November 2012 Rhodesian Services Association Incorporated
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Shadow Cultures, Shadow Histories Foreign Military Personnel in Africa 1960–1980
Shadow Cultures, Shadow Histories Foreign Military Personnel in Africa 1960–1980 William Jeffrey Cairns Anderson A thesis submitted for the degree of Master of Arts University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand November 2011 Abstract From the 1960s to the 1980s mercenary soldiers in Africa captured the attention of journalists, authors and scholars. This thesis critically examines the shadows of mercenarism in sub-Saharan Africa during decolonisation – an intense period of political volatility, fragility and violence. The shadows of conflict are spaces fuelled by forces of power where defined boundaries of illegal/legal, illicit/licit and legitimate/illegitimate become obscured. Nordstrom (2000, 2001, 2004, 2007) invokes the shadows as a substantive ethnographic and analytical concept in anthropological research. This thesis considers how the shadows are culturally, socially and politically contingent spaces where concepts of mercenarism are contested. Specific attention is given to ‘shadow agents’ – former foreign military combatants, diplomats and politicians – whose lived experiences shed light on the power, ambiguities and uncertainties of the shadows. Arguing the importance of mixed method ethnography, this thesis incorporates three bodies of anthropological knowledge. Material from the official state archives of New Zealand and the United Kingdom (UK) where, amongst themselves, politicians and diplomats debated the ‘mercenary problem’, are used alongside oral testimonies from former foreign soldiers whose individual stories provide important narratives omitted from official records. This ethnography also draws on multi-sited fieldwork, including participant observation in Africa, the UK and New Zealand that engages with and captures the more intimate details of mercenary soldiering. As findings suggest, the worlds of diplomacy, politics and mercenarism are composed of shadow cultures where new perspectives and understandings emerge. -
Cricket Memorabilia Society Postal Auction Closing at Noon 10
CRICKET MEMORABILIA SOCIETY POSTAL AUCTION CLOSING AT NOON 10th JULY 2020 Conditions of Postal Sale The CMS reserves the right to refuse items which are damaged or unsuitable, or we have doubts about authenticity. Reserves can be placed on lots but must be agreed with the CMS. They should reflect realistic values/expectations and not be the “highest price” expected. The CMS will take 7% of the price realised, the vendor 93% which will normally be paid no later than 6 weeks after the auction. The CMS will undertake to advertise the memorabilia for auction on its website no later than 3 weeks prior to the closing date of the auction. Bids will only be accepted from CMS members. Postal bids must be in writing or e-mail by the closing date and time shown above. Generally, no item will be sold below 10% of the lower estimate without reference to the vendor.. Thus, an item with a £10-15 estimate can be sold for £9, but not £8, without approval. The incremental scale for the acceptance of bids is as follows: £2 increments up to £20, then £20/22/25/28/30 up to £50, then £5 increments to £100 and £10 increments above that. So, if there are two postal bids at £25 and £30, the item will go to the higher bidder at £28. Should there be two identical bids, the first received will win. Bids submitted between increments will be accepted, thus a £52 bid will not be rounded either up or down. Items will be sent to successful postal bidders the week after the auction and will be sent by the cheapest rate commensurate with the value and size of the item. -
Names, Currency, and Acronyms
PLACE- NAMES, CURRENCY, AND ACRONYMS The convention of historical writing of the country this book is about is to include a list of place- names in the front matter, with Rhodesian names on one side and the Zimbabwean names on the other. I will not do that here. The country I write about had four names between 1960 and 1980; what these were and how they changed are discussed at the start of the first chap- ter. I avoid such lists because of my concerns about a notion of before- and- after in history: a list of place-n ames and their changes suggests a too pat transformation from colony to nation, from bad to good, from minority to majority rule. Such a list also suggests that transitions are instantaneous, that a threshold has been crossed. For the reco rd, however, Rhodesia be- came Southern Rhodesia from mid- December 1979 to April 1980, when it became Zimbabwe. Salisbury, the capital, became Harare only in 1982. More common and never part of any list has been the tendency to use “Rhodesian” to mean white and “Zimbabwean” to mean African. I have tried to avoid this as often as I could throughout this book. With the breakup of the Central African Federation, Rhodesia named its currency the pound (£). Cast out of the sterling zone shortly a fter the Unilateral Declaration of In de pen dence (udi), Rhodesia valued its pound at US$2. In 1970, Rhodesia adopted the dollar as its currency. It was de- signed to be valued at half a British pound and between 1970 and 1980 hovered at about US$1.50. -
Rhodesiana Volume 29
1948 The Standard Bank Limited, Victoria Falls 1973 THOMAS MEIKLE, 1864-1939 The founder of the Meikle Organisation sailed from Scotland with his parents in 1869. The family settled in Natal where Thomas and his brothers John and Stewart gained their first farming ex perience. In 1892 the three brothers set off for Rhodesia with eight ox- wagons. Three months later they had completed the 700 mile trek to Fort Victoria. Here they opened a store made of whiskey cases and roofed over with the tarpaulins that had covered their wagons. Progress was at first slow, nevertheless, branches were opened in Salisbury in 1893, Bulawayo and Gwelo in 1894, and in Umtali in 1897. From these small beginnings a vast network of stores, hotels, farms, mines and auxilliary undertakings was built up. These ventures culminated in the formation of the Thomas Meikle Trust and Investment Company in 1933. The success of these many enterprises was mainly due to Thomas Meikle's foresight and his business acumen, coupled with his ability to judge character and gather around him a loyal and efficient staff. His great pioneering spirit lives on: today the Meikle Organisation is still playing an important part in the development of Rhodesia. THOMAS MEIKLE TRUST AND INVESTMENT CO. (PVT.) LIMITED. Travel Centre Stanley Avenue P.O. Box 3578 Salisbury i ii iii iv V vi RHODESIANA Publication No. 29 — December, 1973 THE RHODESIANA SOCIETY Salisbury Rhodesia vii Edited by W. V. BRELSFORD Assisted by E. E. BURKE Copyright is reserved by the Society Authors are responsible for their own opinions and for the accuracy of statements they make. -
RHODESIAN LIGHT INFANTRY – REGIMENTAL ASSOCIATION AFRICA 54 Th MEMORIAL SERVICE - 31 JANUARY 2015
RHODESIAN LIGHT INFANTRY – REGIMENTAL ASSOCIATION AFRICA 54 th MEMORIAL SERVICE - 31 JANUARY 2015 On Saturday 31st January 2015 members of the RLI RA Africa, other Regiments and Services, family and friends gathered at the Dickie Fritz MOTH Shellhole in Edenvale, Johannesburg to celebrate the 54 th Birthday of the Battalion but more importantly to honour those who fell whilst in service with 1RLI. The event took the form of a parade and service followed by a braai and general fellowship and was organised by the ‘Afrika Korps’ under the leadership of Charlie “Rommel” Norris. Toast to the Battalion The formalities began under WO2 Brian Lewis who formed the RLI contingent into a circle to hear the creed read out by Dave “Bongwe” Russell (1Cdo) and to drink a toast to the Battalion. Brian Lewis and the Colour Party consisting of Alan Strachan and Chris Ras Members of the RLI RA preparing to toast the Battalion Dave “Bongwe” Russell reading the Creed before toasting the Battalion. The Creed What manner of Men are those who have faces of boys and hearts like lions that still wear the Rhodesian Light Infantry Green Beret. They are firstly all men that were toughened and robust through hard physical training and endurance. As a result they proved themselves time and time again in battle through their offensive eagerness and physical well-being. They deployed from the air and in doing so conquered fear. Their duty lay in the van of battle. They are proud of this honor and never failed in any task. They had the highest standards in all things whether it is skill in battle or smartness in performing their peacetime duties. -
June 2013 Rhodesian Services Association Incorporated
June 2013 A monthly publication for the Rhodesian Services Association Incorporated Registered under the 2005 Charities Act in New Zealand number CC25203 Registered as an Incorporated Society in New Zealand number 2055431 PO Box 13003, Tauranga 3141, New Zealand. Web: www.rhodesianservices.org Secretary’s e-mail [email protected] Editor’s e-mail [email protected] Phone +64 7 576 9500 Fax +64 7 576 9501 To view all previous publications go to our Archives Greetings, A big thanks to all of you who made donations and/or became financial members. Your support is heart-warming. I am pleased to tell you that our project to produce the definitive history of the Rhodesia Regiment, the project that has run my life since 2007, is close to completion. Publication will not mean the end of the work because then we have to sell the books, but I am relieved that all the material is in safe hands and is having the final polish done now…………..and I can stop being lured into last minute changes chasing scraps of information. When I consider the countless hours that have gone into this book; the 400 people who have made submissions and assisted with it; and given that this project was initiated in order to respect all those who wore the Maltese Cross of the Rhodesia Regiment over its eighty year history; I feel a huge responsibility to make as perfect a job as possible. Surely this has been the biggest Rhodesian project of its type ever? Other exciting news is that our Contact! Contact! team is to be joined by fifteen year old Cameron McNeil. -
55Th Birthday Celebrations
Curabitur Vulputate Viverra Pede 55th Anniversary Edition Rhodesian Light Infantry Regimental Association February 2016 ! " 55 1961 - 2016 55th Birthday Celebrations The Trooper South Africa Rededication The Ouens look back Skydde Rowe " FROM THE EDITOR Dear Members It was a very special & emotional evening for Time marches and not even RSM Reed can a unique band of brothers in arms. Many of bring it to a halt! Pace is 140 to the minute whom had not seen each other for decades. too -surely it cant be 5 years since those Ian - we salute and thank you. momentous & unforgettable 50th Anniversary celebrations in South Africa in February 2011 and in the UK in September of that year? The strength of the bond between all of us who served together in this ‘Incredible’ Battalion is quite extraordinary. You might Such great memories. Meeting only have shared experiences for a month comrades one hadn't seen for decades, the but that bond will last a lifetime. roller coaster of emotions– joy at the reunion, sadness remembering those no longer with us. We need to treasure these reunions as we head towards the zimmer frame and the ‘ou skate’ tag depicted on Vic Mackenzie’s For those who work so hard to get us brilliant evolutionary cartoon. together we owe them a huge thank you. The SA Branch and Committee who will, as I write this, be grafting away at the double to In light of the above, the Africa Branch is to put together a great event to mark the 55th be lauded for creating a ‘Legacy’ group Anniversary in Joburg over the weekend of where youngsters are being encouraged to the 5th, 6th & 7th of February. -
July 2012 Rhodesian Services Association Incorporated
July 2012 A monthly sitrep for the Rhodesian Services Association Incorporated Registered under the 2005 Charities Act in New Zealand number CC25203 Registered as an Incorporated Society in New Zealand number 2055431 PO Box 13003, Tauranga 3141, New Zealand. Web: www.rhodesianservices.org Secretary’s e-mail [email protected] Editor’s e-mail [email protected] Phone +64 7 576 9500 Fax +64 7 576 9501 To view all previous publications go to our Archives Greetings, The press is one of the biggest controllers of our modern lives; they influence everything from the change of governments to who plays in a sports team. The press played a great part in how Rhodesia was perceived by the outside world. Criticism of the founder of Rhodesia is not hard to find if you search the internet. Very little positive writing is ever seen nowadays about Cecil John Rhodes. Negative reporting will undoubtedly alter our perceptions and if something is repeated often enough it will become accepted as the truth, especially if someone puts it up on Wikipedia where anyone can write anything they like with little recourse to factual material sometimes. So it is with this in mind that I prepared this month’s Editorial. Recently I was sent a book entitled ‘Scouting on Two Continents’ by Major Frederick Russell Burnham, DSO, and Chief of Scouts under Lord Roberts. It was edited and arranged by Mary Everett and published in 1926. Burnham was clearly a man who led a very full and fascinating life and it was only with a quantity of persuasion that he agreed to work with Mary Everett to have his reminiscences recorded. -
Sixth Akc Rally® National Championship
SIXTH AKC RALLY® NATIONAL CHAMPIONSHIP FRIDAY, MARCH 15, 2019 CENTRAL PARK HALL AT EXPO SQUARE 4145 EAST 21ST STREET – TULSA, OK 74114 TWENTY FIFTH AKC NATIONAL OBEDIENCE CHAMPIONSHIP SATURDAY & SUNDAY MARCH 16-17, 2019 AKC MISSION STATEMENT The American Kennel Club is dedicated to upholding the integrity of its Registry, promoting the sport of purebred dogs and breeding for type and function. Founded in 1884, the AKC® and its affiliated organizations advocate for the purebred dog as a family companion, advance canine health and well-being, work to protect the rights of all dog owners and promote responsible dog ownership. AKC OBJECTIVE Advance the study, breeding, exhibiting, running and maintenance of purebred dogs. AKC CORE VALUES We love purebred dogs. We are committed to advancing the sport of the purebred dog. We are dedicated to maintaining the integrity of our Registry. We protect the health and well-being of all dogs. We cherish dogs as companions. We are committed to the interests of dog owners. We uphold high standards for the administration and operation of the AKC. We recognize the critical importance of our clubs and volunteers. SIXTH AKC RALLY® NATIONAL CHAMPIONSHIP FRIDAY, MARCH 15, 2019 Sponsored in part by Eukanuba™ and J & J Dog Supplies TWENTY FIFTH AKC NATIONAL OBEDIENCE CHAMPIONSHIP SATURDAY & SUNDAY MARCH 16-17, 2019 Permission is granted by the American Kennel Club for the holding of this event under American Kennel Club rules and regulations. 1 Gina M. DiNardo, Secretary AKC BOARD OF DIRECTORS Ronald H. Menaker – Chairman Dr. Thomas M. Davies – Vice Chairman Class of 2019 Class of 2020 • Dr. -
6. the Mobilisation of Indigeneity
6. The mobilisation of indigeneity Representations of the indigene and, more particularly, the process of indigenisation became prominent during Zimbabwe’s second decade of independence. According to Horowitz (1991:4), the introduction of new terms designating categories of people invariably reflects aspirations of an improved collective status or a different conflict alignment. Changes in language therefore indicate the setting or shifting of borders and reveal other, alternative configurations regarding who properly belongs within them and how these people are connected to the land. The ways in which the subject position of the indigene have been constructed, represented and mobilised (Brah 1996:191) and, at the same time, the question of white ethnicity brought into sharp relief, are discussed in this chapter. First, the Rhodesian narrative of the indigene and the lines along which Rhodesian, and later Zimbabwean, society was divided terminologically are addressed. This is followed by an account of various representations of the indigene that have appeared since 1990 and, in particular, how these have played out in the economic sphere. Towards the end of the chapter, the implications of the revised term for white autochthony—their right to be of the land—are examined. Representations of the indigene during the Rhodesian era The 1969 Rhodesian Constitution and Land Tenure Act for the first time explicitly divided the population into European and African, and provided definitions of both. A European was any person who is not an African, and an African, any member of the aboriginal tribes or races of Africa, and the islands adjacent thereto… and any person who has the blood of such tribes and races and who lives as a member of an aboriginal native community. -
Teachers' Notes Empire and Commonwealth: East
TEACHERS’ NOTES EMPIRE AND COMMONWEALTH: EAST AFRICAN CAMPAIGN, 1917 3 August 1914 – November 1918 Background • In 1914 Germany possessed four colonies in sub-SaHaran Africa. THese were Togoland, Kamerun, SoutH-West Africa (now Namibia), and East Africa (now Tanzania). • Capturing Germany’s colonies was an important part of tHe general strategy to starve Germany, and dry up its supplies of fuel and ammunition. By cutting Germany off from all external support, it was speed up tHe process. • Togoland was tHe first German territory captured during tHe war, falling into Allied Hands on 26 August 1914. • British, SoutH African and Portuguese troops captured German SoutH West Africa by July 1915, and British, Nigerian, Indian, French, French Colonial, Belgian and Belgian Colonial forces Had taken Kamerun by March 1916. • WitH most of Germany’s Pacific and Asian colonies also Having fallen to Australian, New Zealand and Japanese troops, the German East Africa colony became tHe last un-captured part of tHe German Colonial Empire TEACHERS’ NOTES from mid-1916 – in fact, it was tHe only part of tHe German Empire to remain undefeated for tHe wHole war. • Lt Col Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck took command of tHe German military forces, determined to tie down as many British resources as possible. His force was mainly comprised of tHe Schutztruppe (Protection Force), an African colonial armed force of local native Askari soldiers commanded by German officers. • THe Askaris were incredibly loyal and very few deserted despite tHe Hardships of tHe campaign. • Completely cut off from Germany and all external supplies, von Lettow conducted an effective guerrilla warfare campaign, living off tHe land, capturing British supplies, and remaining undefeated – a tHree and a Half year game of cat and mouse, wHich He can be considered to Have won. -
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