NATIONAL POLITICAL SCIENCE REVIEW VOLUME 19.1 Yvette Clarke U.S. Representative (D.-MA) CARIBBEANIZATION OF BLACK POLITICS SHARON D. WRIGHT AUSTIN, GUEST EDITOR A PUBLICATION OF THE NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF BLACK POLITICAL SCIENTISTS A PUBLICATION OF THE NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF BLACK POLITICAL SCIENTISTS NATIONAL POLITICAL SCIENCE REVIEW VOLUME 19.1 CARIBBEANIZATION OF BLACK POLITICS SHARON D. WRIGHT AUSTIN, GUEST EDITOR A PUBLICATION OF THE NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF BLACK POLITICAL SCIENTISTS THE NATIONAL POLITICAL SCIENCE REVIEW EDITORS Managing Editor Tiffany Willoughby-Herard University of California, Irvine Associate Managing Editor Julia Jordan-Zachery Providence College Duchess Harris Macalester College Sharon Wright Austin The University of Florida Angela K. Lewis University of Alabama, Birmingham BOOK REVIEW EDITOR Brandy Thomas Wells Augusta University EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD Melina Abdullah—California State University, Los Angeles Keisha Lindsey—University of Wisconsin Anthony Affigne—Providence College Clarence Lusane—American University Nikol Alexander-Floyd—Rutgers University Maruice Mangum—Alabama State University Russell Benjamin—Northeastern Illinois University Lorenzo Morris—Howard University Nadia Brown—Purdue University Richard T. Middleton IV—University of Missouri, St. Louis Niambi Carter—Howard University Byron D’Andra Orey—Jackson State University Cathy Cohen—University of Chicago Marion Brown—Brown University Dewey Clayton—University of Louisville Dianne Pinderhughes—University of Notre Dame Nyron Crawford—Temple University Matt Platt—Morehouse College Heath Fogg-Davis—Temple University H.L.T. Quan—Arizona State University Pearl Ford Dowe—University of Arkansas Boris Ricks—California State University, Northridge Kamille Gentles Peart—Roger Williams University Christina Rivers—DePaul University Daniel Gillion—University of Pennsylvania Neil Roberts—Williams College Ricky Green—California State University, Sacramento Fatemeh Shafiei—Spelman College Jean-Germain Gros—University of Missouri, St. Louis Evelyn Simien—University of Connecticut Fredrick Harris—Columbia University Christel Temple—University of Pittsburgh Errol Henderson—Pennsylvania State University Darryl Thomas—Pennsylvania State University Juliet Hooker—University of Texas Shatema Threadcraft—Rutgers University Gerald Horne—University of Houston Cassandra Veney—Quinnipiac University Zenzele Isoke—University of Minnesota Sherri Wallace—University of Louisville Charles E. Jones—University of Cincinnati Christopher Whitt—Augustana College Tonya Williams—Cosumnes River College Brittany Lewis—Bowdoin College A PUBLICATION OF Shelby F. Lewis—African Renaissance and Diaspora Network Board THE NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF BLACK POLITICAL SCIENTISTS NATIONAL POLITICAL SCIENCE REVIEW VOLUME 19.1 CARIBBEANIZATION OF BLACK POLITICS SHARON D. WRIGHT AUSTIN, GUEST EDITOR A PUBLICATION OF THE NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF BLACK POLITICAL SCIENTISTS Copyright © 2018 Tiffany Willoughby-Herard Copyright © 2018 Sharon D. Wright Austin Copyright © 2018 Christina M. Greer Copyright © 2018 Tiffiany O. Howard Copyright © 2018 Baodong Liu Copyright © 2018 Maruice Mangum and Anthony Rodriguez Copyright © 2018 Hyacinth Miller Copyright © 2018 Candis Watts Smith and K. Jurée Capers Copyright © 2018 Dorian Brown Crosby, Melvinia Turner King, Marionette Holmes, Charles Moses Copyright © 2018 Jessica Lynn Stewart Copyright © 2018 Caroline Shenaz Hossein Copyright © 2018 Anne Donlon Copyright © 2018 Najja Baptist Copyright © 2018 Mali Collins-White Copyright © 2018 Le’Trice Donaldson Copyright © 2018 Javiela Evangelista Copyright © 2018 Paul Hebert Copyright © 2018 Kerima Lewis Copyright © 2018 Phillip Luke Sinitiere Copyright © 2018 Belinda Deneen Wallace All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying, recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical reviews and certain other noncommercial uses permitted by copyright law. For permission requests, write to the publisher at the address below. All inquiries should be addressed to each individual author. This book is printed on acid-free paper that meets the American National Standard for Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials. Cover and layout designed by John W. McCall, Jr., jwmccall@ mvsu.edu Library of Congress Catalog Number: ISSN: 0896-629-X Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Austin, Sharon D. Wright, 1965; guest editor of compilation Title: Caribbeanization of Black Politics/ Sharon D. Wright Austin, guest editor Description: Lincoln [Nebraska]: Joe Christensen, Inc., 2018 and National Conference of Black Political Scientists, 14000 HWY 82 West, MVSU 5098, Itta Bena, MS 38941-1400 USA; Series: National political science review; volume 19.1; Includes bibliographic references Subjects: LCSH: African Americans—Mayoral Politics.; Blacks—Elections; Blacks— Ethnicity—Caribbean; Caribbean American Politicians; African Americans— Civil rights; Political activists—Caribbean American; United States—Race relations— Politics—21st century. Contents Editor’s Note vii Guest Editor’s Note viii Research Articles 1 The Group Consciousness of African Americans, Black Ethnics, and Afro Latinos 2 Sharon D. Wright Austin Hart-Celler and the Effects on African American and Immigrant Incorporation 18 Christina M. Greer Afro-Latinos and the Black-Hispanic Identity: Evaluating the Potential for 29 Group Conflict and Cohesion Tiffiany O. Howard The Haitian and Cuban American Electorates in South Florida: Evidence from 51 Ten Federal, State and Local Elections, 2008-2014 Baodong Liu Assimilation and Black Immigrants: Comparing the Racial Identity and Racial 61 Consciousness of Caribbeans and African Americans Maruice Mangum and Anthony Rodriguez Black, Foreign-Born and Elected: West Indians in New Jersey’s Political Offices 79 Hyacinth Miller The (Additional) Determinants of Pan-Ethnic Black Partisanship 97 Candis Watts Smith and K. Jurée Capers Trends: Political Economy and Socioeconomic Mobility 121 Deliberating Politics and the Economy: Perspectives of African American 122 College Students Dorian Brown Crosby, Melvinia Turner King, Marionette Holmes, Charles Moses Regional Blackness: Diverging African American Views on Racial Progress 144 and Government Assistance Jessica Lynn Stewart Living Garveyism in the Social Economies of the African Diaspora in Canada 169 and in the West Indies Caroline Shenaz Hossein Book Reviews 187 Anne Donlon review of A Human Necklace: The African Diaspora and 188 Paule Marshall’s Fiction by Moira Ferguson Najja Baptist review of Anthem: Social Movements and the Sound of Solidarity 191 in the African Diaspora by Shana L. Redmond Mali Collins-White review of Left Behind: Urban High Schools and the Failure 194 of Market Reform edited by Edward P. St. John, Victoria J. Milazzo Bigelow, Kim Callahan Lijana, and Johanna C. Massé Le’Trice Donaldson review of Racial Beachhead: Diversity and Democracy 197 in A Military Town by Carol Lynn McKibbon Javiela Evangelista review of The New York Young Lords 199 and the Struggle for Liberation by Darrel Wanzer-Serrano Paul Hebert review of White World Order, Black Power Politics: The Birth of American 202 International Relations by Robert Vitalis Kerima Lewis review of Freedom as Marronage by Neil Roberts 205 Philip Luke Sinitiere review of Freedom’s Distant Shores: American Protestants 208 and Post-Colonial Alliances with Africa by R. Drew Smith Belinda Deneen Wallace review of Power Interrupted: Antiracist and Feminist 211 Activism inside the United Nations by Sylvanna M. Falcón Invitation to the Scholarly Community 215 Editor’s Note | vii Editor’s Note Through sheer courage and incredible grit this wonderful new volume of the National Political Science Review has been produced. Comprising vitally important research on the intersection of forms of racial blackness, political coalitions, ethnic and pan-ethnic interest politics, solidarity politics, and group consciousness, on the one hand, and regional, organizational, and youth politics framings of new research on political economy and economic justice, on the other, the scholars herein offer contributions to the most critical questions of the day. This scholarship has much to say about the black freedom struggle and about the Trump Administration’s politics of racial-state making through the bodies of racialized immigrants, particularly Afro-Latinos/ Latinos, Asians, Black Ethnics, Afro-Caribbeans, and minoritized religious groups. Empirical data about political affiliations and interests can go a very long way in terms of advancing the struggle of people in this country to lay bare the short and long term effects of this particularly dangerous contemporary political realignment in the presidency. While communities that were vulnerable before face forms of state and vigilante violence and extremism that had been on the decline over the past two generations, the opportunities for mass movements and coordinated electoral campaigns have opened up significantly. Our book reviews offer a range of cutting edge new scholarship in the field on the historiography and political theory of emancipation, antiracist feminist activism in the United Nations, the politics of racial integration in military towns, the study of race as international affairs, revolutionary