . . . Catholic~ of inEurope. Japan...... : . . . . 37.. 2.5 C. Idol T Shop. N- . OENEHAL ARTICLES. APRIL,MARCH, Missions Missions among among the the Homan Africans, AFRICA 2!í ' NUMBi;R. HRISTIAN IDINGS..oontaining. o. aIt!. ¡ten~ral The Origin of Christian Missions...... ' 38 _ Catholics of America...... 2.5 statement of Chnstian Work in Afnca Foreign Sunday School Association.... 38 MAY, Missions among thp Chinese..... 2,5 anil (lU(stiorJs.. An, account of a .little ltems of :Missionary Work in Turkey.. 3\J JUNE, The Oriental Chnrcll(.s...... 2.5 Afriean,Cbnstian. (ustoni and Habits of cmLDREN'S DEPAHT~IENT. JULY, The Japanese...... 25 i Africans; An African Sunday school; A Woo's Nnv Year's Day in Tokio...... 40 '4O. _ ,Basuto Ghrlstian, elc. Illuslmtions of A Missionary Dialogue on Japan...... 41 F'uture Numbers of 1881. Soutli African Girls; A ZUlli village; Na Tice CrisisEDlTOHLH,. in Japan...... We shall iives give Ilustrated42 ofCHRISTEN Articles the on the Galioon. TIDINGS No 17. The I~iissian Ch,ircli in ,J,¡pan...... 42 following: CONTKNTs.-An ,¡ceountof the Country, Call to a Gr&at ~Iissionary ~Iovement.. 43 AUGUST-The Jews. People, and Rt'ligion of China. Destruc- Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian SEPTE)IlER-The Races'of India. tion of Idols in Cliina. Movement against Cliureh, North...... 43 OCTOBElt-'fhe 1110liammedans. the Temples in Chiua. The Way they do The Church's HOUl: and Opportuiiity. .. 43 NOYEMBEH-The Malays. in China. Questions on China. A din. A Missionary's View of ,Japau...... 44 DECgMHEH-Unoccupied Mission Fielils. logtle about Going as a Missionary. My Bible aJ1IMissionary Societies...... 4.1 I . e. e . First Penny. Illustrations of Punishment ,..lJlis,wnary N ' ews...... i CFIINA. ..7of I a man in China who kills his Father, and ILLUSTllATIONS. i The Gospel in all Lands for May, 1881, of an Image of Buddlia. 1. Feeding the Temple Birds in Japan. contains the fullest and most complete ac CHHISTL.\ TIDINGS No. 16. 2 The Present Mikado of Japan...... 2 count of Mission Work in China that has CONTENTS. - American Indian Boys 3. ÂA .JlaapPaanneesSee DCoOcUtColrL...... '...... '...... ' .... 3 ever been published, giving the names of ~:i;;~:l~jl~dian:hSto~~~~~i:tiO~ho~f hi~ 4. .. 4 'i' all the missionaries, statistics, present con- 5. ,Japanese House of the Betler Class. 5 dition etc. 56 quarto pages, 25 ß. apaneseJ Lad ies. 6 . Th. .. . ."'1 ...... f. . .M . ed "' agazineN and or raiseay, an the Missionary ewcents. trations children of American cultivateMoney. Indians.the MissionaryTwo Ilus. Spirit, 7. Town Costume in Japan.. . . '...... 7 Colored Map of China, 17x18 inches, wiii 8. Country Costume in Japan...... 7 be forwarded postage paid on receipt of CHRISTIAN TIDINGS No. 15. 9. Travell1g in a Canga in Japan. . .. 8 forty cents. CONTENTS. - Stories about American 10. Travelling.inaNorimoninJapan.. fJ '_e_.--.~~ India;i boys that sought and found the 11.12. Dimonoseki..... A Shinto ...... Tt'TTl'le 10 . Saviour...... Two...... 11 ehrbti:iii 'fiilings. Indians. Illustrations of American 13. Shiuto Prie-ts \VnitinC' to \Vorship "The Chlldren's Mlssionary Pap",.." I CHHISTIAN TIDI~GS No. 14. the Sun...... 12 Four Pages Monthly. 2õ Cents a Year. CONTENTS.-Au account of the belief of 14. A Japancse l"erry...... I:) The pages are the size ~f those in this i the Kanms of Burmah and work among 1;). Map of Japan...... 1Iì Magazine and the paper wil! only cost 8iz them. The Conversion of a Burman wo 1(. \Vomen of Sinioda...... 32 ' cen~ a yeaI' wli~n .twenty fXB 01' more are man. Paper Gods. The conversion of a 17. Japanese Wom"n andCliildren.. 8B taken. Subscnptions received for one or little girl on the Hawaiian Islands. The 18. A tihrinc of the Goddess of Mercy. 36 more months at yearly rates. c0nversion of a New Zealand girL. Five ----o-e. . We wi1sell those already published un- illustrations, showing the Tomb of a The Uospel iii all Lauùs. til our supply is exhausted, at the rate of Buddhist Saint, the Tooth of Buddha wor- The GOSPEL 11t ALL LANDS for .May is fifty cents a hundre~l for anyone number. shiped,. A. Burman R~sting House, A one of the finest númbers that has ever yet We have the following:- Buddhist PraJ'~ng J\achine, A group of been issued by the publisher. The plates I CllHISTIAN TIDI~OS ~o. 23. I ~ew Ze,¡land girls. . are exeelle!1t ~nd numerôu~. It. is on China i Contains an Acc~unt of the Greek. Chun:li, I. For ollier numbers, see Feliruary number amI the ~Ii'slOnary operations in that pop- I A Sunday.school in Ath~ns, A Missionary of the GOSPEL ll ALl, LAi'lDS.