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The Participation of Women Believers and the Family in Later Languedocian Catharism, 1300-1308

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The Participation of Women Believers and the Family in Later Languedocian Catharism, 1300-1308 University of Wisconsin Milwaukee UWM Digital Commons Theses and Dissertations May 2020 The Participation of Women Believers and the Family in Later Languedocian Catharism, 1300-1308 William Grant Edmundson University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.uwm.edu/etd Part of the History of Religion Commons, and the Medieval History Commons Recommended Citation Edmundson, William Grant, "The Participation of Women Believers and the Family in Later Languedocian Catharism, 1300-1308" (2020). Theses and Dissertations. 2369. https://dc.uwm.edu/etd/2369 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by UWM Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of UWM Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN BELIEVERS AND THE FAMILY IN LATER LANGUEDOCIAN CATHARISM, 1300-1308 by WilliAm G. Edmundson A Thesis Submitted in PArtiAl Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MAster of Arts in History at The University of Wisconsin-MilwAukee MAy 2020 ABSTRACT THE PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN BELIEVERS AND THE FAMILY IN LATER LANGUEDOCIAN CATHARISM, 1300-1308 by WilliAm G. Edmundson The University of Wisconsin-MilwAukee, 2020 Under the Supervision of Distinguished Professor EmeritA Merry Wiesner-HAnks This mAster’s thesis meAns to contribute to scholArship on the nature of lived Catharism in lAter medieval LAnguedoc. The study uses depositions from the inquisition registers of JAcques Fournier and Geoffroy d’Ablis, as well as Bernard Gui’s Liber sententiarum (book of sentences) to examine and compare how men, women, and families who were friends, relAtives, Accomplices, believers, and defenders of Cathar perfecti (the Cathar spiritual elite) participated in And supported the sect during the “Authié revival” from 1300 to 1308 by meAns of a cAse study on the Benet family from MontAillou and Ax. The study argues that although the participation of men and women mAnifested in different forms, credentes (believers) of both sexes were cApable of involvement in Catharism to similAr degrees, cleArly working to perpetuate the sect And support its ministers. In doing so, the study reinforces eArlier scholArship on the “family heritAge” of lAter Catharism. The thesis argues that during this resurgence the perfecti becAme dependent on networks of households of believers whose members served as guides, messengers, and advisors to the hereticAl preAchers until the mAjority of the Authié heretics were burned at the stAke after the CarcAssonne inquisition from 1308 to 1309, and the final perfectus, Guilhem Belibaste, wAs executeD in 1321. ii ã Copyright by WilliAm G. Edmundson, 2020 All Rights ReserveD iii For my family And friends iv TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................................ v LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ....................................................................................................... vii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ......................................................................................................... viii Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1 Chapter One: Background, HistoriographicAl Overview, Sources, and PlAn of Work ................... 5 An Overview of the ScholArship on Women in Catharism ....................................................... 11 Historiography of the Cathar Household and FAmily ............................................................... 22 Sources of the Study .................................................................................................................. 30 VAt. LAt. MS 4030; the Fournier Inquisition Register ........................................................... 30 BnF MS 4269; the Register of Geoffroy d’Ablis .................................................................. 33 British Library Add. MS 4697; the Sentences of Bernard Gui ............................................. 34 The Problem of Sources ........................................................................................................ 35 PlAn of Work ............................................................................................................................. 37 Chapter Two: Guilhem and GuillelmA Benet I ............................................................................. 40 Guilhem Benet ........................................................................................................................... 42 SpreAder of HereticAl TeAchings and MAker of ThreAts ........................................................ 44 Host of Heretics ..................................................................................................................... 45 An Organizer and Procurer of Heretics ................................................................................. 47 GuillelmA Benet I ...................................................................................................................... 56 MAking Introductions ............................................................................................................ 57 Becoming Active ................................................................................................................... 59 Perpetuating Heresy and Assuming a Guiding Role ............................................................. 62 Conclusions ........................................................................................................................... 70 Chapter Three: The Benet Sons, Raimond, Bernart, and Pèire .................................................... 73 Raimond Benet .......................................................................................................................... 74 Raimond’s Keeping of HereticAl Company ........................................................................... 75 AssistAnt in HereticAtions ...................................................................................................... 77 Sickness, HereticAtion, and DeAth ......................................................................................... 79 Bernart Benet ............................................................................................................................. 80 Bernart and the HereticAtion of Guilhem Guilhabert ............................................................ 81 Bernart’s Capture ................................................................................................................... 85 Pèire Benet ................................................................................................................................ 86 Perhaps a Believer ................................................................................................................. 87 v Conclusions ........................................................................................................................... 88 Chapter Four: The Benet DAughters, Alazaïs, GuillelmA II, EsclArmonda, and MontAnha .......... 89 Alazaïs Benet ............................................................................................................................. 89 Rumored to HAve Been a Heretic .......................................................................................... 89 Consorting with Heretics ....................................................................................................... 90 HereticAteD ............................................................................................................................. 91 GuillelmA Benet II ..................................................................................................................... 94 Listening to Heretics PreAch .................................................................................................. 95 Chapter Five: The Ax Benets, Arnaut, GAlharda I, and GAlharda II .......................................... 100 Arnaut and GAlharda Benet I ................................................................................................... 100 Keeping HereticAl Company ............................................................................................... 101 GAlharda Benet II .................................................................................................................... 103 Rumor .................................................................................................................................. 103 Defender of the Heretics ...................................................................................................... 104 MAking the melhorament to and Visiting Heretics .............................................................. 105 AssistAnt in HereticAtions .................................................................................................... 110 Conclusions ......................................................................................................................... 116 Conclusion .................................................................................................................................. 117 Bibliography ............................................................................................................................... 121 MAnuscript Sources ................................................................................................................
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