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Robust Quantum-Enhanced Interferometry

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Robust Quantum-Enhanced Interferometry Quantum-EnhancedQuantum-Enhanced SensingSensing andand MetrologyMetrology DoesDoes functionalityfunctionality illuminateilluminate fundamentals?fundamentals?Ian A. Walmsley Clarendon Laboratory University of Oxford, UK EC JRC 2013 Quantum vs. classical technologies Doing the impossible • Qualitatively different operating principles Potential for improved performance • All technologies are physical • Use quantum physics to do something not possible using classical rules EC JRC 2013 EC JRC 2013 A sensor A sensor Trial; state List Preparation Sensing Detection EC JRC 2013 Some QuantumSensorOpportunities TheThe quantumquantum fruitfruit machinemachine Can we tell what the fruit sequence is by putting in less money? Resource input Output information EC JRC 2013 TheThe utilityutility ofof utilityutility The cost of doing something is indicative of its origin. Einstein’s most important equations: Time = Money Space = Money Kit = Money EC JRC 2013 On-chip optical sensor 2-photon non-classical interferometer Phase controlled externally thermo- optically Smith et al, Optics Express 17, 13516 (2009) Matthews et al, Nat. Photon. 3, 346–350 (2009) 7 EC JRC 2013 Optimal precision measurement Robust sensors, immune to imperfections, are possible Optimal N00N state • Optimal sensor better than classical even when more than 50% of the light is • …but not as good as the ideal quantum sensor Dorner et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 040403 (2009 EC JRC 2013 Quantum Networks • Distributed entanglement across many nodes Quantum operations are probabilistic… Networks can only scale by means of quantum memories., which enable a repeat-until-success strategy. Key memory parameters: Global: lifetime Local: time-bandwidth product EC JRC 2013 GPS dependencies UK Fort Halsted Workshop John Christensen, UK DST 10 10 EC JRC 2013 Miniature Atomic Clocks Next generation clocks based on Coherent Population Trapping (Knight and Dalton, London) • John Kitching NIST Applications in finance need accurate local clock synchronisation: microtrading at the sub-microsecond level (Knight project for UK Government) EC JRC 2013 Deterministic broadband quantum memories • Quantum I/O: connection between static and flying qubits required for scalability Quantum state of light Quantum state of matter • Bandwidths compatible with sources and communications speeds. Control 1 Control 2 Single photon Material system input Single photon output EC JRC 2013 DiamondsDiamonds asas QuantumQuantum SensorsSensors Optically Detected Single Spin Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Atomic Spin Crystals are like people, its only the defects that make them interesting F. Franck TheThe WorkingWorking PrinciplePrinciple •• ElectronElectron spinspin senssenseses magneticmagnetic fieldfield Quantum Sensor •• OpticalOptical readoutreadout ofof sisinglengle atomatom sensorsensor 8nm Tierney 2004 Presence of single protein sensed Acetylcholine EC JRC 2013 Receptors Entangling two diamonds at room temperature K C. Lee et al., Science 334 1253 (201 • Quantum correlations generated between two diamonds in the laboratory: towards real-world quantum sensors and C CVD networks diamond 350 fs Stokes a nti -Sto kes • Possibilities for quantum Opticalmemories phonon in diamond EC JRC 2013 TheThe globalglobal picture:picture: QTechQTech researchresearch centerscenters CQC EC JRC 2013 InvestorInvestor quotesquotes EC JRC 2013 QuantumQuantum enhancement?enhancement? Standards!Standards! • Sensor functionality beyond what is possible using classical designs • Prior agreement on what constitutes a cost/resource • Proper assessment of resources •Europe has a leading position in the science – more work is needed to ensure it leads the technology race EC JRC 2013.
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