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CIA and the Cuban Invasion Book, the Day by Day and Hour by Hour Account of What Happened on the by T BOOKS AND THE ARTS Guzman in Guatemala. And so on. The Secret News That's Fit to Print The Agency has a home program too. Tax-free American foundations are used by CIA as "cover," Academic in- I- That :Massive, Hidden Apparatus stitutions receive CIA subsidies - for example, the Center for International by Gilbert A. Harrison Studies at MIT, founded by Walt Ros- tow, now Chief of the State Depart- ment's Policy Planning staff. Like Gen- You can tell a CIA man; you can tell ing CIA's Deputy Director for Intelli- eral Motors, but less openly, the him off; and the authors of this book gence and the Director of the State De- Agency recruits staff from the univer- more or less do, though they don't tell partment's Bureau of Intelligence and sities. It finances a number of refugee him or us much that wasn't known be- Research. (And so secret was it that organizations: "For a decade a $loo fore. David Wise, chief of the Washing- diligent newsmen were writing about million fund was available for this type ton Bureau of The New York Herald- it before it happened.) Despite a US of activity." The CIA, Wise and Ross Tribune, and Thomas B. Ross, a mem- pledge that no US armed forces and conclude, "is not simply an agency that ber of the Washington Bureau of The no Americans would be involved, gathers foreign intelligence for the Chicago Sun-Times, have written no "American CIA pilots were flying in United States in far off corners of the expose. They peddle no secrets. Still the invasion and Navy jets were to globe. It is deeply involved in many screen them against attack." The same diverse, clandestine activities right The Invisible Government story is related in greater detail in The here in the United States in at least zo by David Wise lit Thomas B. Ross Say of Pigs, reviewed in this issue by metropolitan areas. It can and does (Random House; $5.95) Mr. Fehrenbach. appear in many guises, and under many It was the CIA, too, that provided names Zenith, Double-Chek, Gibral- their book is not without surprises. men and equipment to the rebels who tar Steamship, and Vanguard in one The US Intelligence network, they re- tried to overthrow President Sukarno city alone. On university campuses and port, has become a "massive, hidden in 1955; the CIA plotted to overthrow in the great urban centers of America, apparatus, secretly employing about the government of Iran in 1953; the the foundation, the cultural committee, zoo,000 persons, and spending several CIA secretly supported 12,000 Na- the emigre group, the Cuban exile orga- billion dollars a year." Congress pro- tionalist Chinese rebels in Burma a dec- nization, the foreign affairs research vides money "without knowing how ade ago, much to the annoyance of the center, the distinguished publishing much it has appropriated or how much Burmese government; the CIA engi- house specializing in books about Rus- will be spent .. [since CIA's] budget neered a coup d'etat in Guatemala in sia, the steamship company, the free- is concealed in other appropriations." 1954; the CIA tried to "promote the dom radio soliciting public contribu- They quote a Senate committee's judg- ouster of Jose Figueres, the moderate tions, the innocent-looking consulting ment that the US ambassador's author- Socialist who became President [of firm - all may in reality be arms of the ity is a "polite fiction." (Secretary of Costa Rica] in a fair and open election invisible government." State Rusk stated in June, 1961: "We in 1953"; the CIA conceived of and ran They tell us something about the CIA- expect our ambassadors abroad to take the U-1 flights; the CIA "poured mil- run radio stations that beam propagan- charge of the relations of the United lions" after World War 11 into an da around the world - Radio Free Eu- States with the country in which they espionage apparatus in West Germany rope; Radio SWAN in the Carribbean; are posted, and if necessary to take headed by CIA-picked General Gehlen, Radio Liberation (now Radio Liberty), charge of all the officials who are there a member of the General Staff under which "broadcast exclusively to the working with them.") They claim that Hitler; the CIA (and the Pentagon) "at Intelligence activities are "never dis- a cost of $30o million" invented and SUMMER SCHEDULE cussed in the [National Security] Coun- propped up a right-wing military gov- During the summer months, cil" but are "handled by a small di- ernment in Laos, and when it was over- The New Republic rectorate, the name of which is only thrown and succeeded by the govern- will not appear on: whispered [the Special Group]." ment of "neutralist" Souvanna Phouma, They then offer a few case studies. the CIA continued to give substantial July 13 August a The CIA (as every taxi driver in Beirut support to its original chosen instru- August 15 August 29 knows by now), directed and financed ment; the CIA organized an elite corps Weekly publication will be the Cuban invasion, and so secret was in Vietnam and supported it at a rate resumed with the issue it that "many high officials of the gov- of 53 million a year; the CIA got rid of of September 5 ernment were not let in on it," includ- the regime of President Jacobo Arbenz 10 nti tsAMMV.WaMIZAWAROWai :'41FNATal.‘AiMkg:RMiaM10231704W;i1WW4144WW-TAVANCSIWW5m7.--:-:' THE NEW REPUBLIC Soviet Union 24 hours a day, from 17 out of public view." And so they often think a separation of these functions transmitters in West Germany, Spain, are, and would be if there were no CIA. would not be desirable: "If the CIA and Formosa." I cite in evidence, one report of a were to be prohibited from carrying out I want to repeat, however, the authors' "news briefing" given last week by the secret operational activity, and that claim that their book contains only the White House press secretary, George task were to be turned over to another news that someone, somewhere, has Reedy. "After failing to obtain an eluci- agency, it might be necessary to create already seen fit to print. They do not dation of American policy in Southeast another set of secret operatives in ad- (with one exception) describe any cur- Asia," wrote Carroll Kilpatrick in The dition to the large number of CIA men rent "black" operations; they don't Washington Post, already at work overseas. Such a situa- identify any agent whose name has not tion would probably reduce efficiency, ... a reporter asked whether the already been published. They could, of raise costs, and increase the danger of Administration had imposed a lid course, have accepted the line that exposure." on such discussions. 'I don't know nothing should be written about CIA of CIA has "quasi-independent status," that there is any official lid, as such,' which CIA does not approve; in which we are informed. Is that good or bad? Reedy replied." case they would have been wasting I think Mr. Wise and Mr. Ross think "Finally a reporter asked: 'George, their time and the readers'. Or they it's bad. But if the Agency were less in- is there any policy, procedural or could have decided to tell all. But that, dependent (more responsible to more operation question that you can they clearly felt, would have opened outsiders) would there not inevitably comment on off the record, on the them to the charge of something like be more "leaks," more danger of com- record, for background or deep treason. Even so, their circumspection promising the secret purposes for which background?'" has been cruelly rewarded by William CIA was established? Their recom- "'I will just go back to what I have F. Buckley, Jr., who believes that they mendation that "if ... it becomes neces- said before,' Reedy replied." "verge close to unpatriotism." sary to undertake a secret operation, it "Reedy opened his morning brief- If we push on and ask ourselves what, is imperative that the long-range reper- ing ... by announcing that Alex- precisely, the authors find defective cussions be weighed fully in advance" ander A. Matsas, the Greek Ambas- in CIA and how they could correct it, will be disputed by none. visibility drops sharply. They don't sador, was scheduled to see the Pres- ident at 12:3o. The following ex- Yes, our ambassadors abroad should question that the national interest re- know what's going on, should be in change took place: quires lies and bribes (though officials charge of their posts. The point was "Q. 'Did he request the appoint- ought not to be caught lying). They made firmly by Chester Bowles as he ment?' might have come to the opinion — some traveled about from embassy to embas- "A. 'I am not certain who request- have — that the primary danger in so sy in the early days of the Kennedy Ad- ed it'. powerful, highly centralized and hidden ministration. President Kennedy and an operation as CIA lies in the tempta- "Q. `What will they talk about?' "A. 'I don't have any comment on Secretary Rusk backed him up. Never- tion it offers a few people to conduct theless, what they will talk about'. as Wise and Ross imply, things their own foreign policy, irrespective of go on much as before. CIA agents official policy. And although they do "Q. 'Is it fair to assume that Cyp- rus will come up?' "maintain communications and codes concede that "this accusation contains of their own"; they have money to some truth," they're mindful that "A.
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