DOCSLIB.ORG

Comparative Analysis of Animal Based Feed Preferences in Selected

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Comparative Analysis of Animal Based Feed Preferences in Selected International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies 2019; 7(2): 42-45 E-ISSN: 2347-5129 P-ISSN: 2394-0506 (ICV-Poland) Impact Value: 5.62 Comparative analysis of animal based feed preferences (GIF) Impact Factor: 0.549 IJFAS 2019; 7(2): 42-45 in selected Aquarium fishes © 2019 IJFAS www.fisheriesjournal.com Received: 17-01-2019 Ephsy K Davis and Selvaraju Raja Accepted: 20-02-2019 Ephsy K Davis Abstract Department of Zoology, Ornamental fishes are always an attractive add to your decoration design. In an aquatic ecosystem, the Kongunadu Arts and Science live food organisms constitute the most valuable resources for aquaculture. This outstanding achievement College, Coimbatore, Tamil in animal based feed has resulted in increased survival, higher growth rate and greater resistance to stress. Nadu, India The study of the comparative feeding preferences of ornamental fishes Trichogaster trichopterus(Gourami), Puntius conchonius (Rosybarb), Cyrtocara moorii (Blue Dolphin cichlid), Selvaraju Raja Poecilia sphenops (Blackmolly), Paracheirodon innesi (Neon tetra) towards Mosquito larva, Department of Zoology, Bloodworms and Earthworm has revealed that fishes were fed three feeds and they preferred bloodworm Kongunadu Arts and Science and mosquito larvae. Fish primarily detect food in the aquarium through olfaction (smell) and sight College, Coimbatore, Tamil ratherthan appearance, feel, and taste of the live foods. The Puntius conchonius fish consumed mosquito Nadu, India larvae then earthworm (34.8±7.0 mg and 29.4±4.23 mg) and Trichogaster trichopterus feed more bloodworm (41.25±4.03mg) in short time duration. The selected fishes are indeed suitable feed on mosquito larvae that can be used from wild in the context of mosquito management and inexpensive resources of this larvae can be used for aquarium fish production as alternative potential feed to reduce the feed cost. Keywords: Ornamental fishes, animal based feeds, feeding preferences, mosquito larvae Introduction Ornamental fishes are attractive colourful fishes of various characteristics, which are kept as pets in confined space of an aquarium or a garden pool for fun and fancy. Ornamental fish is one of the important items among the various types of commercially important fishes marketed nationally and internationally. Generally, all basic nutritional requirements are met in commercial diets based on fish meal as the main protein, and fish oil as a source of essential fatty acids and sterols. However, as a result of increasing aquaculture, both at regional and national scales, and the increasing susceptibility of ocean fisheries to natural events, the search for alternative diets that are able to sustain fish production and are economically and ecologically viable has become necessary. Development of a suitable live feed for aquarium fishes requires the information about the nutritional requirements, which is scarcely available. Thus it is high time to draw the attention of aquaculture researchers to turn their efforts to this sector so as to generate relevant information for further development of suitable aquarium fish feed in the country. The information provided in this article gives an insight about the nutrition of aquarium fishes. The ornamental fishes were herbivores, carnivores and omnivores and they are selected based on their body colour, body shape. The selected feeds were Mosquito larvae(Anopheles spp.), Bloodworm and Earthworm which contribute a good nutritious foods for ornamental fishes as Trichogaster trichopterus (Gourami), Puntius conchonius (Rosybarb), Cyrtocara moorii (Blue Dolphin cichlid), Poecilia sphenops (Blackmolly), Paracheirodon innesi (Neon tetra). The animal based feeds contain all nutrients such as protein, carbohydrates, lipids, vitamins and minerals (New, 1998). Providing appropriate live food at proper time play a major role in achieving maximum growth and survival of the young ones. To achieve maximum production Correspondence and profitability, the nutritional components of natural foods must be identified and quantified. Selvaraju Raja Nutritional value of live food organisms can improve the breeding and health of fishes. In this Department of Zoology, current study, Earthworm species Eudrilus eugeniae and Mosquito species Anopheles larvae Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore, Tamil and the blood worm are given as feed to the cultured fish and the fish preference has been Nadu, India analysed. Mosquito larvae and Earthworms contribute a good nutritious food for ornamental ~ 42 ~ International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies fishes. Mosquito larvae are excellent source of protein (De La 5. Introduction of animal based feeds in to aquarium Noue and Choubert, 1985) [10]. Earthworms are also good tanks source of nutrients (Hilton, 1983) [7] they commonly found in Animal based feed of each species about 50mg of weight soil, feeding on live and dead organic matter. Anopheles were introduced into tanks, each feeds weighed individually mosquito larvae has short siphon, head is longer than broad to make 50 mg, each feed weight of mosquito larvae (1.3mg), and has palmate hairs on the sides of abdomen. This mosquito Bloodworm (4.5mg), and Earthworm (8.4mg) were observed. larvae are known vector for transmission of diseases in worldwide, including the pathogens which are responsible for 6. Physico-chemical parameters equine infectious malaria (Homski et al., 1994; Walker, 2002) Physico- chemical parameters that included Temperature, pH, [8, 19]. In this study, the common ornamental fishes is used in Dissolved oxygen (Winkler, 1888) [20], Salinity (Baseggio, experiments designed to assess the feeding of third instars of 1974) [4] and Ammonia (APHA, 1998) [1] was measured. Anopheles spp. and the result indicate that fishes were feed on mosquito larvae. The selected fishes were prefer all given live 7. Statistical analysis of data feeds. The water characteristics like physico-chemical All the collected data were statistically analysed. parameters are influencing fishes feeding habitats in aquarium water (Janardan and Goswami, 2012) [9]. This studies the Results emphasis on Physico-chemical parameters, proximate The present study emphasis on the feeding behaviour and composition of animal based feeds, and feed preference based preference in aquarium fishes versus animal based feeds like on quantity of feed consumption of fishes. Bloodworm, Mosquito larvae and Earthworm. A total of 5 fish species were selected. Cyrtocara moorii have length Materials and methods (6.98±0.06cm) and weight (4.19±0.005g) larger than that of The current study was designed to unveil the assessment of other selected fishes. Fish size and numbers were more feeding behaviours in aquarium fishes versus animal based similar at the end of the experiment. The Earthworm feed feeds. The animal based feeds are a convenient and often have large size as length (13.02 ±0.03mm) and weight (8.4 essential food source for ornamental fish. The study extends ±0.002mg) shown in table2. further to the control of mosquito larvae. Table 1: Length and weight of aquarium fishes 1. Selection of ornamental fishes Fish species Length(cm) Weight(g) Five different exotic ornamental fishes were collected from Trichogaster trichopterus 5.43±0.07 2.95± 0.007 five different families- Trichogaster trichopterus (Gourami- Puntius conchonius 3.73±0.07 1.49±0.005 Osphronemidae family), Puntius conchonius (Rosybarb- Poecilia sphenops 3.20±0.05 1.07±0.005 Cyprinidae family), Cyrtocara moorii (Blue Dolphin cichlid- Cyrtocara moorii 6.98±0.06 4.19±0.005 Cichlidae family), Poecilia sphenops (Blackmolly- Poecilidae Paracheirodon innesi 2.53±0.04 0.17±0.008 family) and Paracheirodon innesi (Neon tetra- Characidae *Mean± SD value family). Table 2: Weights and lengths of selected live feeds 2. Maintenance of ornamental fishes Animal based feeds Length(mm) Wet weight(mg) Glass tank filled with 12L of water was used to culture the Anopheles spp. 7.01 ±0.02 1.3 ±0.002 fishes. To supply oxygen to the tanks, air pumps and air Glycera dibranchiate 10.21 ±0.01 4.5 ±0.001 stones were used. Six fishes from each species was introduced Eudrilus eugeniae 13.02 ±0.03 8.4 ±0.002 to the tanks. Feeds where given to all the tanks. *Mean± SD value 3. Measured the length and weight of fishes Given the importance of water physicochemical parameters, Selected fishes were weighed and their length was measured. including pH, Temperature, Salinity, Dissolved oxygen, Ammonia and its effect on feeding all the time, they were 4. Collection of animal based feeds maintained under controlled environment (Table 3). Results 4.1. Mosquito larvae of water quality parameters, no significant difference was Third instar of Anopheles larvae were collected from dirty found during the feeding time. Biochemical parameter of live murky water and stored for future use. feeds were essential for fish growths and it has difference. In that context the result shows that more protein (56.13±00.30) 4.2. Earthworm and Bloodworms in Earthworm, similarly the bloodworms has more lipids Eudrilus eugeniae (earthworm) and Glycera dibranchiate (55.40± 0.02) and Carbohydrate (18.01± 0.05) in which live (bloodworm) were collected to this experiment. feeds were used as a feed for experimental studies. Table 3: Physico chemical parameters of water Parameters SI No Tanks pH Temperature(0C) Salinity(mg/hr) Dissolved oxygen(mg/l) Ammonia(mg/l) 1 Control 7.12±0.05 27.02±0.01 0.01±0.04 4.11±0.32 0.05±0.02 2 Trichogaster trichopterus 7.23±0.02 27.03±0.01 0.02±0.05 4.63±0.12 0.31±0.05 3 Puntius conchonius 7.31±0.03 27.06±0.03 0.02±0.05 4.64±0.19 1.10±0.03 4 Poecilia sphenops 7.30±0.04 26.86±0.05 0.02±0.04 5.37±0.24 0.08±0.02 5 Cyrtocara moorii 7.01±0.02 26.95±0.05 0.03±0.07 4.82±0.15 1.22±0.06 6 Paracheirodon innesi 7.14±0.04 26.83±0.07 0.02±0.04 5.52±0.28 0.06±0.02 *Mean ± SE ~ 43 ~ International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies Table 4: Biochemical parameters of Livefeeds (%) conchonius, Cyrtocara moorii fish species showed Parameters Anopheles spp.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • §4-71-6.5 LIST of CONDITIONALLY APPROVED ANIMALS November
    §4-71-6.5 LIST OF CONDITIONALLY APPROVED ANIMALS November 28, 2006 SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME INVERTEBRATES PHYLUM Annelida CLASS Oligochaeta ORDER Plesiopora FAMILY Tubificidae Tubifex (all species in genus) worm, tubifex PHYLUM Arthropoda CLASS Crustacea ORDER Anostraca FAMILY Artemiidae Artemia (all species in genus) shrimp, brine ORDER Cladocera FAMILY Daphnidae Daphnia (all species in genus) flea, water ORDER Decapoda FAMILY Atelecyclidae Erimacrus isenbeckii crab, horsehair FAMILY Cancridae Cancer antennarius crab, California rock Cancer anthonyi crab, yellowstone Cancer borealis crab, Jonah Cancer magister crab, dungeness Cancer productus crab, rock (red) FAMILY Geryonidae Geryon affinis crab, golden FAMILY Lithodidae Paralithodes camtschatica crab, Alaskan king FAMILY Majidae Chionocetes bairdi crab, snow Chionocetes opilio crab, snow 1 CONDITIONAL ANIMAL LIST §4-71-6.5 SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME Chionocetes tanneri crab, snow FAMILY Nephropidae Homarus (all species in genus) lobster, true FAMILY Palaemonidae Macrobrachium lar shrimp, freshwater Macrobrachium rosenbergi prawn, giant long-legged FAMILY Palinuridae Jasus (all species in genus) crayfish, saltwater; lobster Panulirus argus lobster, Atlantic spiny Panulirus longipes femoristriga crayfish, saltwater Panulirus pencillatus lobster, spiny FAMILY Portunidae Callinectes sapidus crab, blue Scylla serrata crab, Samoan; serrate, swimming FAMILY Raninidae Ranina ranina crab, spanner; red frog, Hawaiian CLASS Insecta ORDER Coleoptera FAMILY Tenebrionidae Tenebrio molitor mealworm,
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Nuchal Hump Formation in Dolphin Cichlid, Cyrtocara Moorii
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Molecular mechanisms underlying nuchal hump formation in dolphin cichlid, Cyrtocara moorii Laurène Alicia Lecaudey1,2, Christian Sturmbauer1, Pooja Singh1,3 & Ehsan Pashay Ahi1,4* East African cichlid fshes represent a model to tackle adaptive changes and their connection to rapid speciation and ecological distinction. In comparison to bony craniofacial tissues, adaptive morphogenesis of soft tissues has been rarely addressed, particularly at the molecular level. The nuchal hump in cichlids fshes is one such soft-tissue and exaggerated trait that is hypothesized to play an innovative role in the adaptive radiation of cichlids fshes. It has also evolved in parallel across lakes in East Africa and Central America. Using gene expression profling, we identifed and validated a set of genes involved in nuchal hump formation in the Lake Malawi dolphin cichlid, Cyrtocara moorii. In particular, we found genes diferentially expressed in the nuchal hump, which are involved in controlling cell proliferation (btg3, fosl1a and pdgfrb), cell growth (dlk1), craniofacial morphogenesis (dlx5a, mycn and tcf12), as well as regulators of growth-related signals (dpt, pappa and socs2). This is the frst study to identify the set of genes associated with nuchal hump formation in cichlids. Given that the hump is a trait that evolved repeatedly in several African and American cichlid lineages, it would be interesting to see if the molecular pathways and genes triggering hump formation follow a common genetic track or if the trait evolved in parallel, with distinct mechanisms, in other cichlid adaptive radiations and even in other teleost fshes. Given the striking adaptive morphological diversity of craniofacial structures in teleost fsh, it comes with no surprise that these diferences in naturally occurring systems have garnered considerable attention in studies of developmental and molecular biology, beyond models like zebrafsh1,2.
    [Show full text]
  • View/Download
    CICHLIFORMES: Cichlidae (part 3) · 1 The ETYFish Project © Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara COMMENTS: v. 6.0 - 30 April 2021 Order CICHLIFORMES (part 3 of 8) Family CICHLIDAE Cichlids (part 3 of 7) Subfamily Pseudocrenilabrinae African Cichlids (Haplochromis through Konia) Haplochromis Hilgendorf 1888 haplo-, simple, proposed as a subgenus of Chromis with unnotched teeth (i.e., flattened and obliquely truncated teeth of H. obliquidens); Chromis, a name dating to Aristotle, possibly derived from chroemo (to neigh), referring to a drum (Sciaenidae) and its ability to make noise, later expanded to embrace cichlids, damselfishes, dottybacks and wrasses (all perch-like fishes once thought to be related), then beginning to be used in the names of African cichlid genera following Chromis (now Oreochromis) mossambicus Peters 1852 Haplochromis acidens Greenwood 1967 acies, sharp edge or point; dens, teeth, referring to its sharp, needle-like teeth Haplochromis adolphifrederici (Boulenger 1914) in honor explorer Adolf Friederich (1873-1969), Duke of Mecklenburg, leader of the Deutsche Zentral-Afrika Expedition (1907-1908), during which type was collected Haplochromis aelocephalus Greenwood 1959 aiolos, shifting, changing, variable; cephalus, head, referring to wide range of variation in head shape Haplochromis aeneocolor Greenwood 1973 aeneus, brazen, referring to “brassy appearance” or coloration of adult males, a possible double entendre (per Erwin Schraml) referring to both “dull bronze” color exhibited by some specimens and to what
    [Show full text]
  • Speciation in Rapidly Diverging Systems: Lessons from Lake Malawi
    Molecular Ecology (2001) 10, 1075–1086 IBlackwNell SciencVe, Ltd ITED REVIEW Speciation in rapidly diverging systems: lessons from Lake Malawi PATRICK D. DANLEY and THOMAS D. KOCHER Department of Zoology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, USA Abstract Rapid evolutionary radiations provide insight into the fundamental processes involved in species formation. Here we examine the diversification of one such group, the cichlid fishes of Lake Malawi, which have radiated from a single ancestor into more than 400 species over the past 700 000 years. The phylogenetic history of this group suggests: (i) that their diver- gence has proceeded in three major bursts of cladogenesis; and (ii) that different selective forces have dominated each cladogenic event. The first episode resulted in the divergence of two major lineages, the sand- and rock-dwellers, each adapted to a major benthic macro- habitat. Among the rock-dwellers, competition for trophic resources then drove a second burst of cladogenesis, which resulted in the differentiation of trophic morphology. The third episode of cladogenesis is associated with differentiation of male nuptial colouration, most likely in response to divergent sexual selection. We discuss models of speciation in relation to this observed pattern. We advocate a model, divergence with gene flow, which reconciles the disparate selective forces responsible for the diversification of this group and suggest that the nonadaptive nature of the tertiary episode has significantly contributed to the extraordinary species richness of this group. Keywords: adaptive evolution, cichlid, Lake Malawi, mbuna, multiple radiation, speciation Received 9 August 2000; revision received 4 January 2001; accepted 4 January 2001 of the largest extant vertebrate radiation known, the cichlid Introduction fishes of East Africa, should prove informative.
    [Show full text]
  • Hered 347 Master..Hered 347 .. Page702
    Heredity 80 (1998) 702–714 Received 3 June 1997 Phylogeny of African cichlid fishes as revealed by molecular markers WERNER E. MAYER*, HERBERT TICHY & JAN KLEIN Max-Planck-Institut f¨ur Biologie, Abteilung Immungenetik, Corrensstr. 42, D-72076 T¨ubingen, Germany The species flocks of cichlid fish in the three great East African Lakes, Victoria, Malawi, and Tanganyika, have arisen in each lake by explosive adaptive radiation. Various questions concerning their phylogeny have not yet been answered. In particular, the identity of the ancestral founder species and the monophyletic origin of the haplochromine cichlids from the East African lakes have not been established conclusively. In the present study, we used the anonymous nuclear DNA marker DXTU1 as a step towards answering these questions. A 280 bp-fragment of the DXTU1 locus was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction from East African lacustrine species, the East African riverine cichlid species Haplochromis bloyeti, H. burtoni and H. sparsidens, and other African cichlids. Sequencing revealed several indels and substitutions that were used as cladistically informative markers to support a phylogenetic tree constructed by the neighbor-joining method. The topology, although not supported by high bootstrap values, corresponds well to the geographical distribution and previous classifica- tion of the cichlids. Markers could be defined that: (i) differentiate East African from West African cichlids; (ii) distinguish the riverine and Lake Victoria/Malawi haplochromines from Lake Tanganyika cichlids; and (iii) indicate the existence of a monophyletic Lake Victoria cichlid superflock which includes haplochromines from satellite lakes and East African rivers. In order to resolve further the relationship of East African riverine and lacustrine species, mtDNA cytochrome b and control region segments were sequenced.
    [Show full text]
  • S41598-019-56771-7 1
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Molecular mechanisms underlying nuchal hump formation in dolphin cichlid, Cyrtocara moorii Laurène Alicia Lecaudey1,2, Christian Sturmbauer1, Pooja Singh1,3 & Ehsan Pashay Ahi1,4* East African cichlid fshes represent a model to tackle adaptive changes and their connection to rapid speciation and ecological distinction. In comparison to bony craniofacial tissues, adaptive morphogenesis of soft tissues has been rarely addressed, particularly at the molecular level. The nuchal hump in cichlids fshes is one such soft-tissue and exaggerated trait that is hypothesized to play an innovative role in the adaptive radiation of cichlids fshes. It has also evolved in parallel across lakes in East Africa and Central America. Using gene expression profling, we identifed and validated a set of genes involved in nuchal hump formation in the Lake Malawi dolphin cichlid, Cyrtocara moorii. In particular, we found genes diferentially expressed in the nuchal hump, which are involved in controlling cell proliferation (btg3, fosl1a and pdgfrb), cell growth (dlk1), craniofacial morphogenesis (dlx5a, mycn and tcf12), as well as regulators of growth-related signals (dpt, pappa and socs2). This is the frst study to identify the set of genes associated with nuchal hump formation in cichlids. Given that the hump is a trait that evolved repeatedly in several African and American cichlid lineages, it would be interesting to see if the molecular pathways and genes triggering hump formation follow a common genetic track or if the trait evolved in parallel, with distinct mechanisms, in other cichlid adaptive radiations and even in other teleost fshes. Given the striking adaptive morphological diversity of craniofacial structures in teleost fsh, it comes with no surprise that these diferences in naturally occurring systems have garnered considerable attention in studies of developmental and molecular biology, beyond models like zebrafsh1,2.
    [Show full text]
  • View/Download
    CICHLIFORMES: Cichlidae (part 2) · 1 The ETYFish Project © Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara COMMENTS: v. 4.0 - 30 April 2021 Order CICHLIFORMES (part 2 of 8) Family CICHLIDAE Cichlids (part 2 of 7) Subfamily Pseudocrenilabrinae African Cichlids (Abactochromis through Greenwoodochromis) Abactochromis Oliver & Arnegard 2010 abactus, driven away, banished or expelled, referring to both the solitary, wandering and apparently non-territorial habits of living individuals, and to the authors’ removal of its one species from Melanochromis, the genus in which it was originally described, where it mistakenly remained for 75 years; chromis, a name dating to Aristotle, possibly derived from chroemo (to neigh), referring to a drum (Sciaenidae) and its ability to make noise, later expanded to embrace cichlids, damselfishes, dottybacks and wrasses (all perch-like fishes once thought to be related), often used in the names of African cichlid genera following Chromis (now Oreochromis) mossambicus Peters 1852 Abactochromis labrosus (Trewavas 1935) thick-lipped, referring to lips produced into pointed lobes Allochromis Greenwood 1980 allos, different or strange, referring to unusual tooth shape and dental pattern, and to its lepidophagous habits; chromis, a name dating to Aristotle, possibly derived from chroemo (to neigh), referring to a drum (Sciaenidae) and its ability to make noise, later expanded to embrace cichlids, damselfishes, dottybacks and wrasses (all perch-like fishes once thought to be related), often used in the names of African cichlid genera following Chromis (now Oreochromis) mossambicus Peters 1852 Allochromis welcommei (Greenwood 1966) in honor of Robin Welcomme, fisheries biologist, East African Freshwater Fisheries Research Organization (Jinja, Uganda), who collected type and supplied ecological and other data Alticorpus Stauffer & McKaye 1988 altus, deep; corpus, body, referring to relatively deep body of all species Alticorpus geoffreyi Snoeks & Walapa 2004 in honor of British carcinologist, ecologist and ichthyologist Geoffrey Fryer (b.
    [Show full text]
  • Malawian Cichlid Fishes: the Classification of Some Haplochromine Genera Africanized Honey Bees and Bee Mites
    S. Afr. I. Zool. 1991,26(1) 49 Book Reviews The book is softbound, in A4 formal The 84 excellent black-and-white drawings of fish by the late Ms M. Fasken provide most of the illustrative material. The other fish illustrations and the line drawings were prepared by a variety Malawian Cichlid Fishes: the of artists. The 51 black-and-white photographs of fish and of oral and pharyngeal dentition make up the full compliment of Classification of some Haplochromine 196 figures (there are also two additional figures on an Genera erratum page). Unfortunately the poor reproduction of some of the photographs has resulted in a loss of essential detail. The need for species distribution maps has been successfully cir­ David H. Eccles and Ethelwynn Trewavas cumvented by clear descriptions of the distribution and Lake Fish Movies, Herten, West Germany, 1989 ecology of each species. 335 pp., 196 figures A feature of Dr Trewavas's numerous publications is the enviably high standards she attained in the presentation of her work. Unfortunately, this book is not up to her usual standard. This work represents a milestone in cichlid fish systematics Too many typographical errors slipped through. some illustra­ and provides a text that will be used by fisheries scientists, tions have incorrect captions, the electron micrographs of aquarists and ichthyologists of numerous persuasions for many dentition lack the clarity and defmition necessary to be really years. The authors have taken some very courageous steps and useful. Much of the text too lacks the incisive clarity and logic erected several stimulating hypotheses in the minefield of that is so characteristic of Dr Trewavas.
    [Show full text]
  • CARES Exchange April 2017 2 GS CD 4-16-17 1
    The CARES Exchange Volume I Number 2 CARESCARES AreaArea ofof ConcernConcern LakeLake MalawiMalawi April 2017 CARESCARES ClubClub DataData SubmissionSubmission isis AprilApril 30th!30th! TheThe DirectoryDirectory ofof AvailableAvailable CARESCARES SpeciesSpecies NewestNewest AdditionsAdditions toto thethe CARESCARES TeamTeam NewNew EnglandEngland CichlidCichlid AssociationAssociation CARESCARES 2 Welcome to the The CARES Exchange. The pri- CARES, review the ‘CARES Startup’ tab on the web- mary intent of this publication is to make available a site CARESforfish.org, then contact Klaus Steinhaus listing of CARES fish from the CARES membership at [email protected]. to those that may be searching for CARES species. ___________________________________________ This issue of The Exchange was release to coincide It is important to understand that all transactions are with the due date for CARES Member Clubs to make between the buyer and seller and CARES in no way your data submissions. All submissions must be sub- moderates any exchanges including shipping prob- mitted by April 30th in the new file format. Learn lems, refunds, or bad blood between the two parties. more on page 7. This directory merely provides an avenue to which CARES fish may be located. As with all sales, be cer- Pam Chin explains the stressors affecting Lake Ma- tain that all the elements of the exchange are worked lawi. Pay close attention to what is going on there! out before purchasing or shipping. Take your CARES role seriously. Without your ef- forts, the fish we enjoy today might not be around to- No hybrids will knowingly be listed. morrow, There is no cost to place a for sale ad.
    [Show full text]
  • Testing Conjectures About Morphological Diversity in Cichlids of Lakes Malawi and Tanganyika
    Copeia, 2005(2), pp. 359±373 Testing Conjectures about Morphological Diversity in Cichlids of Lakes Malawi and Tanganyika PROSANTA CHAKRABARTY The morphological diversity of Malawi and Tanganyika cichlids has often been qualitatively described, but rarely have hypotheses based on these descriptions been tested empirically. Using landmark based geometric morphometrics, shapes are an- alyzed independent of other aspects of the body form (e.g., size). The estimation of shape disparity, the quantitative measure of the variance of these raw shapes, can then be applied in order to objectively test hypotheses about morphological diver- sity. The shape disparity within and between different groups is explored as well as how it is partitioned within the cichlid body. Tanganyika cichlids are found to have signi®cantly greater shape disparity than Malawi cichlids. Ectodini is found to have signi®cantly greater shape disparity than other Great Lake tribes. Piscivorous cich- lids are signi®cantly more disparate in shape than cichlids with other diets, and the shape disparity of the cranial region was signi®cantly greater than that of the post- cranial region. ``We begin by describing the shape of an object in Lake cichlids have been described (Bouton et the simple words of common speech: we end by al., 2002a; Wautier et al., 2002; Kassam et al., de®ning it in the precise language of mathemat- 2003a) including evidence of convergence of ics; and the one method tends to follow the other these elements between lakes (RuÈber and Ad- in strict scienti®c order and historical continui- ams, 2001; Kassam et al., 2003b); however, those ty.''±D'Arcy Thompson, 1917 (On Growth studies dealt only with patterns of morphologi- and Form) cal diversity rather than with its magnitude.
    [Show full text]
  • Bower Size and Male Reproductive Success in a Cichlid Fish Lek
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Faculty Publications in the Biological Sciences Papers in the Biological Sciences 5-1990 Bower Size and Male Reproductive Success in a Cichlid Fish Lek Kenneth R. McKaye Appalachian Environmental Laboratory, Frostburg, Maryland Svata M. Louda University of Nebraska - Lincoln, [email protected] Jay R. Stauffer, Jr. Pennsylvania State University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/bioscifacpub Part of the Life Sciences Commons McKaye, Kenneth R.; Louda, Svata M.; and Stauffer, Jr., Jay R., "Bower Size and Male Reproductive Success in a Cichlid Fish Lek" (1990). Faculty Publications in the Biological Sciences. 56. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/bioscifacpub/56 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Papers in the Biological Sciences at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications in the Biological Sciences by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Vol. 135, No. 5 The American Naturalist May 1990 BOWER SIZE AND MALE REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS IN A CICHLID FISH LEK University of Maryland, Center for Environmental and Estuarine Studies, Appalachian Environmental Laboratory, Frostburg, Maryland 21532; School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588; School of Forest Resources, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 Submitted August 26, 1988; Revised March 1, 1989; Accepted July 7, 1989 Sexual selection may be a major factor in the proliferation of polygamous species (Lande 1981). When males provide no resources or parental care and females have numerous males from which to choose, "extravagant" male second- ary characteristics may result solely from sexual selection (Darwin 1871; Fisher 1930; Lande 1981).
    [Show full text]
  • Fish Communities in the East African Great Lakes = Peuplement
    277 Chapitre 13 FISH COMMUNITIES IN THE EAST AFRICAN GREAT LAKES PEUPLEMENTS ICHTHYOLOGIQUES DES GRANDS LACS D’AFRIQUE DE L’EST A.J. Ribbink D.H. Eccles Many fish communities of the East African Great Lakes (Lakes Victoria, Tanganyika and Malawi) are under intense pressure of exploitation to meet Man’s escalating needs for animal protein. Indeed, the requirement for fish protein is rising exponentially with the rapidly accele- rating increase in human populations and one cari confidently predict that these fish communi- ties Will be subjected to even greater fishing pressure in the future. A fiightening aspect of this exploitation is that SOlittle is known of the structure of the communities, or of the interac- tions within and between them, that it is impossible to predict, except in the broadest outline, the outcome of man-induced perturbations of such multispecific fisheries. There is already evi- dence of the effects of Man’s exploitation and manipulation of these resources (Fryer, 1972; Coulter, 1976 ; Turner, 1977a; 1977b ; Sharp, 1981; Witte, pers. Comm.) and it is clear that the fish communities of these lakes are particularly sensitive to exploitation. There are indications that in Lake Malawi several of the larger species of fish are either locally extinct or, by virtue of the patchy distribution of most species (see below), totally extinct (Turner, 1977a). The most basic ecological data consist of counts of individuals and of the species to which these individuals belong, of the trophic and habitat relations between these species and of the way that the counts and relations vary with time.
    [Show full text]