Trabalhos De Arqueologia 22
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An Early Modern Human from the Pes¸Tera Cu Oase, Romania
An early modern human from the Pes¸tera cu Oase, Romania Erik Trinkaus*†, Oana Moldovan‡,S¸ tefan Milota§, Adrian Bıˆlga˘r¶, Laurent¸iu Sarcina§, Sheela Athreyaʈ, Shara E. Bailey**, Ricardo Rodrigo††, Gherase Mircea§, Thomas Higham‡‡, Christopher Bronk Ramsey‡‡, and Johannes van der Plicht§§ *Department of Anthropology, Campus Box 1114, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130; ‡Institutul de Speologie ‘‘Emil Racovit¸a˘ ,’’ Clinicilor 5, P.O. Box 58, 3400 Cluj, Romania; §Pro Acva Grup, Strada˘Surduc 1, 1900 Timis¸oara, Romania; ¶Strada˘Decebal 1, 1500 Drobeta Turnu Severin, Romania; ʈDepartment of Anthropology, Texas A&M University, College Station TX 77843; **Department of Anthropology, George Washington University, 2110 G Street, Washington, DC 20052; ††Centro Nacional da Arqueologia Na´utica e Subaqua´tica, Instituto Portugueˆs de Arqueologia, Avenida da India 136, 1300 Lisboa, Portugal; ‡‡Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, University of Oxford, 6 Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3QJ, United Kingdom; and §§Centrum voor Isotopen Onderzoek, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands Contributed by Erik Trinkaus, August 8, 2003 The 2002 discovery of a robust modern human mandible in the Pes¸tera cu Oase, southwestern Romania, provides evidence of early modern humans in the lower Danubian Corridor. Directly accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon (14C)-dated to 34,000– 36,000 14C years B.P., the Oase 1 mandible is the oldest definite early modern human specimen in Europe and provides perspec- tives on the emergence and evolution of early modern humans in the northwestern Old World. The moderately long Oase 1 mandi- ble exhibits a prominent tuber symphyseos and overall proportions that place it close to earlier Upper Paleolithic European specimens. -
La Cueva De La Güelga. Cangas De Onís. Asturias
PLEISTOCENE AND HOLOCENE HUNTER-GATHERERS IN IBERIA AND THE GIBRALTAR STRAIT: 60 THE CURRENT ARCHAEOLOGICAL RECORD edge about the lifestyles of the human groups at ing all stages of human presence dating back more this exciting time. than 300,000 years enables a wide range of work- ing hypotheses to be tested, both historically and in other disciplines (palaeontology, climatology, 6. Conclusions etc.). Our studies have focused on the transition period from the Middle to the Upper Palaeolithic. The El Castillo cave site is one of the most They have contributed several aspects that chal- important records of the Middle and Upper Pal- lenge –and indeed will continue to challenge– cur- aeolithic on the Iberian Peninsula and indeed in rent views. This confirms the importance of the Europe. The presence of a stratigraphy represent- site and the opportunities it presents. Mario Menéndez*, Gerd-Christian Weniger **-***, David Álvarez-Alonso1, María de Andrés-Herrero ***,Eduardo García *, Jesús F. Jordá *, Martin Kehl La Cueva de la Güelga. Cangas de Onís. ****, Julio Rojo *, José M.Quesada *, Isabell Schmidh ** Asturias Introduction of the Sella River, territorially linked with other coast sites, 15 km away, around the Ribadesella La Cueva de la Güelga, whose name in the lo- Bay (Menéndez, 2003). cal language refers to wet and shady sites, opens Areas A, B and C (Upper Paleolithic): Locat- to the heart of a limestone mountain valley, form- ed around the current cave entrance, they show ing a cul-de-sac. A stream flows from the current cave aperture and has configurated a karst system remains of an intense Solutrean occupation swept with corresponding terrace drain caverns that by the river into the karst. -
Nasal Floor Variation Among Eastern Eurasian Pleistocene Homo Xiu-Jie WU1, Scott D
ANTHROPOLOGICAL SCIENCE Vol. 120(3), 217–226, 2012 Nasal floor variation among eastern Eurasian Pleistocene Homo Xiu-Jie WU1, Scott D. MADDUX2, Lei PAN1,3, Erik TRINKAUS4* 1Key Laboratory of Evolutionary Systematics of Vertebrates, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, People’s Republic of China 2Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA 3Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China 4Department of Anthropology, Washington University, St Louis, MO 63130, USA Received 28 March 2012; accepted 9 July 2012 Abstract A bi-level nasal floor, although present in most Pleistocene and recent human samples, reaches its highest frequency among the western Eurasian Neandertals and has been considered a fea- ture distinctive of them. Early modern humans, in contrast, tend to feature a level (or sloping) nasal floor. Sufficiently intact maxillae are rare among eastern Eurasian Pleistocene humans, but several fos- sils provide nasal floor configurations. The available eastern Eurasian Late Pleistocene early modern humans have predominantly level nasal floors, similar to western early modern humans. Of the four observable eastern Eurasian archaic Homo maxillae (Sangiran 4, Chaoxian 1, Xujiayao 1, and Chang- yang 1), three have the bi-level pattern and the fourth is scored as bi-level/sloping. It therefore appears that bi-level nasal floors were common among Pleistocene archaic humans, and a high frequency of them is not distinctive of the Neandertals. Key words: noses, maxilla, Asia, palate, Neandertal Introduction dominate with the bi-level configuration being present in ≤10% in all but a sub-Saharan African “Bantu” sample In his descriptions of the Shanidar Neandertal crania, (Table 1). -
5 Years on Ice Age Europe Network Celebrates – Page 5
network of heritage sites Magazine Issue 2 aPriL 2018 neanderthal rock art Latest research from spanish caves – page 6 Underground theatre British cave balances performances with conservation – page 16 Caves with ice age art get UnesCo Label germany’s swabian Jura awarded world heritage status – page 40 5 Years On ice age europe network celebrates – page 5 tewww.ice-age-europe.euLLING the STORY of iCe AGE PeoPLe in eUROPe anD eXPL ORING PLEISTOCene CULtURAL HERITAGE IntrOductIOn network of heritage sites welcome to the second edition of the ice age europe magazine! Ice Age europe Magazine – issue 2/2018 issn 25684353 after the successful launch last year we are happy to present editorial board the new issue, which is again brimming with exciting contri katrin hieke, gerdChristian weniger, nick Powe butions. the magazine showcases the many activities taking Publication editing place in research and conservation, exhibition, education and katrin hieke communication at each of the ice age europe member sites. Layout and design Brightsea Creative, exeter, Uk; in addition, we are pleased to present two special guest Beate tebartz grafik Design, Düsseldorf, germany contributions: the first by Paul Pettitt, University of Durham, cover photo gives a brief overview of a groundbreaking discovery, which fashionable little sapiens © fumane Cave proved in february 2018 that the neanderthals were the first Inside front cover photo cave artists before modern humans. the second by nuria sanz, water bird – hohle fels © urmu, director of UnesCo in Mexico and general coordi nator of the Photo: burkert ideenreich heaDs programme, reports on the new initiative for a serial transnational nomination of neanderthal sites as world heritage, for which this network laid the foundation. -
A Genetic Analysis of the Gibraltar Neanderthals
A genetic analysis of the Gibraltar Neanderthals Lukas Bokelmanna,1, Mateja Hajdinjaka, Stéphane Peyrégnea, Selina Braceb, Elena Essela, Cesare de Filippoa, Isabelle Glockea, Steffi Grotea, Fabrizio Mafessonia, Sarah Nagela, Janet Kelsoa, Kay Prüfera, Benjamin Vernota, Ian Barnesb, Svante Pääboa,1,2, Matthias Meyera,2, and Chris Stringerb,1,2 aDepartment of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; and bCentre for Human Evolution Research, Department of Earth Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom Contributed by Svante Pääbo, June 14, 2019 (sent for review March 22, 2019; reviewed by Roberto Macchiarelli and Eva-Maria Geigl) The Forbes’ Quarry and Devil’s Tower partial crania from Gibraltar geographic range from western Europe to western Asia (for an are among the first Neanderthal remains ever found. Here, we overview of all specimens, see SI Appendix, Table S1). Thus, show that small amounts of ancient DNA are preserved in the there is currently no evidence for the existence of substantial petrous bones of the 2 individuals despite unfavorable climatic genetic substructure in the Neanderthal population after ∼90 ka conditions. However, the endogenous Neanderthal DNA is present ago (4), the time at which the “Altai-like” Neanderthals in the among an overwhelming excess of recent human DNA. Using im- Altai had presumably been replaced by more “Vindija 33.19- proved DNA library construction methods that enrich for DNA like” Neanderthals (17). fragments carrying deaminated cytosine residues, we were able The Neanderthal fossils of Gibraltar are among the most to sequence 70 and 0.4 megabase pairs (Mbp) nuclear DNA of the prominent finds in the history of paleoanthropology. -
Bibliography
Bibliography Many books were read and researched in the compilation of Binford, L. R, 1983, Working at Archaeology. Academic Press, The Encyclopedic Dictionary of Archaeology: New York. Binford, L. R, and Binford, S. R (eds.), 1968, New Perspectives in American Museum of Natural History, 1993, The First Humans. Archaeology. Aldine, Chicago. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Braidwood, R 1.,1960, Archaeologists and What They Do. Franklin American Museum of Natural History, 1993, People of the Stone Watts, New York. Age. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Branigan, Keith (ed.), 1982, The Atlas ofArchaeology. St. Martin's, American Museum of Natural History, 1994, New World and Pacific New York. Civilizations. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Bray, w., and Tump, D., 1972, Penguin Dictionary ofArchaeology. American Museum of Natural History, 1994, Old World Civiliza Penguin, New York. tions. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Brennan, L., 1973, Beginner's Guide to Archaeology. Stackpole Ashmore, w., and Sharer, R. J., 1988, Discovering Our Past: A Brief Books, Harrisburg, PA. Introduction to Archaeology. Mayfield, Mountain View, CA. Broderick, M., and Morton, A. A., 1924, A Concise Dictionary of Atkinson, R J. C., 1985, Field Archaeology, 2d ed. Hyperion, New Egyptian Archaeology. Ares Publishers, Chicago. York. Brothwell, D., 1963, Digging Up Bones: The Excavation, Treatment Bacon, E. (ed.), 1976, The Great Archaeologists. Bobbs-Merrill, and Study ofHuman Skeletal Remains. British Museum, London. New York. Brothwell, D., and Higgs, E. (eds.), 1969, Science in Archaeology, Bahn, P., 1993, Collins Dictionary of Archaeology. ABC-CLIO, 2d ed. Thames and Hudson, London. Santa Barbara, CA. Budge, E. A. Wallis, 1929, The Rosetta Stone. Dover, New York. Bahn, P. -
La Préhistoire : Les Premiers Humains En « France »
h Chapitre 1 La préhistoire : les premiers humains en « France » Ce que vous allez apprendre • La présence de l’être humain en France est très ancienne : plus de 1,5 million d’années. • L’histoire de la préhistoire est née en France au XIXe siècle. • La France est riche de sites préhistoriques célèbres, de Lascaux à Carnac. • Les sociétés préhistoriques ont modifié la faune, la flore et les paysages. I. À LA DÉCOUVERTE D’UN MONDE LONGTEMPS IGNORÉ : LA PRÉHISTOIRE Histoire des découvertes préhistoriques Si l’existence des hommes de la préhistoire est aujourd’hui une évidence pour la grande majorité de nos contemporains, de même que l’ancienneté de l’humanité en millions d’années, ces connaissances sont fort récentes à l’échelle de la longue durée des sociétés humaines. Jusqu’au milieu du XIXe siècle, à de rares exceptions, les Européens n’imaginent même pas la possibilité d’une humanité antérieure à la Genèse (premier livre de la Bible). L’histoire de l’humanité est vieille de 4 000 à 5 000 ans, et pas davantage, estiment alors les savants. Les Églises chrétiennes, tout comme d’ailleurs le judaïsme et l’islam, s’en tiennent rigoureusement à ce qu’enseignent les textes sacrés sur les origines du monde et de l’humanité : la Torah pour les juifs, la Bible pour les chrétiens, le Coran pour les musulmans. Les trois religions monothéistes enseignent que l’univers, la Terre, le monde vivant et le genre humain ont été créés par Dieu, en fort peu de temps. L’idée d’une évolution de la vie et notamment de l’humanité sur des millions ou des milliards d’années est littéralement inconcevable pour les hommes de religion et pour les Européens jusqu’au milieu du XIXe siècle. -
Curriculum Vitae Erik Trinkaus
9/2014 Curriculum Vitae Erik Trinkaus Education and Degrees 1970-1975 University of Pennsylvania Ph.D 1975 Dissertation: A Functional Analysis of the Neandertal Foot M.A. 1973 Thesis: A Review of the Reconstructions and Evolutionary Significance of the Fontéchevade Fossils 1966-1970 University of Wisconsin B.A. 1970 ACADEMIC APPOINTMENTS Primary Academic Appointments Current 2002- Mary Tileston Hemenway Professor of Arts & Sciences, Department of Anthropolo- gy, Washington University Previous 1997-2002 Professor: Department of Anthropology, Washington University 1996-1997 Regents’ Professor of Anthropology, University of New Mexico 1983-1996 Assistant Professor to Professor: Dept. of Anthropology, University of New Mexico 1975-1983 Assistant to Associate Professor: Department of Anthropology, Harvard University MEMBERSHIPS Honorary 2001- Academy of Science of Saint Louis 1996- National Academy of Sciences USA Professional 1992- Paleoanthropological Society 1990- Anthropological Society of Nippon 1985- Société d’Anthropologie de Paris 1973- American Association of Physical Anthropologists AWARDS 2013 Faculty Mentor Award, Graduate School, Washington University 2011 Arthur Holly Compton Award for Faculty Achievement, Washington University 2005 Faculty Mentor Award, Graduate School, Washington University PUBLICATIONS: Books Trinkaus, E., Shipman, P. (1993) The Neandertals: Changing the Image of Mankind. New York: Alfred A. Knopf Pub. pp. 454. PUBLICATIONS: Monographs Trinkaus, E., Buzhilova, A.P., Mednikova, M.B., Dobrovolskaya, M.V. (2014) The People of Sunghir: Burials, Bodies and Behavior in the Earlier Upper Paleolithic. New York: Ox- ford University Press. pp. 339. Trinkaus, E., Constantin, S., Zilhão, J. (Eds.) (2013) Life and Death at the Peştera cu Oase. A Setting for Modern Human Emergence in Europe. New York: Oxford University Press. -
Small Mammals from Sima De Los Huesos
Gloria Cuenca-Bescós Small mammals from Sima de los & César Laplana Huesos Conesa Paleontología. F. Ciencias, Universidad A small collection of rodents from Sima de los Huesos helps to clarify the de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain, stratigraphic position of this famous human locality. The presence of Allocricetus and U.A. CSIC-U. Zaragoza, Museo bursae and Pliomys lenki relictus and the size of A. bursae, Apodemus sylvaticus and Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Eliomys quercinus suggest a Middle Pleistocene age (Saalian) to the Clays where 28002 Madrid, Spain humans have been found. ? 1997 Academic Press Limited Jose Ignacio Canudo Museo de Paleontología, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain Juan Luis Arsuaga Dpto. de Paleontología, Universidad Complutense, 28006 Madrid, Spain Received 24 April 1996 Revision received 1 November 1996 and accepted 22 March 1997 Keywords: rodents, Middle Pleistocene, Atapuerca, Sima de los Huesos, Spain, micromammal biochronology. Journal of Human Evolution (1997) 33, 175–190 Introduction In 1974, René Lavocat wrote in this journal: ‘‘It may be rather surprising to read in a journal devoted to human evolution a paper on rodents. This contribution is justified by the fact that the study of rodents can provide excellent arguments’’ . of correlation and relative age assignment of fossil hominid sites (e.g., Lavocat, 1956; Chaline, 1971; Repenning & Fejfar, 1982; Carbonell et al., 1995) and can also tell us a great deal about past environments (Bishop, 1982; Andrews, 1990a,b). The Sima de los Huesos cave locality is one of the sites containing Pleistocene humans in the Sierra de Atapuerca (Burgos, Spain) karst system (Aguirre, 1995; Arsuaga et al., 1993; Bischoff et al., 1997; Carbonell et al., 1995 and references therein). -
A Child in Time Bottom
books and arts dug in the back wall of a rock shelter and a This monograph should go a long way branch of Scots pine was burned at the towards resolving the issue, although those A child in time bottom. The child was then placed in the with extreme opinions are unlikely to be Portrait of the Artist as a Child: pit. Red-ochre stains on both the upper and swayed.The data seem to have been provided The Gravettian Human Skeleton lower surfaces of the bones, and a clear as objectively as possible; for example, the from the Abrigo do Lagar Velho boundary with the surrounding whitish morphology of the child’s bony labyrinth and its Archeological Context sediment, suggest strongly that the body was (inner ear) points to it being a modern edited by João Zilhão & Erik Trinkaus wrapped in an ochre-painted shroud. It lay human, yet the authors of that section say Instituto Português de Arqueologia: 2003. in an extended position, with a young dead that their data are inconclusive with regard 610 pp. E40; distributed by Oxbow Books, rabbit placed across its lower legs, and with to the hybrid theory. £35, $65 the pelvises of two red deer (perhaps meat Overall, the Lapedo child is clearly not a Paul Bahn offerings) by its shoulder and its feet. Round normal anatomically modern human, and its neck was a perforated-shell pendant, and it displays an unusual mosaic of postcranial The discovery in Portugal of the ‘Lapedo on its forehead was some kind of head- characteristics — especially in the lower child’ in December 1998 was an important dress made up of four canine teeth from two limbs, but also in some features of the upper event for those studying European pre- different red-deer stags and two hinds. -
Homme De Néandertal 1 Homme De Néandertal
Homme de Néandertal 1 Homme de Néandertal Homme de Néandertal Crâne de Néandertalien : l'Homme de la Chapelle-aux-Saints. Classification Règne Animalia Sous-règne Metazoa Super-embr. Deuterostomia Embranchement Chordata Sous-embr. Vertebrata Classe Mammalia Sous-classe Theria Infra-classe Eutheria Ordre Primates Sous-ordre Haplorrhini Infra-ordre Simiiformes — non-classé — Catarrhini Super-famille Hominoidea Famille Hominidae Sous-famille Homininae Tribu Hominini Genre Homo Nom binominal Homo neanderthalensis William King, 1864 Parcourez la biologie sur Wikipédia : Un homme de Néandertal ou Néandertalien est un représentant fossile du genre Homo qui a vécu en Europe et en Asie occidentale au Paléolithique moyen, entre environ 250000 et 28000 ans avant le présent. Autrefois considéré comme une sous-espèce au sein de l'espèce Homo sapiens, nommée par conséquent Homo sapiens neanderthalensis, Homme de Néandertal 2 il est désormais considéré par la majorité des auteurs comme une espèce indépendante nommée Homo neanderthalensis. Il est à l'origine d'une riche culture matérielle appelée Moustérien, ainsi que des premières préoccupations esthétiques et spirituelles (sépultures). Après une difficile reconnaissance, l'homme de Néandertal a longtemps pâti d'un jugement négatif par rapport aux Homo sapiens. Il est encore considéré dans l'imagerie populaire comme un être simiesque, fruste, laid et attardé. Il est en fait plus robuste qu'Homo sapiens et son cerveau est légèrement plus volumineux en moyenne. Les progrès de l'archéologie préhistorique et de la paléoanthropologie depuis les années 1960 ont mis au jour un être d'une grande richesse culturelle. De nombreux points sont encore à élucider, notamment concernant les causes de son extinction. -
Assessing Relationships Between Human Adaptive Responses and Ecology Via Eco-Cultural Niche Modeling William E
Assessing relationships between human adaptive responses and ecology via eco-cultural niche modeling William E. Banks To cite this version: William E. Banks. Assessing relationships between human adaptive responses and ecology via eco- cultural niche modeling. Archaeology and Prehistory. Universite Bordeaux 1, 2013. hal-01840898 HAL Id: hal-01840898 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01840898 Submitted on 11 Nov 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Thèse d'Habilitation à Diriger des Recherches Université de Bordeaux 1 William E. BANKS UMR 5199 PACEA – De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie Assessing Relationships between Human Adaptive Responses and Ecology via Eco-Cultural Niche Modeling Soutenue le 14 novembre 2013 devant un jury composé de: Michel CRUCIFIX, Chargé de Cours à l'Université catholique de Louvain, Belgique Francesco D'ERRICO, Directeur de Recherche au CRNS, Talence Jacques JAUBERT, Professeur à l'Université de Bordeaux 1, Talence Rémy PETIT, Directeur de Recherche à l'INRA, Cestas Pierre SEPULCHRE, Chargé de Recherche au CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette Jean-Denis VIGNE, Directeur de Recherche au CNRS, Paris Table of Contents Summary of Past Research Introduction ..................................................................................................................