Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage, 17(3), 307–325 (2014). THE ABORIGINAL AUSTRALIAN COSMIC LANDSCAPE. PART 1: THE ETHNOBOTANY OF THE SKYWORLD. Philip A. Clarke 17 Duke St, Beulah Park, South Australia 5067, Australia. Email:
[email protected] Abstract: In Aboriginal Australia, the corpus of cosmological beliefs was united by the centrality of the Skyworld, which was considered to be the upper part of a total landscape that possessed topography linked with that of Earth and the Underworld. Early historical accounts of classical Australian hunter-gatherer beliefs described the heavens as inhabited by human and spiritual ancestors who interacted with the same species of plants and animals as they had below. This paper is the first of two that describes Indigenous perceptions of the Skyworld flora and draws out major ethnobotanical themes from the corpus of ethnoastronomical records garnered from a diverse range of Australian Aboriginal cultures. It investigates how Indigenous perceptions of the flora are interwoven with Aboriginal traditions concerning the heavens, and provides examples of how the study of ethnoastronomy can provide insights into the Indigenous use and perception of plants. Keywords: ethnoastronomy, cultural astronomy, ethnobotany, aesthetics, Aboriginal Australians 1 INTRODUCTION raw materials for food, medicine and artefact- How people conceive and experience physical making. Ethnobotanists have generally ignored space and time is culturally determined. Iwanis- the cultural roles of plants, such as those in- zewski (2014: 3–4) remarked volved in the psychic realm. There has also been an imperative to record the plant uses While modern societies tend to depict these from the classical hunter-gatherer period, to the categories as type [sic] of independent entit- detriment of studying aspects of the changing ies, real things, or universal and objective cat- egories, for most premodern and non-Western relationships that Indigenous people have had societies time and space remained embedded with the flora since British colonisation.