DOCSLIB.ORG

Becoming Marines in American Samoa

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Becoming Marines in American Samoa Becoming Marines in American Samoa Disciplining mind and body in the making of a Marine Identity. Oddmund Toft Master thesis at the Department of Social Anthropology UNIVERSITY OF OSLO Spring 2018 II Becoming Marines in American Samoa: Disciplining mind and body in the making of a Marine identity. III © Oddmund Toft 2018 Becoming Marines in American Samoa: Disciplining mind and body in the making of a Marine identity. Oddmund Toft http://www.duo.uio.no/ Print: Reprosentralen, University of Oslo IV Abstract The territory of American Samoa in the southern Pacific, where I conducted fieldwork from January to June of 2017, has for many years been amongst the top places for recruiting personnel for the U.S. military. Everyone in American Samoa have a friend, sibling, family member or relative who are or have been in the military, and many use the military to gain access to education and money, and to help their family. In this thesis I explore the process of becoming U.S. Marines amongst a group of young people in American Samoa working to meet the requirements to go to boot camp. I argue that the time spent training for boot camp is simultaneously a period where they take the first steps towards acquiring the habitus and mindset of a Marine. I look at how they use shared values, brotherhood, as well as ways of thinking about progress, pain and how to live life, to create and maintain a shared identity as Marines. This topic is looked at through the lens of the body and the mind, and how they work together to create the Marine as a holistic and lifelong identity. Being disciplined is a central part of being a Marine, and therefore also a central term in this thesis. The Marine Corps emphasize always having a high level of preparedness so they can be deployed fast when a crisis is at hand, making being disciplined a crucial trait for a Marine. The concept of discipline shows itself in the learning of bodily technique, dealing with pain, staying healthy and the willingness to do the work required. Being disciplined is also a big part of Samoan upbringing and social life. I therefore argue that my informants being used to discipline and hierarchy is an advantage when entering the military. In short, this thesis is about the acquisition of Marine mindset and habitus, how the body is used to both learn and perform this, and in extension how the body, mindset and life of a Marine itself becomes a multi-vocal symbol representing the Marine Corps, the military, the U.S., good citizens etc. Being a Marine is viewed as more than a job. It’s a commitment to the Marine Corps and the country that lasts even after retirement. This thesis explores how this comes to the forefront in a holistic Marine identity that has its beginning in the stages before going to boot camp. V Aknowledgements I wish to express the utmost gratitude to everyone I met in American Samoa who helped me in any way. You are appreciated. A special thank you to the PT-group I conducted my fieldwork in. Your presence, interactions, humor and companionship made this thesis possible, and made my stay in American Samoa pleasant. Additional gratitude extended to the recruiter, who immediately let me take part in his PT group, and let me come to his office as much as I wanted. Thank you to Lio, who let me live in his house, and to Micah, which I shared a room with. You will always feel like family. Thank you to my academic advisor, Dr. Cato Berg, for valuable guidance, patience and support the last two years, and for giving me the possibility to find my own way of working. From the Department of Social Anthropology at the University of Oslo I would also like to thank Dr. Ingjerd Hoëm and Dr. Elisabeth Schober for reading my work and giving me pointers and new ideas during the writing. Thank you to all my fellow students. You’re an amazing bunch. Thank you to my family: Marit, Oscar, Kristin, André, Tuva and Nora for supporting me all these years. A big thank you to my girlfriend, Signe Johnsen, for being patient with me while I did my fieldwork, and for her tremendous support and love throughout the process. The research is funded through the Norwegian State Educational Loan Fund and the grant from the Department of Social Anthropology (University of Oslo). VI Table of contents Abstract ..................................................................................................................................... V Aknowledgements .................................................................................................................... VI Table of contents ..................................................................................................................... VII 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 1 Description of the field ........................................................................................................... 3 Thematic introduction and research question ......................................................................... 7 How Tutuila became American. ............................................................................................. 8 What does the Marine Corps do? ........................................................................................... 8 Methodological approach ....................................................................................................... 9 Ethical considerations .......................................................................................................... 12 Theoretical approach ............................................................................................................ 14 Regional research ................................................................................................................. 15 Thesis structure .................................................................................................................... 15 2 Ethnographic Context ....................................................................................................... 17 Opportunities available on and off island: ........................................................................... 18 The presence of military in the educational system: ............................................................ 22 Discipline, hierarchy and the Āiga: ...................................................................................... 25 Social mobility through the military .................................................................................... 29 3 The Marine Body ............................................................................................................. 31 A day at PT: .......................................................................................................................... 31 “It’s all about technique”: .................................................................................................... 34 How technique is learned: .................................................................................................... 37 Dealing with pain: ................................................................................................................ 39 The role of physical fitness and health in the recruitment process: ..................................... 41 VII The challenge of staying healthy in American Samoa: ........................................................ 42 Disciplining the body ........................................................................................................... 43 4 Mental preparedness and Mindset .................................................................................... 49 The mindset-change. ............................................................................................................ 50 Values, traits and principles: ................................................................................................ 51 “The corps” as a social actor: ............................................................................................... 55 Uncertainty and responsibility: ............................................................................................ 57 MEPS ................................................................................................................................... 58 Liminality: ............................................................................................................................ 60 Family and brotherhood: ...................................................................................................... 62 Disciplining the mind: .......................................................................................................... 67 5 Samoa in a global context ..................................................................................................... 73 Proud Samoans and global citizens: ..................................................................................... 73 The global reputation of the American military. .................................................................. 75 Nation and nationalism. ........................................................................................................ 79 The local and the global. ...................................................................................................... 85 5 Concluding remarks ........................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • American Samoa Island-Wide History Day 2013
    AMERICAN SAMOA ISLAND-WIDE HISTORY DAY 2013 SENIOR DIVISION WINNERS BY CATEGORY STANDINGS CATEGORY NAME PROJECT TITLE SCHOOL E Afua Mai Mauga: American Samoa's Political 1ST PLACE Historical Paper Mika Aga Leone High School Transforation to an Elected Governor 2ND PLACE Historical Paper Akash Sivakumar The Radicalization of the French Revolution South Pacific Academy 3RD PLACE Historical Paper Mariana Pato My Gun, My Right Samoana High School INDIVIDUAL 1ST PLACE Ellery Histake From the South Side Faga'itua High School PERFORMANCE INDIVIDUAL 2ND PLACE Alisa Sa'o Queen Lydia Lili'uokalani Leone High School PERFORMANCE INDIVIDUAL Aretha Franklin: The Voice of the Civil Rights Fa'asao Marist High 3RD PLACE Mary Taupau PERFORMANCE Movement School 1ST PLACE GROUP PERFORMANCE Renelda Ieremia, Sigago Saeniu Evita and the Peronist Movement Faga'itua High School Merry Christmas Seuseu, Miracle 2ND PLACE GROUP PERFORMANCE One Man, One Vote Tafuna High School Ma'ae AMERICAN SAMOA ISLAND-WIDE HISTORY DAY 2013 SENIOR DIVISION WINNERS BY CATEGORY Anasitasia Vaitele, Makatala 3RD PLACE GROUP PERFORMANCE We're Outta Here- Declaring Independence Samoana High School Taleniu, Tuimalefo'I Mauga INDIVIDUAL 1ST PLACE Louisa Faulkner The Beatles: British Invasion South Pacific Academy DOCUMENTARY INDIVIDUAL 2ND PLACE Hadassha Tofilau The Revolutionary Epilogue of the Afghan-Soviet War Tafuna High School DOCUMENTARY INDIVIDUAL 3RD PLACE Hyum Duck Oh 1968 Black Power Salute South Pacific Academy DOCUMENTARY 1ST PLACE GROUP DOCUMENTARY Allison Fitisone, Marcella
    [Show full text]
  • Lolo Rescinds Memo That Appointed Tauese As Police Chief
    DOH cracks down once again, shuts down 24hr... Page 2 Samoana Sharks Varsity edge the Vikings out in a stunning victory In Sports Fa’aauau pea su’esu’ega Ofi sa o Femalagaaiga mataupu i ID pepelo Le Lali Tri Marine urges NMFS to support American Samoa’s Tuna Operation C M Y K PAGE - 3 Samoana High School’s Special Education program, as well as members of the student body took part in a ‘wave’ that was held at the Suigaula ole Atuvasa Beach Park in Utulei last Friday morning, to raise awareness about breast cancer. October is Breast Cancer Awareness Month. Pacifi c Island In Samoa, the Apia clock tower has been painted “pink” — the o cial color of Breast Cancer Awareness Month — while locally pink ribbons, t-shirts and ‘waves’ kicked of the celebration last week. News in Brief [photo: Blue Chen-Fruean] PAGE - 5 ONLINE @ SAMOANEWS.COM DAILY CIRCULATION 7,000 PAGO PAGO, AMERICAN SAMOA TUESDAY, OCTOBER 10, 2017 $1.00 Lolo rescinds memo Le’i says it’s his duty — under the that appointed Tauese law — to carry out weapons training COPS WILL BE CERTIFIED TO CARRY WEAPONS AND USE DEADLY FORCE by Ausage Fausia During a brief interview last Friday, Le’i told as Police Chief Samoa New Reporter Samoa News that after the 2-week training, he is Over two dozen local police offi cers, including confi dent our local police force is ready to carry A GRIEVANCE IS REPORTEDLY UNDERWAY sergeants, lieutenants, captains and commanders, weapons while performing their duties. were at the shooting range in Aoloau for two “We have been receiving a lot of information by Ausage Fausia days participating in training drills that complete during training over the last two weeks,” he said, Samoa News Reporter a 2-week course, which ultimately certifi es them adding that they had to take written tests almost Last Wednesday, Oct.
    [Show full text]
  • Atlantic Origin of the Arctic Biota? Evidence from Phylogenetic and Biogeographical Analysis of the Cheilostome Bryozoan Genus Pseudoflustra
    Atlantic Origin of the Arctic Biota? Evidence from Phylogenetic and Biogeographical Analysis of the Cheilostome Bryozoan Genus Pseudoflustra Piotr Kuklinski1,2*, Paul D. Taylor2, Nina V. Denisenko3, Bjo¨ rn Berning4 1 Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sopot, Poland, 2 Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom, 3 Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia, 4 Geoscientific Collections, Upper Austrian State Museum, Leonding, Austria Abstract The intricate geological evolution of the Arctic Ocean is paralleled by complexities in the biogeographical and phylogenetical histories of the Arctic biota, including bryozoans. Here we present revised taxonomic descriptions for all known species of the bryozoan genus Pseudoflustra, and use the present-day distributions and phylogenetic relationships between these species to infer the historical biogeography of the genus. Nine species belonging to the genus Pseudoflustra are recognized in the Arctic and North Atlantic. One new species, previously identified as Ichthyaria aviculata, is described as Pseudoflustra radeki sp. nov. Another species, previously assigned to Smittoidea as S. perrieri, is transferred to Pseudoflustra. Biogeographical analysis of Pseudoflustra reveals that species distributions mostly match current patterns pertaining in the North Atlantic and Arctic Ocean. Distributions were probably shaped by recent geological history as present-day current directions in the Arctic Ocean are believed to have been similar for at least the last 120 000 years. Phylogenetic analysis of Pseudoflustra places the five Arctic-North Atlantic species in a clade crownward of a paraphyletic grouping of North Atlantic species. Given that the Arctic Ocean was fully glaciated until 18 000 years, the most likely explanation for this phylogeographical pattern is that species of Pseudoflustra colonized the Arctic relatively recently from North Atlantic sources.
    [Show full text]
  • Ocean Island Shore
    AN INTERDISCIPLINARY WORKSHOP PLACING THE GLOBAL PACIFIC IN THE AGE OF CLIMATE CHANGE SPEAKERS: WARWICK ANDERSON SUGATA BOSE WENJIAO CAI JASON O. CHANG OCEAN BATHSHEBA R. DEMUTH ALEXIS DUDDEN XIAOFEI GAO JOHN HAYASHI ISLAND STEFAN HUEBNER JOHN HUTH ANTHONY MEDRANO SHORE EDWARD MELILLO IAN J. MILLER PETER PERDUE HELEN ROZWADOWSKI JONAS RÜEGG CHRISTINA THOMPSON MICHAELA THOMPSON WEDNESDAY, MAY8, 2019 9:00 AM – 5:30 PM HUCE 440 Museum of Comparative Zoology 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge Co-sponsored by: Harvard Universit y Asia Center Fairbank Center for Chinese Studies The Pacific Circle OCEAN, ISLAND, SHORE: PLACING THE GLOBAL PACIFIC IN THE AGE OF CLIMATE CHANGE May 8 th, 2019 How did modern state and non-state actors go about transforming the Pacific into a political- economic frontier during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries? What environmental, territorial, and social changes did they bring about in the process? And how does applying a maritime framework to the intertwined histories of East Asia, Southeast Asia, and Oceania change our understanding of industrialization, imperialism, capitalism, and socialism in modern Asia? Our workshop explores the intensifying exploitation of marine resources off the coasts of Pacific Asia and Oceania during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The expansion of global industrial capitalism into Asia’s and Oceania’s maritime regions during the nineteenth century, as well as the emergence of its communist equivalent during the mid-twentieth century, turned the affected seas and islands into a lively and contested arena. Formerly inaccessible or irrelevant maritime spaces became targets of novel political and commercial expansion schemes, leading state and non-state actors alike to stake and defend new borders that went well beyond the traditional territorial edges of the region’s major states.
    [Show full text]
  • April-June 2010 1082-6491*April-June 2*ISSN Number 23 Volume
    AGAINST NAZI TERROR, INTERNATIONAL SOLIDARITY: No Nazis in L.A. April 17 Liberation and Human Rights for Communities in Struggle by Michael Novick, Anti-Racist Action-Los Angeles/People Against Racist Terror (ARA-LA/PART) The “National Socialist Movement” (NSM), a neo-nazi formation with a base in Open Nazis are not the main enemy in a struggle against colonialism, capitalism Riverside CA and units around the US, has issued a call for a national gathering of and imperialism, but they are a significant element, particularly in a period of their organization in Los Angeles. It features a rally on Saturday, April 17 at noon ongoing economic crisis and political instability within the belly of the beast. The on the lawn of L.A. City Hall, for which they have already applied for and received National Socialist Movement and similar open fascist forces are seeking greater a permit. They will be bringing a substantial number of uniformed nazi thugs and political legitimacy. They want greater influence within larger white nationalist and reactionary social and political forces, such as the anti-immigrant movement, the boneheads from around the US as part of their so-called “Reclaim the Southwest “tea-baggers,” and the re-emerging militia movement. An associate of the NSM in Campaign.” The NSM boasts of being the oldest and largest nazi outfit in the U.S., Phoenix is a Republican Party Committeeman, and a pal of anti-migrant Sheriff Joe but their public modus operandi is always hiding behind the skirts of the police. Arpaio. Another associate was recently busted in Louisville KY for posting a threat They pose a clear and serious threat of racist and sexist violence, which always to the life of the president on an NSM chat-site, “NewSaxon.” NSM members and follows open nazi organizing.
    [Show full text]
  • Man Who Allegedly Raped 10-Year
    DAILY CIRCULATION 7,000 ONLINE @ SAMOANEWS.COM PAGO PAGO, AMERICAN SAMOA FRIDAY, APRIL 27, 2018 $1.00 e Bluesky management team invited Spe- cial Olympics Amerika Samoa committee chair- person Tafaimamao Tupuola, as well as athletes Sina Falaniko and Hanipale, to accept a $1,000 cash donation at the Bluesky main o ce. e money will assist athletes representing American Samoa to the Special Olympics in Abu Dhabi. “We’re happy to be able to donate and make this contribution. We commend the work of those involved, including the organizers and volunteers, and making it possible for the ath- letes to participate.” said Bluesky customer ser- vice manager Sherry Sele. “On behalf of Special C M Olympics Amerika Samoa, we want to give our Y K biggest gratitude for your donation and helping to send our athletes to represent American Samoa in the Special Olympics in Abu Dhabi.” said Tupuola. Bluesky pledged its donation during the Spe- BLUESKY DONATES $1,000 TO AMERIKA SAMOA SPECIAL OLYMPICS cial Olympics telethon event on April 18. [courtesy photo] Man who allegedly raped 10-year- old girl is not new to the system HE WAS CONVICTED OF SEXUAL ABUSE IN 2011 AND SENTENCED TO 5 YEARS PROBATION by Ausage Fausia bail amount for his client, but he did tell the court Samoa News Reporter that he is deferring his arguments to a later time. A 55-year-old man from Leloaloa was arrested Prosecuting the case is assistant attorney gen- Wednesday afternoon in Nu’uuli after allegedly eral, Woodrow Pengelly. raping and molesting a 10-year-old girl several Felise is facing ten criminal charges, including times.
    [Show full text]
  • Patrimoine Et Territoire : Une Parenté Conceptuelle En Question Les Cahiers Du CFPCI
    Les Cahiers du CFPCI7 Patrimoine et territoire : une parenté conceptuelle en question Les Cahiers du CFPCI Une collection du Centre français du patrimoine culturel immatériel- Maison des Cultures du Monde dirigée par Séverine Cachat Cette édition en ligne est le prolongement du séminaire international intitulé « Les terri- toires du patrimoine culturel immatériel », organisé à Vitré les 5 et 6 octobre 2017 par le Centre français du patrimoine culturel immatériel, dans le cadre du 21e festival de l’Imaginaire, avec le soutien et la participation de la direction générale des Patrimoines, département du Pilotage de la recherche et de la Politique scientifique (ministère de la Culture), de la Ville de Vitré, et la collaboration du Centre Georges Chevrier de l’université de Bourgogne (devenu en mars 2020 le LIR3S – Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Recherche « Sociétés, Sensibilités, Soin »). Illustration de couverture : Couverture brodée par les insurgents de l’EZLN représentant l’hydre capitaliste, festival CompARTE por la Humanidad (« pARTage »), 2016. © Élie Kongs. Numéro coordonné par Jean-Louis Tornatore, Isabelle Chave et Séverine Cachat Relecture, traduction et mise en page Marie Guérinel Copyright 2020 Maison des Cultures du Monde-Centre français du patrimoine culturel immatériel Les Cahiers du CFPCI 7 Table des matières Introduction Patrimoine et territoire, limites et impasses d’une « parenté conceptuelle » ......................................................................................... 9 Jean-Louis Tornatore Partie 1 :
    [Show full text]
  • The Biogeography of the Plastisphere: Implications for Policy
    RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS The biogeography of the Plastisphere: 541 implications for policy Linda A Amaral-Zettler1,2*, Erik R Zettler3, Beth Slikas1, Gregory D Boyd3, Donald W Melvin3, Clare E Morrall4, Giora Proskurowski5, and Tracy J Mincer6† Microplastics (particles less than 5 mm) numerically dominate marine debris and occur from coastal waters to mid-ocean gyres, where surface circulation concentrates them. Given the prevalence of plastic marine debris (PMD) and the rise in plastic production, the impacts of plastic on marine ecosystems will likely increase. Microscopic life (the “Plastisphere”) thrives on these tiny floating “islands” of debris and can be transported long distances. Using next-generation DNA sequencing, we characterized bacterial communities from water and plastic samples from the North Pacific and North Atlantic subtropical gyres to determine whether the composition of different Plastisphere communities reflects their biogeographic origins. We found that these communities differed between ocean basins – and to a lesser extent between polymer types – and displayed lat- itudinal gradients in species richness. Our research reveals some of the impacts of microplastics on marine bio- diversity, demonstrates that the effects and fate of PMD may vary considerably in different parts of the global ocean, and suggests that PMD mitigation will require regional management efforts. Front Ecol Environ 2015; 13(10): 541–546, doi:10.1890/150017 ublic awareness of plastic marine debris (PMD) and its Oberbeckmann et al. 2014). As annual plastic produc- Penvironmental impacts has intensified due in part to tion continues to increase (299 million metric tons in greater numbers of publications (both scholarly and popu- 2015 [PlasticsEurope 2015]), citizens, government agen- lar) and large-scale policy recommendations on the sub- cies, and the plastics industry are attempting to manage ject.
    [Show full text]
  • JULY 2010, Issue 5 GEAR up AUTODESK and ROBOTICS SUMMER ACADEMY
    GEAR UP NEWSLETTER GEAR UP for College JULY 2010, Issue 5 GEAR UP AUTODESK AND ROBOTICS SUMMER ACADEMY GEAR UP Newsletter Special points of interest: • Autodesk Academy • Robotics Academy • Anthony Talosaga to YLS • First Lady Mary Ann Tulafono • RTI Grant awards GUAS $100,000 • MarkBook Grade Portals ROBOTICS ACADEMY AUTODESK ACADEMY • GUAS Math Training Sessions For the first time in American Sa- GEAR UP Autodesk students have moa, students were given the opportunity been working at creating mechanical engi- • AXA supports GEAR UP to work on Robotic kits. GUAS and ITT neering and architectural designs, render- Electronics Instructors, along with three ing scenes as well as animating them by Inside this issue: ASCC Electronic students, facilitated the using the basic Autodesk 3ds Max design Autodesk Academy 111 Robotics Academy of 17 students. The stu- tools. A great motivation for students, Auto- dents actively engaged with hands-on ap- desk encourages problem-solving and criti- Robotics Academy 111 plications of vocational technology, and cal thinking skills. Ms. Fi’a Vaeoso Anthony Talosaga 222 showed their excitement and motivation to (Samoana HS) designed several architec- TAITAITAMA Initiative 222 learn by creating robotic vehicles. A ro- tural designs, including the building above. botic kit was provided to groups of five During the GEAR UP summer academy RTI Math Intervention 222 students each, who worked together to 2010, a lesson on “Rendering Scenes” was MarkBook Grade Access 333 construct a vehicle and operate the robotic demonstrated by designing and rendering kit. the fautasi boat scene below. Math Trek Technology 444 AXA supports GEAR UP 444 GEAR UP Newsletter "A teacher affects eternity; he/she can never tell where his/her influence stops." .
    [Show full text]
  • A Brief Timeline of the History of American Samoa: 20Th Century Through the 21St Century
    A Brief Timeline of the History of American Samoa: 20th Century through the 21st Century 1900 1 February 2 – The United States Navy appointed Commander B.F. Tilley to be the first Governor of American Samoa. The population of Tutuila was approximately 7,000. (O Commander B.F. Tilley le ulua’i Kovana Sili na filifilia e le Fua a le Iunaite Setete e pulea le Malo o Amerika Samoa. O le aofa’iga o tagata sa nonofo i Tutuila e latalata i le 7,000.) April 2 – Signing of the Tutuila Deed of Cession, which was an indication that the chiefs of Tutuila and Aunu’u enthusiastically ceded their islands to the United States. Local chiefs who signed the Deed were; PC Mauga of Pago Pago, PC Le’iato of Fagaitua, PC Faumuina of Aunuu, HTC Pele of Laulii, HTC Masaniai of Vatia, HC Tupuola of Fagasa, HC Soliai of Nuuuli, PC Mauga (2) of Pago Pago, PC Tuitele of Leone, HC Faiivae of Leone, PC Letuli of Ili’ili, PC Fuimaono of Aoloau, PC Satele of Vailoa, HTC Leoso of Leone, HTC Olo of Leone, Namoa of Malaeloa, Malota of Malaeloa, HC Tuana’itau of Pava’ia’i, HC Lualemana of Asu, and HC Amituana’i of Itu’au. (O le sainia ma le tu’ualoa’ia atu o motu o Tutuila ma Aunu’u i lalo o le va’aiga ma le pulega a le Malo o le Iunaite Setete o Amerika.) April 2 – The Marist Brothers opened the first private school in Leone. The funds were from a fundraiser by the Western District and the Marist Brothers were politely asked by the chiefs of the district to administer the school and they agreed.
    [Show full text]
  • Floating Cities, Islands and States*
    1 Article Floating City 3 21 08 after Joseph Floating Cities, Islands and States* Alexander Bolonkin C&R, 1310 Avenue R, #F-6, Brooklyn, NY 11229, USA T/F 718-339-4563, [email protected], [email protected], http://Bolonkin.narod.ru Abstract Many small countries are in need of additional territory. They build landfills and expensive artificial islands. The ocean covers 71% of the Earth’s surface. Those countries (or persons of wealth) starting the early colonization of the ocean may obtain advantages through additional territory or creating their own independent state. An old idea is building a big ship. The best solution to this problem, however, is the provision of floating cities, islands, and states. The author’s idea is to use for floating cities, islands, and states a cheap floating platform created from a natural ice field taken from the Arctic or Antarctic oceans. These cheap platforms protected by air-film (bottom and sides) and a conventional insulating cover (top) and having a cooling system can exist for an unlimited time. They can be increased in number or size at any time, float in warm oceans, travel to different continents and countries, serve as artificial airports, harbors and other marine improvements, as well as floating cities and industrial bases for virtually any use. Author researches and computes parameters of these ice floating platforms, other methods of building such floating territory, compares them and shows that the offered method is the most cheap and efficient means of ocean colonization. ------------------------------- Key words: floating cities, ice floating platform, ocean colonization.
    [Show full text]
  • High School Girls Soccer League 2016-2017 Kicks Off C M Y K
    SECTION B VISIT SAMOA NEWS ONLINE @ SAMOANEWS.COM WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 25, 2017 CLASSIFIEDS • CARTOONS • ALOHA BRIEFS & MORE ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ High School girls soccer league 2016-2017 kicks off C M Y K A Fa’asao-Marist Cougars player tries to dribble away from a Samoana Sharks defender in an ASHSAA Girls Soccer J-V game on Saturday, Jan. 21, 2017 at Pago Park Soccer Stadium in Pago Pago. [FFAS MEDIA/Brian Vitolio] by FFAS MEDIA/ Brian Vitolio round robin competition — he ASHSAA girls’ Fa’asao- Marist, Samoana, soccer league Tafuna Leone and Faga’itua. Rest over as Patriots begin kicked off on Sat- The team with the most wins urday, January 21, at the end of the double round 2017T for both the varsity and robin format will be crowned Super Bowl prep for Falcons junior varsity divisions at the champions. Pago Park Soccer Stadium. VARSITY logistics involved with the big Varsity defending cham- SHARKS 4, LIONS 2 game. Belichick said it’s helped pions Fa’asao-Marist Cougars Lydia Amisone completed them turn the page “about as did not play but in division a hat trick for the Sharks in quickly as we could.” results the Samoana Sharks helping her team beat the Lions “We’re on to Atlanta now as beat Leone Lions 4-2 and South last Saturday. a coaching staff. We’re deep in Pacific Academy Dolphins Samoana led 3-1 at the com- the middle of them,” he said. C M drew with the Tafuna Warriors pletion of the first half before New England has fond mem- Y K 1-1.
    [Show full text]