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Catalyst 9600 Switches) Security Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Gibraltar 16.11.x (Catalyst 9600 Switches) First Published: 2019-04-17 Americas Headquarters Cisco Systems, Inc. 170 West Tasman Drive San Jose, CA 95134-1706 USA http://www.cisco.com Tel: 408 526-4000 800 553-NETS (6387) Fax: 408 527-0883 THE SPECIFICATIONS AND INFORMATION REGARDING THE PRODUCTS IN THIS MANUAL ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE. ALL STATEMENTS, INFORMATION, AND RECOMMENDATIONS IN THIS MANUAL ARE BELIEVED TO BE ACCURATE BUT ARE PRESENTED WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED. USERS MUST TAKE FULL RESPONSIBILITY FOR THEIR APPLICATION OF ANY PRODUCTS. THE SOFTWARE LICENSE AND LIMITED WARRANTY FOR THE ACCOMPANYING PRODUCT ARE SET FORTH IN THE INFORMATION PACKET THAT SHIPPED WITH THE PRODUCT AND ARE INCORPORATED HEREIN BY THIS REFERENCE. IF YOU ARE UNABLE TO LOCATE THE SOFTWARE LICENSE OR LIMITED WARRANTY, CONTACT YOUR CISCO REPRESENTATIVE FOR A COPY. The Cisco implementation of TCP header compression is an adaptation of a program developed by the University of California, Berkeley (UCB) as part of UCB's public domain version of the UNIX operating system. All rights reserved. Copyright © 1981, Regents of the University of California. NOTWITHSTANDING ANY OTHER WARRANTY HEREIN, ALL DOCUMENT FILES AND SOFTWARE OF THESE SUPPLIERS ARE PROVIDED “AS IS" WITH ALL FAULTS. CISCO AND THE ABOVE-NAMED SUPPLIERS DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THOSE OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT OR ARISING FROM A COURSE OF DEALING, USAGE, OR TRADE PRACTICE. IN NO EVENT SHALL CISCO OR ITS SUPPLIERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT, SPECIAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, LOST PROFITS OR LOSS OR DAMAGE TO DATA ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THIS MANUAL, EVEN IF CISCO OR ITS SUPPLIERS HAVE BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. Any Internet Protocol (IP) addresses and phone numbers used in this document are not intended to be actual addresses and phone numbers. Any examples, command display output, network topology diagrams, and other figures included in the document are shown for illustrative purposes only. Any use of actual IP addresses or phone numbers in illustrative content is unintentional and coincidental. All printed copies and duplicate soft copies of this document are considered uncontrolled. See the current online version for the latest version. Cisco has more than 200 offices worldwide. Addresses and phone numbers are listed on the Cisco website at www.cisco.com/go/offices. Cisco and the Cisco logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Cisco and/or its affiliates in the U.S. and other countries. To view a list of Cisco trademarks, go to this URL: www.cisco.com go trademarks. Third-party trademarks mentioned are the property of their respective owners. The use of the word partner does not imply a partnership relationship between Cisco and any other company. (1721R) © 2019 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. CONTENTS Full Cisco Trademarks with Software License ? CHAPTER 1 Controlling Switch Access with Passwords and Privilege Levels 1 Restrictions for Controlling Switch Access with Passwords and Privileges 1 Restrictions and Guidelines for Reversible Password Types 1 Restrictions and Guidelines for Irreversible Password Types 2 Information About Controlling Switch Access with Passwords and Privileges 2 Preventing Unauthorized Access 2 Default Password and Privilege Level Configuration 3 Additional Password Security 3 Password Recovery 4 Terminal Line Telnet Configuration 4 Username and Password Pairs 4 Privilege Levels 4 AES Password Encryption and Master Encryption Keys 5 How to Configure Switch Access with Passwords and Privileges 5 Setting or Changing a Static Enable Password 5 Protecting Enable and Enable Secret Passwords with Encryption 6 Disabling Password Recovery 8 Setting a Telnet Password for a Terminal Line 10 Configuring Username and Password Pairs 11 Setting the Privilege Level for a Command 12 Changing the Default Privilege Level for Lines 13 Logging in to and Exiting a Privilege Level 14 Configuring an Encrypted Preshared Key 15 Monitoring Switch Access with Passwords and Privileges 16 Security Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Gibraltar 16.11.x (Catalyst 9600 Switches) iii Contents Configuration Examples for Switch Access with Passwords and Privilege Levels 16 Example: Setting or Changing a Static Enable Password 16 Example: Protecting Enable and Enable Secret Passwords with Encryption 16 Example: Setting a Telnet Password for a Terminal Line 17 Example: Setting the Privilege Level for a Command 17 Example: Configuring an Encrypted Preshared Key 17 Feature History for Controlling Switch Access with Passwords and Privileges 17 CHAPTER 2 Configuring Login Block 19 Information About Login Enhancements-Login Block 19 Login Enhancements-Login Block Overview 19 Protecting Against Denial of Service and Dictionary Login Attacks 19 Delays Between Successive Login Attempts 20 Login Shutdown If DoS Attacks Are Suspected 20 How to Configure Login Enhancements-Login Block 20 Configuring Login Parameters 20 Verifying Login Parameters 22 Configuration Examples for Login Enhancements-Login Block 24 Example: Configuring Login Parameters 24 Feature History for Login Enhancements-Login Block 24 CHAPTER 3 Configuring Authentication 25 Prerequisites for Configuring Authentication 25 Restrictions for Configuring Authentication 25 Information About Authentication 26 Named Method Lists for Authentication 26 Method Lists and Server Groups 26 Login Authentication Using AAA 27 Login Authentication Using Enable Password 27 Login Authentication Using Kerberos 27 Login Authentication Using Line Password 28 Login Authentication Using Local Password 28 Login Authentication Using Group RADIUS 28 Security Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Gibraltar 16.11.x (Catalyst 9600 Switches) iv Contents Login Authentication Using Group TACACS 28 Login Authentication Using Group Name 29 PPP Authentication Using AAA 29 PPP Authentication Using Kerberos 29 PPP Authentication Using Local Password 29 PPP Authentication Using Group RADIUS 30 PPP Authentication Using Group TACACS 30 PPP Authentication Using Group Name 30 AAA Scalability for PPP Requests 31 ARAP Authentication Using AAA 31 ARAP Authentication Allowing Authorized Guest Logins 31 ARAP Authentication Allowing Guest Logins 32 ARAP Authentication Using Line Password 32 ARAP Authentication Using Local Password 32 ARAP Authentication Using Group RADIUS 32 ARAP Authentication Using Group TACACS 32 ARAP Authentication Using a Group Name 33 NASI Authentication Using AAA 33 NASI Authentication Using Enable Password 33 NASI Authentication Using Group RADIUS 33 NASI Authentication Using Group TACACS 34 NASI Authentication Using Line Password 34 NASI Authentication Using Local Password 34 NASI Authentication Using Group Name 34 Specifying the Amount of Time for Login Input 35 Password Protection at the Privileged Level 35 Changing the Text Displayed at the Password Prompt 35 Double Authentication of PPP Sessions 35 How Double Authentication Works 36 Accessing the User Profile After Double Authentication 37 CHAP or PAP Authentication 37 Enabling PPP Encapsulation 38 Enabling PAP or CHAP 38 Security Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Gibraltar 16.11.x (Catalyst 9600 Switches) v Contents Inbound and Outbound Authentication 39 Enabling Outbound PAP Authentication 39 Refusing PAP Authentication Requests 40 Creating a Common CHAP Password 40 Refusing CHAP Authentication Requests 40 Delaying CHAP Authentication Until Peer Authenticates 40 Using MS-CHAP 40 Domain Stripping 41 How to Configure Authentication 42 Configuring Login Authentication Using AAA 42 Configuring PPP Authentication Using AAA 44 Configuring ARAP Authentication Using AAA 46 Configuring NASI Authentication Using AAA 48 Preventing an Access Request with a Blank Username from Being Sent to the RADIUS Server 49 Configuring Message Banners for AAA Authentication 50 Configuring a Login Banner 50 Configuring a Failed-Login Banner 52 Configuring AAA Packet of Disconnect 53 Configuring Double Authentication 54 Enabling Automated Double Authentication 55 Configuring Domain Stripping at the Server Group Level 58 Configuring Non-AAA Authentication Methods 59 Configuring Line Password Protection 59 Establishing Username Authentication 60 Defining PPP Authentication Using MS-CHAP 62 Configuration Examples for Authentication 63 Example: Configuring Method Lists 63 Example: RADIUS Authentication 65 Example: TACACS Authentication 67 Example: Kerberos Authentication 68 Example: AAA Scalability 68 Example: Configuring Login and Failed-Login Banners for AAA Authentication 70 Example: AAA Packet of Disconnect Server Key 70 Security Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Gibraltar 16.11.x (Catalyst 9600 Switches) vi Contents Example: Double Authentication 71 Example: Configuration of the Local Host for AAA with Double Authentication 71 Example: Configuration of the AAA Server for First-Stage PPP Authentication and Authorization 71 Example: Configuration of the AAA Server for Second-Stage Per-User Authentication and Authorization 72 Example: Complete Configuration with TACACS 73 Example: Automated Double Authentication 76 Feature History for Configuring Authentication 77 CHAPTER 4 Configuring Authorization 79 Prerequisites for Configuring Authorization 79 Information About Configuring Authorization 80 Named Method Lists for Authorization 80 AAA Authorization Methods 80 Authorization
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