SPORTS SPEED NEWS BULLETIN the Authoritative Source on Speed Improvement for Sports Vol
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National Association of Speed and Explosion Volume 4, Issue 14 January, 2008 SPORTS SPEED NEWS BULLETIN The authoritative source on speed improvement for sports Vol. 1, Issue 1 April, 2006 P.O. Box 1784, Kill Devil Hills, NC 27948 252-441-1185-Tel 449-4125-Fax e-mail: [email protected] Web Site: naseinc.com Dr. George Dintiman President BASEBALL AND SPEED Carol Ann Batson, What Major League Teams are Looking For Editor BOARD OF Speed is critical for running the bases, scoring runs, and extending the defensive DIRECTORS: range at all positions. It is also receiving more attention by college and major Frank Costello league scouts. Although testing is not as sophisticated as the NFL combine, a Dr. George Dintiman similar trend is developing in college and professional baseball. MLB combines Allan Johnson will be much more comprehensive in the future, especially in the area of speed. Dr. E. J. “Doc” Kreis Jeff Madden Hideshi Okamoto Numerous speed tests are currently in use, although not all reflect the skills in Dave Plettl the game of baseball. Baseball is a game of quickness and acceleration, not Tom Tellez maximum speed, and tests should reflect this concept. Some of the recommended battery of tests discussed below are already in use; others are used by a few MLB SUBSCRIPTION & , MEMBERSHIP teams, and still others have not been implemented. U.S.A.: $39. Canada, add $6. to 60-yard Dash (starting speed and acceleration) above; Other Foreign, add $10. Most MLB clubs use the stationary 60-yard dash as the measure of linear speed Subscription only: $29.95 even though no base runner sprints more than 30 yards before making a left turn toward second or third base and no infielder or outfielder ever sprints 60 yards Submit 1-2 page during a game. A 30-yard dash with splits at the 10 and 20-yard marks would be a articles to NASE more practical test. NEWS BULLETIN, P.O. BOX 1784, KILL DEVIL Sixty yards is about the distance needed for a world class sprinter to reach HILLS, NC 27948 or maximum speed so even this long sprint measures acceleration, and baseball is e-mail: 98% acceleration. Although some teams use electronic timing, most testing is [email protected] done with a stopwatch and standards are based on manual scores. Even if electronic timing is used, it is important to keep in mind when comparing baseball times to track athletes that the baseball runner does not react to a stimuli (sound of a gun) and the test and timing begins on the runner’s first muscular movement. This provides a 2/10 to 3/10 second advantage over the track athlete. Typical standards and ratings for the 60-yard dash are listed below. 60-YARD DASH MLB STANDARDS/RATINGS Minimum - Acceptable Under 7.0 seconds Good 6.5 - 6.9 Excellent 6.3 - 6.49 Superior under 6.3 A sub 7.0 second 60-yard dash is expected of players in most positions. Justin Upton posted an impressive 6.23 seconds in his first year. Few players are as fast as Upton. The best fourteen 60- yard times of 189 MLB prospects from the January 19, 2006, Puma All-American Event provide a “feel” for the acceleration speed of new prospects 1. Garrett Nash, 6.46, SS/OF from Utah (07) 2. James Coleman, 6.68, OF/P from Illinois (07) 3. Devon Torrence, 6.71, CF from Ohio (07) 4. Bennie Thomas, 6.75, CF from Florida (06) 5. Jeffrey Eubank, 6.77, OF/SS from Florida (07) 6. Brett Depalma, 6.81, OF from Pennsylvania (06) 7. (tie) Brandon Brown, 6.84, SS/3B from Florida (06) 7 (tie) Dennis Parker, 6.84, OF/3B from Nevada (06) 9. Kevin Brashears, 6.90, C/OF from Maryland (06) 10. Tim Steggall, 6.93, SS/2B from California (06) 11. (tie) David Blackwell, 6.95, OF from Ohio (06) 11. (tie) Derrick Fitzgerald, 6.95, SS from Virginia (07) 13. (tie) Patrick Johnson, 6.96, 3B/SS from Louisiana (06) 13. (tie) Sean Spratt, 6.96, OF/2B from Pennsylvania (06) To put times in perspective, a world class sprinter runs 60-meters (about 9% further in distance) in 6.39 seconds which is a rate of 10.27 yards per second (1 yard = 0.914 meters; 1 meter = 1.094 yards). Although unlikely, at this rate the sprinter would complete the 60 yards in 5.84. seconds. Recommended Replacement Test - NASE 120-Yard Dash with Four Splits. The NASE single 120-yard test (a variation of the test described in Sports Speed News Bulletin June 06 pg 2-4) would be an excellent replacement for the 60-yard dash and, in one single run of 120-yards, provide a stationary 10-yard time, a stationary 30-yard and 60-yard time, a mph or maximum speed (time from the 60 to 90-yard mark) and a speed endurance evaluation based on the drop-off in comparing times from the 30-60 yard mark and the 90-120 yard mark. This one test measures starting ability, short (10 yards) and long (60 yards) acceleration, maximum mph speed, and speed endurance (anaerobic endurance). The 10-yard sprint may be the single most valuable test in baseball for players in all positions; and it represents an area that can easily be improved with proper training. Recommended Test - NASE First-Three Step Test (see Sports Speed News Bulletin, June 06 pg 6). This test measures the time and distance covered in the first three steps from the preparatory posture of an infielder or outfielder; forward, backward and diagonally. The watch begins with the first muscular movement and ends when the third step is completed (foot strikes the ground). Crack of the Bat to First Base, to Second Base, to Third Base, to Home Most scouts start the stopwatch as the bat is hitting the ball; slightly anticipating the swing to get an accurate time. Some click their watch as the ball crosses home plate. The watch is stopped when the Page 2 of 12 hitter's foot touches first base. Since left-handed hitters are a step closer to first base, their times are graded a 10th of a second quicker. The same procedure is followed to test the crack of the bat to second, third, or home (inside the park home run). A better way to determine times from the crack of the bat is to do so during an actual game when athletes are performing at their maximum. Results would also reveal situations where less than maximum performance was evident, allow coaches to compare times at all levels of competition (college, minors, and MLB) to evaluate prospects, and be used to determine when an injured athlete is fully recovered and ready to return to the line-up. An excellent study was conducted by Gene Coleman of the Houston Astros and others (“Changes in running speed in game situations during a season of major league baseball,” An International Electronic Journal , Volume 7 Number 3 June 2004, Sports Physiology) to determine how often and how hard professional baseball players run to first base during the season and whether or not they are able to maintain peak speed throughout the season. Ten MLB players participated in the study and 2,683 times were recorded during 162 games as players ran from home plate to first base (30 yards) in game situations. The study concluded that players do not run all-out on every play. There was also no significant change in speed from month to month during the 6-month season. The main finding of this study was that running speed to first base in a subset of Major League Baseball players is maintained throughout the season. Although unsubstantiated, one of the best times ever recorded was Mickey Mantel who is said to have run 3.4 from the left side and 3.1 on a bunt. CRACK OF THE BAT TO FIRST: STANDARDS AND RATINGS Right Handed Hitter Left Handed Hitter Average 4.3 seconds 4.2 seconds Good 4.2 seconds 4.1 seconds Exceptional 4.1 and under 4.0 and under CRACK OF THE BAT TO THIRD: STANDARDS AND RATINGS Average 11.3 - 11.7 seconds Good 10.8 - 11.2 seconds Exceptional 10.4 - 10.7 seconds CRACK OF THE BAT TO SECOND - Not available CRACK OF THE BAT TO HOME: STANDARDS AND RATINGS Average 15.5 seconds Good 14.1 - 15.0 seconds Exceptional 14.0 seconds or less Page 3 of 12 First Base to Second, Second to Third, Third to Home (each with a pre-measured lead) Most teams have players assume the base running position with a pre-measured lead and start the clock when the beam is broken or muscular movement is noted and stop when the base is touched. FIRST TO SECOND (BASE RUNNING) Players must be below 3.2 seconds to steal second against the average time of major league catchers and pitchers. TIME (Base runner to second) Predicted Outcome 3.3 seconds or more Will be thrown out 3.2 - 3.3 seconds 50/50 chances of stealing second 3.1 seconds or less Stolen base SECOND TO THIRD (BASE RUNNING) - Not available FIRST TO THIRD (BASE RUNNING) Average 7.0 seconds Good 6.8 - 6.9 seconds Exceptional 6.7 seconds or less There are players in all positions in the Major Leagues who fall below the lowest standards in one or more speed tests. Some players survive on their hitting, fielding, arm strength and accuracy and lack of speed is overlooked, depending on their position.