Humboldt Regional Transportation Plan – 2013/14 Update Draft EIR Section 3.0 Environmental Setting

3.0 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING

3.1 PHYSICAL SETTING

a. Geography. The RTP’s planning area encompasses areas throughout the Humboldt region, covering the seven incorporated cities, the unincorporated county, tribal lands, and state highways. Humboldt County is a densely forested, mountainous, and rural county with about 110 miles of coastline (more than any other county in the state) situated along the Pacific coast in Northern 's rugged Coast (Mountain) Ranges. Land within Humboldt County’s political boundaries covers 3,500 square miles of beaches, dunes, estuaries, river valleys, bay land, coastal terraces, agricultural lands and forested hills. Rural and relatively urban communities and cities dispersed throughout. The county is mostly mountainous except for the level plain which surrounds Humboldt Bay. The elevation runs from sea level to 6,934 feet.

What is now known as Humboldt County is the ancestral land of several Native American Tribes. There are eight Native American Reservations and Rancherias in Humboldt County: Bear River Band of Rohnerville Rancheria, Big Lagoon Rancheria, , Hoopa Valley Tribe, Karuk Tribe, Cher-Ae Heights Indian Community of the Trinidad Rancheria, , and the Tribe.

Humboldt County is bounded to the west by the Pacific Ocean. It is north of Mendocino County, south of Del Norte County, and west of Trinity and Siskiyou Counties. The planning area includes Townships 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, & 12 North, and Townships 1, 2, 3, 4 & 5 South; and Ranges 1, 2, & 3 West and 1, 2, 3, 4, &5 East of the Humboldt Base & Meridian.

b. Climate. The coastal zone of the county experiences wet, cool winters and dry, mild foggy summers. In the winter, highs range from the low 40s to high 50s (5 to 15°C), with lows in the 30s and 40s (0 to 9°C). Coastal summers are cool to mild, with average highs in the 60s (16 to 21°C) and frequent fog. Coastal summer highs range from the mid-60s to 70s (18 to 21°C), with lows from the upper 40s to mid 50s (8 to 13°C). In the populated areas and cities near the coast, the highest temperatures tend to occur at locations just a few miles inland from Eureka and Arcata, in towns like Fortuna, Rio Dell, and smaller unincorporated communities located somewhat further away from Humboldt Bay. In these locations, summer highs measure in the low- to mid-70s (21 to 24°C). The coastal zone experiences a number of frosty nights in winter and early spring, though snowfall and hard freezes are rare. Coastal winters are cool and wet. Winter rainstorms are frequent, with averages from 30 inches to 100 inches a year varying with elevation.

Summer displays the sharpest difference between the coastal and inland climates. Inland regions of Humboldt County experience highs from the 80s to the 90s (27 to 37°C) depending on the elevation and distance from the ocean. At higher elevations, summers and autumns are hot and dry. Inland areas of the county also experience wet, cold winters. Snowfall is common at elevations over 3,000 feet throughout the winter months.

c. Regional Transportation System. In Humboldt County, there are approximately 1,400 miles of county roads and city streets, and 378 miles of state highways and roadways on federal lands. Proportionately, HCAOG’s members (the County and seven cities) maintain 79% of the

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road miles. The two major highways in Humboldt County are U.S. Highway 101 (north-south) and State Route 299 (east-west). They carry the highest volumes of passenger cars and commercial trucks. U.S. Highway 101 and State Route 299 are two of California’s Focus Routes. The Focus Routes represent ten State corridors that are highest priorities for bringing to minimum-facility-concept standards over the next 20 years (HCAOG, Public Draft RTP, September 2013). Other State Routes in the County include 36, 96, 169, 200, 211, 254, 255, 271, and 283. Highway 96 connects State Route 255 with Interstate 5 north of Yreka, along the scenic Klamath River canyon.

Federal and/or State agencies have jurisdiction over roads within public resource lands in Humboldt County, such as in the National and State Parks or in the Bureau of Land Management areas. The agencies responsible for maintaining non-local roadways like these include, but are not limited to, the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), U.S. Forest Service, National and State Park Service, Bureau of Land Management, and Bureau of Indian Affairs. Roads owned by Native American tribal governments are maintained by them; some roads on tribal land are in the local city, County, or Caltrans District 1 jurisdictions and are maintained by the respective entity (HCAOG, Public Draft RTP, September 2013).

Local streets and roads provide a functional, interconnected, multi-modal transportation system in Humboldt County. Roads are often the main—and sometimes the safest, if not the only— access available between rural and urban areas, or between developed and natural areas. In Humboldt County, pedestrian access via sidewalks and crosswalks is more typically built in urban areas than rural areas (i.e., in cities and larger unincorporated communities more than in outlying communities in Humboldt County). Besides sidewalks, a few examples of walkways designed primarily for pedestrian travel (not solely recreation) are: the Boardwalk and PALCO Marsh path in Eureka; the Hammond Trail in McKinleyville; and Shay Park path (along Foster Avenue and railroad tracks) in Arcata (HCAOG, Public Draft RTP, September 2013).

The statewide California Coastal Trail is partially completed and extends from the Mexican border to the Oregon border following Highway 1 and the California Coast. The trail is primarily designed for pedestrians but also accommodates bicyclists, wheelchair users, equestrians, and others as opportunities allow. Bikeways in the County are generally located in urban areas (excluding solely recreational trails) including several bike lanes and bike routes in Eureka, Arcata, Fortuna, and some urban unincorporated areas (HCAOG, Public Draft RTP, September 2013).

While there is no rail, subway, or ferry service in Humboldt County, there is regional and local public transportation via transit buses and complementary paratransit. Interregional bus transportation is provided by Amtrak Thruway Motorcoach, Greyhound Bus Lines, and the Redwood Coast Transit. The regional transit system includes the Redwood Transit System, South Humboldt Transit System, Eureka Transit System, Willow Creek Transit System, Arcata & Mad River Transit System, Blue Lake Rancheria Transit, and Klamath-Trinity Non- Emergency Transportation (HCAOG, Public Draft RTP, September 2013).

The County has nine public airports. Six of the region’s nine public use airports are owned by the County of Humboldt; they are managed by the Aviation and Airport Division of the Humboldt County Public Works Department. The Samoa Field Airport (formerly called Eureka

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Municipal Airport) is owned and managed by the City of Eureka. The Hoopa Airport is owned and managed by the Hoopa Valley Tribal Council, located in Hoopa. The Shelter Cove Airport is owned and managed by the Shelter Cove Resort Improvement District #1, located in Whitethorn (HCAOG, Public Draft RTP, September 2013).

In Humboldt County, the goods movement system includes highway (trucking), maritime, and aviation facilities. The common transportation facility that connects the three is U.S. 101, which accesses the county from north to south, and links Humboldt’s cities. Major freight facilities that access U.S. 101 include the Port of Humboldt, the California Redwood Coast–Humboldt County Airport (formerly called Arcata-Eureka Airport), Murray Field Airport, and State Route 299 (and the NWP railroad line, albeit defunct). State Route 299, which junctions U.S. 101 in Arcata, is the main route for truck transport to/from eastern Humboldt County and Trinity County. State Route 255 (Arcata to Samoa Peninsula) is also an important intermodal route for the Port of Humboldt Bay. Additionally, Washington Street in Eureka has been designated as a route of intermodal significance because of its rail, port, highway, and pipeline accessibility.

The Port of Humboldt Bay is the only deepwater shipping port between San Francisco and Coos Bay, Oregon. It is a working port that can handle ocean-going vessels with domestic or international cargoes, including Panama Canal-class (Panamax) vessels. The Port’s major international trading partners are Canada, China, and Pacific Rim countries (Caltrans 2012). Since the railroad is not in service, cargo loads from commercial vessels calling on Humboldt Bay are transported to and from the harbor by truck.

The Northwestern Pacific (NWP) Railroad line, which formerly served Humboldt Bay, has been out of service since 1998. Service is not expected to resume within the RTP’s 20-year planning horizon (HCAOG, Public Draft RTP, September 2013).

3.2 DEMOGRAPHIC SETTING

a. Population. Humboldt’s countywide population is approximately 134,819 (California Department of Finance, July 2013). The seven incorporated cities in Humboldt are Arcata, Blue Lake, Eureka, Ferndale, Fortuna, Rio Dell, and Trinidad. The City of Eureka is the city with the largest population (27,000); Trinidad has the smallest population (400).

b. Economic Setting. Humboldt County’s coastal location situates it as a key player in the commerce of Northern California. The Prosperity! 2012 Report identifies several industries as assets to Humboldt County’s economy: tourism, aquaculture, lumber and wood products (especially redwood production), agriculture (beef, dairy, wine grapes, flowers), arts and culture, and specialty agriculture and horticulture (marijuana cultivation). Humboldt State University is another major economic stimulator, which provides jobs for many county residents, as well as helps support business and commerce in Arcata and adjacent cities and communities. (Prosperity! 2012, “Humboldt County Comprehensive Economic Development Strategy 2013-2018”, March 26, 2013)

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