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Home , Competition model

Looking at Looking at IL Processes Processes † The Monitor Model

† The Competition Model

† Modes of Knowledge Representation

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The Competition Model The Competition Model

† What is your interpretation of these † The cows eat the grass. English sentences?

† What criteria do you use to interpret them?

† How do you know?

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The Competition Model The Competition Model

† The grass eat the cows. † The grass eats the cows.

† How do you know? † How do you know?

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1 The Competition Model The Competition Model

† The pencil see the boys. † The pencil sees the boys.

† How do you know? † How do you know?

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The Competition Model The Competition Model

† Syntactic ambiguity is resolved by cue strengths. Consider: † The boy asked the girl to go.

† A asked B to go. „ Jimmy asked his mother to go play. † Jimmy went to play. „ The doctor asked Jeff to go see a specialist. † How do you know? † Jeff went to see a specialist.

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The Competition Model The Competition Model

† The dog asked the girl to go. † The girl asked the chair to go.

† How do you know? † How do you know?

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2 The Competition Model The Competition Model

In processing meaning in sentences we use † The chair asked the dog to go. these cues: † „ (()SVO) † (Case of nouns, Agreement between subject and verb) † Semantics „ ± Human † How do you know? „ ± Animate

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The Competition Model The Competition Model

„ In some cases the semantic and † Different languages assign different syntactic cues converge to give the same weights to syntactic and semantic interpretation of a sentence. cues.

„ In other cases the semantic and syntactic cues conflict. † Learners of a second language tend to transfer the weights associated „ The interpretation we choose is based on with the cues in their first language. competition among the cues.

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The Competition Model Italian Vocabulary

† Here is part of an Italian conversation Allora = well Le lasagne = lasagne among friends as they decide what to order at a restaurant. What is your interpretation Anche = also Mangiare = to eat, of these Italian sentences? take, have Consigliare = to Prendere = to have, † What criteria do you use to interpret them? recommend take, eat Are your criteria the same as the ones you Gli spaghetti = Qui = here used to interpret the English sentences? spaghetti Io = I Sempre = always

La pastasciutta = Un primo = a first 17 pasta course 18

3 The Competition Model The Competition Model

† Io mangerei un primo. † La pastasciutta Franco la prende sempre qui.

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The Competition Model The Competition Model

† Allora mangio anch’io la pastasciutta. † Ha consigliato le lasagne qui Franco, no?

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The Competition Model The Competition Model

† No, le lasagne le ha consigliate † Allora, io gli spaghetti prendo. Elizabeth.

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4 What are the relative cue strengths The Competition Model of English and Italian? † Io mangerei un primo. † La pastasciutta Franco la prende sempre qui. Syntax Morphology † Allora mangio anch’io la pastasciutta. † Ha consigliato le lasagne qui Franco, no? † No, le lasagne le ha consigliate Elizabeth. Semantics † Allora, io gli spaghetti prendo.

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The Competition Model and SLA

† L2 learners are faced with conflicts between L1 and L2 cues and cue strengths. † Learners first resort to their L1 interpretation strategies. † When they recognize an incongruity between the L1 and L2 systems, they resort to a universal selection of meaning-based cues. † Finally, learners gradually adopt the appropriate biases and their L2 proficiency increases.

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