Capacity Building in the Global South 2015 - 2016

Annual Report

1 Abbreviations

AGRODEP African Growth and Development Policy Cooperation Modeling Consortium HEALTHCAP Health Research Capacity and Water-Related ASARECA Association for Strengthening Agricultural Diseases Research in Eastern and Central Africa IFPRI International Food Policy Research Institute AVRDC World Vegetable Center ISSER Institute of statistical, social and economic research BMBF German Federal Ministry of Education and ICARDA International Center for Agricultural Research in Research the Dry Areas BMZ German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation ICRAF World Agroforestry Centre and Development IHEID Graduate Institute of International and Development BMUB German Federal Ministry of the Environment, Studies Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety IIPHG Indian Institute of Public Health BICC Bonn International Center for Conversion IGIDR Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research BRAC Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee IIASA International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis CAS Chinese Academy of Sciences INRA National Institute of Agronomic Research CIFOR Center for International Forestry Research IOA Institute of Oriental and Asian Studies CCAP Chinese Center for Agricultural Policy LMU Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich DAAD German Academic Exchange Service IPAM International People's Agroecology Multiversity DLR German Aerospace Center ILR Institute for Food and Resource Economics, University EEA Ethiopian Economic Association of Bonn EC-JRC Joint Research Centre of the European Commission IZNE International Center for Sustainable Development ECFF Environment and Coffee Forest Forum KUL Catholic University of Leuven ECFS Eurasian Center for Food Security KoGa Horticulture Competence Centre ECOWAS Economic Commission of West African States MCC Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons ENTRO Eastern Nile Technical Regional Office and Climate Change FARA Forum for Agricultural Research in Africa RWI Rhenish-Westphalian Institute for Economic Research FAS Sustainable Amazonas Foundation UAB Autonomous University of Barcelona FANRPAN Food, Agriculture and Natural Resources Policy UDS University of Development Studies of Tamale Analysis Network UNU-EHS United Nations University - Institute for FOFIFA National Center for Applied Research in Rural Environmental and Human Security Development UoA University of Antananarivo FZJ Research Centre Jülich LEI-WUR Wageningen Economic Research GlobalHort Global Horticulture Initiative WHH Wold Hunger Help GIZ German Federal Enterprise for International

Imprint www.zef.de Publisher: Contact: Editor: Alma van der Veen Center for Development Research (ZEF) Press and Public Relations Layout: Katharina Zinn / Sebastian Eckert University of Bonn Phone: # 49 (0) 228 73-1846 Printers: Köllen Druck+Verlag Walter-Flex-Str. 3, D-53113 Bonn e-mail: [email protected] Photos: ZEF. Cover photo by Till Stellmacher Germany Published in December 2016 Contents

1. Introduction by ZEF’s directors 4

2. Lead article: If you want to go fast, go alone, if you want to go far, go together 5

3. ZEF’s research agenda 7 3.1 Innovation, knowledge and science policy 8 3.2 Mobility, migration and urbanization 11 3.3 Land, water, food and energy 12 3.4 Health, nutrition and ecosystems 20 3.5 Governance, conflicts and natural resources 22 3.6 Markets and public services 24

4. Capacity development 26 4.1 ZEF’s doctoral studies program 27 4.2 ZEF doctoral defenses mid 2015 - mid 2016 28 4.3 Capacity development in Asia and Africa 29 4.4 Right Livelihood College 32

5. Selected outreach 33

6. Selected publications 34

7. Budget 2015/2016, ZEF‘s funding partners 36

8. ZEF’s International Advisory Board 38

9. Map with ZEF’s major research countries 39

3 STRENGHENING INTERNATIONAL PARTNERSHIPS

1 Introduction by ZEF’s directors Since its foundation 19 years ago, one of Senegal’s University of Cheikh Anta Diop. Food and Agriculture (BMEL), the State ZEF’s major focuses has been its engage- Since 2011, ZEF has been hosting one of of North-Rhine Westphalia, the German ment in capacity building at the highest the eight campuses and the international Academic Exchange Service (DAAD), the academic level. ZEF’s doctoral program, coordination office of the Right Liveli- European Union, the Robert Bosch Foun- which has so far trained over 650 stu- hood College, linking winners of the Right dation, the Foundationfiat panis, and the dents from more than 120 countries, Livelihood Award, better known as the Volkswagen Foundation. has become one of the Center's flagship “Alternative Nobel Prize”, with applied ZEF’s capacity building partnerships have activities, and recently became the 10th and interdisciplinary research and educa- a strong research focus and are aligned member of the Bonn International Grad- tion. In November 2016, Cuba’s Universi- with the Center’s evolving research agen- uate Schools initiative. Furthermore, ZEF dad Central ‘Marta Abreu’ de las Villas in da on sustainability. They result from and has also contributed to the development Santa Clara and ZEF began developing a further contribute to ZEF’s extensive in- and establishment of several graduate Cuban-German School for Interdisciplin- ternational networks by improving the programs and research initiatives across ary Development Studies, an initiative education of students worldwide at Mas- the globe. Recently, this kind of coopera- with a strong emphasis on e-learning and ters and doctoral levels. Moreover, cation has advanced even further to include data management, among others. pacity building itself is also an emerging close partnerships between ZEF/Univer- One of the reasons for ZEF’s considerable research issue in some of ZEF’s research sity of Bonn and its various partner uni- scientific output are its strong networks that focusses on outcomes. Besides the versities, research institutions and their and the untiring commitment of its Inter- strong ongoing initiatives such as WAS- programs worldwide. national Advisory Board, directors, junior CAL, BiomassWeb, NutriHAF, Volatility Examples are the Ghanaian-German Cen- and senior researchers, its alumni, senior Project, PARI – see the following pages for ter for Development Studies, a University fellows and its various international and more details – we are happy to welcome of Ghana and ZEF partnership; the Ger- national partners. ZEF remains success- ‘newcomers’ such as the new graduate man-Bolivian partnership for integrating ful in acquiring competitive grants from program on One Health and Urban Trans- biodiversity measures in environmental a variety of major donors and is deeply formation, under which 13 new doc- impact assessments involving the Catho- grateful for their continuous support, toral students will start to conduct their lic University of Cochabamba and ZEF; which contributes over 80% of the Cen- research in the metropolitan regions of ZEF’s partnership with the University of ter’s overall budget and thus constitutes Sao Paulo (Brazil), Accra (Ghana), Ahmed- Tokyo’s International Program in Agri- the backbone of ZEF’s scientific success abad (India) and the German Rhine-Ruhr cultural Development Studies; and ZEF’s and outreach. Among the major donors region in 2017. They will be supervised by engagement in the Graduate Studies Pro- are the German Federal Ministry of Edu- a consortium of scientists from various gram of WASCAL (West African Science cation and Research (BMBF), the German faculties of the University of Bonn, the Service Centre on Climate Change and Federal Ministry for Economic Coopera- University of Applied Sciences Bonn-Rhe- Adapted Land Use), for instance the Cen- tion and Development (BMZ), the- Ger in-Sieg and the United Nations University. ter's close cooperation with the doctoral man Federal Ministry for the Environment program on climate change economics at (BMUB), the German Federal Ministry of

4 IF YOU WANT TO GO FAST, GO ALONE, IF YOU WANT TO GO FAR, GO TOGETHER

By Jan-Henning Sommer and Christian Borgemeister (AFRICAN PROVERB) 2 Collaboration and strong and inter- ity that another does not have always that address a topic from different an- linked networks are promising instru- holds an advantage. However, the rel- gles and perceptions, although more ments for sustained progress in a glo- evant questions here are: “What is labor-intensive, provide much more balizing world that is characterized by a capacity?” and “How is a capacity tailored solutions than any monodisci- inequality in regard to human develop- valued?” Evidently there are different plinary approach can offer. In addition, ment. Building such “capacity for devel- ways of valuing and perceiving both there is a need to account for the con- opment” generally means strengthen- success stories and capacities. For in- text-specific nature of results, findings ing the ability of individuals, groups, stance, many important capacities like and insights, necessitating their adap- institutions and organizations to identi- indigenous and local knowledge have tation before any successful transfer to fy and solve problems. Building science been neglected in the past. Hence, ca- a new context can be made. capacity is a key element in this context. pacity building can only be a success if Even more importantly, the perception all the parties involved perceive each of challenges often differs depending Capacity building is no unidirectional other as being equal partners, and if on the contexts they are situated in, i.e. pathway the knowledge and experiences of the the background, skills and experiences The discourse on capacity building has different parties are equally appreci- of the people facing them. Hence, de- undergone a paradigm shift during the ated. Mutual respect is thus a prereq- fining the problem in an appropriate last decades and not without a reason. uisite for embracing new capacities and way is a prerequisite for providing tai- Originally, the term capacity building gaining the ownership on them. More- lored solutions. This requires the in- implied a clear role model with a “ca- over, the exchange of experiences and volvement of all the parties concerned pacity provider” at one end and a “ca- lessons learned from different perspec- and consideration of their views. This pacity receiving party” at the other. This tives also facilitates mutual learning. methodological approach is called approach implies a distinct hierarchy in transdisciplinary research and is usually Scientific capacity for development the capacity building process, with the dealt with by integrating the stakehold- role of “provider” usually gaining more Science capacity is much more than the er community concerned in a participa- appreciation than that of “receiver”. In accumulation of scientific knowledge. tory manner in order to broaden and a development context, this is not only Science capacity means the ability to enrich the scientific discourse. More- ethically problematic, it also potential- approach particular issues with scien- over, participatory research is also a ly jeopardizes the success of capacity tific means. It is widely accepted that major prerequisite to ensuring that the building initiatives, especially when the in our globalizing world the most perti- envisaged findings are really needed “capacity provider” originates from a nent challenges cannot be successfully and potentially contribute not only to developed and the “capacity receiver” addressed by approaches that derive the generation of new knowledge but from a developing country. In the past, from a single disciplinary angle alone. also its uptake and implementation. such one directional capacity build- Innovative solutions require address- By integrating the relevant actors from ing approaches have been designed ing the complex system in which chal- the beginning, scientific concepts can as “scientific development aid” with lenges are embedded. In other words, be constantly reviewed and adapted the intention of teaching development an understanding of the context is re- to actual needs in order to enable lo- countries success stories from the de- quired before appropriate solutions to cal partners to eventually become the veloped world. any problem can be developed. It is no multiplicative interface for knowledge In fact, a party that possesses a capac- secret that interdisciplinary approaches dissemination. 5 Capacity development Emerging from an initiative of Boliv- at ZEF in 2011; other RLC Campuses are As you will see on the following pages, ian researchers, the major focus of this based at universities in Ethiopia, Argen- capacity development initiatives that program is the establishment of a long- tina, India, Sweden, Nigeria, USA, and underscore the abovementioned lines term relationship between science, Chile. The Global Secretariat of the RLC of thought are playing an increasingly policy makers and NGOs to build local moved to ZEF in 2014. important role in ZEF’s research and capacities to conduct Environmental One Health and Urban Transforma- development portfolio, especially with Impact Assessments considering local tion graduate program. Structural respect to graduate programs. Here, specific impacts on biodiversity and change processes in four metropolitan the participatory principle plays a cru- pooling a large group of Bolivian and in- areas (Sao Paulo/Brazil, Accra/Ghana, cial role in order to generate strong, ternational experts. The active partici- Ahmedabad/India and the German autonomous research institutions that pation of Bolivian government repre- Rhine-Ruhr region) are to be described target the relevant research needs in sentatives in particular is a strong plus together with the local players using a their particular environments. In such point in favor of the implementation of transdisciplinary, application-oriented initiatives, all the partners benefit from better Environmental Impact Assess- approach and recommendations are mutual learning and an exchange of ments standards. to be made on how interventions can lessons learned regarding scientific suc- ZEF’s partnership with the Interna- lead to concrete, positive changes on cess and the development of effective tional Program in Agricultural Devel- the ground using innovative approach- graduate programs. Moreover, the ac- opment Studies (IPADS). ZEF and IPADS es. The views and needs of the stake- tive role of local universities in curricula agreed to exchange faculty staff and holders involved are taken into account development and the establishment of students as well as to carry out joint ed- from the outset in order to define the joint programs ensures that national ucation and research programs as part exact research questions. research demands in the partner coun- of the academic collaboration between Cuban-German School for Interdis- tries are met, as local institutions and the University of Bonn and the Univer- ciplinary Development Studies (CG- other stakeholder groups are actively sity of Tokyo. ZEF and IPADS are both in- SIDS). This is part of a program pro- involved in the design and implementa- terested in inter- and transdisciplinary moting bilateral partnerships between tion of such training initiatives. This ul- approaches to tackling agricultural and higher education institutions in- Ger timately also considerably improves the environmental problems in develop- many and developing countries with a recruitment opportunities of the future ing regions around the world, as well focus on the UN Sustainable Develop- graduates, and supports the paradigm as in a lively exchange of lecturers and ment Goals. The project will provide shift towards more impact-oriented re- students. The next step will be the es- relevant, high-quality and interdisci- search that intends to not only contrib- tablishment of a joint graduate school plinary content to students at Masters, ute to new and better knowledge, but working in the field of a developmental doctorate, and postdoc level. It places a also to its translation from science to issue. strong emphasis on e-learning and data practice. WASCAL’s Graduate Studies Program management and will contribute to a Existing graduate programs to which on climate change economics at Sen- broader research program for Cuba, in ZEF is actively contributing include sev- egal’s University of Cheikh Anta Diop particular in regard to developing inno- eral examples of good practice: was supported by ZEF through lecturing vative solutions to central sustainable The Ghanaian-German Center for De- activities and the co-supervision of all development goals. velopment Studies (GGCDS) is jointly 20 doctoral students from two batches Lessons learned on the road to operated by ZEF and the Institute of Sta- and serves as a good role model for capacity development tistical Social and Economic Research participatory capacity development (ISSER) at the University of Ghana. The programs. Most of the students have Building capacities for development is Center has enhanced the research in- successfully graduated and now hold no small task and requires appropriate frastructure in Ghana, engages in staff teaching and research positions at uni- tools as well as the commitment of all development, and runs a PhD program. versities in their home countries, where the parties involved. Participatory plan- Fifty PhD-students are being provided they are contributing to climate change ning and implementation approaches with theoretical and methodological education and research. need to emerge in cooperation with lo- training through the GGCDS interdis- The Right Livelihood College (RLC) is a cal actors and incorporate their ideas. ciplinary PhD course and the GGCDS global education and research initiative Capacity building initiatives have a role summer school at ZEF. Academic net- of university-based development insti- to play as providers of demand-driven working and proposal development tutes and the Right Livelihood Award and context-oriented skills and tools to activities have resulted in a number of Foundation in Stockholm. The RLC fol- local actors. The key to the long-term joint research projects. lows transdisciplinary and participatory sustainability of capacity development activities, however, is to provide appro- The German-Bolivian Partnership for approaches by working closely together priate solutions for evident challenges integrating biodiversity measures in with the “Alternative Nobel Prize” Lau- and to translate science capacity into environmental impact assessments, reates, their civil society organizations societal capacity that is accepted and a partnership between the Catholic and NGO networks in the Global South. implemented. University of Cochabamba and ZEF. The RLC Campus Bonn was established 6 RESEARCH AGENDA 3 ZEF's work is dedicated to develop- Goals into account which are succeed- The manifold aspects of global change ment research in its different and in- ing the 2000-2015 Millennium Devel- such as continued human population terlinked components. The Center’s opment Goals. In this regard, the six growth, climate change and geopoliti- core research areas are based on the core research areas ensure the full the- cal developments build an overarching disciplinary strengths of our three de- matic integration of ZEF’s science pro- frame under which the research agen- partments, as well as on our interdis- gram and contribute in a sustainable da has been developed. As such, each ciplinary expertise. In addition, we aim way to the Center’s global research of the six core research areas relates to ensure transdisciplinary stakeholder and development objectives which fo- to the overall sustainable development involvement across all research activi- cus on global change, poverty reduc- goals, while accentuating a specific ties, i.e. in the definition of research tion, justice, maintaining diversity, and bundle of topics on which a particular topics and the perception of scientific risk management. ZEF’s development focus is set. All areas are closely inter- findings at different levels with a view objectives are to be implemented via linked and sometimes overlap themati- to their technical, political and societal inter- and transdisciplinary research, cally, also allowing for the continuous implementation. emphasizing gender issues. amplification of thematic arrangements ZEF’s six core research areas take the beyond the given frame of the individu-

Sustainable Development al research area.

Poverty

In the graph below:

ng Markets and D ZEF’s science a i

h Land, water, Marketspublic services and ve program. l c r a food and public services si

b ty energy lo G

Health, Innovation,

nutrition and knowledge and ecosystems

science policy

Governance, t t n

Mobility, n e

conflicts and e m R e migration g i m a P s natural resources n o k p a l and urbanization iti lo m ic e s al v ce a e ur nd D o c es ul l r tur Ju ra al stiice atu cha d n nge y an E olog conom e Ec ic and technological chang 7 KNOWLEDGE 3.1 SCIENCEINNOVATION POLICY

West African Science Service Center on Improving the adaptive capacity of ecological and Climate Change socio-economic systems in the face of climate change and Adapted Land Use (WASCAL)

Research activities The WASCAL Core Research Program The Core Research Program (CRP) sup- tributing to a bridging proposal for CRP is a consortium of German research ported WASCAL in establishing a first- WASCAL was in the focus as well. institutions, coordinated by ZEF, that class research and climate service infra- implements a joint research program structure. Therefore, field laboratories Events on adapted land use and management and hydro-meteorological testbeds • July 20-22, 2015 at the Karlsruhe In- under changing climatic conditions in were equipped for measuring standard stitute of Technology. Exchange of West Africa. climate and sophisticated water and en- information and experiences discus- ergy fluxes. Access to international- lit sion of viable strategies for the WAS- The program aims at: erature and resources and earth obser- CAL research program until 2020. • improving the adaptive capacity of vation centers was facilitated. A central • April 2016 introduction to the new ecological and socio-economic sys- data management infrastructure called research coordinator of the WASCAL tems in the face of climate change WADI has been established permitting Competence Center in Burkina Faso. • securing the flows of key ecosys- the collection of and access to all levels tem services like food production, of research data, satellite information Publications provision of clean water, soil pro- and model results. Observation net- wascal.org/publications/journal-articles ductivity, carbon sequestration, works will be set up for land use, bio- and services related to biodiversity diversity, and socioeconomic factors. Website • improving human livelihoods. Wrapping up research findings for con- wascal.org

Contact Christian Borgemeister [[email protected]] John Lamers [[email protected]] Main funder: BMBF

8 German-Bolivian Partnership Improved implementation of biodiversity accounting for integrating biodiversity in Bolivian Environmental Impact Assessments measures in environmental impact assessments

Within this project, a long-term • A curriculum and a webinar for the partnership between the Universidad integration of biodiversity-related Católica Boliviana in Cochabamba/ EIAs were set up as part of the en- Bolivia and has been established. vironmental engineering curriculum at Universidad Católica Boliviana in The overall aim was to jointly work on Cochabamba. an improved implementation of biodi- • Junior researchers from Bolivia and versity accounting in Bolivian Environ- Germany took part in the doctoral mental Impact Assessments (EIA). program at ZEF.

Research activities Events Doctoral research Evaluation of challenges and opportu- Every year, two workshops are conduct- Candan Ergeneman. Biodiversity, Eco- nities to improve Bolivian EIAs with re- ed, one in Bolivia and one in Germany. system Services and Resilience Think- gard to biodiversity. The first three workshops took place in ing: An Impact Assessment Framework • new standards for the consideration Cochabamba (June 8-12 2015), Bonn for Bolivia. of biodiversity in Bolivian EIAs have (September 28-October 2, 2015) and La been jointly discussed with Bolivian Paz/Cochabamba (July 11-17, 2016). Website stakeholders from science, policy, zef.de/biodiv-eia.html and society.

In focus: Bolivia Despite its abundant natural resources Bolivia remains one of the poorest countries in South America. A strong political focus on economic growth has led to pressure on natural ecosystems and other serious threats to the environment and biodiversity. Like in many other countries, Bolivia reacted to this environmental pressure by introducing environmental impact assessments. Nonethe- less, Bolivia’s great diversity of ecosystems and Contact outstanding natural capital calls for a stronger Christian Borgemeister consideration of biodiversity-related indica- [[email protected]] tors in EIAs that need to be developed and Main funder: DAAD Main cooperation: adapted to local conditions and requirements. Universidad Católica Boliviana

9 Program of Accompanying Contribute to sustainable agricultural growth, food Research for Agricultural and nutrition security in Africa and India. Innovation (PARI)

PARI brings together partners from encouraging. Yet, in many countries • Farmers’ innovation contests in Ke- Africa, India and Germany to contribute substantial efforts are needed to sus- nya, Ethiopia, Malawi and Zambia to to sustainable agricultural growth and tain and accelerate agricultural de- identify innovations from the - “bot food and nutrition security in Africa and velopment for reducing poverty and tom up” and thereby complement India. hunger. PARI has launched a number of innovations coming out of formal re- activities to identify opportunities for search systems (further contests will PARI offers independent scientific ad- stepping up and channeling these ef- follow in 2017). vice to the German government’s “One forts: World, No Hunger”-Initiative (SEWOH) • Three national studies undertaken Events which is one of the most significant by each African partner to analyze • August 12, 2015: PARI side-event at initiatives to improve food and nutri- the current state of the agricultural the 29th International Conference of tion security in Africa by stimulating the innovation system in their country, Agricultural Economists, Milan/ Italy generation and implementation of in- including a review of available inno- • November 10-12, 2015: PARI Model- novations in agriculture and the food vations, innovation investments and ling Workshop and Annual Research sector. Among other activities, SEWOH innovation platforms and Planning Meeting, Bonn/Ger- seeks to achieve its objectives by estab- • A GIS-based typology tool (eAtlas) many lishing Green Innovation Centres in 12 to map out agricultural productivity • January 16-18, 2016: PARI at the In- African countries and India. Countries and efficiency gaps and thereby pri- ternational Green Week, Berlin/ Ger- covered by PARI include: Benin, Burkina oritize investments for Ghana and many Faso, Cameroon, Ethiopia, Ghana, Ke- Malawi which will later be expanded nya, Mali, Malawi, Nigeria, Togo, Tunisia, • June 14, 2016: PARI side-event at the to other PARI countries Zambia and India. 7th Africa Agriculture Science Week, • Modelling the impact and cost-ef- Kigali/Rwanda Research activities fectiveness of innovation packages • September 25, 2016: PARI side-event An Africa-wide study and 12 country at the production level for different at the 5th African Association of Ag- dossiers were completed to identify commodities in Africa ricultural Economists Conference, strategic directions for development • An online Innovation Database to Addis Ababa/Ethiopia investment in the agriculture and food collect and share agricultural inno- sector in Africa. This research shows vations that have the potential to be Publications that the overall picture of the agricul- scaled up in tropical and sub-tropical research4agrinnovation.org/publication tural sector’s performance in Africa is countries (database.research4agrin- novation.org). Website research4agrinnovation.org

Contact Heike Baumüller [[email protected]] Main funder: BMZ Main Cooperation: AGRODEP, FARA, IFPRI, Technical University Munich, University of Hohenheim

10 MIGRATION MOBILITY 3.2 URBANIZATION Generate novel perspectives in Area Studies research Crossroads Asia

The competence network aims to • April 2016: British Association for Publications generate novel perspectives in Area Slavonic and East European Studies, rossroads-asia.de/en/publications.html Studies research by using inter- Cambridge/UK disciplinary theories and methods. • November 2016: Central Eurasian Website Studies Society, Princeton/USA crossroads-asia.de Comprised of half a dozen research • August 2016: Post Disciplinary Sci- institutions with regional expertise of ence Futures: (Un)Thinking Research, among others Afghanistan, Iran, Kaz- Praxes for a Pluriversal World, XVI khstan, Nepal, the network researches World Congress of Comparative the epistemic regimes, power relations, Contact Education Societies, Beijing/China and the relationship between space Claus Bech Hansen and human interaction across different Events [[email protected]] Main funder: BMBF scales. September 22-23, 2016: 5th Interna- Main Cooperation: BICC, LMU, The network uses Norbert Elia’s con- tional Crossroads Asia Conference: Humboldt University Berlin, cept of ‘figurations’ as a main which are Area Studies’ Futures at ZEF Free University Berlin, IOA understood as specific causal and func- tional connections between humans. During the first funding phase (2011- 2014), micro-level empirical research focused on figurations related to three thematic concepts: conflict, migration and development. Since early 2015, the network has begun synthesizing earlier research into an in-depth analysis of how spatial realities are constructed precisely by the movement of people, goods and ideas, as well as how these constructions enable and constrain mobility – both physical and social mobility within and across limiting factors such as geographic but also political, socio- cultural and ethnic borders and boundaries. Research activities Crossroads researchers gave talks at • Februar 2015: Orientalism, Colonial Thinking, and the Former Soviet Pe- riphery, Vilnius/Lithuania

11 LAND, WATER, 3.3 FOOD AND ENERGY

Improve food security in Africa through harnessing productivity BiomassWeb and efficiency gains in the whole biomass-producing, processing and trading system

BiomassWeb has the overall goal to Follow the Innovation Workshop: iModeler Workshop: improve food security in Africa through June 22-23, 2016: Girma Kelboro February 29 to March 01, 2016: A two- harnessing productivity and efficiency Mensuro and his team organized a day workshop on Qualitative Modeling gains in the whole biomass-producing, workshop on Stakeholder Interaction was held at the University of Ibadan in processing and trading system. and Participatory Research in the Bio- Nigeria. Members of BiomassWeb pre- Research activities massWeb project: Lessons learned sented the development of descriptive at ZEF. Junior and senior researchers and explorative models of biomass- The BiomassWeb project has been who applied stakeholder participatory based value webs of different crops evaluated successfully and extended approaches in their BiomassWeb re- with the software iMODELER. The work- until June 2018. The evaluation search shared experiences and carried shop’s goal was to find potential mea- process of the BMBF-funded GlobE out joint analyses. The overall goal sures for explorative modeling and re- program entailed a detailed report and was to broaden the knowledge base flect on how to initiate change as well as a presentation of research results to on participatory research methodol- identify obstacles to learn the systemic representatives of BMBF, BMZ and PtJ as ogy and process documentation as ap- methodology of Explorative Qualitative well as five external evaluators. In 2015 plied in different contexts in the Bio- Modeling. BiomassWeb launched a competitive massWeb project research countries. application process for Demand Driven Research and Development activities which was designed by stakeholders in the focus countries Ghana, Nigeria and Ethiopia. Meanwhile, six projects were selected and will start their activities with additional funding from BMBF in mid-2016. Events February 23-26, 2016: BiomassWeb Science Meeting. The first BiomassWeb Science Meeting was held at the University of Ibadan in Nigeria. Project members from all three partner countries and comprising ten different nationalities participated in the meeting and presented their research. The goal of the meeting was to intensify the collaboration and exchange between different BiomassWeb work packages.

12 Research in the spotlight: Nutritious food from local trees In Ethiopia, coffee is produced in diverse multi-species if Mohamed and Habtamu Seyoum) determines the spe- agroforestry systems, which are very beneficial from both cies composition and structure of the agroforestry systems an economic as well as an ecological perspective. But the in Southwest Ethiopia and identifies, together with the side effect of non-commercial trees to people‘s food and farmers, the nutritionally valuable trees. Furthermore, nutrition is yet unknown and unaccounted. Hence, it is im- the nutritional status of local households has been evalu- portant to study the role that agro-forestry systems play to ated, and their nutritional demands been matched with strengthen the food and nutritional security of small farm the nutrients available in the multi-purpose trees. So far, households. 300 households participated in the study and 15 promising A team of ZEF researchers (Daniel Callo-Concha, Omarsher- tree species have been identified.

1. Households’ nutritional stand 2. Promising nutritious tree is assessed by members profiling, species are identified through dietary assessments and children botanical surveys and interviews anthropometric measurements with local experts

3. Promising plant species and 4. Selected species are analyzed their edible parts are identified in the laboratory for the by botanists at the Addis Ababa micronutrients content University

Doctoral research Francis Mwambo.Energy Efficiency Getachew Legese Feye. Family Farm- Analysis of Biomass Production. Con- ing and Food Insecurity in Ethiopia: sidering African land use schemes, hu- The Role of Risk Perceptions of Family man labor and draft animals. Farmers in Maize Biomass-Based Value Isaac Mbeche Nyang’au. Boundary Webs in Jimma area. Work and Agricultural Innovation Sys- Omarsherif Mohammed Je- tems: Developing a Conceptual and mal. The Role of Agro- Methodological Framework for Sci- forestry Systems to ence-Practice Interaction and Knowl- Enhance Household`s edge Generation using an example of Food Security: Push-pull Technology in Ethiopia. a Case Study Daniel Akoto-Sarfo. Bamboo agrofor- in Yayu area, estry for household energy and food se- South West curity in Ghana: An exploratory study. Ethiopia. Gerba Leta Dufera. The Ethiopian Agri- Contact Marcos Jimenez. cultural Extension System and its role Manfred Denich Temporal Dynam- as a “Development Actor”: the case of [[email protected]] ics of Biomass Pro- Bako and Yem Woredas, South-west- Christine Schmitt [[email protected]] vision from Agricul- ern Ethiopia. Tina Beuchelt tural and Agro-Forest [[email protected]] Land Use Types at Land- Website Main funder: BMBF, BMZ scape Scale. biomassweb.org

13 FOODSECURE Exploring the Future of Global Food and Nutrition Security

ZEF is part of the 18-member interna- egies for improving food and nutrition tional consortium FOODSECURE which security. The impacts of specific local aims to design effective and sustainable national policies as well as the consis- strategies for assessing and addressing tency of various European policies (e.g. the challenges of global food and nutri- trade, agricultural, aid, etc.) are ana- tion security. FOODSECURE develops a lyzed. To that effect, the project pro- knowledge base to support policy mak- vides a set of analytical instruments to ers of the European Union and other understand, analyze or experiment with stakeholders in the design of consis- the effects of short and long-term poli- tent, coherent, long-term policy strat- cies related to achieving food security. These instruments can take the form of compiled and compressed analytical research papers, made approachable to a general audience through an innovative tape of online library, but also of new datasets and models. Specific findings of general and current interest in this project include the impacts of the Paris climate change agreement to limit global warming. This agreement will have profound impacts on the agricultural sector, as a key emitter of green- house gases as well as a key potential mitigator of climate change. These impacts on various sectors of the agricultural system are modeled and predict- ed into the long term, together with the evolution of global trade, demograph- ics, technological change and the global economic system. Such predictions to the long term (2050) necessarily entail the analysis of various scenarios of the state of the world in the future, which were developed in a participatory process involving various stakeholders of the global food system. These scenarios have challenged the foodsecure scientists to reflect on various levels of global sustainable development in their models. Hence, both the issues of environmental sustainability and economic equality are strongly reflected in the model predictions.

Research agenda In this project ZEF has two streams of research: investigating the determinants of food commodity price volatility and its impacts on food and nutrition

14 security, as well as the determinants trying to decompose agricultural to- ity of Households and Communities of agricultural innovations (systems) tal factor productivity growth at the for Improved Water, Sanitation and and science policy and their impacts on national level across a wide sent of Hygiene: Water Testing Experiments food and nutrition security. countries and over time.This work is with School Children and Adult In both cases the research is based on not yet published. Household Members in Ghana, Mi- and divided into micro-level household • Analysis of national policies and their lan/Italy. data analysis as well as empirical inves- effect on price volatility and their • June 2016: Brussels FOODSECURE tigations of international, secondary food security impacts in India. In Stakeholder workshop - Nicolas Ger- data. particular, the costs of the national ber: Playing agricultural innovation grain procurement system and of the for win-win: inclusive innovation sys- Research findings public food researves are assessed. tems for farmer resilience, Brussels/ Some of the key findings of the ZEF Three papers have been produced. Belgium team point in particular at the role A review of the existing evidence on and costs of regional and national the potential complementarity and Doctoral research public food reserves. While they can synergy of the two main Indian (and Marta Kozicka. Policies for Food Security mitigate volatile food commodity the world’s) social safety nets (the in India: An Assessment of Current Poli- prices, their efficiency in doing so cru- grain public distribution system and cies and Reform Options. cially differ depending on the actual the rural employment guarantee) Daniel A. Mekonnen. Social Interactions, setting (e.g. collaborative regional on food security has also been pub- Aspirations, and Agricultural Innovations: systems, or single national policies lished, with more analysis in prog- Linkages with Income and Food Security from large or small countries). The ress. in Rural Ethiopia. ZEF team is also delivering various el- • Analysis of the interaction of systems ements of an early-warning system to of belief and their determinants in Publications preempt periods of (excessive) food the adoption of agricultural innova- foodsecure.eu/Publications.aspx price volatility. One of these elements tions for the achievement of food is the analysis of the transmission of security in rural Ethiopia. Three re- Website international food commodity mar- search papers have been produced, foodsecure.eu kets to the national food commodity all published as ZEF and FOODSE- and even food prices. CURE working papers, or in various At the micro-economic level of the stages of review with academic jour- farmer and the farm household, one of nals. ZEF’s contrigution is to highlight the effects of the farmers’ psychological and Events social drivers on his or her innovation • July 2015: EcoMod2015. Marta behavior. Even as more traditional bar- Kozicka, oral presentation on Food riers to innovation are considered (e.g. Grain Policies in India and their Im- access to inputs, information, finance, plications for Stocks and Fiscal Costs: or markets), this work shows that farm- A Partial Equilibrium Analysis, Bos- ers with low aspirations innovate less ton/USA. and enjoy less food and nutrition secu- • August 2015: Milan ICAE, Sympo- rity in their household. sium on: Agricultural innovations for food and health - creation, diffusion, Contact Research activities adoption and behavioral aspects. Nicolas Gerber • Compilation of a new international Presenters (among others): Daniel [[email protected]] data set on the elements of agricul- Mekonnen on The Effect of Aspira- Main funder: EU Commission, tural innovation systems: The data tions on Agricultural Innovations Framework Program7 is the basis of a new agricultural in Rural Ethiopia and Charles Yaw Main Cooperation: LEI-WUR, IFPRI, technological capacity index and will Okyere on Strengthening the Capac- KUL, INRA, IHEID, IIASA, EC-JRC serve as the basis for further work

15 Diversifying agriculture for balanced nutrition through fruits NutriHAF and vegetables in multi-storey cropping system

The research and capacity building • An extensive database with informa- project explores how to integrate tion about edible plants growing in Contact appropriate vegetable crops into multi- the Yayu Biosphere Reserve was set Jochen Dürr storey cropping systems. The goal is up. [[email protected]] to increase nutrition security as well • Picture cards of the plants were de- Main funder: BLE as diversify and intensify agriculture signed and discussed with farmers. Main Cooperation: and thus to reduce pressure on natural AVRDC, FOFIFA, KoGa, • Collection of farmers’ criteria for habitats in biodiversity hotspots. IZNE, UoA, ASARECA, plant selection. FANRAP, GlobalHort, Research activities • Based on these and other criteria ECFF, WHH Four villages in the Yayu Biosphere such as seasonality and nutrient con- Reserve in Ethiopia were selected as tent, a shortlist of ten suitable plants research sites was created. • Multi-disciplinary teams conducted a gender-disaggregated, qualitative Events survey of the situation in the villages. • July 2015: Kick-off Workshop, Addis Ababa/Ethiopia • The following factors were investi- gated: The farming systems, liveli- • April 2016: Workshop, Yayu/Ethiopia hood profiles and institutional- net • June 2016: Workshop, Farafangana/ working of villages and households, Madagascar the food culture, diets, consumer behavior and health, gender relations, Website division of labor and decision-mak- zef.de/project/NutriHAF-Africa ing mechanisms within households.

16 Global, basin, and ocal case studies of resource use efficiency under growing natural resource scarcity The Water-Energy-Food Nexus

The project aims to conduct an on that, conceptual and empirical ap- Rahel Bekele. Essays on Irrigation Sys- assessment of tradeoffs and synergies proaches have been developed for the tems of Ethiopia: Institutional and Tech- across the water, energy and food Eastern Nile river basin. For the analyses, nological Performance Analysis. sectors in the Nile Basin (covering agent-based and agricultural household Ethiopia, Sudan and Egypt). models were used. Finally, the necessary Website This includes an evaluation of the op- datasets have been compiled. water-energy-food.org portunities for a decentralized energy production and use, as well as of entry Events points for a more efficient resource use. April, 2015: Project launch workshop was held in Addis Ababa/Ethiopia Contact Research activities Alisher Mirzabaev During the reporting period, the project Doctoral research [[email protected]] has completed a review of key challeng- Helen Berga. Modeling the Nexus be- Main funder: BMZ es and opportunities within the Water- tween Water, Energy and Food in the Main Cooperation: IFPRI, ENTRO, Energy-Foodsecurity Nexus in Ethiopia Eastern Nile Basin. Addis Ababa University and in the Eastern Nile river basin. Based

A global review of the current status and analyses of future Bioenergy, Bio-economy trends of bioenergy and bio-economy and Food Security Project

The project conducted research related the underlying factors behind the suc- • Senegal and Rwanda case studies to the Water-Energy-Food Security cesses and failures of household- and were presented during seminars at Nexus at global and local levels (India, community-based decentralized energy the German Institute of Global and Ethiopia, China, Rwanda, Senegal). technologies. Thirdly, in-depth country Area Studies (GIGA) and the World The overall goal was to provide ev- case studies were conducted in Ethiopia, Bank, respectively India and China by three ZEF junior re- idence-based analytical support for Doctoral research national and international policies that searchers, and in Senegal and Rwanda in Varun Gaur. Decentralized bioenergy promote technological and institution- collaboration with partners. in India and its synergies with water- al innovations in the bio-economy, es- Events energy-food security nexus. pecially in developing countries. The findings of the project were pre- Qui Chen. The impacts of biomass en- Research activities sented at: ergy on rural livelihood in China. • March 2015: Nexus Conference on The project completed a Global Review Global change, SDGs, and Nexus ap- of the current status and analyses of fu- proach, Dresden/Germany ture trends of bioenergy and bio-economy. Secondly, a thematic cross-country • June 2015: International energy technical study on the impacts of decen- workshop hosted by the Internation- Contact tralized energy access along the Nexus al Renewable Energy Agency, Abu Alisher Mirzabaev components was completed. The paper Dhabi/UAE [[email protected]] analyzed five case studies from China, • July 2015: Global LEAP (Lighting and Main funder: BMZ Ecuador, Ethiopia, India and Nepal Energy Access Partnership) Off-Grid Main Cooperation: RWI, University through the lenses of the Water-Energy- electricity event, Dhaka/Bangladesh of Passau Food Security nexus in order to identify 17 The Economics of Land Initiate investments to combat land degradation for Degradation sustainable development and poverty reduction

The Economics of Land Degradation opportunities for addressing land deg- Events (ELD) project assessed the extent and radation in diverse contexts of develop- The policy outreach activities were severity of land degradation as well ing countries. The ELD project catalyzed conducted through national ELD work- as its impacts on human and social extensive scientific partnerships for shops and conference sessions in Kenya welfare both globally and in 12 selected land degradation research. It was con- (2013), Ethiopia (2014), Italy (2015), case study regions and countries in sub- ducted in cooperation with more than Senegal (2016), Niger (2016). Saharan Africa, Asia, Latin America 20 national and international research The results of the ELD research were and Europe. It emphasized the need groups, institutions and development also communicated to policy makers, to initiate investments to combat partners, forming multi-disciplinary civil society and general public through land degradation for sustainable teams of more than 50 researchers ELD events in Kenya, Niger, Senegal, development and poverty reduction by from around the world. These partner- and USA, as well as a press confer- conducting a global assessment of the ships have led to continued research ence in Berlin, Germany, and numerous costs of action and inaction against and development collaborations and press, radio and TV interviews, not only land degradation. initiatives on ELD in English, but also in French, German, The results of the ELD research were topics beyond Russian, and Swahili. compiled in a freely downloadable open the project access book published together with period. The quality of ELD research was also Springer International. internationally recognized by such awards as Nils Research activities Westermarck The ELD research developed a concep- Prize for Best tual framework for a more comprehen- Visual Paper sive assessment of the costs of land (poster) by degradation by including the value of the Interna- land ecosystem services, provided an- tional Associ- alytical methods for determining the ation of Agricultural costs and drivers of land degradation Economists during its at various scales, and demonstrated 29th Triennial Conference the application of these concepts and in Milan, Italy 2015 (Kirui methods at the national level through and Mirzabaev. Costs of land 12 country case studies in sub-Saharan degradation in Eastern Africa), and Africa, Asia, Latin America and Europe. the best paper award in Sustainable These 12 carefully selected national Land Use by the Indo-German Cen- case studies provide rich information tre for Sustainability during its con- about various local contexts of costs of ference in Madras, India 2016 (Kirui. land degradation, drivers of land deg- Economics of Land Degradation and radation, and amenable strategies for Sustainable Land Management in sustainable land management. More- Eastern Africa). over, focus group discussions were held in more than 40 rural commu- Major research findings nities in six case study coun- The results of the ELD research show tries to ground-truth the re- that land degradation is occurring sults of the ELD research in almost all terrestrial biomes and on land degradation agro-ecologies, in both low and high mapping. These income countries and is stretching trans-disciplinary to about 30% of the total global land exchanges also area. About three billion people enabled to gain reside in these degraded lands. intimate ground-level However, the impact of land deg- knowledge on challenges and radation is especially severe on

18 livelihoods of the poor who heavily de- • Training of two doctoral students at pend on natural resources. The annual ZEF: Oliver Kirui and Evelyne Kihiu global cost of land degradation due to (both from Kenya). Presently both land use and cover change and lower of them have successfully complet- cropland and rangeland productivity is ed their doctoral theses. estimated to be about 300 billion US • Research support and field train- dollars. Sub-Saharan Africa accounts ing for four Master students, who for the largest share (22%) of the total wrote their Master theses with the global cost of land degradation. Only ELD project.This was made possible about 46% of the cost of land degrada- through the cooperation between tion due to land use and cover change the ELD project and GIZ-BEAF pro- are private costs and are borne by im- gram. mediate land users and the remaining share (54%) represents the social costs Policy advocacy of land degradation borne by the entire Throughout the ELD project period, global community. Reversing land deg- significant efforts were made for com- radation trends makes both economic municating with national and -inter sense, and has multiple social and en- national policymakers for providing vironmental benefits. On average, one evidence-based advice on sustainable US dollar invested into restoration of land management. The policy outreach degraded land returns five US dollars activities were conducted through na- globally. The findings of the country tional ELD workshops and conference case studies call for increased invest- sessions through ELD sessions during ments into the rehabilitation and res- the Global Soil Weeks (2012-2015), as toration of degraded lands, including well as through numerous face-to-face through such institutional and policy engagements with policymakers. The measures as strengthening community findings of the ELD research and na- participation for sustainable land man- tional case studies were summarized agement, enhancing government effec- as policy briefs and distributed among tiveness and rule of law, improving ac- national and international policymakers cess to markets and rural services, and and practitioners. securing land tenure. The results of this research can contribute significantly to Doctoral research the ongoing policy debate and efforts Oliver Kirui. Economics of Land Degra- to design strategies for achieving sus- dation, Sustainable Land Management tainable development goals and related and Poverty. efforts to address land degradation and Evelyne Kihiu. Pastoral Practices, Eco- halt biodiversity loss. nomics, and Institutions of Sustainable Capacity building Rangeland Management in Kenya. In addition to joint research together Publications with partners, which provided numer- eld-initiative.org/index.php?id=111 ous opportunities for mutual knowledge exchanges, the ELD project carried Website Contact out several capacity building activities Alisher Mirzabaev eld-initiative.org for training young researchers in con- [[email protected]] ducting high quality research on the Main funder: BMZ economics of land degradation, such Main Cooperations: IFPRI, IGIDR, as: ICARDA, CCAP, CAS, ECFS

19 HEALTH, NUTRITION AND 3.4 ECOSYSTEMS

Guiding pro-poor investments in the nexus among domestic WATSAN-Agriculture water quality and quantity, sanitation and hygiene, and agriculture

Unsafe drinking water and inadequate • December 01, 2015: Okyere C.Y., Pan- sanitation are known as major drivers garibowo E.H., Asante F.A., von Braun J., of health and nutrition deficiencies. The The Impacts of Household Water Qual- goal of the WATSAN-Agriculture project ity Testing and Information on Safe Wa- is to identify trade-offs, synergies, and ter Behaviors: Evidence from Random- thresholds among water quality and ized Experiment in Ghana, Presentation quantity, sanitation and hygiene, and at the „Better Policies: Better Lives“ agriculture as well as their implications Conference, London/UK for investment priorities. Doctoral research The project also aims at strengthening Muhammed Abdella Usman. Leveraging the capacity of households and com- Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WATSAN) munities to monitor and manage their Nexus: Synergies, Thresholds, and Trade- own WATSAN environment. Research offs for a Better Nutrition and Health -Out activities are carried out Ethiopia, Gha- come in Ethiopia. na, Bangladesh and India. Charles Okyere. Strengthening the Ca- pacity of Households and Communities Research activities for an Improved Monitoring of Water and Wrap-up of research activities, Data Sanitation (WATSAN) Environment: - Ex evaluation, presentation and publica- periments with School Children in Ghana. tion of results at selected conferences/ Ruchi Vangani. Exploring the links and dy- in selected journals, Finalization of doc- namics therein for WATSAN and irrigation toral dissertations. agriculture (AG-WATSAN Nexus) for a bet- Events ter nutrition and health outcome. • August 17-18, 2015: von Braun J., Multi- Florence McBain. Can improved water- ple sustainability challenges in multi-use sanitation conditions together with water systems: drinking water, sanita- health insurance effectively reduce pov- tion, health and irrigation, Presentation erty?. at the Sustainable Development Goals: Timo Falkenberg. Health Dimensions of A Water Perspective conference, Bonn/ Wastewater-Irrigated Urban Agriculture Germany in Ahmedabad, India. Contact • October 1-6, 2015: Falkenberg T., Ge- Mohammad Monirul Hasan. Investment in health within Agriculture-Water-San- Nicolas Gerber sundheitsimplikationen der WASH- [[email protected]] Nexus in der Urbanen Landwirtschaft itation-Hygiene (AG-WATSAN) nexus for Main funder: Bill and Melinda Gates von Ahmedabad/Indien, Presentation the rural households in Bangladesh. Foundation at the Deutscher Kongress für Geogra- Main Cooperations: EEA, ISSER, phie, Berlin/Germany Website IIPHG, BRAC zef.de/watsan.html

20 Health Research Capacity and Water-Related Diseases: Improving Risk Assessment Strategies for Public Health Care HEALTHCAP in Uzbekistan

HEALTHCAP is a science-based capacity and its research findings will offer in- building project that aims at improving sights for improving surveillance and risk assessment strategies to address monitoring of water-related diseases the growing threat from water-related and strengthening Uzbekistan’s wa- diseases in Uzbekistan. ter safety plan.

The project is exploratory, attempting Activities to explain health risk through a combi- • Household survey was conducted nation of disciplinary and interdisciplin- using open-data kit through master’s ary research. The overall purpose is to students from the Tashkent Medical close the gap between ‘research and Academy, Tashkent. practice’. • The survey covered socio-economic status, hygiene, health history of the Research members, and their health care prac- • Identifying opportunities for tices. The survey covered about 400 strengthening health research ca- households. pacity building in Uzbekistan for im- • Short-term courses were provided proved surveillance and monitoring to Master’s students of the Tashkent of water-related diseases. Medical Academy, which will be ex- • Understanding the intrinsic and expanded in 2016 and integrated in trinsic global environmental change the existing masters course on public factors influencing water-related health. diseases in the Tashkent Province of • Tashkent Medical Academy is for- Uzbekistan. mally associated with HEALTHCAP • Identifying tools and policies to im- for teaching environmental health prove risk assessment strategies for courses. Possibilities of establishing public health policies and programs a Center for Environmental Health in on water-related diseases in the the institute are currently explored. Tashkent Province. • HEALTHCAP operates in two case Doctoral research study districts: Olmalik and Kibray in Minjung Cho. Assessing the Health Re- the Tashkent Province. Besides, rele- search Capacity in water and health vant policy assessments, institution- sector - Case study in Tashkent prov- al arrangements and socio-ecolog- ince Uzbekistan Contact ical conditions at the national level V.S. Saravanan will be considered. HEALTHCAP will Website [[email protected]] Main funder: strengthen health data base man- zef.de/project/healthcap agement in the selected districts, Volkswagen Foundation

21 CONFLICTS AND 3.5 NATURALGOVERNANCE, RESOURCES

Shaping Environmental Formulation and implementation of environmental policies Policies for that contribute to the sustainable use of forest resources and Sustainable Tropical Forest related locally and globally valued ecosystem services Bio-economies

This research project aims at • Team members Börner and Giudice understanding how and to what co-authored a paper published early in extent countries (case studies to 2016 assessing the cost-effectiveness, be conducted in Brazil, Peru, and income effects and distributional (eq- Ecuador) can influence tropical forest uity) outcomes of a conservation pay- bio-economy pathways through the ments program in the Peruvian Ama- integration and informed design of zon. environmental policy instruments. Its • A recent publication led by Fogliano ultimate objective is to facilitate the (ZEF guest researcher from Brazil in formulation and implementation of 2015) and Börner estimates the imple- environmental policies that contribute mentation costs of Brazilian anti-de- to the sustainable use of forest resources forestation policies between 2000 and and related locally and globally valued 2012. ecosystem services. • Starting in 2016, the research group Research activities received recurrent visits from the ZEF- nominated Alexander von Humboldt • A paper led by Rosa da Conceição pub- Foundation’s Georg Forster Award lished late in 2015 documents the role recipient Prof. Britaldo Soares Filho political and institutional factors have (University of Minas Gerais, Brazil) to played in the adoption of incentive- collaborate on economic and environ- based forest conservation policies in mental modelling activities. Brazil, Ecuador and Peru.

22 Events Outcomes of Social Processes and Sus- Renzo Guidice Granados. Measuring the • November 2015: Conference of the tainable Development Interventions effectiveness of incentive-based conser- Verein für Socialpolitik. Jan Börner by Elías Cisneros, Sheffield/UK vation. hosted a session on tropical forest Doctoral research Website: conservation policies, Münster/Ger- Elías Cisneros Tersitsch. Impact evaluation many zef.de/envpol.html of tropical forxest conservation policies in • June 26-29, 2016: International So- the Brazilian Amazon. ciety for Ecological Economics. Oral Hugo Rosa da Conceição. Determinants of presentation of two papers by Elías incentive-based forest governance in the Cisneros and Renzo Guidice. Cisne- Amazon: Evidence from Ecuador, Peru and ros also presented this paper at the Contact Brazil. World Bank Headquarters, Washing- Jan Börner ton/USA Johannes Schielein. Land-use forest policy [[email protected]] and economic development in the Brazil- • June 2016: Workshop at the Sheffield Main funder: ian Amazon region. Robert Bosch Foundation Institute for International Develop- Main Cooperation: CIFOR, GIZ, FAS, ment. Presentation on Evaluating Javier Miranda. Modelling tropical conser- IPAM, UAB, BIK-F Socioeconomic and Environmental vation policy mixes in the Amazon region.

23 MARKETS 3.6 AND

Analysis and ImplementationPUBLIC of SERVICESmeasures to reduce price Food Price Volatility Project volatility in national and international markets for improved food security in developing countries

Large price fluctuations are highly Research activities problematic for small-scale farmers as • Jan Brockhaus found that storage well as for consumers. Therefore, our policies in India are largely missing project looks at different ways to stabi- one of their purposes: the protec- lize food prices and to contribute to a tion of consumers from high prices. resilient food system that can continu- He furthermore discussed his work ously feed its population. One focus on global supply and demand esti- consists of research activities based mates with representatives from on the question how to improve the the Food and Agriculture Organiza- functioning of markets. Furthermore, tion and the G20 at the 2015 meet- we develop tools for early warning of ing of the Agriculture Market Infor- risks for food security. This includes re- mation System. search as well as the implementation • Mekbib Haile explored the impacts of a website which collects informa- of climate change and weather and tion on early warning and related in- price risks on agricultural produc- dicators. Finally, our research activities tion. He furthermore analyzed the also involve social safety networks and transmission of price shocks along how these can contribute to increase the Ethiopian wheat value chain. the resilience against shocks.

The new food monitor website

24 • Marta Kozicka has been analyzing searchers presented at the In- Regine Weber. New Indicators for the food consumption through In- ternational Conference of Agri- Food Crises Monitoring in Developing dia’s public distribution system for cultural Economists, including: Countries. different consumer groups. Irfan Mujahid on Do the World Trade Fuad Hassan. Interlinkages between • Irfan Mujahid has been working on Organization and Rregional Trade food prices and agricultural wages trade and food security issues in Agreenent Promote Food Trade? and and impact on farm mechanization: developing countries with a special Regine Weber on Welfare Impacts Evidence from Bangladesh. focus on Indonesia. Specifically, he of Rising Food Prices: Evidence from analyzed the role of trade and re- India, Milan/Italy serve cooperation. • August 2015: Matthias Kalkuhl orga- • The potential of using online gener- nized a symposium on storage and ated content for early warning has trade policy, including a presenta- been explored by Regine Weber for tion by Jan Brockhaus on -Emer her PhD studies. gency reserves, private storage, or trade? How to prevent extreme • Till Ludwig started his analysis on grain prices in a two country setting, determinants of food and nutrition Milan/Italy security of smallholder farmers in risky environments over time. • September 2015: Marta Kozicka presented on Public Distribution System • Fuad Hassan has been working on vs. Market: Analysis of Staple Food the relationship between rural wag- Consumption in India Using QUAIDS es and food prices in Bangladesh, with Rationing and Jan Brockhaus on thereby connecting food security Emergency reserves, private storage, with farm mechanization and farm or trade? How to prevent extreme wages. grain prices in a two country setting Events at the Gewisola, Gießen/Germany • July 2015: Annual Meetingof the • September 2016: Mekbib Haile talk- Agricultural Applied Economics As- ed on Analysis of Price Shock Trans- sociation. Jan Brockhaus presented mission: Case of the Wheat-Bread on Rice, wheat, and corn supply re- Market Value Chain at the Annual sponse in China, San Francisco/USA Conference on the Ethiopian Econo- my. Addis Ababa/Ethiopia • July 2015: Regine Weber gave a talk Contact on Crowdsourcing Food Prices in Af- Doctoral research Mekbib Haile rica at the Technical Inception Work- [[email protected]] Till Ludwig. Determining the dietary shop, European Commission, Brus- Main funder: BMZ, EU Commission quality of vulnerable groups in risky sels/Belgium Main Cooperation: IFPRI, MCC, EEA, environments. • August 2015: Several ZEF re- ILR, CCA, Bernardina Algieri

25 4 CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT

DOCTORAL STUDIES PROGRAMZEF’S 4.1 ZEF’s doctoral studies program offers Vincent Kyere intercultural competence, research an interdisciplinary and international the junior researcher from Ghana, ethics and leadership development. three-year doctoral education. Since was appointed member of the Afri- Besides the course work, the doctoral its inception in 1999 around 650 ZEF can Good Governance Network from students have to spend time preparing junior researchers from 90 countries DAAD. and finalizing their research proposals have participated in the program. during the first phase. After their su- Interdisciplinary training pervisors have approved the research Highlights Tackling development issues requires plans, the students travel abroad to crossing the boundaries of individual conduct field research in a developing Abu Hayat Md. Saiful Islam disciplines. Therefore, development country, which takes one to two years. from Bangladesh is one of the win- research is to be based on integrative Subsequently, the students return to ners of the Josef G. Knoll European thinking among a variety of disciplines. ZEF to write up their doctoral theses Science Award-2016 granted by the The doctoral education and research during the last six to twelve months of Stiftung fiat panis. Dr. Saiful Islam re- in ZEF’s program therefore bridges and the program. ceives the award of 10,000 Euro for combines interdisciplinarity skills and Welcome to new doctoral his dissertation on “Impact of tech- disciplinary expertise. The interdisci- students at ZEF nological innovation on the poor: in- plinary training at ZEF prepares the tegrated aquaculture-agriculture in doctoral graduates to work in inter- In 2016, ZEF welcomes a batch of 20 new Bangladesh”. disciplinary teams and cooperate with doctoral students from 15 countries. partners from various professional and Elias Cisneros and Oliver Kirui cultural backgrounds in an interna- are ZEF junior researchers from Ger- tional partnership effort for sustainable many and Kenya and won awards for development. This enables participants their papers presented at the 29th In- to explore new academic fields and be ternational Conference for Agricultural competitive on an international job Economics in Milan, Italy. About 1,200 market. scientists from more than 70 countries The structured course program participated. The jury awarded Mr. Cis- neros Tersitsch together with co-au- The teaching program includes two thors Sophie Zhou and Jan Börner the blocks of courses spread over the first TW Schultz Prize for the best presenta- and third year of the program, tion and Mr. Kirui with Alisher Mirza- (1) an interdisciplinary course which baev as co-author won the N. Wester- provides a sound theoretical back- mark Award for the best paper in the ground, including knowledge and skills visual category. to address the complex and interlinked problems of development, and Oliver Kirui (2) courses structured along disciplin- received also an award for his work on ary lines in economics, social sciences, Economics of Land Degradation at the and ecology, with a special emphasis on Indo-German Conference on Sustain- theory and methodology of each field. ability (IGCS) held at the India Insti- ZEF also offers special short courses tute of Technology, Madras, India, on in topics such as GIS, remote sensing, February 27-28, 2016. His presenta- mathematics and statistics etc. Individ- For general information on the ZEF tion titled ‘Economics of Land Degra- ual students may visit laboratories at doctoral program and the applica- dation and Sustainable Land Manage- the University of Bonn or other cooper- tion and registration procedure ment in Eastern Africa’ was rated best ating institutes in Germany or abroad. please look at paper presented at the conference. Key skills are trained in workshops on www.zef.de/application_doc.html

27 DOCTORAL 4.2 DEGREES MID 2015 - MID 2016

06 November 2015 15 April 2016 01 July 2016 Philipp Baumgartner (Germany) Rythia Afkar (Indonesia) Jiaxin Tan (China) The impact of large-scale land-acquisi- Public Services, Social Protection and Industrial Water Pollution in Dongying tion in East Africa on poverty reduction Poverty: Evidence from Indonesia. City, the Yellow River Delta of China: and rural economy: Studies from Ethio- Communication Interfaces between pia and Uganda. 15 April 2016 Government Agencies and the Local Irfan Mujahid (Indonesia) Population. 16 December 2015 Assessing the Role of Trade and Reserve Cooperation in the Food Price Dynam- Siti Rahyla Rahmat (Malaysia) 05 July 2016 ics: Indonesia in the Regional and Glob- Global value chains and the role of in- Tigist Araya Gessesse (Ethiopia) al Economic Architecture. novation for sustainable palm oil: An Above- and belowground carbon stocks international bioeconomy analysis for in semi-arid land use systems under Malaysia. 15 April 2016 integrated Watershed Management in Sophoanrith Ro (Cambodia) Gergera watershed, Ethiopa. 15 January 2016 Potential of organic manures in rainfed lowland rice-based production systems Jan-Niklas Bamler (Germany) 08 July 2016 on sandy soils of Cambodia. Value for the Vulnerable? Sustainable Jan Brockhaus (Germany) Smallholder Development in Northern The Role of Storage and Information in Ghana and the Value Chains of Rice (To- 25 April 2016 Stabilizing Food Prices and Supplies. mato and Chili). Oliver Kiptoo Kirui (Kenya) Economics of Land Degradation, Sus- 26-August-2016 tainable Land Management and Pov- 21 March 2016 Divya Swaminathan (India) erty in Eastern Africa - The Extent, Driv- Evelyne Nyathira Kihiu (Kenya) Agricultural transformation and indig- ers, Costs and Impacts. Pastoral Practices, Economics, and In- enous communities: Case studies from stitutions of Sustainable Rangeland Southern India. Management in Kenya. 01 June 2016 Georgina Wambui Njiraini (Kenya) 31 August 2016 Water Policy in South Africa: Effects, 31 March 2016 Marta Kozicka (Poland) Impacts, and the associated transaction Vincent Nartey Kyere (Ghana) Policies for Food Security in India: An costs in the Olifants basin. GIS as an evidence based decision mak- Assessment of Current Policies and Re- ing tool or E-waste management. form Options.

28 CAPACITY IN AFRICA & ASIA 4.3 DEVELOPMENT

Support and facilitate academic education amongst West The WASCAL Graduate African universities in association with German counterpart Studies Program institutions

The WASCAL Graduate Studies Program a different thematic focus on climate • March – June 2016: 3 months Lan- supports and facilitates academic change. guage and Common Courses in Ku- education amongst West African In the course of their studies, WASCAL masi/Ghana and Lomé/Togo universities in association with German students will benefit from the close counterpart institutions. The Program collaboration with German partner in- Website focuses on educating Doctoral and stitutions that support the African lead wascal.org/graduate-programmes/ Master’s students. universities by providing scientific back- graduate-studies-programme/ Highlights stopping, lecturing and student men- toring. In March 2016, a new batch of 100 West African students started the WAS- Research activities CAL Graduate Studies Program. Sixty By the end of June 2016, 133 WASCAL doctoral and 40 master’s students from students had successfully defended the 10 WASCAL member countries (Be- their Doctoral and Master theses. An- nin, Burkina Faso, Cote d’Ivoire, The other 25 doctoral students will have de- Gambia, Ghana, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, fended their thesis by the end of 2016. Contact Senegal, Togo) receive a scholarship Maria Ullrich and Urs Charpa and research funds. They join a two Events [email protected] to three-year program at one of the • March 09-11, 2016: Introductory Sem- Main funder: BMBF 10 graduate schools hosted by West inar for the new batch of students in African partner universities, each with Accra/Ghana

29 Ghanaian-German Centre for Development Studies

ZEF established the Ghanaian- Excellence. During the conference, German Centre for Development which was addressed by the Gha- Studies (GGCDS) in collaboration with naian ministers for communication the Institute of Statistical Social and and higher education, more than 80 Economic Research (ISSER) at the participants from Germany, Ghana, University of Ghana in 2008. Kenya, Namibia, South Africa, and Tanzania discussed the role research The GGCDS runs a doctoral program in plays in development issues and pro- development studies, engages in staff cesses. capacity building, funds research and conference travels of lecturers, stu- Website dents and alumni, and facilitates joint zef.de/project/ggcds workshops and research projects. Since 2008, 56 doctoral students have been admitted and 19 have graduat- Contact ed. In 2015/16, the GGCDS completed Wolfram Laube the construction of a post-graduate [[email protected]] resource center at the University for Main funder: DAAD Development Studies in Northern Main Cooperations: ISSER, FPLM, Ghana and hosted the 6th DAAD Net- UDS work Meeting of African Centers of

30 Opportunity to develop expertise across disciplines and IPADS country boundaries to tackle agricultural and environmental problems in developing countries around the world

The partnership between ZEF and the • March 2016: Six doctoral students Graduate School of Agricultural and Life of ZEF (accompanied by Dr. Günther Sciences has been concluded in Janu- Manske and Alma van der Veen) ary 2016 by signing a Memorandum of have visited IPADS and participated Understanding. In this partnership, the in an international program on the Graduate School of Agricultural and Life application of crop growth models Sciences of the University of Tokyo is and sensing technologies for crop represented by the International Pro- productivity assessments. gram in Agricultural Development Stud- • Winter semester 2015/2016: Four ies (IPADS). IPADS is an international representatives of IPADS (Prof. Ken- English-language program at Master's suke Okada, director of IPADS; Dr. and doctoral level that offers its can- Taro Takahashi, Prof. Kazuhiko Ko- didates the opportunity to develop ex- bayashi, Prof. Seishi Ninomiya) gave pertise across disciplines and country lectures at ZEF on soil and plant sci- boundaries to tackle agricultural and ence, agricultural economics and environmental problems in developing agroinformatics. countries around the world. The partnership includes exchange of staff and Websites students as well as joint research and zef.ipads.jp lectures. ipads.a.u-tokyo.ac.jp Activities • September 2016: ZEF researcher Manfred Denich made his contribu- tion to the introductory part of the IPADS course in Tokyo focused on de- Contact velopment research and north-south Manfred Denich collaboration with case studies from [[email protected]] South America and East Africa. Main Cooperations: University of Tokyo, IPADS

31 THE RIGHT

4.4 COLLEGE LIVELIHOOD

The Right Livelihood College (RLC) is • Empirical research projects of doc- and had an information booth at the a global capacity building initiative of toral students in Kenya, India, Ma- World Conference Center Bonn universities and the Right Livelihood laysia and Chile on aspects of envi- Award (also known as the “Alternative ronmental sustainability and social Doctoral research Nobel Prize”) Foundation. RLC provides justice in cooperation with Laureates Lai Wan Teng. Crossing and re-crossing inter- and transdisciplinary education and other partners of domestic workers across the Straits and research on sustainable develop- of Malacca: an analysis of migratory ment in the Global South. There are Events pathways against the context of Malay- RLC Campuses at eight universities • September 26 - October 1, 2015: sia’s New Economic Model. worldwide. The RLC Campus at ZEF was Workshop on Human rights and Divya Swaminathan: Agricultural trans- established in 2011 as an integrated ca- the empowerment of the marginal- formation and indigenous communities: pacity building program supported by ized at ZEF, including a Public Talk at Case studies from Southern India. the DAAD. In 2014, the Global Secretar- the Old City Hall of Bonn with Right iat of the RLC moved from Malaysia to Livelihood Award Laureates from Af- Willis Okumu. Cattle raids, violence and ZEF. In 2015, the RLC Global Secretariat ghanistan and India institutional change among pastoralists in northern Kenya. at ZEF started the new Global RLC Net- • June 4-9, 2016: Workshop on Sus- work Project supported by the Robert tainable agriculture and economic Juliet Wanjiku Kamau. Productivity and Bosch Foundation to coordinate and growth: smallholder farmers be- sustainability of ecological organic agri- promote international RLC education tween markets, policies and envi- culture systems in Kenya. and research activities. ronmental change at ZEF and other Alejandro Mora Motta. Fundamental venues in Bonn/Germany human needs in the context of large Activities • June 13-15, 2016: RLC Campus Bonn tree plantations in Los Ríos, Chile. • Inter- and transdisciplinary educa- partnership with the Deutsche Welle tion and training of international Websites: at the Global Media Forum Con- doctoral students ference. RLC Campus Bonn invited rlc-bonn.de • Conferences, workshops and public Laureate Kasha Nabagesera from rlc-blog.org events with Right Livelihood Award Uganda to the Global Media Forum, Laureates organized a public panel discussion

Contact Till Stellmacher [[email protected]] Main funders: DAAD, Robert Bosch Foundation

32 SELECTED 5 OUTREACH STRIVE: New project on Bioeconomy. IF NOT NOW, WHEN? Planning for Ur- How to achieve effective participation The project combines interdisciplin- ban Water-Energy-Food Nexus in Indian of communities in the monitoring of ary research expertise to improve the Himalaya. Bonn Water Lecture (joint REDD+ projects: A case study of the knowledge base for the design of sus- lecture series by UNCCD, DIE, Univer- Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). tainable bioeconomy policies and in- sity of Bonn and ZEF). By Dr. Daphne Public lecture by Joelle Mukungu, Chair vestments with a focus on international Gondhalekar. June 16, 2016 of Landscape Management, University regulatory frameworks. of Freiburg. April 28, 2016 The Mission: Human Capital Trans- ZEF in top positions of international mission, Economic Persistence and Time for Change: Breathing life back Think Tanks ranking again. In the “Glob- Culture in South America. Lecture by into the MENA region agricultural trans- al GO TO Think Tank Index Report 2015”, Felipe Valencia Caicedo, University of formation. Brown Bag Lecture with Dr. ZEF is listed rank 3 in Top Science and Bonn, Department of Economics. June Andrew Noble, International Center Technology Think Tanks and as the only 10, 2016 for Agricultural Research. April 5, 2016 German Think Tank top 21 of Best Uni- versity Affiliated Think Tanks. ZEF-led study on bioenergy published in Environmental modelling in support of Elsevier receives Elsevier's Atlas award sound policy development. Public Lec- Translating science into action. Public April 2016. The outcome of ZEF proj- ture by Britaldo Silveira Soares Filho, lecture by ZEF Board member Holm ect on certification of bioenergy was Georg Forster Research Awardee 2016. Tiessen. September 14, 2016 published in an award-winning Elsevier March 30, 2016 article on "As Bioenergy Booms, Certi- Global impacts of grazing biomass fication Schemes Must Consider Food Bonn Water Lecture: Solutions for a degradation on livestock productivity. Security". The awarded article is one of water secure and urbanizing world by Public lecture by Dr. Ephraim Nkonya, 12 articles selected out of 35,000. Jeremy Bird, IWMI. March 15, 2016 International Food Policy Research In- stitute (IFPRI). August 29, 2016 Irrigation, Gender and Nutrition- link ages. Lecture by Claudia Ringler, IFPRI. Panel discussion on Sustainable solu- February 22, 2016 tions for global agriculture as part of the International Congress of the In- Bonn Water Lecture on Payments for ternational Federation of Agricultural Hydrological Ecosystem Services in Journalists. July 13, 2016 Integrated Water Resources Manage- ment. Dr. Jochen Hack, Technical Uni- Measuring the Sustainable Develop- versity Darmstadt. February 2, 2016 ment Goals – Is Big Data the solution? For more events and news Large farm establishments in Ethio- Lecture by Johannes Jütting, Manager please visit zef.de of the Partnership in Statistics for De- pia – are there spillover effects? Public velopment in the 21st Century (PAR- lecture with Dr. Klaus Deininger, The IS21). June 27, 2016 World Bank. January 29, 2016

33 6 SELECTED For a detailed overview of all ZEF-publicationsPUBLICATIONS please look at:zef.de/publications.html

Innovation, knowledge, science policy Bier, M., Amoo-Adare, E. (2016) Not Quite southwestern Kenya. Ecological Economics, von Braun, J. et al. (2015) Report on Poten- Home or Alone: A Conversation on Belong- 123, 23-34. tials and Cooperation Opportunities- inAf ing in a Digital Age, Crossroads Asia Working Kirui O, Mirzabaev A, and von Braun J (forth- rican Countries. PARI (available in English, Paper Series 31. coming) Assessment of land degradation French and German) Sow, P., Marmer, E., Scheffran, J. (2016) En ‘from above and below’. Land Degradation Husmann, C., von Braun, J., Badiane, O., Route to Hell: Dreams of Adventure and and Development. Akinbamijo, Y, Fatunbi, O.A. and Virchow, D. Traumatic Experiences Among West African Kornher, L., Kalkuhl, M. (2015) A Typology for (2015) Tapping Potentials of Innovation for "Boat People" to Europe. In: Lynda Man- Price-related Food and Nutrition Risks and Food Security and Sustainable Agricultural nik (eds.): Migration by Boat. Discourses of Policy Responses. FOODSECURE Technical Growth – an Africa-wide Perspective. PARI. Trauma, Exclusion and Survival. Berghahn, paper no. 5, based on Deliverable 8.2 paper pp. 235-252. ZEF, FARA and PARI national partners (2015) and database Potentials and Possibilities for German Col- Youkhana, E. (2015) A Conceptual shift in Kozicka, M., Kalkuhl, M., Brockhaus, J. (2016) laboration in Agriculture – 12 Country Dos- Studies of Belonging and the Politics of Be- Food Grain Policies in India and their Implica- siers. PARI. longing. Social Inclusion, 3 (4): 10-24. tions for Stocks and Fiscal Costs: A Dynamic Maiorano, A. et al. (2016) Crop model im- Partial Equilibrium Analysis. Journal of Ag- Land, water, food and energy provement reduces the uncertainty of the ricultural Economics. doi: 10.1111/1477- Amankwah, K., Shtaltovna, A., Kelboro, G. response to temperature of multi-model en- 9552.12176 and A.-K. Hornidge (2016) A critical review of sembles, Field Crops Research the follow-the-innovation approach: Stake- Kozicka, M., Kalkuhl, M., Saini, S., Brockhaus, Rötter, R.P., Sehomi, F.L., Niemi, J.K. and van holder collaboration and agricultural innova- J. (2015) Modelling Indian Wheat and Rice den Berg, M. (2016) On the use of agricultur- tion development. African Journal of Rural Sector Policies. ZEF Discussion Papers 197. al system models for exploring technological Development, 1: 35-49. (Open Access). Kozicka, M., Weber, R., Kalkuhl, M. (2016) innovations across scales in Africa: A critical Beuchelt, T. (2016) Gender, Social Equity and Public Distribution System vs. Market: Analy- review. PARI. Innovations in Smallholder Farming Systems: sis of Wheat and Rice Consumption in India. PARI Policy Brief No. 1 (2016) Strategic Di- Pitfalls and Pathways. In: “Technological and FOODSECURE Working Paper No 40. rections for Development Collaboration for Institutional Innovation for Marginalized Mekonnen, D.A., Gerber, N (2016) The effect Food Security and Agricultural Growth in Smallholders in Agricultural Development. of aspirations on agricultural innovations in Sub-Saharan Africa F.W. Gatzweiler and J. von Braun (Eds.), rural Ethiopia. (ZEF Discussion Papers 214). Springer International Publishing, pp. 181- PARI Policy Brief No. 2 (2016) Farmer Inno- 198. Mekonnen, D.A., Gerber, N. (2016) Aspira- vation Contests – Tapping the Innovative Po- tions and income, food security and subjec- tential of Smallholder Farmers Haile, M., Kalkuhl, M., Algieri, B., Gebreselas- tive well-being in rural Ethiopia. ZEF Discus- sié, S. (2016) Analysis of Price Shock Trans- sion Papers 212. Mobility, migration, urbanization mission: Case of the Wheat-Bread Market Bech Hansen, C. (2016) Transnational Prac- Value Chain in Ethiopia. FOODSECURE Work- Mekonnen, D.A., Gerber, N., Matz, J.A. (2016) tices and Post-Soviet Collective Identity, in: ing paper no. 50. Social networks, agricultural innovations and Schlee, Günther, Difference and Sameness, farm productivity in Ethiopia. Working Paper Kalkuhl, M., J. von Braun, M. Torero (eds) Berghahn, Oxford. Series No. 235, African Development Bank (2016) Food Price Volatility and its Implica- Group. Bech Hansen, C. (2016) Power and Purifica- tions for Food Security and Policy. Springer. tion: Late Stalin Repression in the Uzbek SSR, Mirzabaev, A., Ahmed, M., Werner, J., Pend- Kihiu, E.N. (2016) Basic capability effect: Col- Central Asian Survey. er, J., Louhaichi, M. (2016) Rangelands of lective management of pastoral resources in

34 Central Asia: challenges and opportunities. Usman, M.A, Gerber, N. and J. von Braun doi:10.1111/rode.12261. Journal of Arid Land, 8(1), 93-108. (2016) The Impact of Drinking Water Qual- von Braun, J., Kalkuhl, M. (2015) Interna- ity and Sanitation on Child Health: Evidence Mirzabaev, A., Guta, D., Goedecke, J., Gaur, tional Science and Policy Interaction for Im- from Rural Ethiopia. ZEF Discussion Papers V., Börner, J., Virchow, D., Denich, M., von proved Food and Nutrition Security: Toward 221. Braun, J. (2015) Bioenergy, food security and an International Panel on Food and Nutrition poverty reduction: trade-offs and synergies Usman, M.A., Gerber, N., Pangaribowo, E.H. (IPFN). ZEF Working Papers 142. along the water–energy–food security nex- (2016) Determinants of Household Drinking us. Water International, 1:19. Water Quality in Rural Ethiopia. ZEF Discus- Markets and public services sion Papers 220. Algieri, B. (2016) Conditional price volatil- Mirzabaev, A., Nkonya, E., von Braun, J. ity, speculation, and excessive speculation (2015) Economics of sustainable land man- Vangani, R., Saxena, D., Gerber, N., Mava- in commodity markets: sheep or shepherd agement. Current Opinion in Environmental lankar, D., von Braun, J (2016) Impact of dif- behaviour? International Review of Applied Sustainability, 15, 9-19. ferent irrigation systems on water quality in Economics 30(2): 210–237. peri-urban areas of Gujarat, India. ZEF Dis- Mohr, A., Beuchelt, T., Schneider, R., Vir- cussion Papers 219. Haile, M.G., Brockhaus, J., Kalkuhl, M. (2016) chow, D. (2016) Food security criteria for vol- Short-term acreage forecasting and supply untary biomass sustainability standards and Governance, conflicts, natural resources elasticities for staple food commodities in certifications. Biomass and Bioenergy 89, pp. Baylis, K., Honey-Rosés, J., Börner, J., Corbera, major producer countries, Journal of Agricul- 133–145. E., Ferraro, P., Pfaff, A., Davies, P., Ezzine de tural and Food Economics 17(4): 1-23. Narayanan, S. and N. Gerber (2016) Social Blas, D., Lapeyre, R., Pagiola, S., Persson, M., Haile, M.G., Kalkuhl, M., Usman, M. A. (2015) Safety Nets for Food and Nutritional Security Wunder, S. (2016) Main-streaming impact Market information and smallholder farmer in India. ZEF Working Papers 146. evaluation in nature conservation. Conserva- price expectations, African Journal of Ag- tion Letters, 9(1): 58-64. Nkonya, E., Mirzabaev, A., von Braun, J. ricultural and Resource Economics 10 (4): (2016) Economics of Land degradation and Birner, R., von Braun, J. (2015) Decentraliza- 297-31. For a detailed overview of all ZEF-publications please look at:zef.de/publications.html Improvement - A Global Assessment for Sus- tion and Poverty Reduction. In: Ahmad, E., Haile, M. G., Kalkuhl, M., von Braun, J. (2016) tainable Development. Springer Open book. Brosio, G. (Eds.). Handbook of Multilevel Fi- Worldwide acreage and yield response to nance. Edward Elgar Publishing. Mwale, J. T., Mirzabaev, A. (2015) Agricul- international price change and volatility: A ture, biofuels and watersheds in the water- Börner, J., Wunder, S., Gudice, R. (2016) dynamic panel data analysis for wheat, rice, energy-food nexus: governance challenges Will up-scaled forest conservation incen- corn, and soybeans, American Journal of Ag- at local and global scales. Change and Ad- tives in the Peruvian Amazon produce ricultural Economics 98 (1): 172-190. aptation in Socio-Ecological Systems, 2(1), cost-effective and equitable outcomes? Kalkuhl, M. (2015) Spekulation mit Nah- 91-93. Environmental Conservation, doi:10.1017/ rungsmitteln, Regulierung und Selbstregu- S0376892916000229. Virchow, D., Beuchelt, T.D., Kuhn, A., Denich, lierung. In: Aufderheide, D., Dabrowski, M. (2016) Biomass-Based Value Webs: A Fogliano, F., Börner, J., Wunder, S., Nunes M. (Eds.): Markt und Verantwortung - Novel Perspective for Emerging Bioecono- Consenza, C.A., Lucena, A.F.P. (2016) The Wirtschaftsethische und moralökonomische mies in Sub-Saharan Africa. In: Technological implementation cost of forest conservation Perspektiven. Volkswirtschaftliche Schriften, and Institutional Innovation for Marginalized policies in Brazil. Ecological Economics, 130, Band 567. Smallholders in Agricultural Development. 209:220. Kalkuhl, M., von Braun, J., Torero, M. (eds) F.W. Gatzweiler and J. von Braun (Eds.), Rosa da Conceição, H., Börner, J., Wunder, (2016) Food Price Volatility and its Implica- Springer International Publishing, pp. 225- S. (2015) Why were upscaled incentive pro- tions for Food Security and Policy. Springer. 238. grams for forest conservation adopted? With book chapters by Comparing policy choices in Brazil, Ecuador, • Brockhaus, J., Huang, J., Hu, J., Kalkuhl,M. Health, nutrition, ecosystem and Peru. Ecosystem Services 16, 243-252. von Braun, J., Yang, G. (2016) When Do Hasan, M.M., Gerber, N. (2016) The impacts Prices Matter Most? Rice, Wheat, and of piped water on water quality, sanitation, Kumaran, V., Swaminathan, D. (2015) Local Corn Supply Response in China. hygiene and health in rural households of Action Planning for Pro-Poor Urban - Gover • Haile, M. G., Kalkuhl, M. (2016) Access north-western Bangladesh - a quasi-experi- nance in the Southern Megacity of Chennai, to information and price expectation -ef mental analysis. ZEF Discussion Papers 217. India. In: R. B. Singh (ed.). Urban Develop- ficiency of smallholder farmers: Theory ment Challenges, Risks and Resilience in Malek, M.A., Khan, T.N., Gerber, N., Saha, and empirics. Asian Mega Cities. Advances in Geographi- R. Mohammad, I. (2016) Can a specially de- • Kalkuhl, M., von Braun, J., Torero, M. cal and Environmental Science. Springer. pp signed information intervention around the (2016) Volatile and Extreme Food Prices, 175-19. WASH-agriculture linkages make any differ- Food Security and Policy: an Overview. ence? Experimental evidence of behavioral Lauer, H., Eguavoen, I. (2016) Mainstreaming • Kalkuhl, M. (2016). How Strong Do Global changes and health impacts. ZEF Discussion climate change adaptation into development Commodity Prices Influence Domestic Papers 213. in the Gambia: A window of opportunity for Food Prices in Developing Countries? A transformative processes? In: W. Filho Leal Global Price Transmission and Vulnerabil- SaravananVS, M., Idenal, A., Saiyed,S., Sax- (ed.) Innovation in Climate Change Adapta- ity Mapping Analysis. ena D., Gerke, S. (2016) Urbanization and tion. Springer, pp. 87-98. • Kornher, L., Kalkuhl, M. (2016) The Costs Human Health in Urban India: Institutional and Benefits of Regional Cooperation on Analysis of Water-borne diseases in Ahmed- Mora Motta, A., León Rodríguez, N. (2016) Grain Reserves: The Case of ECOWAS. abad. Health Policy and Planning, doi: Cambiando de perspectiva en la economía • Mujahid, I., Kornher, L. (2016) ASEAN 010.1093/heapol/czw039. de la mitigación del cambio climático. Cuad- Food Reserve and Trade: Review and ernos de Economia 36 (70):169. Tan, S. (2016) Space and Environment in the Prospect. Industrialising Mekong Delta: A Socio-Spatial von Braun, J., Birner, R. (2016) Designing Mujahid, I., Kalkuhl, M. (2015) Do Trade Analysis of Wastewater Management in Global Governance for Agricultural De- Agreements Increase Food Trade? The World Vietnam. ZEF Development Studies. Berlin. velopment and Food and Nutrition Secu- Economy (Early Online Access). LIT Verlag rity. Review of Development Economics.

7 PARTNERSBUDGET 2014/2015 ZEF’S FUNDING Indirect Support*) in Euro in % German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) / German Federal Ministry of Economic Cooperation and De- 535,382 62.5 velopment (BMZ) Own funds of students 90,300 10.5 German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) Regional Program / German Foreign Office (AA) 49,120 5.7 SENESCYT, Panama 44,680 5.2 CONICYT, Chile 22,300 2.6 Katholischer Akademischer Ausländer-Dienst (KAAD) 18,250 2.1 CONACYT, Mexico 13,800 1.6 SENESCYT, Ecuador 12,500 1.5 AA via DAAD and La Caixa Foundation, Spain 12,460 1.5 Evangelisches Studienwerk e.V. Villigst 12,000 1.4 Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung 12,000 1.4 Hanns-Seidel-Stiftung 12,000 1.4 Landesgraduiertenförderung Hamburg 11,400 1.3 Government of Iran 10,800 1.3 Total 856,992 100

External Funds**) Projects in Euro in % Excessive Price Volatility II 3,095,479 33.3 German Federal Ministry of Economic Coopera- tion and Development (BMZ) Accompanying Research for Agricultural Innovation (PARI) German Federal Ministry of Education and Re- 2,968,866 32.0 search (BMBF) via • German Aerospace Center (DLR), or Analysis Uzbekistan Crossroads-Perspektive Innovative Technologies for Multidimensional Special Development Science and Technology Cooperation with Uzbekistan STRIVE WASCAL, West Africa • Forschungszentrum Jülich (FZJ) GlobE: BiomassWeb; Olifants, South Africa *) Scholarships directly funded by the donors. **) Third-party projects of ZEF. Funds budgeted i.a.w. annual financing plans.

36 External Funds - cont. Projects in Euro in % German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) 1,178,081 12.7 • German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) / Cooperation Water-Energy (PAUWES-ZEF-UNU-ITT) 482,762 African Union • German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) / DAAD/ZEF Centre of Excellence, Ghana 482,144 German Foreign Office (AA) RLC Campus II • German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) International Doctoral Studies 164,599 Intercultural Weekend Seminar Leadership Development Seminar • German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) Greening Environmental Impact Assessments in Bo- 48,576 livia German Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture 462,434 5.0 (BMEL) via • Federal Office for Agriculture and Food (BLE) NutriHAF Africa Robert Bosch Foundation (RBS) Junior Professorship, Prof. Börner 332,411 3.6 PARTNERSBUDGET 2014/2015 RLC Network European Commission (EU) FoodSecure 258,703 2.8 ZEF’S FUNDING PROIntens Volkswagen Foundation (VW) Research funds Biber-Freudenberger (Fellowship) 243,843 2.6 Research funds Laube (Fellowship) Healthcap International Centre of Insect Physiology Strengthening Citrus Production Systems in Kenya and Ecology (ICIPE) and Tanzania 158,129 1.7 Ento NUTRI Development & Implementation International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) Water-Energy-Food Nexus 117,322 1.3 CIFOR Forests in the Global Bioeconomy 116,643 1.3 Fiat Panis Foundation Dr. Hermann Eiselen Doctoral Program 99,791 1.1 ICRAF Decision analysis workshops in West Africa 75,210 0.8 Northrhine Westfalia via 60,393 0.6 • BioSC, c/o FZ Jülich Strategy project BioSC, Researcher Bruckner 30,423 Strategy project Econ-BioSC, Researcher Cloutier • MIWF NRW One Health and urban Transformation 29,970 Third-Party Project Fund available after Project End Third-Party Project Fund available after Project End 57,929 0.6 The World Vegetable Center (AVRDC) GlobalHort 40,628 0.4 Nutrition-Sensitive Promotion of Vegetables (Nutri- SenseProm) Future Earth Future Earth contributions to GWSP 13,860 0.1 Humboldt Foundation Research Funds Börner 8,333 0.1 Participant Fees Participant Fees for GWSP Conference 3,196 0.0 UNEP UNEP contributions to GWSP 2,434 0.0 Total 9,293,685 100

Core Funds***) in Euro in % Personnel Costs 1,436,514 70.9 Administrative Costs 283,530 14.0 BMBF & DFG Overhead Shares****) 305,161 15.1 Total 2,025,205 100 Indirect Support & External Funds & Core Funds 12,175,882 Euro

***) University of Bonn, State of North-Rhine Westphalia funds for ZEF. ****) Partial BMBF & DFG Overhead Shares. 37 8 INTERNATIONAL ADVISORY BOARD

Prof. Dr. Hans van Ginkel Mr. Hans-Joachim Fuchtel Prof. Dr. Günther Schlee (Chairman of the Board) Parliamentary State Secretary, Federal Director at the Max Planck Institute of Former Under-Secretary General of the Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Social Anthropology in Halle, Germany UN and Rector of the United Nations Development (BMZ), and member of University in Tokyo, Japan the Federal Parliament, Germany Prof. Dr. Lisa Sennerby Forsse Rector of the Swedish University of Ag- Prof. Dr. Bina Agarwal Prof. Dr. Mohamed H.A. Hassan ricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Swe- Professor of Development Economics President of the African Academy of Sci- den and Environment at the University of ences, Chair of UNU Council, Co-Chair Manchester, UK; former Director, Insti- of IAP, the Global Network of Science Professor Emeritus Frances Stewart tute of Economic Growth, University of Academies; former Executive Director Centre for Research on Inequality, Hu- Delhi, India of the Academy of Sciences for the De- man Security and Ethnicity (CRISE) Uni- veloping World (TWAS), Sudan versity of Oxford, United Kingdom Dr. Ernest Aryeetey Vice Chancellor, University of Ghana, Prof. Dr. Michael Hoch Prof. Dr. Holm Tiessen Legon Rector of the University of Bonn, Ger- Director, Inter-American Institute for many Global Change Research (IAI), Montevi- Dr. Florence Chenoweth deo, Uruguay Former Agriculture Minister of Liberia Mr. Wilfried Kraus Head of Cultural, Earth System and En- Prof. Dr. Carolina Vera vironmental Research, Federal Minis- Dr. Marc Jan Eumann Director of the Center for Atmospheric try of Education and Research (BMBF), State Secretary for Europe and the Me- and Ocean Research (CIMA), Buenos Ai- Germany dia of the State of Northrhine-West- res, Argentina phalia in Düsseldorf, Germany Dr. Michael Rabbow Senior Advisor - E&P Focus Africa Con- sulting GmbH, Hamburg, Germany 38 9 REGIONS OF RESEARCH AND COLLABORATION ACTIVITIES