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First Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP ) Observations: Determination of Cosmological Parameters
Accepted by the Astrophysical Journal First Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP ) Observations: Determination of Cosmological Parameters D. N. Spergel 2, L. Verde 2 3, H. V. Peiris 2, E. Komatsu 2, M. R. Nolta 4, C. L. Bennett 5, M. Halpern 6, G. Hinshaw 5, N. Jarosik 4, A. Kogut 5, M. Limon 5 7, S. S. Meyer 8, L. Page 4, G. S. Tucker 5 7 9, J. L. Weiland 10, E. Wollack 5, & E. L. Wright 11 [email protected] ABSTRACT WMAP precision data enables accurate testing of cosmological models. We find that the emerging standard model of cosmology, a flat ¡ −dominated universe seeded by a nearly scale-invariant adiabatic Gaussian fluctuations, fits the WMAP data. For the WMAP data 2 2 £ ¢ ¤ ¢ £ ¢ ¤ ¢ £ ¢ only, the best fit parameters are h = 0 ¢ 72 0 05, bh = 0 024 0 001, mh = 0 14 0 02, ¥ +0 ¦ 076 ¢ £ ¢ § ¢ £ ¢ = 0 ¢ 166− , n = 0 99 0 04, and = 0 9 0 1. With parameters fixed only by WMAP 0 ¦ 071 s 8 data, we can fit finer scale CMB measurements and measurements of large scale structure (galaxy surveys and the Lyman ¨ forest). This simple model is also consistent with a host of other astronomical measurements: its inferred age of the universe is consistent with stel- lar ages, the baryon/photon ratio is consistent with measurements of the [D]/[H] ratio, and the inferred Hubble constant is consistent with local observations of the expansion rate. We then fit the model parameters to a combination of WMAP data with other finer scale CMB experi- ments (ACBAR and CBI), 2dFGRS measurements and Lyman ¨ forest data to find the model’s 1WMAP is the result of a partnership between Princeton University and NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center. -
Adrien Christian René THOB
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE MORPHOLOGY AND KINEMATICS OF GALAXIES AND ITS DEPENDENCE ON DARK MATTER HALO STRUCTURE IN SIMULATED GALAXIES Adrien Christian René THOB A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of Liverpool John Moores University for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. 26 April 2019 To my grand-parents, René Roumeaux, Christian Thob, Yvette Roumeaux (née Bajaud) and Anne-Marie Thob (née Léglise). ii Abstract Galaxies are among nature’s most majestic and diverse structures. They can play host to as few as several thousands of stars, or as many as hundreds of billions. They exhibit a broad range of shapes, sizes, colours, and they can inhabit vastly differing cosmic environments. The physics of galaxy formation is highly non-linear and in- volves a variety of physical mechanisms, precluding the development of entirely an- alytic descriptions, thus requiring that theoretical ideas concerning the origin of this diversity are tested via the confrontation of numerical models (or “simulations”) with observational measurements. The EAGLE project (which stands for Evolution and Assembly of GaLaxies and their Environments) is a state-of-the-art suite of such cos- mological hydrodynamical simulations of the Universe. EAGLE is unique in that the ill-understood efficiencies of feedback mechanisms implemented in the model were calibrated to ensure that the observed stellar masses and sizes of present-day galaxies were reproduced. We investigate the connection between the morphology and internal 9:5 kinematics of the stellar component of central galaxies with mass M? > 10 M in the EAGLE simulations. We compare several kinematic diagnostics commonly used to describe simulated galaxies, and find good consistency between them. -
Letter of Interest Cosmic Probes of Ultra-Light Axion Dark Matter
Snowmass2021 - Letter of Interest Cosmic probes of ultra-light axion dark matter Thematic Areas: (check all that apply /) (CF1) Dark Matter: Particle Like (CF2) Dark Matter: Wavelike (CF3) Dark Matter: Cosmic Probes (CF4) Dark Energy and Cosmic Acceleration: The Modern Universe (CF5) Dark Energy and Cosmic Acceleration: Cosmic Dawn and Before (CF6) Dark Energy and Cosmic Acceleration: Complementarity of Probes and New Facilities (CF7) Cosmic Probes of Fundamental Physics (TF09) Astro-particle physics and cosmology Contact Information: Name (Institution) [email]: Keir K. Rogers (Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, Stockholm University; Dunlap Institute, University of Toronto) [ [email protected]] Authors: Simeon Bird (UC Riverside), Simon Birrer (Stanford University), Djuna Croon (TRIUMF), Alex Drlica-Wagner (Fermilab, University of Chicago), Jeff A. Dror (UC Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory), Daniel Grin (Haverford College), David J. E. Marsh (Georg-August University Goettingen), Philip Mocz (Princeton), Ethan Nadler (Stanford), Chanda Prescod-Weinstein (University of New Hamp- shire), Keir K. Rogers (Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, Stockholm University; Dunlap Insti- tute, University of Toronto), Katelin Schutz (MIT), Neelima Sehgal (Stony Brook University), Yu-Dai Tsai (Fermilab), Tien-Tien Yu (University of Oregon), Yimin Zhong (University of Chicago). Abstract: Ultra-light axions are a compelling dark matter candidate, motivated by the string axiverse, the strong CP problem in QCD, and possible tensions in the CDM model. They are hard to probe experimentally, and so cosmological/astrophysical observations are very sensitive to the distinctive gravitational phenomena of ULA dark matter. There is the prospect of probing fifteen orders of magnitude in mass, often down to sub-percent contributions to the DM in the next ten to twenty years. -
The Hi Velocity Function: a Test of Cosmology Or Baryon Physics?
MNRAS 000,1{19 (2019) Preprint 18 July 2019 Compiled using MNRAS LATEX style file v3.0 The Hi Velocity Function: a test of cosmology or baryon physics? Garima Chauhan,1;2? Claudia del P. Lagos,1;2 Danail Obreschkow,1;2 Chris Power,1;2 Kyle Oman,3 Pascal J. Elahi,1;2 1International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research (ICRAR), 7 Fairway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. 2ARC Centre of Excellence for All Sky Astrophysics in 3 Dimensions (ASTRO 3D), Australia. 3Kapteyn Institute,Landleven 12, 9747 AD Groningen, Netherlands. Accepted XXX. Received YYY; in original form ZZZ ABSTRACT Accurately predicting the shape of the Hi velocity function of galaxies is regarded widely as a fundamental test of any viable dark matter model. Straightforward anal- yses of cosmological N-body simulations imply that the ΛCDM model predicts an overabundance of low circular velocity galaxies when compared to observed Hi ve- locity functions. More nuanced analyses that account for the relationship between galaxies and their host haloes suggest that how we model the influence of baryonic processes has a significant impact on Hi velocity function predictions. We explore this in detail by modelling Hi emission lines of galaxies in the Shark semi-analytic galaxy formation model, built on the surfs suite of ΛCDM N-body simulations. We create a simulated ALFALFA survey, in which we apply the survey selection function and account for effects such as beam confusion, and compare simulated and observed Hi velocity width distributions, finding differences of . 50%, orders of magnitude smaller than the discrepancies reported in the past. -
Mixed Axion/Neutralino Cold Dark Matter in Supersymmetric Models
Preprint typeset in JHEP style - HYPER VERSION Mixed axion/neutralino cold dark matter in supersymmetric models Howard Baera, Andre Lessaa, Shibi Rajagopalana,b and Warintorn Sreethawonga aDept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA bLaboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, UJF Grenoble 1, CNRS/IN2P3, INPG, 53 Avenue des Martyrs, F-38026 Grenoble, France E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected],[email protected] Abstract: We consider supersymmetric (SUSY) models wherein the strong CP problem is solved by the Peccei-Quinn (PQ) mechanism with a concommitant axion/axino supermul- tiplet. We examine R-parity conserving models where the neutralino is the lightest SUSY particle, so that a mixture of neutralinos and axions serve as cold dark matter (aZ1 CDM). The mixed aZ1 CDM scenario can match the measured dark matter abundance for SUSY models which typically give too low a value of the usual thermal neutralino abundance,e such as modelse with wino-like or higgsino-like dark matter. The usual thermal neutralino abundance can be greatly enhanced by the decay of thermally-produced axinos (˜a) to neu- tralinos, followed by neutralino re-annihilation at temperatures much lower than freeze-out. In this case, the relic density is usually neutralino dominated, and goes as (f /N)/m3/2. ∼ a a˜ If axino decay occurs before neutralino freeze-out, then instead the neutralino abundance can be augmented by relic axions to match the measured abundance. Entropy production from late-time axino decays can diminish the axion abundance, but ultimately not the arXiv:1103.5413v1 [hep-ph] 28 Mar 2011 neutralino abundance. -
Dark Energy and Dark Matter
Dark Energy and Dark Matter Jeevan Regmi Department of Physics, Prithvi Narayan Campus, Pokhara [email protected] Abstract: The new discoveries and evidences in the field of astrophysics have explored new area of discussion each day. It provides an inspiration for the search of new laws and symmetries in nature. One of the interesting issues of the decade is the accelerating universe. Though much is known about universe, still a lot of mysteries are present about it. The new concepts of dark energy and dark matter are being explained to answer the mysterious facts. However it unfolds the rays of hope for solving the various properties and dimensions of space. Keywords: dark energy, dark matter, accelerating universe, space-time curvature, cosmological constant, gravitational lensing. 1. INTRODUCTION observations. Precision measurements of the cosmic It was Albert Einstein first to realize that empty microwave background (CMB) have shown that the space is not 'nothing'. Space has amazing properties. total energy density of the universe is very near the Many of which are just beginning to be understood. critical density needed to make the universe flat The first property that Einstein discovered is that it is (i.e. the curvature of space-time, defined in General possible for more space to come into existence. And Relativity, goes to zero on large scales). Since energy his cosmological constant makes a prediction that is equivalent to mass (Special Relativity: E = mc2), empty space can possess its own energy. Theorists this is usually expressed in terms of a critical mass still don't have correct explanation for this but they density needed to make the universe flat. -
FIRST-YEAR WILKINSON MICROWAVE ANISOTROPY PROBE (WMAP) 1 OBSERVATIONS: DETERMINATION of COSMOLOGICAL PARAMETERS D. N. Spergel,2
The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, 148:175–194, 2003 September E # 2003. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. Printed in U.S.A. FIRST-YEAR WILKINSON MICROWAVE ANISOTROPY PROBE (WMAP)1 OBSERVATIONS: DETERMINATION OF COSMOLOGICAL PARAMETERS D. N. Spergel,2 L. Verde,2,3 H. V. Peiris,2 E. Komatsu,2 M. R. Nolta,4 C. L. Bennett,5 M. Halpern,6 G. Hinshaw,5 N. Jarosik,4 A. Kogut,5 M. Limon,5,7 S. S. Meyer,8 L. Page,4 G. S. Tucker,5,7,9 J. L. Weiland,10 E. Wollack,5 and E. L. Wright11 Received 2003 February 11; accepted 2003 May 20 ABSTRACT WMAP precision data enable accurate testing of cosmological models. We find that the emerging standard model of cosmology, a flat Ã-dominated universe seeded by a nearly scale-invariant adiabatic Gaussian fluctuations, fits the WMAP data. For the WMAP data only, the best-fit parameters are h ¼ 0:72 Æ 0:05, 2 2 þ0:076 bh ¼ 0:024 Æ 0:001, mh ¼ 0:14 Æ 0:02, ¼ 0:166À0:071, ns ¼ 0:99 Æ 0:04, and 8 ¼ 0:9 Æ 0:1. With parameters fixed only by WMAP data, we can fit finer scale cosmic microwave background (CMB) measure- ments and measurements of large-scale structure (galaxy surveys and the Ly forest). This simple model is also consistent with a host of other astronomical measurements: its inferred age of the universe is consistent with stellar ages, the baryon/photon ratio is consistent with measurements of the [D/H] ratio, and the inferred Hubble constant is consistent with local observations of the expansion rate. -
CMBEASY:: an Object Oriented Code for the Cosmic Microwave
www.cmbeasy.org CMBEASY:: an Object Oriented Code for the Cosmic Microwave Background Michael Doran∗ Department of Physics & Astronomy, HB 6127 Wilder Laboratory, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA and Institut f¨ur Theoretische Physik der Universit¨at Heidelberg, Philosophenweg 16, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany We have ported the cmbfast package to the C++ programming language to produce cmbeasy, an object oriented code for the cosmic microwave background. The code is available at www.cmbeasy.org. We sketch the design of the new code, emphasizing the benefits of object orienta- tion in cosmology, which allow for simple substitution of different cosmological models and gauges. Both gauge invariant perturbations and quintessence support has been added to the code. For ease of use, as well as for instruction, a graphical user interface is available. I. INTRODUCTION energy, dark matter, baryons and neutrinos. The dark energy can be a cosmological constant or quintessence. The cmbfast computer program for calculating cos- There are three scalar field field models implemented, or mic microwave background (CMB) temperature and po- alternatively one may specify an equation-of-state his- larization anisotropy spectra, implementing the fast line- tory. Furthermore, the modular code is easily adapted of-sight integration method, has been publicly available to new problems in cosmology. since 1996 [1]. It has been widely used to calculate spec- In the next section IIA we explain object oriented pro- cm- tra for open, closed, and flat cosmological models con- gramming and its use in cosmology. The design of beasy taining baryons and photons, cold dark matter, massless is presented in section II B, while the graphical and massive neutrinos, and a cosmological constant. -
The Effects of the Small-Scale Behaviour of Dark Matter Power Spectrum on CMB Spectral Distortion
Prepared for submission to JCAP The effects of the small-scale behaviour of dark matter power spectrum on CMB spectral distortion Abir Sarkar,1,2 Shiv.K.Sethi,1 Subinoy Das3 1Raman Research Institute, CV Raman Ave Sadashivnagar, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560080, India 2Indian Institute of Science,CV Raman Ave, Devasandra Layout, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India 3Indian Institute of Astrophysics,100 Feet Rd, Madiwala, 2nd Block, Koramangala, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560034, India E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Abstract. After numerous astronomical and experimental searches, the precise particle nature of dark matter is still unknown. The standard Weakly Interacting Massive Particle(WIMP) dark mat- ter, despite successfully explaining the large-scale features of the universe, has long-standing small- scale issues. The spectral distortion in the Cosmic Microwave Background(CMB) caused by Silk damping in the pre-recombination era allows one to access information on a range of small scales 0.3Mpc <k< 104 Mpc−1, whose dynamics can be precisely described using linear theory. In this paper, we investigate the possibility of using the Silk damping induced CMB spectral distortion as a probe of the small-scale power. We consider four suggested alternative dark matter candidates— Warm Dark Matter (WDM), Late Forming Dark Matter (LFDM), Ultra Light Axion (ULA) dark matter and Charged Decaying Dark Matter (CHDM); the matter power in all these models deviate significantly from the ΛCDM model at small scales. We compute the spectral distortion of CMB for these alternative models and compare our results with the ΛCDM model. We show that the main arXiv:1701.07273v3 [astro-ph.CO] 7 Jul 2017 impact of alternative models is to alter the sub-horizon evolution of the Newtonian potential which affects the late-time behaviour of spectral distortion of CMB. -
X-Ray Line Signal from Decaying Axino Warm Dark Matter
Physics Letters B 735 (2014) 92–94 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Physics Letters B www.elsevier.com/locate/physletb X-ray line signal from decaying axino warm dark matter ∗ Ki-Young Choi a, , Osamu Seto b a Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, Daejon 305-348, Republic of Korea b Department of Life Science and Technology, Hokkai-Gakuen University, Sapporo 062-8605, Japan a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: We consider axino warm dark matter in a supersymmetric axion model with R-parity violation. In this Received 11 March 2014 scenario, axino with the mass ma˜ 7keVcan decay into photon and neutrino resulting in the X-ray line Received in revised form 14 May 2014 signal at 3.5 keV, which might be the origin of unidentified X-ray emissions from galaxy clusters and Accepted 3 June 2014 Andromeda galaxy detected by the XMM-Newton X-ray observatory. Available online 6 June 2014 © 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license Editor: A. Ringwald 3 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/). Funded by SCOAP . 1. Introduction In Section 2 we introduce the model of axino dark matter and in Section 3 we consider the R-parity violation and decay of axinos. Various astrophysical and cosmological observations provide We summarize in Section 4. convincing evidences for the existence of dark matter (DM). Dark matter distribution spans in wide range of scales from galaxy to 2. -
The Connection Between Galaxy Stellar Masses and Dark Matter
The Connection Between Galaxy Stellar Masses and Dark Matter Halo Masses: Constraints from Semi-Analytic Modeling and Correlation Functions by Catherine E. White A dissertation submitted to The Johns Hopkins University in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Baltimore, Maryland August, 2016 c Catherine E. White 2016 ⃝ All rights reserved Abstract One of the basic observations that galaxy formation models try to reproduce is the buildup of stellar mass in dark matter halos, generally characterized by the stellar mass-halo mass relation, M? (Mhalo). Models have difficulty matching the < 11 observed M? (Mhalo): modeled low mass galaxies (Mhalo 10 M ) form their stars ∼ ⊙ significantly earlier than observations suggest. Our goal in this thesis is twofold: first, work with a well-tested semi-analytic model of galaxy formation to explore the physics needed to match existing measurements of the M? (Mhalo) relation for low mass galaxies and second, use correlation functions to place additional constraints on M? (Mhalo). For the first project, we introduce idealized physical prescriptions into the semi-analytic model to test the effects of (1) more efficient supernova feedback with a higher mass-loading factor for low mass galaxies at higher redshifts, (2) less efficient star formation with longer star formation timescales at higher redshift, or (3) less efficient gas accretion with longer infall timescales for lower mass galaxies. In addition to M? (Mhalo), we examine cold gas fractions, star formation rates, and metallicities to characterize the secondary effects of these prescriptions. ii ABSTRACT The technique of abundance matching has been widely used to estimate M? (Mhalo) at high redshift, and in principle, clustering measurements provide a powerful inde- pendent means to derive this relation. -
WNPPC Program Booklet
58th Winter Nuclear & Particle Physics Virtual Conference WNPPC 2021 February 9-12 2021 WNPPC.TRIUMF.CA Book of Abstracts 58th WINTER NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS CONFERENCE WNPPC 2021 Virtual Online Conference February 9 - 12, 2021 Organizing Committee Soud Al Kharusi . McGill Alain Bellerive . Carleton Thomas Brunner . current chair, McGill Jens Dilling . TRIUMF Beatrice Franke . future chair, TRIUMF Dana Giasson . TRIUMF Gwen Grinyer . Regina Blair Jamieson . past chair, Winnipeg Allayne McGowan . TRIUMF Tony Noble . Queen's Ken Ragan . McGill Hussain Rasiwala . McGill Jana Thomson . TRIUMF Andreas Warburton . McGill Hosted by McGill University and TRIUMF WNPPC j i Welcome to WNPPC 2021! On behalf of the organizing committee, I would like to welcome you to the 58th Winter Nuclear and Particle Physics Conference. As always, this year's conference brings to- gether scientists from the entire Canadian subatomic physics community and serves as an important venue for our junior scientists and researchers from across the country to network and socialize. Unlike previous conferences of this series, we will unfortunately not be able to meet in person this year. WNPPC 2021 will be a virtual online conference. A big part of WNPPC, besides all the excellent physics presentations, has been the opportunity to meet old friends and make new ones, and to discuss physics, talk about life, and develop our community. The social aspect of WNPPC has been one of the things that makes this conference so special and dear to many of us. Our goal in the organizing committee has been to keep this spirit alive this year despite being restricted to a virtual format, and provide ample opportunities to meet with peers, form new friendships, and enjoy each other's company.