Land at Lynford Hall, Lynford, Norfolk
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Witham Archaeology A Report to AHP Builders April 2016 LAND AT LYNFORD HALL, LYNFORD, NORFOLK Archaeological Desk Based Assessment D. Trimble WA Report No .: 137 ♦ Event No. ENF140247 ♦ OASIS ID: withamar1-249577 LAND AT LYNFORD HALL, LYNFORD, NORFOLK NGR: TL 81865 93900 Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment Contents Page SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................ 1 1.0 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................ 1 2.0 SITE LOCATION, TOPOGRAPHY & GEOLOGY (see Figs. 1 & 2) ................................ 1 3.0 PLANNING BACKGROUND ............................................................................................. 2 4.0 AIMS & OBJECTIVES ........................................................................................................ 3 5.0 METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................................ 4 6.0 RESULTS OF HISTORICAL AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH .......................... 4 7.0 DISCUSSION AND ASSESSMENT OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL POTENTIAL ............... 10 8.0 IMPACT ASSESSMENT ................................................................................................... 12 9.0 CONCLUSIONS ................................................................................................................. 12 10.0 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .............................................................................................. 12 11.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................................. 12 12.0 PROJECT/ ARCHIVE DETAILS .................................................................................... 13 12.1 Project Details ..................................................................................................... 13 12.2 Archive Details .................................................................................................... 13 Colour plates Plate 1: View from southeast corner of proposed area of development, looking southwest .... 14 Plate 2: View from southeast corner of proposed area of development, looking northwest ..... 14 Plate 3: View of Japanese water garden, looking south ........................................................... 15 Plate 4: View from southeast corner of proposed development looking NW ............................ 15 Plate 5: View of Japanese water gardens looking southeast .................................................... 16 Plate 6: View of southern end of proposed development, looking northeast ............................ 16 Cover Photograph: View to south from east side of proposed area of development Witham Archaeology Report No. 137: Land at Lynford Hall, Lynford, Norfolk. Archaeological Desk Based Assessment Plate 7: View of southwest corner of development, looking northwest ..................................... 17 Plate 8: View of southwest corner of proposed development area, looking south. ................... 17 Plate 9: View across southwest area of proposed development looking southeast ................... 18 Plate 10. View of southwest corner of proposed area of development, looking southwest ....... 18 Plate 11: View to west from northwest part of proposed area of development ......................... 19 Plate 12: View to south from east side of proposed area of development ................................. 19 Plate 13: View to south from northwest corner of proposed development. ............................... 20 Plate 14: View to southeast from northeast corner of proposed development .......................... 20 Plate 15: View to south from northwest corner of proposed development ................................ 21 Plate 16: View to south from east side of proposed development ............................................. 21 Plate 17: View to southwest from east side of development ...................................................... 22 Plate 18: View of Lynford Hall and gardens from south. ........................................................ 22 Plate 19: View of southern end of development from east of development. .............................. 23 Plate 20: View of Lynford Hall and gardens from south. ......................................................... 23 Plate 21: View of Lynford Hall and gardens from southwest ................................................... 24 Plate 22: View along vegetation bounding eastern side of proposed area of development ...... 24 Plate 23: View of track to hall from northwest corner of proposed area of development ........ 25 Plate 24: View along east side of proposed area of development from northwest. ................... 25 Plate 25: View of east side of proposed area of development looking south. ........................... 26 Plate 26: View of cages on eastern boundary of development from northwest. ........................ 26 Plate 27: View of southern façade of Lynford Hall from southwest ......................................... 27 Illustrations Fig. 1 Location maps Fig. 2 Location of Area of Development within search area Fig. 3 Plan showing approximate limits of Area of Development Fig. 4 Plan showing viewpoint of photographs taken during site walkover survey Fig. 5 Prehistoric Find Spots and Monuments in the Assessment Area Fig. 6 Roman and Saxon Find Spots and Monuments in the Assessment Area Witham Archaeology Report No. 137: Land at Lynford Hall, Lynford, Norfolk. Archaeological Desk Based Assessment Fig 7 Medieval to Post-medieval Find Spots and Monuments in the Assessment Area Fig. 8 Post medieval to modern sites Find Spots and Monuments in the Assessment Area Fig. 9 Linear monuments of post medieval to modern date within the Area of Assessment Fig. 10 Undated or sites of unknown date in the Assessment Area Fig. 11 Historic buildings in the Assessment Area Fig. 12 Extract from Faden’s 1797 map of Norfolk. Not to scale Fig. 13 Extract from Ordnance Survey First Series 1824. Not to scale Fig. 14 1st edition 25 inch County Series Ordnance Survey map. Reproduced at 1: 5000 Fig. 15 1905 edition 25 inch County Series Ordnance Survey map. Reproduced at 1: 5000 Fig. 16 1976 edition 25 inch County Series Ordnance Survey map. Reproduced at 1: 5000 Fig 17 Lynford Hall. Photograph of Gardens, lake and pond, looking south APPENDIX A – ENTRIES IN THE NORFOLK COUNTY COUNCIL HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT RECORD APPENDIX B – OASIS FORM Witham Archaeology Report No. 137: Land at Lynford Hall, Lynford, Norfolk. Archaeological Desk Based Assessment LAND AT LYNDFORD HALL, LYNFORD NORFOLK ARCHAEOLOGICAL DESK-BASED ASSESSMENT SUMMARY This report presents the results of research carried out by Witham Archaeology considering the archaeological implications of the construction of 50 – 60 holiday cottages within the grounds of Lynford Hall, a Grade II listed building located to the east of Mundford, Norfolk. The report, commissioned by EJW Planning on behalf of their client, AHP Builders Ltd, will form part of a submission for planning permission for the development. The area of the proposed development lies between a formal garden extending from the south end of the hall and the central ornamental lake of the surrounding park. A 1km square area (hereafter known as the Area of Assessment) centred on the proposed development was used to search the Norfolk County Council Historic Environment Record (NCCHER) for Heritage Assets. There are a total of 104 records of Heritage Assets within the Assessment Area held in the NCCHER. Although many of these relate to features associated with the hall its park and gardens, other records relate to evidence of past occupation within the Area of Assessment area ranging in date from the middle Palaeolithic through to the post medieval period. Significant archaeological sites within the Assessment Area include a Bronze Age bowl barrow which is protected as a nationally important Scheduled Monument. Although not a scheduled site, deposits of late Middle Palaeolithic date identified in a quarry located 1km to the north of the site are certainly of national significance. The site of the now deserted Lynford medieval village lies within the Assessment Area as do various landscape features which are likely to represent former ponds, lakes, channels, earthwork bands and boundaries associated with Lynford Hall and its two precursors. 1.0 INTRODUCTION This report presents the results of research carried out by Witham Archaeology considering the archaeological implications of the construction of 50 – 60 holiday cottages on land at Lynford Hall, Lyndford, Norfolk. The report was commissioned by EJW Planning on behalf of their client, AHP Builders Ltd, for submission as part of a planning application to Breckland District Council. The information in this document is presented with the proviso that further data may yet emerge. Witham Archaeology cannot, therefore, be held responsible for any loss, delay or damage, material or otherwise, arising out of this report. The document has been prepared in accordance with the Code of Conduct of the Chartered Institute of Archaeologists. 2.0 SITE LOCATION, TOPOGRAPHY & GEOLOGY (see Figs. 1 & 2) The site lies within the Civil Parish of Lynford, approximately 1.75km to the east of Mundford village. The parish lies 28 miles southwest of Norwich and 7.5 miles northwest of Thetford in the administrative district of Breckland. The site of the proposed