Democratic Republic of Congo : South Kivu
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Identity, Territory, and Power in the Eastern Congo Rift Valley Institute | Usalama Project
RIFT VALLEY INSTITUTE | USALAMA PROJECT UNDERSTANDING CONGOLESE ARMED GROUPS SOUTH KIVU IDENTITY, TERRITORY, AND POWER IN THE EASTERN CONGO RIFT VALLEY INSTITUTE | USALAMA PROJECT South Kivu Identity, territory, and power in the eastern Congo KOEN VLASSENROOT Published in 2013 by the Rift Valley Institute 1 St Luke’s Mews, London W11 1DF, United Kingdom PO Box 52771 GPO, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya THE USALAMA PROJECT The Rift Valley Institute’s Usalama Project documents armed groups in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The project is supported by Humanity United and Open Square, and undertaken in collaboration with the Catholic University of Bukavu. THE RIFT VALLEY INSTITUTE (RVI) The Rift Valley Institute (www.riftvalley.net) works in Eastern and Central Africa to bring local knowledge to bear on social, political, and economic development. THE AUTHOR Koen Vlassenroot is Professor of Political Science and director of the Conflict Research Group at the University of Ghent. He is associated to the Egmont Institute and a RVI fellow. He co-authored Conflict and Social Transformation in Eastern DR Congo (2004) and co-edited The Lord’s Resistance Army: Myth or Reality? (2010). He is the lead researcher on the DRC for the Justice and Security Research Programme. CREDITS RVI ExECUTIVE DIRECTOR: John Ryle RVI PROgRAMME DIRECTOR: Christopher Kidner RVI USALAMA PROJECT DIRECTOR: Jason Stearns RVI USALAMA DEPUTY PROJECT DIRECTOR: Willy Mikenye RVI Great LAKES PROgRAMME MANAgER: Michel Thill RVI Information OFFICER: Tymon Kiepe EDITORIAL consultant: Fergus Nicoll Report DESIgN: Lindsay Nash Maps: Jillian Luff, MAPgrafix PRINTINg: Intype Libra Ltd., 3/4 Elm Grove Industrial Estate, London SW19 4HE ISBN 978-1-907431-25-8 COVER CAPTION Congolese woman carrying firewood in the hills of Minembwe, South Kivu (2012). -
Working Together, Saving Lives
Working Together, Saving Lives Integrated Final Report 2010–2015 Health Project in the Democratic Republic of Congo Project Name: Integrated Health Project in the Democratic Republic of Congo Cooperative Agreement Number: AID-OAA-A-10-00054 Contact information in DRC: Avenue des Citronniers, No. 4, Commune Gombe, Kinshasa Chief of Party: Dr. Ousmane Faye, +243 0992006180 Contact information in the US: 200 Rivers Edge Drive Medford, MA 02155 Director, Country Portfolio: Kristin Cooney, Tel: +1 617-250-9168 This report is made possible by the generous funding of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) under Cooperative Agreement AID- OAA-A-10-00054. The contents are the responsibility of the Democratic Republic of Congo-Integrated Health Project and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government. Cover Photo: Warren Zelman Report Design: Erin Dowling Design Working Together, Saving Lives Final Report: The Integrated Health Project in the Democratic Republic of Congo 2010–2015 Integrated Health Project in the Democratic Republic of Congo ACKNOWLEDGMENTS To acknowledge the roles of the many people Tuberculosis Program, the National Multisectoral Program who have contributed to this project, we borrow for HIV/AIDS Prevention, the National Program for the from African wisdom: If you want to go quickly, go Fight Against HIV/AIDS, the National Program on Diarrhea alone. If you want to go far, go together. There have Prevention, the National Program on Nutrition, the been times that we have needed to move quickly, National Communication Program for Health Promotion, but it never would have been possible without the National Reproductive Health Program, National the people who supported the project to go far. -
Public Annex
ICC-01/04-01/10-396-Anx 02-09-2011 1/6 CB PT Public Annex ICC-01/04-01/10-396-Anx 02-09-2011 2/6 CB PT I. General contextual elements on the recent FLDR activities in the KIVUS: 1. Since the beginning of 2011, the FARDC conducted unilateral military operations under the “AMANI LEO” (peace today) operation against the FDLR and other armed groups in North Kivu, mainly in Walikale and Lubero territories, and in South Kivu, mainly in Fizi, Uvira and Shabunda territories. 1 2. The UN Group of Experts in its interim report on 7 June 2011 states that the FDLR remain militarily the strongest armed group in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.2 3. The UN Secretary-General further reported on 17 January 2011 that “the FDLR military leadership structure remained largely intact, and dispersed”.3 The FDLR established their presences in remote areas of eastern Maniema and northern Katanga provinces 4 and have sought to reinforce their presence in Rutshuru territory.5 4. The UN GoE reported as late as June 2011 on the FDLR’s continued recruitment 6 and training of mid-level commanders 7. The FDLR also 1 Para 5, page 2 S/2011/20, Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, 17 January 2011 (http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=S/2011/20 ), Para 32, page 9, S/2011/345 Interim report of the Group of Experts on the DRC submitted in accordance with paragraph 5 of Security Council resolution 1952 (2010), 7 June 2011 (http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=S/2011/345 -
Democratic Republic of the Congo of the Congo Democratic Republic
Democratic Republic of the Congo of the Congo Democratic Republic Main objectives Impact • UNHCR provided international protection to some In 2005, UNHCR aimed to strengthen the protection 204,300 refugees in the DRC of whom some 15,200 framework through national capacity building, registra- received humanitarian assistance. tion, and the prevention of and response to sexual and • Some of the 22,400 refugees hosted by the DRC gender-based violence; facilitate the voluntary repatria- were repatriated to their home countries (Angola, tion of Angolan, Burundian, Rwandan, Ugandan and Rwanda and Burundi). Sudanese refugees; provide basic assistance to and • Some 38,900 DRC Congolese refugees returned to locally integrate refugee groups that opt to remain in the the DRC, including 14,500 under UNHCR auspices. Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC); prepare and UNHCR monitored the situation of at least 32,000 of organize the return and reintegration of DRC Congolese these returnees. refugees into their areas of origin; and support initiatives • With the help of the local authorities, UNHCR con- for demobilization, disarmament, repatriation, reintegra- ducted verification exercises in several refugee tion and resettlement (DDRRR) and the Multi-Country locations, which allowed UNHCR to revise its esti- Demobilization and Reintegration Programme (MDRP) mates of the beneficiary population. in cooperation with the UN peacekeeping mission, • UNHCR continued to assist the National Commission UNDP and the World Bank. for Refugees (CNR) in maintaining its advocacy role, urging local authorities to respect refugee rights. UNHCR Global Report 2005 123 Working environment Recurrent security threats in some regions have put another strain on this situation. -
DRC Complex Emergency Fact Sheet #5 09.30.2020
Fact Sheet #5 Fiscal Year (FY) 2020 Democratic Republic of the Congo – Complex Emergency September 30, 2020 SITUATION AT A GLANCE 25.6 21.8 5.5 922,000 529,000 MILLION MILLION MILLION Estimated Population Estimated Acutely Estimated Number Estimated Number of Estimated Number of in Need of Assistance Congolese Refugees Refugees Sheltering in Food Insecure of IDPs in the DRC Population Sheltering Abroad the DRC OCHA – June 2020 UNHCR – July 2020 UNHCR – July 2020 IPC – September 2020 OCHA – December 2019 Approximately 21.8 million people in the DRC will likely require emergency food assistance through December due to conflict, the impact of COVID-19 mitigation measures on livelihoods, worsening macroeconomic conditions, and flooding, according to a September IPC analysis. Conflict and insecurity continue to drive widespread population displacement and increase humanitarian needs in some areas of the DRC, particularly in Ituri and North Kivu provinces. Non-state armed groups carried out two separate attacks against aid workers in eastern DRC in September, resulting in one aid worker death, one injury, and five abductions. TOTAL U.S. GOVERNMENT HUMANITARIAN FUNDING USAID/BHA1,2 $350,009,015 For the DRC Response in FY 2020 State/PRM3 $68,150,000 For complete funding breakdown with partners, see detailed chart on page 6 Total4 $418,159,015 1USAID’s Bureau for Humanitarian Assistance (USAID/BHA) 2 Total USAID/BHA funding includes non-food humanitarian assistance from the former Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance and emergency food assistance from the former Office of Food for Peace. 3 U.S. Department of State’s Bureau of Population, Refugees, and Migration (State/PRM) 4 This total includes approximately $23,833,699 in supplemental funding through USAID/BHA and State/PRM for COVID-19 preparedness and response activities. -
The Making of Ethnic Territories and Subjects in Eastern DR Congo ⁎ Kasper Hoffmann
Geoforum xxx (xxxx) xxx–xxx Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Geoforum journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/geoforum Ethnogovernmentality: The making of ethnic territories and subjects in Eastern DR Congo ⁎ Kasper Hoffmann University of Copenhagen, Denmark Ghent University, Belgium ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: In this article I investigate colonial constructions of ethnicity and territory and their effects in the post-in- Ethnicity dependence period in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. The core argument of the article is that the Governmentality constructions of ethnicity and territory that are set in motion in struggles over political space in the Congolese Territory conflicts are conditioned by what I call “ethnogovernmentality”, which denotes a heterogeneous ensembleof Subjectivity biopolitical and territorial rationalities and practices of power concerned with the conduct of conduct of ethnic Conflict populations. Through ethnogovernmentality colonial authorities sought to impose ordered scientific visions of DR Congo ethnicity, custom, culture, space, territory, and geography, upon ambivalent cultures and spaces. I show that while ethnogovernmentality failed to produce the stability and order the colonial authorities sought, its ethno- territorial regime of truth and practice has had durable effects on people’s sense of self and on struggles over political space. 1. A dotted red line Administrative maps are often objects of intense political struggles, especially in post-colonial context where they have been imposed on During fieldwork in eastern Congo in 2005 I showed a faded copyof ambiguous and highly heterogeneous cultural and political landscapes. a BA thesis submitted at a local university to one of my interlocutors. As the example above indicates issues related to ethnic territories and The title was “Essai d’histoire politique de Batembo” (Essay on the poli- boundaries are highly contentious in the eastern parts of Democratic tical history of the Batembo). -
DRC Humanitarian Situation Report
DRC Humanitarian Situation Report Photo: UNICEF DRC Oatway July 2019 SITUATION IN NUMBERS Highlights 1,260,000*Internally Displaced Persons • In July, UNICEF’s Rapid Response to Movements of Population (IDPs) (HPR 2019) (RRMP) mechanism provided 95,814 persons with essential * Estimate for 2019 household items and shelter materials 7,500,000 children in need of humanitarian assistance (OCHA, HRP 2019) • Multiple emergencies in the provinces of Ituri, South Kivu, Kwango, and Mai Ndombe (Yumbi territory) are heavily underfunded. This gap impacts UNICEF’s response to the 1,400,000 children are suffering from Severe emergencies and prevent children from accessing their basic Acute malnutrition (DRC Nutrition Cluster, January 2019) rights, such as education, child protection, and nutrition 13,542 cases of cholera reported since January st • Ebola outbreak: as of 31 of July 2019, 2,687 total cases of 2019 (Ministry of Health) Ebola, 2,593 confirmed cases and 1,622 deaths linked to Ebola have been recorded in the provinces of North Kivu and 137,154 suspect cases of measles reported since Ituri. January (Ministry of Health) UNICEF Appeal 2019 UNICEF’s Response with Partners US$ 326 Million 25% of required funds available UNICEF Sector/Cluster 2019 DRC HAC FUNDING UNICEF Total Cluster Total STATUS* Target Results* Target Results* Funds received Nutrition: # of children with SAM 911,907 124,888 986,708 365,444 current year: Carry- admitted for therapeutic care $38.1M forward Health: # of children in amount humanitarian situations 1,028,959 1,034,550 -
Mission D'évaluation Des Besoins Humanitaires Province Du
1 Bureau de Coordination des Affaires Humanitaires Nations Unies OCHA République Démocratique du Congo _________________________________________________ Mission d’évaluation des besoins humanitaires Province du SudKivu Mission d’évaluation des besoins humanitaires 2005 2 LE SUDKIVU La Province du Sud Kivu est située à l’Est de la République Démocratique du Congo. Elle est limitée : au Nord par la Province du Nord Kivu, à l’Est par les Républiques du Rwanda, du Burundi et de la Tanzanie, au Sud par la Province du Katanga et à l’Ouest par la Province du Maniema. Avec une superficie de 65.129 km², la Province compte 3.464.082 habitants 1 pour une densité de 53 habitants / km². Le Sud Kivu est subdivisé en huit territoires qui sont : Fizi, Idjwi, Kabare, Mwenga, Shabunda, Uvira, Walungu et Kalehe. A ces Territoires s’ajoute la ville de Bukavu avec ses trois communes : Bagira, Ibanda et Kadutu. Le relief du Sud Kivu est subdivisé en 2 ensembles : l’Est est montagneux alors que le Centre et l’Ouest sont dominés par des plateaux. On observe un bas relief dans la plaine de la Ruzizi entre Uvira et Kamanyola. Le climat est fortement influencé par l’altitude. L’est de la province jouit d’un climat de montagne où la saison sèche dure 3 à 4 mois de juin à septembre. A l’ouest (dans les territoires de Shabunda et de Mwenga), le climat est de type équatorial, par contre, la plaine de la Ruzizi connaît un microclimat. On y rencontre deux lacs : le lac Kivu au nord et le Lac Tanganyika au sud. -
Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)
Democratic Republic of the Congo Humanitarian Situation Report No. 04 © UNICEF/Kambale Reporting Period: April 2020 Highlights Situation in Numbers 9,100,000 • After 52 days without any Ebola confirmed cases, one new Ebola children in need of case was reported in Beni, North Kivu province on the 10th of April humanitarian assistance 2020, followed by another confirmed case on the 12th of April. UNICEF continues its response to the DRC’s 10th Ebola outbreak. (OCHA, HNO 2020) The latest Ebola situation report can be found following this link 15,600,000 • Since the identification of confirmed COVID-19 cases in the DRC, people in need schools have closed across the country to limit the spread of the (OCHA, HNO 2020) virus. Among other increased needs, the COVID-19 pandemic further exacerbates the significant needs in education related to access to quality education. The latest COVID-19 situation report can be found 5,010,000 following this link Internally displaced people (HNO 2020) • UNICEF has provided life-saving emergency packages in NFI/Shelter 7,702 to more than 60,000 households while ensuring COVID-19 mitigation measures. cases of cholera reported since January (Ministry of Health) UNICEF’s Response and Funding Status UNICEF Appeal 2020 14% US$ 262 million 12% 38% Funding Status (in US$) Funds 15% received Carry- $14.2 M 50% forward, $28.8M 16% 53% 34% Funding 15% gap, $220.9 M 7% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 1 Funding Overview and Partnerships UNICEF appeals for US$ 262M to sustain the provision of humanitarian services for women and children in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). -
Rapport Final Des Experts De L'onu Sur La
Nations Unies S/2012/843 Conseil de sécurité Distr. générale 15 novembre 2012 Français Original : anglais Lettre datée du 12 novembre 2012, adressée au Président du Conseil de sécurité par le Président du Comité du Conseil de sécurité créé par la résolution 1533 (2004) concernant la République démocratique du Congo Au nom du Comité du Conseil de sécurité créé par la résolution 1533 (2004) concernant la République démocratique du Congo et en application du paragraphe 4 de la résolution 2021 (2011) du Conseil de sécurité, j’ai l’honneur de vous faire tenir ci-joint le rapport final du Groupe d’experts sur la République démocratique du Congo (voir annexe). Je vous serais reconnaissant de bien vouloir porter à l’attention des membres du Conseil de sécurité le texte de la présente lettre et de son annexe et de le faire publier comme document du Conseil. (Signé) Agshin Mehdjiyev 12-59340 (F) 191112 201112 *1259340* S/2012/843 Annexe Lettre datée du 12 octobre 2012 adressée au Président du Comité du Conseil de sécurité créé par la résolution 1533 (2004) par le Groupe d’experts sur la République démocratique du Congo Les membres du Groupe d’experts sur la République démocratique du Congo ont l’honneur de transmettre ci-joint le rapport final du Groupe, établi en application du paragraphe 4 de la résolution 2021 (2011) du Conseil de sécurité. (Signé) Steven Hege (Signé) Nelson Alusala (Signé) Ruben de Koning (Signé) Marie Plamadiala (Signé) Emilie Serralta (Signé) Steven Spittaels 2 12-59340 S/2012/843 Résumé L’est de la République démocratique du Congo demeure la proie de dizaines de groupes armés congolais et étrangers. -
The Ruzizi Plain
The Ruzizi Plain A CROSSROADS OF CONFLICT AND VIOLENCE Judith Verweijen, Juvénal Twaibu, Oscar Dunia Abedi and Alexis Ndisanze Ntababarwa INSECURE LIVELIHOODS SERIES / NOVEMBER 2020 Photo cover: Bar in Sange, Ruzizi Plain © Judith Verweijen 2017 The Ruzizi Plain A CROSSROADS OF CONFLICT AND VIOLENCE Judith Verweijen, Juvénal Twaibu, Oscar Dunia Abedi and Alexis Ndisanze Ntababarwa Executive summary The Ruzizi Plain in South Kivu Province has been the theatre of ongoing conflicts and violence for over two decades. Patterns and dynamics of con- flicts and violence have significantly evolved over time. Historically, conflict dynamics have largely centred on disputed customary authority – often framed in terms of intercommunity conflict. Violence was connected to these conflicts, which generated local security dilemmas. Consequently, armed groups mobilized to defend their commu- nity, albeit often at the behest of political and military entrepreneurs with more self-interested motives. At present, however, violence is mostly related to armed groups’ revenue-generation strategies, which involve armed burglary, robbery, assassinations, kidnappings for ransom and cattle-looting. Violence is also significantly nourished by interpersonal conflicts involving debt, family matters, and rivalries. In recent years, regional tensions and the activities of foreign armed groups and forces have become an additional factor of instability. Unfortunately, stabilization interventions have largely overlooked or been unable to address these changing drivers of violence. They have mostly focused on local conflict resolution, with less effort directed at addressing supra-local factors, such as the behaviour of political elites and the national army, and geopolitical tensions between countries in the Great Lakes Region. Future stabilization efforts will need to take these dimensions better into account. -
Geographic Access to Health Facilies in North and South Kivu, Democrac
INTRODUCTION Geographic Access to Health The Democratic Republic of the Congo has experienced a decade Facilies in North and South Kivu, of conflict that has decimated health infrastructure. In much of the country, access to health sites Democrac Republic of the Congo requires a 1‐2 day walk without FINDINGS AND LIMITATIONS North Kivu roads. In the Kivus, at the epicen‐ ter of the humanitarian crisis and The analysis of the raster and town rankings found two things: first, it funding, and with the largest pop‐ identified specific physical areas (shown in shades of red and blue on left ulation outside of Kinshasa, access map) that are either accessible or inaccessible to health facilities, given lack of roads, high slope of terrain and physical distance from health struc‐ Villages in the is better but still severely lacking. Kivus ranked by While lack of data prevents us tures. The same is visualized in more detail for specific towns on the map accessibility to from knowing the type or quality on right. The two together provide a good guide to which villages and re‐ health structures of care provided at each site, with gions in the Kivus are least accessible to existing health structures. GIS we can analyze the physical There was a strong correlation between existing towns, road networks accessibility of villages to health and health structures, but a few areas (southeast area of South Kivu) did structures in North and South Kivu not correlate, suggesting either incomplete health site data or lack of ac‐ provinces. cess. If we had greater confidence in the data we could assert that these villages do not have adequate access to health facilities.