PRE FA E C .

m e ac Th e English History, in Rhy e has met with so gr at c e t an ce s of p , among teachers and student history, that the author

u is enco raged to continue the proposed series, and to pub

f t o lish, rom time time, metrical summaries, which are designed

a n d to convey, in concise terms, easily memorized verse, a clear

of f and continuous outline the history o the particular country, u n der consideration . Th e genealogy contained in the book of English History has been especially commended . That of the French is still

‘ - of more elaborate, and the important inter marriages the

of sovereigns, and their children , have made it easy to introduce much related information which is n ot found in other text

of a books, but which throws a great deal light upon historic l

s o f e events, and which impart a new interest to the reading larg and general histories.

MARY R USSEL L G A RDNE R.

M H I ST O R Y O F F R A N C E I N R H Y E .

ANCI ENT G A UL A N D THE R OMAN PE RI OD.

fift - five a In y , ere Christ was born , went C esar to enthrall J uliu s Ga ga], ( 55 B C) The rude and warlike Celtic clans that peopled ancient Gaul .

W T e u t o r ic f hen Rome declined , tribes air Gallia overran ,

Impetuous Frank and Visigoth and fierce Burgundian . “ Th e S o f At i a . courge God , wil d Attila, amid the tumult came t l his his At approach , the heavens grew dark earth trembled at

name . Th e s Romans joined the native , to repel the fiery Hun,

- foe f fift . And, at Chalons, repulsed the , our hundred y one

THE MEROVI N G I AN LI NE (4 8 1 T S f hen Clovis , alian Frankish chie , attaining princely power, ’ ' Invoked Clotilda s God t o aid in battle s trying hour. t He won the day baptized at Rheims, he marched throughou

the land,

And crushed the misbelieving Goth beneath his iron hand .

f e n From Rhine to Rhone, rom Pyr nees to stormy orthern main, f n Th e . sturdy Frank , be ore his death , acquired secure domai f e His our unworthy sons succeed , and , in their turn , give plac

- f To other weak do nothings o the Merovingian race .

THE CARLOVI NG I AN L I N E ( 7 5 2

of A Mayor the Palace climbs to undisputed sway, Pep in. ’ h And phantom to Pepin s nod a ready omage pay. ’ son S o er t h r ew C a M His , intrepid Charles Martel , the aracens , h s . ar t eL ’ - fi eld - On Tours historic battle , seven hundred thirty two. T son of f t f hen Pepin, Charles, presumed rom gra e ul Pope to

claim, T of hat, with the rank sovereign , he too should have the name .

fif - hilder ic t . Weak C was set aside, seven hundred y two Th e Carlovingian line began to great distinction grew, ’ — m l n e . In Pepin s son , wise Charlemagne, seven hundred sixty eight, aggegigf Wh o rose to be, through constant war, a mighty potentate T ’ And, in the year eight hundred , at Pope Leo hird s behest, “ This soldier-statesman was proclaimed the Emperor of the

West.

Ba ttle of t h e His heir, weak Louis Debonnaire, divides the vast domain ? ’ Br ‘ for h fiffi Among his sons, who fight mig t, on Fontenoy s red plain . The T of s o Tr ea ty of reaty Verdun as igned to L uis, Germany V n or figggf Lothaire, the Emper , received Lorraine and , our While Charles had Francia , in which modern we see.

Th e f plundering Danes and Normans soon in ested all the land . of One Rollo , noted leader a predatory band, S From Charles the imple had a grant, on which he settled

down , of And Neustria, or Normandy, became high renown . W f ith Louis Fi th , the Carlovingians end their base career ,

h - With Hug Capet, nine eighty seven , Capetians first appear .

THE CAPETI AN L IN E (9 8 7 to

The saintly Robert wore the crown , and Henry First, his son; of r While, in the time Philip First, the Normans B itain won. ’ I Tis of S in the reign Louis ixth , the Communes first are seen . s S ’ Proud Eleanor leave Louis eventh, to shine as England s

queen .

Th e S , for f a econd Philip who controlled more than orty ye rs, T . In hird Crusade, with Lion Heart, a gallant knight appears To ft crush the lords, upli the throne, the cunning monarch aimed fiefs r e He measured swords with England, and its choicest

Claimed .

At Bouvines , glorious victory came the Albigenses slain , ’ f T o f In air oulouse no more was heard the troubad ur s re rain .

S L f —f K t few t . ing Louis Eigh h a years ruled ouis , orty our, An d S , in the eventh and Eighth Crusades , the sacred emblem

wore .

T T Ph ili I I I . o . France, with wealthy Philip hird, rich provinces accrue p - ( 1270 8 5 . h i i i - t wo Si i i s . c l an Vespers mark t me, twelve hundred e ghty

T - f r f Ph i i I V ill thirteen ou teen , Philip Fourth , the cold and cra ty, reigned , l p . ( - 128 5 1314.

f . And with Pope Boni ace, the Eighth , a bitter fight maintained f n He curbed the strong and ree commu es, and heavy taxes laid

- Th e first States General was called the law supreme was made. e At Courtrai, Flemings plied their stav s on knightly mail and crest : fl T By plunder, torture and the ames, the emplars were sup

pressed . o n f s And when the starry crozier was Clement Fi th be towed, ’ Th e e . Popes began , at Avignon, their s venty years abode T f With Louis enth and Philip Fi th and Charles the Fourth , $ The F air, h f “ a etian T e o . sons Philip, end the kings who name C p bear

THE VALOI S BR ANCH ( 1 32 8

’ Period of the H u ndred Years War ( 1 32 8

T of - heir cousin, Philip Valois, in thirteen twenty eight,

w T r e Disputes with grasping Ed ard hi d the sover ign estate . Th e e a English win at Cr cy, then besiege and t ke Calais,

of of s. While knights France to bowmen yield , on field Poitier

In nominal captivity, John in England dies

son — far - s His assumes the diadem , sighted Charle the Wise. ’ G u esclin s f for f Du bold ree l ances , fierce and eager the ray,

Bear down rebellious vassals sweep the English foe away.

Ch ar e s VI S i l . In thirteen eighty, Charles the ixth beg ns a troubled reign ( 1380 Burgundians strive with Armagnacs, while he becomes insane. ’ f O er the kingdom , thus distracted , Henry Fi th his flag uprears,

f . And as Regent, a ter Agincourt, the vanquished country steers ’ At Charles s death . the double crown King Henry is to wear

- f S . Both die, in ourteen twenty two young Henry ixth is heir

' Th e Belov d Dauphin , Charles the Well , to God appeals his cause f “ M f o of . In his behal , the aid Arc the sword justice draws

ar s VI I Ch l e . Invested Orleans was saved, and Charles , at Rheims, was crowned ( 1422 ’ f n But a dungeon and a martyr s death his brave deliverer ou d .

“ Th e U S f niversal pider, alse and cruel Louis Eleventh ,

fa S . Untimely hurried to the grave his ther, Charles the eventh ’ H e aimed at autocratic sway old feudal rights o er t h r ew

Bu t f . France extended her rontiers, and strong and wealthy grew ’ o f When Charles Burgundy s career at Nancy darkly closed, o f ' The uni on his heiress with the Dauphin was proposed . ’ T h was f m houg the Duchy trans erred to France, to Maxi ilian s hands Th e of choice Mary gave in trust the priceless Netherlands .

' f e h t - ~ Ch ar le s VI I I . Ungainly Charles the Eighth succeeds , in ourteen g y three ( 148 3 t h f S of Wi pious Anne, his wi e, secures the tate Brittany .

f , fa By martial eats in Italy he seeks a deathless m e,

- con u r And , Rome and Naples bow to his all q e in g name 9

But S n European tates combi e, to check his daring schemes ; i I n disa oin ( m e n t f m . pp and de eat, d ssolve his brilliant drea s

THE VAL OIS- ORLEANS BRANC H ( 1 4 9 8

f n - T f In ourteen hundred ni ety eight, wise Louis wel th crowned f f The people in this able prince a friend and ather ound. f f o f Be ore him , too, air Italy the land promise rose, f And on Milan and Naples he would ain his rule impose. of a f — f By Ferdinand Ar gon , a sly, alse hearted riend,

f n His Neapolitan campaign was brought to dire ul e d . of S In League Cambrai , Julius econd , Louis, Ferdinand,

f of . With the Emperor Maximilian , the all Venice planned The French won Agnadello but aga inst them soon combined The n S S “ Pope, Venetia s, paniards, wiss, and Holy League

was signed . T ’ ’ hough victory o er Gaston s sword a passing splendor threw, ’

The T of M a . Powers, by reaty adrid , st yed Louis s steps anew T ’ With Leo enth and Henry Eighth his enemies allies,

And G u in e at e — g lost, the weary king renounced the glittering

i pr ze.

fift een -fifteen of -A n e In , Francis First, Valois goul me,

- n Brave hearted and luxurious , to royal ho ors came

He centralized authority, and made his will supreme. The glories of the Renaissance adorn this new r égirn e Th e Alps are scaled from hardy Swiss is Marignano won for of And noble Bayard knights the king, deeds valor done. f Eighth Henry, Francis, Charles the Fi th, imperial rank would hold

“ — - fleu r r ed of of . And de lis and cross vie, on Field Cloth Gold S A i With England , pain arose in arms ; the lps aga n were crossed

On Pavia Francis poured his troops , and all save honor lost. 1 0

’ ’ T of f t h a Released , by reaty , rom Alc zar s gloomy tower, ” S n He entered into Holy League, to break the pa ish power. Then came the dreadful sack o f Rome ; the Treaty of Cambrai Another war a partial peace the singular array f T S O Frenchmen joined with infidel , the urkish olyman ’

W o er r an . hile Barbarossa, wild corsair, Italian shores

T of - - a of his war two and twenty ye rs with Peace Crespy ends,

- a And F rancis dies in forty seven his son the throne scends . — O f feeble-minded Henry Second worthless libertine $

W —an — as Catherine de Medici evil spirit queen .

Th e a king with German Protestants eng ged in deep design ,

To f of wrest rom Charles the Emperor, the boundary the Rhine. ’ T a n d M He seized Verdun and oul etz, but Philip s arms pre

vailed ,

W - f S o St . n hen by the Anglo panish rce Que tins was assailed . of With brilliant dash , the Duke Guise surprised and took

Calais .

- f T Cateau Cambresis stilled the stri e. hen came the fatal day

' O f princely feast an d tou r n ament the glancing o f a spe a r ’ bv it s Arrested mortal stroke the monarch s short career.

’ Th e n a f leadership to H e ry s sons in order was tr ns erred , F

$r an cis I I . To S T ( 155 9 - 60L Francis econd, Charles the Ninth and vicious Henry hird . Y f oung Francis had a brie control , and married Queen of Scots ’ h a r s I X. le Th e realm was torn with civil war and ceaseless counterplots ( 1560- 74L O f of Huguenot and Catholic, Guise against Cond e

t wo - - For and thirty years, the land in bloody ruin lay. T he wily Regent Catherine is fri e nd or fo e by turns

Bu t e towards the hapless Calvinists her fiercest ang r burns.

So n led f - , weak , unwilli g Charles is , in fi teen seventy two, To M f o St . crush them in the assacre Bartholomew . T for With Henry hird a rival prince contends place and power, ‘ I of a u he Leader the Holy Le gue, and passion r les the hour T of of a his King , Duke Guise, treacherous blade lays ow l , ’ f And Clement s dagger deals the king a swi t, avenging blow.

THE BOURBON HOUSE ( 1 58 9

Th e ne of n arest heir Valois ki gs, whose annals ended are,

f of . And ninth removed rom Louis Ninth , was Henry

T f of t h e f his Henry Fourth , the ounder amous Bourbon line,

- for f . Began his struggle the throne, in fi teen eighty nine e of Against him were the Pope, the League and F rdinand ’ - — m I vr s . But snow white plu e to glory led, on y battle plain Th e f f t o king orsook his ancient aith , quell the party storms, — f f S far f . And wrought with aith ul ully his reaching, wise re orms ’ The Edict closed the warfare ; but R ava illac s murderous

hand,

- In sixteen ten, cut Henry down, with all the schemes he planned .

T L r l H is son , young Louis hirteenth , who succeeded to the throne, . pl ggfg W - as t oo n . weak brained and indolent, to guide the realm alo e

His e f . s lfish mother held the reins ; then, cra ty Richelieu This able politician had these three designs in view

To v t th e e o er hrow the Huguenots, nobles to suppr ss,

of so And check the House , in the storm and stress

W n hich ravaged , duri g thirty years, the wretched Fatherland , T of o the Protestants Germany he gave a helping hand .

f - Admired , detested , Richelieu died , in sixteen orty two,

f to . And , closely ollowing, his end dependent Louis drew

of son f- At the crowning her little , the sel willed mother, Anne, 1 2

W . L o is XI V. u ith Mazarin, as minister, her regency began ( 1643 ’ Still linge red on the war which led to Austria s decline,

d t h e of . And gave to prou , exultant France boundary the Rhine

Th e - fir es o f battle Lens , Rocroi , Fribourg and Nordlingen ,

Shed lustre o n the great Condé and idolized Turenne. f — m e At last, in sixteen orty eight, to Ger an Prot stants

Th e Treaty o f Westphalia gave religious tolerance .

Th e e of n Frond , an insurrection the obles who rebelled ,

for f . Provoked years chaotic stri e, but finally was quelled

Th e of of king claimed Flanders , at the death Philip Fourth Spahn

- - And drew the sword . Aix la Chapelle cut short the new

campaign .

To s f crush persistent Holland , Louis pent himsel in vain ’ d The e o er s r ea . Dutch , to save th ir country, let the sea p the plain A n f of of gai st the hal Europe was the strength France displayed , f o s . And lovely Rhineland shook , beneath the tramp host arrayed

’ f fr o a e O er air fields wasted , to and , the surging rmies pr ssed

f th e l an d fo r . Exhaustion ell upon rea m , Europe longed rest

- é By truce accorded, France received Alsace and Franche Comt ,

And Louis, vain and haughty, held his enemies at bay .

i of e n D strust such pre minence among the ations spread ,

' f of And the amous League Augsburg rose, by England s

William led . S eer win den Fleurus, teinkirk , N gave to Luxembourg renown

of - But the French , in Peace Ryswick , laid their blood bought

trophies down .

Wa r of t h e Th e l ; Eighteenth century was born in batt e flame and smoke, Sp an ish Su c a S l of ce ssr on . When claim nts to the panish rea m the pact nations broke . ( 1701 ’ To S n Philip, Louis s grandson, Charles the eco d wills the throne ; 1 3

l of . But Char es , the son Leopold , demands it as his own

In league against a Bourbon rule , most heartily concur

Th e E n . Empire, Holland, , Prussia, ngland , Ha over M At Ramillies and Oudenarde, Blenheim and alplaquet, M ' By ar borough and Prince Eugene, the French are swept

away. Th e Treaty of Utrecht proclaimed that Philip might have S pain,

Provided French and Spanish crowns should separate remain.

To E f N f ngland ell Acadia , Gibraltar, ew oundland ’ a n Th e Netherlands d Italy to Austria s heavy hand .

Th e Golden or Air gust an Age had many brilliant men

M e a . Racine, Corneille, and oli re , Descartes and La Font ine But Louis ’ s later years were fraught with suffering and shame Th e cruel Revocation Act obscured his splendid fame Th e persecuted Huguenots to other lands conveyed

That wondrous industry and skill , which France supreme had

made .

T of t wo - fifteen his reign and seventy years , in seventeen ends

' y - Upon a pu n great grandson the country s fate depends . r S r n ish Against the Regent O leans, the p king conspires,

But other States combine to check his covetous desires .

T h e w a r fi on con rms to Austria her hold Italy, ’

e of . And England s hand , unchall nged, wields the sceptre the sea

o f fo r Augustus, King Poland , dies his uneasy seat f A T o S S . ugustus hird , axony , and tanislaus compete x ’ l he T of t o S n reaty gives tanislaus, Lorrai e f f The Sicilies o f o S . , to Carlos, son Philip Fi th , pain

of a S f -one Upon the death Ch rles the ixth , in seventeen orty , ’ To n is vi dicate his daughter s right, a contest begun 1 4

’ Bavaria s Elector claims imperial estate

'

T . heresa s husband , Francis, is the rival candidate ’ Silesia falls an easy prey to Prussian Frederick s greed . ’ Th e French - Bavarian forces to Vienna s gates proceed ’ From Prague s blockade the routed French with shattered legions fly

At Dettingen , King George achieves a signal victory.

s But Mar hal Saxe and Louis their triumphant banners wave , ’ ’ R a u cou x L a wfelt . At Fontenoy, , , o er many a soldier s grave

Th e f - - Empire ell to Francis, and Aix la Chapelle decreed ,

That Louis to his enemies should all his gains concede.

' “ fift - S Y In seventeen hundred y six, when even ears War broke

out, Between the Austrians and the French a league was brought about

- But Englandjoined with Prussia; whose stout hearted king defied, ’ Unaided save by her, the powers engaged on Austria s side . ’ Cr ev elt Rosbach, and Minden see King Frederick s geni us ri s e,

f o f . And Wol e , on Heights Abraham , a conquering hero dies

T x - hus Canada is lost to France in seventeen si ty three,

Th e Paris Peace determines that the English gains shall be, r In India and America, possessions ich and great

While Prussia takes her station as a European State .

- f Amid accumulating woes, in seventeen seventy our ,

Foreseeing the impending storm , which threatened more and

more,

Th e i n om in ou s i I g Louis dies his grandson takes the crown , L ou s XV . ( 17 74 t o t h e w v e And tries ease burdens , hich ha e weighed the peopl

down . T n f As ministers , urgot, Calonne, Brie ne and Neckar ail,

- f And only the States General can hence orth aught avail . I S — By the National Assembly as the Tiers Etat is named Is form ed a Constitution sweeping measures are proclaimed t h e Chateaux are sacked , nobles slain, the gloomy Bastile burned ’ Th e s f o er u r n taxe all are equalized , old eudal rights t ed .

Th e — M f jacobins Danton, arat, erocious Robespierre,

' ‘ W of - ild spirits the stormy times, no high born captives spare.

Th e s first Assembly is di solved, the Legislative meets, Th e L eg isla W $ M ” ” “V 3 é bly hile Feuillants, ountains . Girondists, select their fisgfi

s special seat . Th e king appeals t o brother kings is torn from palace halls ’ Around him a n d his loved ones close the Temple s prison

walls . September massacres commence for blood the people cry fl At Valmy, Prussians are dispersed at jemmapes, Austrians y. ” “ — N at iona Th e National Convention meets then vanish kin g an d throne Th e l e n i n Conv t o . M r i i And stately ar e Anto nette awa ts her doom alone .

“ Th e of T of Reign error ceases with the death Robespierre.

To f turn the stranger rom the soil the eager French prepare , ’ f f For Europe s resh , embattled hosts are threatening the rontier

M Pi h r c e u . Great generals Carnot, oreau and g appear an l i Both Holland won . a part al peace ensues .

wo f f e T Councils, ormed to legislate, the ruling actions choos

Th e “ con Ancients and Five Hundred, while executive trol

. Th l ir l s lodged in a Directory. Again the war drums roll or y fr 'rlas-ggi To quell the rising anarchy , the new Convention calls B f Th e young lieutenant onaparte all opposition alls .

And thus began that strange career, which lasted twenty years, of Disturbed the peace Europe, and dissolved a world in tears. 0 3 11 19 8 11 in e e t o fo rm 1 3137 D spatch d o N rthern Italy, where Austrian rces swa , ( 1796 97 breaks upon their lines in unim peded storm . S ardinia , trembling, bends the knee ; the Emperor yields to fate Signs Campo For mio Venice drops from her tim e-honored

state.

To - Austria the treaty terms her sea girt isles assign, h of And France receives, wit Belgium, the boundary the Rhine.

’ Th e ti Th e f e Mam elukes s f m a n brie Egyptian war com s on the de eat, n ’ - f r of 139 3 33?And amous Victo y the Nile, by Nelson s British fleet The d of r ofit less gorgeous ream Eastern rule, the p advance, T S and n — hrough desert wilds, on yria ; , the , the flight t o

France.

of At Paris, welcomed with delight, the hero the hour, Th e g on sul Invested with the Consulate, has autocratic power. f“ ( 1799 fr f Abroad , his iendly overtures are scorn ully ignored, l And once again , i n Italy, is drawn the tire ess sword . ’

18 . War ain st Proud Austria humbled on Marengo s level site,

s a ‘ ’ sall - fifgorfi And Linden s field blood stained lie, beneath the morning

light. “ The Peace of Luneville was pledged when William Pitt

resigned, “ King George gave Bonaparte the hand, and Amiens was signed.

e h - f u Nap oleon L Assuming the Imperial rob s, in eig teen hundred o r, l fl f r ' n ri ffiu m Napoleon, across the Rhine the co que ng eagles bore. fir e - Sun f On Ulm his charged columns burst, and o Austerlitz

l - f Goes down in b ood, while in the dust ill ated Austria sits . ’ T f a a ra alg r won , in Victory s arms exult nt Nelson dies . T S By Presburg reaty , Francis econd , peace and pardon buys The Holy Roman Empire ends , new kingdoms rise apace,

— . The autocrat had dared too much , to have unquestioned sway f The Emperor Alexander chose his mandate to de y ’ ’ d i f n An , when the myr ad French appeared neath Russia s roze k s y. f foe He lured them on to dismal death , and ought the with fire, ’ ’ f Till Moscow s flaming tongues became the Empire s uneral pyre.

What untold horrors gather round the desperate retreat, ’ f Mi d amine gaunt, an d bitter cold, and snow and driving sleet, ’ o f f a And lances keen Cossack bands, swi t d rting o er the plain, ’ Where weary men lie down to die amid th unburied slain 1

S e North Germany arose in arms, with English , Russians, w des.

L iit zen . At and at Bautzen . Gallic valor still succeeds The star of destiny emerged from cl ouds o f angry mien T wa hen Austria joined the hostile league, and France alone s seen ’ f o f At bay, be ore the serried ranks Europe s strength arrayed, f ’ And, a ter Dresden victory, the s flight was stayed .

The of f h Ba ttle of Battle the Nations is at Leipsic oug t and lost L eip sic. Th e of 8 glittering realm Bonaparte now melts away like frost. ( Oct . 1 . To Paris hurrying aliens swarm, and crowd her open gates Th e Eighteenth Louis is proclaimed Napoleon abdicates , s Retires to Elba, comes again, when violet return

- l l Once more the gay tri co or blooms a l hearts with ardor bum .

t o d foe A million warriors cross the Rhine, crush the readed , an d w And Wellington Blucher give the last decisive blo .

Wate r oo f of l . On june eighteenth , eighteen fi teen, on field Waterloo, (J un e 18 18 15 . . ’ f Napoleon s star orever set, and he, expelled anew,

St — 1 Was sent to H elena, whe e, in twenty one, he died.

Th e e r e - xiled Bourbons appeared, in all t—h eir wonted pride ; , But ere the European powers would war worn France release, Th e r of f Cong ess Vienna wrung severest terms o peace. ' ovem ed n - f King Louis g prude tly, and died , in twenty our s T But Charle the enth , his brother, was determined to restore Th e i f o n old despot c Bourbon rule ; when oll wed rioti g, Th — e f o f . three tempestuous July days, the down all the king

- And now, in eighteen thirty, is enthroned in royal state ’

u of . Lo is Philippe Orleans, the people s candidate

t o f n Unwilling be liberal , and earing to be stro g, e He s es in many a hostile camp the seething masses throng.

f - t In orty eight, a revolution shakes the tottering hrone,

- of d t h e . And a new Republic , then , is lai corner stone

“ Th e l Reds , disdaining government, hold reve wild and high, $ With Liberty Equality $ Fraternity their cry. T hough Cavaignac puts down the mob, by general assent,

Th e f e son o Louis and Hortense is chosen Pr sident .

' u d Et a t fift - A Co p prolongs his rule in y two , is heard n ’ Th e T . ation s voice , and he is crowned Napoleon the hird w f b By ise re orms, y dazzling show, and measures grand and

vast,

H e sought to bring again to France the glories o f her past.

S fift - f u Cr im ea n War ardinians, English and the French , in eighteen y o r, . ( 18 54 H To T 1n i f 1 m ser vr ce . urkey, Cr mean War, a r e dly bore

From Alma, Balaklava and contested Inkermann

T S f . heir troops drew near ebastopol, whose amous siege began ’ ’ ’ s foem en s O er Russia s boa ted citadel her banner blew,

But the pledges ofthe Paris Peace harmonious terms renew.

a In crushed , divided Italy, by Austrian tyr nts cursed ,

- Th e fift . smouldering, patriotic fires , in y nine outburst Victor Emmanuel takes the field Napoleon lends h is sword S f ff . Magenta, ol erino, brilliant victories a ord Hostilities are ended by the Villafr anc r Peace S an d N . Sardinia has Lombardy and France, avoy ice f ’ f Th e treaty le t to Austria Venetia s air domain , ’ of o f . And a cry went up o er Italy, anger and pain With Garibaldi spring to arms the patriot volunteers

S . From icily, so long oppressed , the Bourbon disappears — f e . In sixty one, Emmanuel rules a land , united , r e

of . In seventy, Rome is capital rescued Italy

’ Th e growth of Prussia s landed wealth and m ilitary power

t h e of Aroused jealousy France and , in an evil hour, Th e . die was cast On to Berlin became the rallying call, f e T f But, swi tly moving on their prey, the arm d eutons all . o i e At Weissenburg, at W rth , Courcelles , Gravelotte and Vionv ll Th e baffled French go reeling back from bristling walls of

steel . ’ S E m r or n His sword surrendering at edan , the p sees cast dow , f In one brie , agonizing day, his an d crown . The Third Republic is installed the Ger man lines con

verge, i f And near nvested Paris is the urious battle surge. Bazaine capitulates at Metz the thundering foreign gun

Ca it al - Compels the p to yield , in eighteen seventy one.

Th e Peace exacts a heavy fine, with Metz, Alsace, Lor raine

But, ere the enemy is gone, the Commune rules again .

- Destruction , anarchy and death hold Paris terror bound $ Th a n d Assembly takes the city , revolt in blood is drowned .

T i f - hiers was ch e executive, till eighteen seventy three MacM ah on then was called upon to take the r egency Th e of pressure Republicans obliged him to resign,

e - And Gr vy was the President in eighteen seventy nine. 2 1

GENEALOGY. — 1 Th e M a . TABLE N o . . erovingi ns

— h C n T N o 2 . T e . ABLE . arlovi gians

—The D a T ABLE 3 . C apetian y n sty . — Th e of V - é T N o . . V o O ABLE 4 Houses alois and al is rl ans .

- . h f B f T T e o r IV . ABLE 5 House ourbon , rom Hen y

—Th e B o - O e F TABLE 6 . ourb n rl ans amily

—Th e B r T . of n ABLE 7 onapa tes , with the relationship Q uee

V t h e of t of B i ictoria to King Por ugal and the King the elg ans .

—Th e of T N o . 8 . Bo in N s ABLE Houses Anjou and urbon, aple S and icily . — T N o . Th e D of B A BLE 9 . ukes urgundy . — T L N o . r o . Th e o f B o r AB E House ourb n to Hen y IV .

r r —Th e H o o f N T N o . . a o ABLE use av rre, sh wing maternal

f H r IV desce nt o en y .

r — h T N O . I a T e of S S o ABLE claims the panish uccessi n, with the F f Reigning amily o Austria . —Th B T N o . r . e F of S ABLE 3 ourbon amily pain , with Reigning

Sovereign s . — . h i T N o . r T e F s of r B a nd ABLE 4 Re gning amilie Po tugal , razil

Sweden .

- T N o . 1 . Th e f ABLE 5 Houses o L orraine and G uise . — 1 6 Th e H . T ABLE N o . . ouse o f Savoy

8 A N O . T BLE . THE HO USE S OF ANJOU AND BOURBON

-IL Y IN NAPLES AND SIC .

. 1 1 0 Ho Henry VI ( 9 Emperor of Germany , of the use of H 'o f Sicilie s in ohenstaufen , gained the Kingdom the Two , right of his wife , Constantia , the last heiress of the Norman kings . His son and successor , Frederic I I . , was , from his unusual talents, ' “ ” called the Astonishment of the Worl d . During his reign , the d University of Naples was founde , and , at his court , modern Italian received its first literary form .

In his time , the contentions of the Guelfs and Ghibellines raged

fiercely , and , when , after the death of Frederic and his son , Conrad IV Manfred (a son by an Italian mother) became Regent of Naples , he was excommunicated by Innocent IV . , and the ff A f Sicilian kingdom was o ered to Charles of njou . Man red was Be n e v e n t u m killed , at the Battle of his sons died in prison , and young C o n r a d in (son of Conrad t h e last representat ive of the

Hohenstaufen , went to Italy to claim his inheritance . He was A defeated by Charles of njou , captured , and beheaded with five ff of his faithful friends . On the sca old , he bequeathed his Italian kingdom to his cousin , Constance (daughter of Manfred) , who had A married Peter III . , of ragon .

Charles of Anjou ruled the Sicilians with a rod of iron , and , after “ ” the frightful massacre of the Sicilian Vespers , the island was a r e seized by fleet sent by Peter II I . and Naples alone mained to the House of Anjou . 3 7

Joanna succeeded her grandfather, Robert the Wise , and married

. w her cousin , Andrew of Hungary The assumed claims of Andre ’ to the throne of Naples alarmed joanna s counsellors , and he was murdered To avenge his death , his brother , Louis the a Great , of Hungary , inv ded the kingdom , but was not successful ’ in his attempts on the throne . Urban VI . , in revenge for joanna s adherence to his rival , Clement VII . , bestowed her kingdom on

Charles of Durazzo Charles was the rightful heir , but

Joanna , displeased at this disposal of her kingdom before her death , adopted Louis of Anjou , and he was crowned King . at

Avignon , by Clement VII . Charles of Durazzo took up arms , and joanna was captured , imprisoned and , finally , murdered

The Duke of Anjou , as uncle of the minor, Charles VI . , King of

France , was appointed one of his guardians . He made use of his power to seize upon the royal treasures , and marched into Italy , but, with most of his army , died of the plague . His adoption cost France more than a century of war, which resulted in no permanent conquest . ff I I . Joanna . adopted , at di erent times , Louis III , of Anjou , and “ ”

V . . be Alfonso , the Magnanimous , of Aragon She finally u é d q e a t h e d her crown to Ren . He was expelle from Naples by

V . m Alfonso , who reunited the two parts of the old onarchy , Sicily and the continental portion of the kingdom At his e d ath , he left Naples to his natural son , Ferdinand , who disputed the right of j ohn , of Calabria . Sicily and Aragon fell to the lot of john II . , brother of Alfonso and father of Ferdinand , the Catholic . u t ill Ferdinand nited Naples to the Spanish monarchy , and , the beginning of the eighteenth century , the Kingdom of the Two

Sic ilie s was a part of the Spanish Empire .

During the War of the Spanish Succession , the Austrians made themselves masters of Sicily and Naples , and , though Sicily was o 1 1 o f 1 1 8 c o n c ded by them , in 7 3, to the House Savoy , and , in 7 , i i 1 2 0 quered by Spa n , they became aga n , in 7 , possessors of both i kingdoms . The War of the Pol sh Succession gave monarchial Sicilies 1 Don independence , once more , to the ;for , in 735 , Carlos ,

V . a younger son of Philip , after a successful campaign against the A s ustrians, was crowned sovereign of the two kingdom , at 38

Palermo . H e founded the Bourbon line , which reigned in Sicily l and Naples , until 1 8 6 1 , interrupted on y by the disturbances of the

l a . French Revo ution , and the reigns ofJoseph Bonaparte and Mur t

1 6 . When Ferdinand , King of Spain ( 74 died Charles suc li c e ed e d ; as the crowns of Spain and the S ic i e s were never to be 1 united , he resigned the latter to his third son , Ferdinand ( 759 1 80 Ferdinand was dethroned , in 5 , by a proclamation issued by N apoleon , and Joseph was made King of Naples Sicily ’ wa s beyond Napoleon s reach , as the English controlled the sea ; a n d it remained under the sway of the Bourbon princes . By the Congress ofVienna the old were rest ored ; t a 1 8 1 but the Bourbons were not reins ted , in Naples , until 5, as M urat had secured possession of the state , for a while, by his de sertion of Napoleon . When the Bourbons , under the protection E ac of the nglish , returned to Naples , the Neapolitans , who had c e t ed f p o fice under the French government , were the victims of t h e wrath of Ferdinand and his cruel queen , Caroline , and by an ’ infamous tribunal , organized on Lord Nelson s ship and under his supervision , an entire government, which had legally succeeded to ff a banished king , was brought to the sca old . Francis I . succeeded Sicilie s 1 8 2 his father , Ferdinand, as King of the Two , in 5, and was

1 8 0 V . of followed , in 3 , by his son Ferdinand . , of Naples , and II ,

- ff . l st a Sicily ( King Bomba , or Pu Cheek) He g his kingdom as r G ’ fled m esult of aribaldi s victories, and the Bourbon family fro

N . 1 8 60 aples , Sept , .

4 0

A . T BLE No . 9 Y T HE HO US E O F BURG UN D .

8 - in - In 77 , made his brother law , Richard , the 8 a sse d fi B . rst Duke of urgundy In 9 3 , the duchy p to Hugh the

Great , Count of Paris . Henry , his grandson , on becoming King of France , gave it to his brother, Robert , and it remained in his l f 1 6 . A eft amily , until the death of Philip de Rouvre , in 3 3 s Philip no issue , King john , who was the nearest of blood , took possession

o f . the duchy , and gave it to his fourth son , Philip By his marriage with Margaret , Philip the Bold obtained the County of é fi e f Burgundy (Franche Comt ) , as a of the Empire , and, on the d - ih - eath of his father law , Count Louis , the counties of Flanders , R h et e l fi e fs , , Auxerre and Nevers, of the crown of France were added to his dominions .

Philip the Good purchased the county of Namur, inherited the d uchies of Brabant and Limbourg , and obtained by treaty the c Z ounties of Hainault , Holland , ealand and Friesland , as well as the

D . uchy of Luxembourg By these acquisitions , he became a more powerful sovereign than the King of France , and , during his reign , Burgundy was the most wealthy , prosperous and tranquil, of all the states of Europe . H is vast possessions , however , were neither geographically nor politically united , and it was the design o f Charles the Bold to form a consolidated realm and found a

- great Gallo Belgium kingdom . He perished miserably at Nancy,

XI . and his mortal enemy , Louis , of France , seized upon the duchy . As a part of the soil of France , it was subject to the Salic

law . Other possessions belonging to Mary , the Low Countries

- é A . and Franche Comt , fell , by her marriage , to ustria The contests brought on by the c o n flict in g claims to the Burgundian domain i A were the orig n of the prolonged wars between France and ustria .

4 2

TABLE HOUSE BOURBON TO HENRY

o f' r Constance , daughter Peter the C uel and Blanche,

a . ried john of G unt Their great granddaughter was Isabelle, a A m rried Ferdinand , of ragon .

. f D of s Isabella , dau o Charles , uke Bourbon , married Charle Du nd e the Bold , ke of Burgu y her sister, Marg aret , marri d Philip

II . , of Savoy .

wa s W Charles , Constable of France the most ealthy prince — h h in in t i . im t e the kingdom , power nex to the k ng With ended elder branch of Bourbon.

44

T BL E N o I I A . .

G A AG A N D A A F O M 1 1 0 K IN S OF CH MP NE N V RRE , R 5 ,

GIVING M ATERNAL ANCESTRY OF HENRY IV.

ne wa s r t h e Bu r und Champag , once , a pa t of Kingdom of g y , and was governed by counts , from the tenth century, till it was united 1 2 to Navarre , in 34, Count Theobald becoming king. Jeanne,

I . of Countess of Champagne and Navarre , married Philip V , 1 2 8 France , in 4, and brought these countries into a personal union with the French crown .

Navarre remained united to France , until the death of Charles IV.

(without male issue) , and the accession of Philip VI . , of Valois . It then returned to its own sovereigns and jeanne I I . , daughter of

X . 1 2 Louis , was crowned Q ueen of Navarre, in 3 9 , and brought her crown to the house of Evreux . Her great granddaughter, Blanche, A married , first, Martin of Sicily , and afterwards john of ragon .

The latter , after the death of Blanche , made himself King of

Navarre , in spite of the claims of his son Charles , who is supposed ’ H to have been poisoned by John s second wife , j oanna enriquez

(mother of Ferdinand the Catholic) . 4 5

The Kingdom of Navarre now rightfully belonged to Blanche, but it had been promised by treaty to the Count de Foix, who married Eleanor, the next younger sister . Eleanor caused Blanche

ri th e a . to be poisoned, but died, du ng ye r of her accession Her n 1 8 2 grandson , Francis Phoebus, was crow ed in 4 , and at his death, ’ 1 8 i d A lbr e t in 4 3, his sister Cather ne, wife of John , should have succeeded but John , having fallen under the papal ban , Ferdinand 1 1 2 the Catholic , in 5 , seized the whole of what is now Spanish

Navarre , and only the small portion of the kingdom , on the French f side o the Pyrenees, known as French , or Lower, Navarre , was

retained by Henry II . , son of Catherine . Ferdinand sought to t streng hen his claims upon Navarre , by his marriage with Germaine

de Foix, who brought to him , as her dowry , the French claim to

Naples . ’ r D A d A lbr e t By the mar iage of uke nthony to Jeanne , Navarre H was acquired by the ouse of Bourbon , and the successors of 1 8 0 Henry IV . , till 3 , styled themselves Kings of France and

Navarre .

TABLE A Y A H E G BOURBON F MIL OF SP IN , WIT R I NING

SOVEREIG N .

Alfonso XI I Francisco de Asis Fernando -Pie -Jean -Maria de la

- Dec 0 2 8 1 8 . Concepcion Gregoria , born Nov . , 57 ; declared king, 3 ,

M . 2 1 8 . 2 1 8 8 74 ; married , Jan 3 , 7 , aria de las Mercedes (b June 4,

1 8 60 : . 2 6 d June , é . 2 D r é H e married , secondly (Nov 9 , Maria Christine si é e e m 2 1 . of A Henriette F licite R i re (b . July , dau the late rch

d ai 2 1 8 8 Fe r n a n d A . A . duke Charles , of ustria lfonso died Nov 5, 5 . Children by Christine : Maria de las Me rcedes-Ysabel-Teresa

- - A . 1 1 Cristina Alfonsina Jacinta, Princess of the sturias , born Sept , 8 80 a - - Y ‘ 2 1 : . 1 2 1 8 8 . Infanta M ria Teresa sabel , born Nov , (The heir apparent to the Spanish throne is called the Prince ” of t he Asturias )

54

A T BLE 1 5 . H OUSES O F L O RRAIN E

Lorraine was made a kingdom under L othaire (son

E L t 8 . d e at h mperor o haire about 55 At his , it was divided and r t o f w a s Th e k G pa it made a duchy . first hereditary du e , erard, ‘ I 8 f h im wa s n e b t h e E I I . 1 0 ominat d y mperor Henry , in 4 rom de scend ed the House o f L or raine . The duchy was given to Sta nislaus (father- in - law of L ouis

fo r f a n d wa s 1 6 F . t h e li e , , at his death , in 77 , united to rance It was

o f wa r . 1 8 0 a nd o f M an d seat , in Aug , 7 , part it , including etz

T a G e b . 1 8 1 . hionvill e , was nnexed to ermany , F , 7

1 6 TABL E N o . . SE O F SA V O Y THE HO U .

Th e House of Sa voy was one o f the most ancient sovereign Th f f f f E . e o o amilies , in urope ounder its power was a the E B a . urgundi n kings , in the eleventh century ver since , it has, of f t and through many vicissitudes or une , steadily gained power fl ae a f in uence , while other great medi val Itali n amilies have dis appeared . f 1 I 1 0 o F . Charles I I . ( 5 4 during the contests rancis and f b a of V . Charles , displeased the ormer y ttending the coronation be E a t B . the mperor , ologna Francis invaded Piedmont (which S a n d b 1 longed to avoy ) , , y a roy al edict , in 537 , declared it a French

f f o . possession , which had been unlaw ully detached rom the kingd m E o f C b manuel Philibert , son and heir harles , having y his a S a a of wisdom and v lor assisted the p niards , in g ining the victory

b T f - a S t . o a a Q uentins , was , y the reaty Cate u C mbresis , reinst ted in his paterna l dominions . V ictor Ama deus ( 1 675) was almost constantly at war with France W a r o f S k S . W S or pain hen the the panish uccession bro e out , k o f F bu t a t he he , at first , too the part the rench , . indign nt at f e L XIV . fo r treatment he r ceived rom ouis , he declared the allies, Th e f 1 0 . o T in 7 3 victory the imperial army , at urin , obliged the F w f a n d b T of T rench to withdra rom Italy , , y the reaty urin , in 1 0 Fr b o f 7 7 , the possessions which ance held in Italy , y virtue the

a o f S a e t o . rights and in the n me p in , were surrender d Austria V Austria then ceded to ictor Amadeus several districts , which ex o f o f S L a r B tended the power the House avoy into omb dy . y the

a o f Sa n e b S a i E o Pe ce Utrecht , rdi ia was giv n , y p n , to the mper r , S V a wh o a f and icily to ictor Am deus , bec me King o Sicily .

6 2

M RR AGES AND CH DREN OF FRENCH SOVERE GNS A I IL I .

T HE M VI G I S A N D C ERO N AN ARLOVI NG I ANS.

of Chil er ic f Clovis married Clotilda, daughter p , Duke o Bur Sh e . f gundy was a Christian, and Clovis, adopting her aith , became the first great Teutonic prince who was a Catholic

C hristian .

Childe r ic Si eber t o f t wo and g , grandsons Clovis, married the d o f At h a n ild o f S aughters g , King the Goths in pain , Gals

win t h . Fr ede on de t o and Brynhild g , a slave girl belonging

C hilder ic G alswin t h f , caused to be put to death, and a terwards

Si ebe r t son g , her husband , and all his children except her own ,

' h Clot a ir e l I . e , who came to the throne and ruled t western part

'o f r the kingdom , while B ynhild , and her descenda nts, ruled the

- e . C lot air e f of astern , a ter killingthe great grandchildren Bryn

o f hild , caused the latter to be tied to the tail a wild horse and d ragged to death . He thus became King of all the Franks.

of Childebr and Charlemagne married Hildegard , daughter ,

Duke o f Swabia.

le r Her m e n ar de Louis Debonnaire mar ied , first, g ; secondly, H r Judith . Issue by e m engar de : Lothaire Emperor ; Pepin

Louis .

Issue by Judith , Charles the Bald . 6 3

He r m en t r u dis a o f Charles the Bald married , first, , d ughter

, o f y R ichildis da u h Odo Count Orleans ; secondl , or judith . g of o f ter Bosco, King Burgundy.

Issue by Her m en t r u dis Louis le Begue ; Charles Carlo man .

' Richildis : E t h elwolf Issue by Judith , who married , first, ,

o f ' E th elbald B King England secondly, , his son thirdly , ald

o f R ot h ild a M a win , Count Flanders ; , who married Hugh g f o . nus, Count Paris

le Bé u e A n s ar d A Louis g married , first, g secondly, delheid .

A n s a r d I II . a Issue by g , Louis and Carlom n, who ruled jointly as kings .

S e . Issue by Adelh id , Charles the imple

Charles the Simple married n ina daughter of Edward the

o f ; f Elder, King England n ina a terwards married Heri bcr t of m , Coun t Champagne, Ver andois and Blois (the Counts

f e f of o V rmandois were descended rom Pepin , King Italy, second son of Charlemagne) .

2 Cha rles died in prison , in 9 9 . During his imprisonment,

of ~ o f , , Robert , Duke France, and Rudolph Burgundy succes Th e f of in sively obtained the crown . wi e Charles, with her f f , . o fant son Louis, took re uge in England at tl e court her o f brother Athelstan . Upon the death King Rudolph , in ,

6 three great nobles united to recall the young prince, who, on 9 3 , ’ o f x d O u t r em er . a ccount his e ile, was called Louis Louis s o G e be r a of . m arried g , daughter Henry Aucep , Emper r 64

e of of Lothaire married Emma, daught r Lothaire , King I taly .

V le o f . é Louis , Fain ant, the last the Carlovingians, married

a r o f lVillia m of . Blanca , d ughte , Duke Aquitaine

H C P I DY Y T E A ET AN NAST .

o f le Hugh the Great married, first, Judith , sister Louis

Bé u e of g secondly, Ethelda, daughter Edward the Elder, o f Hadwi e of King England ; thirdly, g , Duchess Lorraine,

d of 1 of . aughter Henry , King Germany

Ha dwi e f of Issue by g Hugh Capet Emma, first wi e

f . . I . o Richard , Duke Normandy Otto and Eudo, d y ; Henry,

I . Duke o f Burgundy Beatrice , who married Frederick , Duke o f Upper Lorraine.

o f W of Hugh Capet married Alisa, daughter illiam, Duke

Aquita ine.

— H ad i a Issue Robert ; w g Alice ; Giselle.

S of Be r en ar ius Robert II . married , first, usanna , daughter g ,

o f a of of K ing It ly ; secondly, Bertha, daughter Conrad, Duke of of Burgundy ; thirdly, Blanche, daughter William, Count

T oulouse.

: Issue by Blanche Hugh ; Henry ; Alisa, who married , first f V o . Richard III . , Duke Normandy ; secondly, Baldwin , of C ount Flanders (their daughter, Matilda, married William f o . the Conqueror) Eudo ; Robert , Duke Burgundy Robert f of founded the first Burgundian line, and began a amily dukes

66

V. n of Paris Hugh Constantia, who married Raymond , Cou t T of oulouse Peter, who married Isabelle, heiress Courtenay. T o f a 1 2 1 6 heir son, Peter, was elected Emperor Const ntinople in , f of . o a n and married Iolande , sister Baldwin IX , Flanders , first L ti

of C on st an t in 0 1e 1 2 o T was Emperor p ( 4 heir son, Robert, 1 2 2 8 1 2 2 1 . Emperor ( and another son, Baldwin II (

Th e r o f a of S fi st husband Constance was Eust ce, son tephen, f King o England .

. 1 1 2 0 r of Louis VII , born , married, fi st, Eleanora, daughter f dau h V . o u William , Duke Aq itaine ; secondly, Constance, g f 1 1 2 6 t er of f . o Al onso VIII , Castile ( thirdly, Alice,

f T of . o . daughter heobald II , Count Champagne

: of Issue by Eleanor Mary, who married Henry, Count of i f of Champagne and Blois (he was the brother Al ce, third wi e T M Louis heir daughter , ary , married Baldwin, Eastern

1 2 0 T . Emperor ( 4 Her son , heobald III , married Blanche,

of o f S . heiress Navarre, daughter ancho VI , the Wise ; Alice V f l T . o . married heobald , Count B ois

— h of . w o Issue Louis VII , by Constance Margaret, married

of son of Henr I I . first , Bela, King H ungary secondly, Henry, y , f Kin g o England .

i . i Issue by Al ce Philip II Al za, who was promised by treaty

- to Richard , the Lion Heart, and sent to England to be educated. When Richard be came king he broke the treaty and m arried

. a of h Berengaria Aliza married Willi m II . , Count Pont ieu ; r of Agnes , who ma ried, first, Alexius II Comnenus, Emperor 1 1 8 0 -8 m Constantinople ( 3) secondly, Andronicus Co nenus

1 1 8 t o ( 3 wh o had caused Alexius be strangled , and had

T of n . usurped the Empire thirdly, heodoric, Lord Adria ople 6 7

. 1 1 6 e Philip II , Augustus, born 5 , marri d, first, Isabella ,

of o f s b daughter Baldwin , Count Hainault and Flander ( y

r e- t o this marriage, Artois was annexed the crown) second y,

I n e lbu r a o f W L of m g g , daughter aldemar , King Den ark . He

A o f o put her aside to marry gnes, daughter Berthold, Duke f

M . oravia, an Austrian province Innocent III . compelled the I n elbe r a king to recall g g and send away Alice.

u Issue by Isabella Lo is VIII .

: of M Issue by Agnes Philip , Count Boulogne ary, who

n f fi o . married , rst , Philip, Cou t Namur ; secondly, Henry IV ,

Duke of Brabant.

o 1 1 8 Louis VIII . , C eur de Lion , born 7 , was by his mother,

o f e f h Isabel Hainault, descended in the dir ct line rom H erme

a o f h of . Th e o f g rde, daughter C arles Lorraine claims the dynasties o f Charlemagne and of Hugh Capet were united in his person .

f f of . o Louis married Blanche, daughter Al onso IX , King Cas

1 1 8 o f o f tile ( 5 and Eleanor England , sister Richard — the Lion Heart . — 1 2 1 8 . of Issu e Philip, d . Louis IX Robert, Count f of d . . Artois Philip and John , y Al onso, Count Poitiers, who

of . of Tou married Jeanne, daughter Raymond VII , Count of T louse they died without issue, and the county oulouse was 1 2 1 of united to the French monarchy in 7 Charles, Count o f S founder o f the first royal house Naples and icily, Anjou , o f S ; ; e , wh o married Beatrix, heiress Provence tephen Isab lle a nun .

The House of Anjou vied with royalty in splendor and 68

Its heritage was Provence, Anjou , Maine and

When Raymond Berenger had m ar ried his eldes t daughter r to Louis IX. his second daughter, Eleanor, to Hen y III ., of ’ n San cie h E gland, and the third daughter, , to H enry s brot er, of of Richard , Earl Cornwall and K ing the Romans, he con

sider ed for that his elder children were provided , and consti

t u t ed of his youngest daughter heiress all his estates. Her of suitors were numerous, but Charles Anjou carried off the prize and se cured h er noble heritage from goin g into hostile

. was n of hands Provence united to Fra ce, in the reign Louis XI.

. St . b . 1 2 1 Louis IX , Louis, , 5, married Margaret, daughter f o f o Raymond Berenger, Count Provence, a girl twelve years f o age . — e d. . . T Issu Louis, y Philip III Isabel, who married heobald of of v o II . , Count Champagne , and King Na arre ; L uis John of of E u dt s Valois, who married Iolanthe, daughter , Count of

Nevers Blanche, who married Ferdinan d de la Cerda, Prince of

of f . 1 2 2 Castile, and son Al onso X ( 5 From her, in the seventh of n of S 1 genera tion , came Ferdinand Arago and pain ( 4 79 1 1 6 of a dau h 5 ) Peter, Coun t Alencon , who m rried Jeanne, g of of of who ter John, Count Blois ; Robert, Count Clermont, of married Beatrix, the only heiress Bourbon , and thus became of f of C f at the head the great amily Bourbon ; James, ount o

m I . of n Chartres ; Margaret, who arried John , Duke Braba t

. of 1 2 2 Agnes, who married Robert II , Duke Burgundy ( 7

1 2 fi Philip III . the Bold, born 4 5, married, rst, Isabel,

of o f A 1 2 1 - 6 daughter James L , King ragon ( 3 7 ) secondly, fBr o f o aban t . Mary, daughter H enry, Duke 6 9

I f l . o ssue by Isabe : Louis ; Philip IV Charles Valois , of A len on d . . Count g ; Robert, y

P . of Venaissin hilip III ceded to Pope Urban IV. the county , it s of with capital , Avignon , which the court Rome claimed by v o f f f f . o T irtue a gi t rom Raymond VII , Count oulouse. It r of H See it n e emained in possession the oly , until was reu it d 1 to France, in 79 7 .

The of county Valois was given by Philip III . to his younger

son Charles .

: of Issue by Mary Louis , Count Evreux Blanche, who

of son o f I . married thirdly Rudolph , Duke Austria , Albert , Emperor ( 1 2 8 2 He was elected King of Bohemia Margaret, who married Edward I King of Eng

land .

1 2 68 r n Philip IV. , the Handsome, born ma ried, first, Jea ne,

d of o f o f . aughter Henry , Count Champagne and King Navarre

a n d so These countries were united to the crown , remained ,

1 2 o f until 3 7 , when Navarre passed to Jeanne , daughter Louis

X f . . , and was separated rom France

of . Philip married , secondly, Constance, daughter Charles II , King of Sicily ( 1 2 8 5

. Issue by Jane : Louis X . Philip V Charles IV Robert

M . o f Blanche ; argaret ; Isabel , who married Edward II , Eng land .

1 2 8 M a Louis X. , the Quarreler, born 9 , married , first, rgaret, f A f . o daughter o Robert II , Duke Burgundy, and gnes , daughter 70

f an for f f o St . Louis (he had her str gled her in amous li e) ; m of Ch ar les of s econdly, Cle entia, daughter Martel , King

n Hu gary .

of Issue by Margaret, Jane, who married Philip, Count E vreux .

( 1. 1 1 6. Issue by Clementia, John, 3

V m of . Philip . , the Long, arried Jane, heiress Otto IV , Count o f Burgundy and Artois ( 1 2 79 — e d . . . e of Issu Louis , y Jane , who married Eudes IV , Duk

- 1 1 0 a . Burgundy ( 3 5 5 ) Marg ret, who married Louis II , Count

o f Flanders Isabelle and Blanche d . y.

Charles IV ., the Handsome , married, first, Blanche, second

d f . o f 1 2 aughter o Otto IV , Duke Burgundy ( 79 f s o . econdly, Mary, daughter the Emperor, Henry VII

1 0 8 - 1 o f of x ( 3 3) thirdly, Jane, daughter Louis, Count Evreu .

d . . Issue by Mary, Louis, y

: ( I r i Issue by Jane Jane and Mary . y. Blanche, who mar ed P of hilip, Duke Orleans .

H OF V OUSE AL OI S.

l of i Char es, Count Valo s , Anjou , Maine, and Alencon (son

o f . n of Philip III , Ki g France) married , first, Margaret,

- d of . of S 1 2 8 1 c aughter Charles II , King Naples and icily ( 5 3 9 )

s of t la econdly, Catherine, daughter Philip de Courtenay, ti u r

E d of de astern Emperor thirdly, Matil a, daughter Guy P a n C of St . ol. h tillo , Count 7 1

of Issue by Margaret Philip VI . , Charles de Valois, Count n M of F of Ale con , who married ary, daughter erdinand (the son

n of . Ferdina d de la Cerda and Blanche, daughter Louis IX ) W m . of Jeanne, who arried illiam III , Count Holland (their f M ar . o daughter , Philippa, married Edward III , England) ; a of garet, who married Guy de Ch tillon , Count Blois Isabella, o f who married John III . , Duke Brittany .

n d . Issue by Catheri e John ; Catherine y Isabel ; Jeanne, ’ d A r t ois e wh o who married Robert Cath rine, married Philip , Prince of Tarentum (their daughter Margaret married Edward

Balliol) .

: o f M Issue by Matilda Louis, Count Chartres ; ary, who

of e I . married Charles, Duke Calabria (th ir daughter was Joan ,

o f S 1 - 8 2 wh o Queen Naples and icily ( 34 3 ) Blanche, married

1 - 8 Charles IV. , Emperor ( 34 7 7 ) Isabella, who married Peter

f . I . o , Duke Bourbon

1 2 Philip VI . , the Fortunate, born 9 3, married , first, Jane,

f u o f of . u o daughter Robert II , D ke B rgundy (she died the f d of u . o plag e) At the age sixty, Phi lip marrie Blanche, sister

a of Ch rles the Bad , King Navarre, a young girl , reputed the

o f in loveliest woman her time, whom he, at first, sought

for . marriage, his eldest son

d . . Issue by Jane : John Louis Louis and John , y ; Philip,

o f h of Duke Orleans, who married Blanc e, daughter Charles

M of B . IV. ary , who married John rabant

o f Issue by Blanche ; Blanche, betrothed to John . King

Ar agon . 1 1 John H , the Good , born 3 9 , married , first, Bona, d of of aughter John, King Bohemia secondly, Jeanne,

d of of . aughter William , Count Auvergne

of Issue by Bona : Charles V . Louis, Duke Anjou , titular

K o f . . ing Naples (Anjou had been conquered by Edward III ,

f Br ti n I 60 o f o é . England and relinquished , at the Peace g y , in 3 of wh C . o harles V gave it to his brother with the title duke) Jane, of f married Charles II . , the Bad , King Navarre (her grand ather t —in - hus became her brother law) Agnes Margaret ; Mary, who m d o f arrie Robert, Duke Bar ; Isabel , who married Gian Gale a V of M t o zzo isconti , Duke ilan (John consented the marriage,

f f t o in order to raise money rom this rich and power ul lord , f a o . a p y his ransom to the King England Petrarch visited P ris, ’ o n e t d A u v er n e wh o this occasion) John , Duke de Berri g , ’ n d Ar m a n ac married , first, Jea ne g ; secondly, Anne de Bour b on of M ar Philip the Bold , Duke Burgundy, who married of of g uerite , daughter Count Louis Flanders, and heiress to h t e countship .

V W . 1 h Charles , the ise, born 337 , married Jeanne, daug ter

o f I . of Peter , Duke Bourbon . Charles was the first Dauphin .

. o f Humbert II , last Count and Dauphin, Dauphine and the

V f of iennois, abdicated his principality in avor Prince Charles, 1 4 in 3 9 , on condition that the prince should be styled,

Dauphin .

— e . of Issu Charles VI ; Louis, Duke Orleans, who married his of cousin , Valentina Visconti, daughter Gian Galeazzo , Duke o f M f d . , . ilan by his second wi e, Catherine ; John y Jane ,

n d . . Bo a, Jane, Mary y Isabel Catherine, married her cousin f , o of of M John son John , Duke Berri, Count ontpensier.

74

r fusing to take emedies which would have cured her, and ex

1 if $ S of . claim ing, Oh, fie on l e peak to me no more it

of o Louis married , secondly, Charlotte, daughter L uis, , Duke of Savoy ( 1 4 5 1

Issue by Charlotte : Charles VIII . John, Francis and f d. . . o Louisa, y Anne, who married Peter II , Duke Bourbon L of ft w Jeanne, who married ouis, Duke Orleans, a er ards Louis

XII . three others .

ff 1 0 a Charles VIII . , the A able, born 4 7 , m rried Anne, f of . o . daughter Francis II , Duke Brittany — Issu e Charles (died Charles (d . Francis and Anne d . y.

62 f . 1 o Louis XII , born, 4 , married, Jane, daughter Louis of XI . secondly, Anne, Duchess Brittany ; thirdly, Mary,

f . f o o . daughter Henry VII , England

Milan Louis looked upon the ess as his patrimony. His i of of grandmother, Valent na Visconti, widow the Duke Orleans, of had been the last to inherit the Duchy Milan, which the

Sf 1 0 . orzas , in 4 5 , had seized

few f h o f fift A months a ter the deat Anne, Louis, being y i two years old, marr ed Mary, then sixteen. H e survived the

. of a i of marriage three months In the train Mary , as ma d h n o or, was Anne Boleyn .

e — wo h T d . . o Issue by Ann sons y Claude, w married F of e m d rancis, Count Angoul me Renée, who arrie Hercules IL of , Duke Ferrara. 75

f o f I . 1 Francis , born 4 94 . His ather was Charles, Count e o f u Angoul me, and his mother, Louise, daughter Philip, D ke of S t . avoy. His sister Margare married , secondly, Henry II , ' Sh o f of d Albr et. e Navarre, and was the mother Jeanne was the protector of Calvin .

of . Francis married , first, Claude, daughter Louis XII ;

of V secondly, Eleanor , sister the Emperor, Charles

— e d . . Issue by Claud Louise and Charlotte, y ; Frances V M . o . . f (d Henry II ; adeleine, who married James , S o f e cotland Charles, Duke Orleans and Angoul me Marga “ h of S ret, who married Emanuel P ilibert, Duke avoy, the wa Prince with a hundred eyes . Her son s Charles Emanuel f S I . f o , rom whom descended the Dukes avoy, and the Princes of Carignan .

. 1 2 2 Henry II , born 5 , married Catherine de Medici, daughter

of of of . Lawrence, Duke Florence, and niece Clement VII

— f . . o d . . Issue Francis II ; Louis, Duke Orleans , y Charles

- of 1 f r . IX . ; Henry, King Poland ( 573 74 ) a terwards Hen y III , f o f i I L of S Elizabeth, third wi e Phil p , King pain Claude, who

of married , Charles Duke Lorraine ; Victoria and Jeanne,

d . z o f u twins, y Francis, duke Anjo and Alencon Margaret , f of w . of who married Henry Navarre, a ter ards, Henry IV ,

France.

n 1 M of i of Francis II bor 54 3, married ary Gu se, Queen

Scotland .

1 0 O Charles IX. , born 55 , married Elizabeth , daughter f

m E 1 6 Maxi ilian , mperor ( 5 4 76

1 1 of i Henry III . ; born 55 , married Louisa , daughter N cholas,

o . Duke of Merc eur, Comte de Vaudemont

THE HOUSE O F BOURBON .

Du e o an d o f Antoine, de Vend me King Navarre , married

’ d Albr et n of 1 son Jeanne , Quee Navarre ( 5 5 5 When his

n H enry IV . , came to the thro e, his kingdom , which comprised t o f was on lv that part of Navarre which lay nor h the Pyrenees , permanently united with France.

— f of e . o Issu Henry IV , the Great, Prince Bearn , King f o f o f 1 m i r r ied Navarre, ounder the House Bourbon, born 5 53, ,

M a a o f . first, rgaret, d ughter Henry II secondly, Marie de M o f of T edici , daughter Francis, Grand Duke uscany and Jane ,

o f u of o f Archduchess Austria and Q een Hungary , daughter M the Emperor Ferdinand . arie died in poverty, at Cologne.

M — e . Issue by ari Louis XIII ; Elizabeth , who married

f S 1 6 2 1 - 6 P . o hilip IV , pain ( 5) Christina, who married Victor

I . of S 1 6 0 of Amadeus , Duke avoy ( 3 Gaston , Duke M M Orleans, who married, first, ary de ontpensier , the richest h in “ eiress France (their daughter was Anne Maria Louise, La

o f Grande secondly, Marguerite, sister Charles

. o f n f m I . o IV , Lorrai e ; Henrietta Maria, who arried Charles ,

England .

. 1 60 1 o f Louis XIII , the Just born , married Anne, daughter

. of S 1 8 Philip III , pain ( 59 — s . 0 . of Is ue L uis XIV ; Philip, Duke Orléans, who married, fi r ' f , o I . f rst H en ietta Maria, daughter Charles , o England ; 7 7

l of k secondly, Charlotte E izabeth , daughter Charles Lewis, Du e of a Bavaria, Elector Pal tine .

o f of é b M Children Philip, Duke Orl ans y Henrietta aria

of S 1 66 - 1 0 0 Louise , who married Charles IL , pain ( 5 7 ) Anna o f S 1 6 Maria, who married Victor Amadeus II . , avoy ( 7 5

' o f b Ch ar lot t e : u of Children Philip y Elizabeth Philip , D ke

é of o f . Orl ans, Regent France, during the minority Louis XV of Elizabeth Charlotte, who married Leopold Joseph, Duke

Lorraine.

Die u d on n é 1 6 8 r Louis XIV. , the Great , born 3 , ma ried M f f T o . o S . aria heresa , daughter Philip IV , pain

— h M dau h . t e Issue Louis Dauphin, who married aria Anne, g of M o f ter Ferdinand aria, Elector Bavaria (her mother was I f a d a u ter of . o S H enriett , g Victor Amadeus , avoy) ; Maria ;

M d . T d . . . Anne ; Elizabeth y ; aria Anne, y ; Maria heresa ;

o f . of Philip, Duke Anjou (d Louis Francis, Duke

Anjou (d .

of L au hin : L of Ber u n d Children Louis the p ouis, Duke g y, of u who married Mary Adelaide, daughter Victor Amadeus, D ke of of S 1 0 0 of Savoy Philip, Duke Anjou and King pain ( 7

m ar r ied fir st t o f who p , Maria Louisa , daugh er Victor Amadeus

of S II . , avoy ; secondly, Elizabeth Farnese , ultimately heiress

Du e of Parma ; Charles , de Berri, who married Marie Louise,

o f of é . daughter Philip Orl ans , Regent

— L L u e of d . . 1 0 Issue ouis , D k Brittany ( y 7 5) ouis, Duke

,

f d . 1 1 2 . o Brittany ( y , 7 ) Louis XV 78

V f tanis aus X . n 1 1 0 o S Louis , bor 7 , married Mary, daughter l

L z k f ec in s o . y, King Poland

e — T Issu Louis the Dauphin, who married , first, Maria heresa, of S i n a of pa n seco dly, Maria Joseph , daughter Frederic Augus of an d S tus, King Poland axony Louise Elizabeth, who married

of f of V. of S Philip, Duke Parma, ourth son Philip , pain ri o f o Louise Maria Ma a Adelaide, Duchess L rraine and Bar

S . Victoria Louise ophia Philippina Louisa Maria, a nun

XV Issue of Louis the Dauphin by Maria Josepha ; Louis I . ; S a of f s Louis t nislaus Xavier, Count Provence, a terwards Loui

of f e . XVIII . Charles Philip, Count Artois, a t rwards of Maria Adelaide . who married Charles Emanuel, Prince Pied n 1 6 1 mo t Elizabeth, b. 7 4 , guillotined 794 .

n 1 r Louis XVI bor 754 , ma ried Maria Antoinette, daughter f i o m I . T the E peror Franc s , and Maria heresa ; dethroned

1 1 8 . 2 1 1 n . 1 6 July 4 , 7 9 ; guillotined Jan , 793, his Quee , Oct , f ollowing.

— 1 8 r o s Issue. Louis Joseph ( d. 7 9) Cha les L uis, or Loui

~ . of m 1 XVII He never reigned, and died ill treat ent, in 79 5 Charlotte was imprisoned wit h her parents in the

T . She L of em emple married her cousin, ouis, Duke Angoul e, d an h n . m . returned to France, w e Louis XVIII ca e to the throne

. n n 1 b Louis XVIII , Comte de Prove ce, bor 7 55, y the grace of G oa of i a , King France and Navarre, marr ed M ria Josepha f of S i Louise, daughter o Victor Amadeus II King ard nia ; i of 1 8 1 took possess on the throne May 3, 4 was obliged to 2 0 1 8 1 8 and died wit h ou t s flee, March , 5 returned July , i sue,

S t. 6 1 8 2 ep , 4 . 79

X ’ . d Ar t ois 1 M Charles , Comte , born 7 57 , married aria

T of of S heresa, daughter Victor Amadeus IL , King ardinia 1 0 1 8 0 Th f . e ( 7 7 3 was deposed July 3 , 3 amily went to f o H olyrood ; then to Prague ; rom Prague to G ritz, where 8 6 1 . Charles died, 3

’

s . Du c d A n ou lém e M Is ue Louis, g , who married aria

T o f Du e heresa, daughter Louis XVI Charles Ferdinand ,

e wh f I f o o . o de B rri , married Caroline, daughter Francis , the

T wo Sic ilies h . C arles was stabbed at the Opera house ( Feb . b f y Lovell , a anatic Bonapartist, who wished to destroy th e Bourbon dynasty .

— f f f . o Issue Henry , born a ter the death his ather ; Louisa, f . o . who married Charles III , Duke Parma

e Henri Charles Ferdinand Marie Dieudonn de Bourbon ,

Du e d e m Fi ls de France , Bordeaux, Comte de Cha bord (born

1 8 2 0 T o f F . , died married heresa, daughter rancis IV ,

of Duke o f M odena . H e was the last surviving representative of the elder branch the Bourbons.

US O F L H O E OR EANS.

' d O r léan s o f Louis Philippe, Duc , King the French, born 1 1 8 0 M o f 7 7 3 married 9 , aria Amelia, daughter Ferdinand L , of Two Sicilies 1 8 8 King the ; abdicated 4 ; died i n exile, in

1 8 0 . England, 5

T t o f M . Maria heresa , sis er aria Amelia, married Francis II ,

of Emperor Austria ; another sister, Maria Antonia, married

o f S . Ferdinand VIL , pain — Issu e Ferdinand Louise Marie Therese Louis Charles 8 0

M arie Christine ; Marie Clem en t in e ; Francois H enri ;

Antoine .

’ ' Du c d O r léan s 1 8 1 0 1 8 2 Ferdinand, (born , d ed 4 ) married

S ‘ l - i Hé en e h of M . was Louise, Duc ess ecklenburg chwer n H e

f for thrown rom his carriage and killed , as he was about to start

t a a . Algeria . His dea h was considered national c lamity

e — Du e d e Issu Louis Philippe, Comte de Paris ; Robert, f . o s e Chartres During the exile Loui Philippe, the two lads wer m e m bers o f the staf o f Gener al Mcclellan .

i 8 . 2 1 8 Louis Philippe , Comte de Par s , born Aug 4 , 3 , married

M of Du e his cousin , aria Isabelle, daughter the de Mont pensier .

e — M i e i b 1 8 6 Issu ar e Am l e, orn 5 Louis Philippe, bo rn

1 8 6 e e 1 8 1 . 9 ; H l ne Louise, born 7

Du e 1 8 0 Robert Philippe, de Chartres, born 4 , married Fran ’ M e d O r léan s of coise arie Am lie , daughter the Prince de Join ville.

e — e 1 86 Issu Marie Am lie , born 5 ; Robert Francois, born

1 8 66 1 8 6 1 8 6 ; Henri , born 7 ; Margaret, born 9 ; Jean Pierre, born 1 8 74 .

Th e o f Du e second son Louis Philippe, Charles , de Nemours, 1 8 1 of born 4 , married Victoria Augusta , daughter the late

f S - a e o . Ferdin nd , Princ axe Coburg and Goth a

’ ’ e — d O r léan s d E u Issu Louis Philipp e Gaston , Comte , born f 1 8 2 o . of 4 , married Isabelle, daughter Peter II , Emperor a Br zil .

8 2

— 1 8 Issue Louis Philippe, Prince de Condé, born 4 5, died

1 866 1 8 4 . 1 8 2 . ; Francois, Duc de Guise, born 5 , d 7

Due M n 1 8 2 Antoine, de ontpensier, bor 4 , married Marie f S of o . Louise , daughter Ferdinand VII . , and Isabella pain

— 1 8 8 i Issue . Marie Isabelle, born 4 , married her cousin, Lou s

1 8 66 a Philippe, Comte de Paris ; Antoine Louis, born M ria f of S 8 8 . a M . 1 de las ercedes, d 7 , married Al onso XII , King p in f others , who died in in ancy.

THE B P T AMI Y ONA AR E F L .

. of Charles Bonaparte (d a native Corsica, m arried

Laetitia R am olin o ( d . at Rome They had thirteen f w o . children , five whom were destined to wear cro ns

— I Issu e Joseph ; Napoleon . ; Lucien ; Eliza ; Louis ; Pau f line Caroline Jerome others who died in in ancy.

o f 1 8 0 6-0 8 of S Joseph , King Naples ( ) and pain d m arried Mdlle . Marie Ju lie Clary, the aughter of a retired

- of of soap boiler, and one the richest heiresses the south . Her ’ s . i of ister, Mdlle Désirée, marr ed Bernadotte, one Napoleon s

o f generals, who , changing his religion, was called to the throne

Protestant .

e —Z i l Issu ena de Ju ie, who married her cousin, Charles

r of of his Lucien, P ince Canino, the eldest son Lucien, by first w f T of i e. hey h ad twelve children , one whom , Charlotte, r of m arried Napoleon Louis , elder brothe Napoleon III .

f S e A ter Waterloo, Joseph escaped to the United tat s , and S passed as th e Comte de urvilliers. He bought a beautifu l 8 3 co n r w i u t y seat in Bordento n , New Jersey, where he lived n d o u lent m . 1 8 2 pp retire ent but die in Florence, in 4 .

f I . o 1 Napoleon , Emperor the French , was born, Aug. 5,

1 6 1 8 2 1 . in 7 9 , and died , May 5 , He is buried at the Invalides, of w of Paris, with the cloak Marengo and the s ord Austerlitz,

n on his cofli .

‘ fi T r He married, rst, Marie Rose Joseph ascher de la Page ie, d of M a of M Sh e wa . s aughter adame de la P gerie, artinique the widow of General Beauharnais (Th e Beauharnais had been Th e f governors in Martinique) . General distinguished himsel ,

of R och am in the War the American Revolution, under Count

. 1 . h beau He married Josephine, in 7 7 9 During the Frenc

Revolution, they were imprisoned, and Beauharnais was executed w f f of His wido was released rom prison, a ter the death

Robespierre, and her son , Eugene, was apprenticed to a car

en t er w l was r . p , hi e her daughter, H ortense, bound to a milline f o . H ortense married Louis Napoleon, King Holland

f . . 1 8 2 o d Eugene (b died, in 4 , apoplexy He marrie f f r o e o . Augusta, daughter Maximilian Jos ph , King Bava ia i f f t he f of t h Napoleon made h m Viceroy o Italy. A ter all e

of f - in - Emperor, Eugene returned to the court his ather law, and of of r t became Prince Eichstadt, Duke Leuchtenburg, and fi s t nobleman in the kingdom . His six children made brillian m arriages.

e — m M of e Issu Maxi ilian Joseph , who married aria, sister Al x

f wh o I . of . o ander II , Russia ; Josephine, married Oscar , son of S E u én ie d Bernadotte, King weden g Hortense, who marrie e of d Prince Fred rick Hohenzollern Emilie Augusta, who marrie 8 4

f s f of Dom . o Pedro II , Emperor Brazi l ( His fir t wi e was the sister M t Du e aria Louise) Augus us Charles, de Leuchtenberg, who h m of . of w o arried Maria IL , daughter Dom Pedro IV , Portugal, , 1 8 2 6 of in , delegated the government Portugal to his daughter,

1 8 1 of . and, in 3 , gave the crown Brazil to his son , Pedro II Th eolinda (Augustus survived his marriage, only two months)

of Wur tem ber . Louise, who married the Count g

f i . an . o Oscar II (b . J , the son Joseph ne and Oscar L ,

of S 1 8 2 . succeeded to the throne weden, in 7 H e married

S W of of . ophie ilhelmin e, daughter William, Duke Nassau Th e present heir to the throne of Sweden and is his son f of Wer m er lan d 1 8 8 , Prince Gusta , Duke , born June, 5 S a of of married ophia Marie Victori , daughter the Grand Duke

of . Baden and the Grand Duchess Louise, Princess Prussia

e . of S e of Charl s XV , w den, another son Josephine an d

I . f o . Oscar , married Louise Holland

Th e of n in S House Ber adotte, weden , is the sole surviving dynasty of those that were made out of French mar shals and im of . princes, in the t e Napoleon

N a oaon of p married , secondly, Maria Louise, Archduchess

of . Sh e Austria, daughter the Emperor, Francis I returned,

f f of aft e r h is with her son , to Austria, a ter the all Bonaparte, and , g d a . 1 8 1 6 eath, married Count Neipperg, n Austrian general In , she was invested with the government of the Italian duchies of P a d . arma, Piacenza n Guastalla — Issue of Napoleon an d Mar ie Louise Joseph Fra ncis

C 8 1 1 o f 1 . harles, Napoleon IL, King Rome (b. March , , d at 1 8 Vienna July , ‘ 3 8 5

f of hi A ter the collapse the French Empire, Francis deprived s

“ o f m of of of grandson the na e Napoleon , and the title , King o f of a Rome. He was made Duke Reichstadt and colonel n

Austrian cavalry regiment . His constitution was delicate, and his devotion to his military duties hasten ed his death .

L 1 of f ucien, born 7 7 5 (called Prince Canino, rom his estate

of T o of on the borders uscany) , was the only br ther Bonaparte,

n ot . who did become a king He married , first , , t he of - t o- d o - daughter a well inn keeper secondly , against his ’ f of brother s positive prohibition , the divorced wi e the great

ou be r t h on . broker, J

L f o ucien had , by his first wi e , two daughters by his sec nd , S of f f ten children . everal members his amily became amous,

o f m in the world literature and science, and arried with some of

o f . The so the highest aristocracy Italy shooting, by his n o f o Prince Pierre Napoleon , the journalist, Victor N ir, contrib u ted powerfully t o shake the popularity o f the Bonaparte

ft er war w n E n la d in 1 8 0 . a ds e t t o n d ynasty, 7 Pierre g , in straight f ened circumstances, and his wi e Opened a millinery shop, in

o . f son e L ndon Lucien l e t his title to his eldest , Charles Luci n S Bonaparte , who resided several years in the United tates , and ’ publish ed a splendid continuation o f Wilson s Ame r ican O rni t h ology .

- 1 . 1 8 2 0 B Marie Anne Eliza (b . 77 7 , d ) , married Felix acciochi ,

o f f a p or Corsican o ficer , though belonging to a noble amily.

W n o f a t o 1 8 0 he the Kingdom It ly was united the Empire , in 5, S f the Emperor bestowed upon her the tate o Piombino .

ft ov ei n e d s a i was a erward added , and the princess g these t tes w th so much skill and en e rgy that she was called the Semiramis 8 6

f 1 s of T . o . 80 Lucca In 9 , she was made Grand Duche s uscany f f a sh e a ssu m ed of When the all o the Empire c me, the title

am i nan o. C ountess of C p g Her daughter, Napoleone, married of of Prince Camerata, one the richest proprietors the Marshes f o Ancona.

n of . 1 8 . Louis Napoleo , King Holland (b 77 , d mar

o f . ried Hortense, daughter Josephine — s . o . Issue . Napoleon Charle ( d Napole n Louis ( d

1 8 3 1 ) Louis Napoleon .

r of . Napoleon Louis ma ried Charlotte, daughter Joseph No children .

. of Louis Napoleon , or Napoleon III , Emperor the French , 20 1 8 0 8 was born, April , , and died , at Chiselhurst, Eng

1 8 . land, Jan . 9 , 73 He married Eugénia Maria de Guzman ,

C T . f omtesse de eba (b May 5 , Her mater nal grand ather

a Mr . m of was Kirkpatrick, an Irish an, who, under the presidency

S . Andrew Jackson, was United tates Consul , at Malaga Her m i S r M on other, Maria Manuela, marr ed a pania d , Comte de ’ Du tijo the elder sister married the e d Alba .

h o f T e only child Napoleon III . was Napoleon Eugene 1 6 1 8 6 Louis Joseph , Prince Imperial , born March , , 5 killed , 1 8 of Z June, 79 , in the war England against the ulus .

f o . 1 8 0 . Pauline , Princess Guastalla (b 7 , d married ,

first. General Victor Emanuel Leclerc, who served with Napoleon, in of T f the seige oulon and was a great avorite ; secondly, 1 80 8 Prince Camillo Borghese, who was appointed , in , governor f o . 1 80 6 general Piedmont, Genoa and Parma In , the Emperor 8 7

h f settled upon Pauline the Duchy of Guastalla. S e le t n o

. f an d for children Pauline was very beauti ul , posed to Canova, “ ” his Venus Victrix.

M i A n n on ciad e Caroline ar e married, first, Joachim Murat, ’ so n o f - on e of the an inn keeper, and Napoleon s generals . He M was made, successively, arshal , Lord High Admiral and Grand f f as f Duke o Berg. He a terwards cended the throne o Naples as Joachi m Napoleon Though Murat was present at f of e the atal battle Leipsig, he ntered into negotiations with the f u o . The Co rt Vienna, which guaranteed him his throne Pope favored the o f the Bourbons .

f of When Napoleon made his escape rom Elba, the King

-in - Naples cast in his lot with his brother law. On the second

f o f t h e . f all Empire, Murat escaped to Corsica He made a ool hardy attempt to regain his crown, was captured, tried by

- 8 1 of o . 1 f court martial and shot, Oct , 5 , by order Ferdinand ff f Naples. Being o ered a chair, and a handkerchie to bandage “ f n his eyes, he replied, I have braved death long and o te

f . enough , to ace it with my eyes open and standing

M Caroline married , secondly, General acdonald , who had

o n ff of M served the sta urat, and had accompanied her , in her exile .

Th e M u r a ts . Th e had two sons and a daughter eldest, f of Napoleon Achille Charles Louis Murat, a ter the execution f d- of his ather, went to Florida, where he married the gran niece

Washington .

h son P M T e second , rince Lucien urat, joined his uncle F o f Joseph , in America, and married a Miss raser, Philadelphia. 8 8

of . 1 8 . m a Jerome, King Westphalia ( b 7 4 , d rried ,

' “ fi r st of of . , Elizabeth , daughter William Patterson, Baltimore

Jerome was sent with General Leclerc, in the expedition fitted

o u t St . of to su ppress, in Domingo, the rebellion the slaves, ’ r a T 1 O n u n h eaded by the celeb ted oussaint Ouverture . his ret r t o S m France, he came to the United tates, and received uch a ttention in New York and Baltimore.

of S m s H e first met Miss Patterson , at the house a uel Cha e, f o f of o ne o the signers the Declaration Independence.

The was marriage declared null, by an Imperial decree Th e f 1 8 1 ( March , wi e obtained a divorce in 3, and died f in 1 8 8 . ff 7 , aged 94 A ter the separation , Jerome o ered her an a llowance o f fi' an c s a year if she would give up their “ h f s on Bo. S e f , re used, although she accepted rancs

' She f a year from Napoleon . said she pre erred being sheltered “ of t he of under the wings an eagle, to being suspended to bill a

goose.

. 1 8 0 . n Their son, Jerome Bonaparte (b July, 5, d Ju e,

m S of s . arried Miss arah May Williams, Roxbury, Ma s

erome Napoleon Bon a parte Charles Joseph Bona

m m Jero e arried Caroline Le Roy Appleton, a granddaughter f o f Daniel Webster . He distinguished himsel as a soldier in the

- War f . o the Crimea, the Italian War, and the Franco Prussian 1 8 of A Decree was issued , in 54 , recognizing the son Miss Patterson as legitimate another d ecree conferred upon young o f Jerome the rank lieutenant, in the French army . H e T of l for in a fterward obtained the title Co onel , gallant conduct

9 0

of the succession . When the heirs Napoleon and Louis became of extinct, the choice was narrowed down to those Lucien and Th e f Jerome. descendents o Lucien being e xcluded by the de of of f liberate act the Emperor, the heirs Jerome are alone le t ’ Jerome s marriage with Miss Patterson being annulled , the leadership o f the Imperialists is confined to Prince Napoleon

Jerome and his sons, Victor and Louis .

- l Plon Plon is universally dis iked an d despised . Even the i f s Bonapart sts dare not put orward his claims . H e oppose the f of trans er their allegiance to his son , Prince Victor, whom the

Prince Imperial appointed his heir.

THI D PUB C R RE LI .

P I D TS RES EN .

d T 1 6 1 a Louis A olphe hiers, born April , 79 7 ppointed chief of 1 1 8 1 and i the executive power, February 7, 7 , Pres dent of 1 the French Republic, by the National Assembly, August 3 , 1 8 1 2 1 8 S 1 8 7 resigned , May 4 , 73 died, eptember 3, 7 7 .

M Mah n D r a . . ac o u e Ma sh l M E Patrice Maurice , de Magenta May 2 4 1 8 n for a s elected President , , 7 3 ominated, seven ye r ,

2 1 8 i . 0 1 8 . Nov . 9 , 73 res gned , Jan 3 , 7 9

u e 1 1 8 1 Francois Paul J les Gr vy, born August 5, 3 elected , 0 1 8 r e- 2 8 1 8 8 January 3 , 79 elected , December , 5.