Standing Orders of the Senate Index
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Belize National Sustainable Development Report
UNCSD – Belize National Sustainable Development Report Belize National Sustainable Development Report Ministry of Forestry, Fisheries, and Sustainable Development, Belize United Nations Department of Social and Economic Affairs (UNDESA) United Nations Development Program (UNDP) ____________________________________ INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT CONSULTANTS – www.idcbz.net Page | 1 UNCSD – Belize National Sustainable Development Report TABLE OF CONTENTS Page List of Acronyms Acknowledgements 1.0. Belize Context……………………………………………………………………………………5 1.1 Geographical Location………………………………………………………………………5 1.2 Climate………………………………………………………………………………………..5 1.3 Hydrology……………………………………………………………………………………..6 1.4 Population…………………………………………………………………………………….6 1.5 Political Context……………………………………………………………………………...7 1.6 Economy……………………………………………………………………………………...7 2.0 Background and Approach………………………………………………………………………….7 3.0 Policy and Institutional Framework for Sustainable Development………………………………8 3.1 National Level………………………………………………………………………………..8 3.2 Multi-Lateral Agreements…………………………………………………………………...9 4.0 Progress to Date in Sustainable Development…………………………………………………..10 5.0 Challenges to Sustainable Development…………………………………………………………23 5.1 Environmental and Social Vulnerabilities………………………………………………..23 5.2 Natural Disasters…………………………………………………………………………...23 5.3 Climate Change…………………………………………………………………………….23 5.4 Economic Vulnerability…………………………………………………………………….24 5.5 Policy and Institutional Challenges……………………………………………………….24 6.0 Opportunities for Sustainable Development……………………………………………………..26 -
Congressional Record—Senate S8015
January 1, 2021 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S8015 Whereas, in February 2019, the Department (B) guarantee unfettered humanitarian ac- (C) support credible efforts to address the of State announced that it would withhold cess and assistance to the Northwest and root causes of the conflict and to achieve some security assistance to Cameroon, in- Southwest regions; sustainable peace and reconciliation, pos- cluding equipment and training, citing cred- (C) exercise restraint and ensure that po- sibly involving an independent mediator, and ible allegations of human rights violations litical protests are peaceful; and efforts to aid the economic recovery of and by state security forces and a lack of inves- (D) establish a credible process for an in- fight coronavirus in the Northwest and tigation, accountability, and transparency clusive dialogue that includes all relevant Southwest regions; by the Government of Cameroon in response; stakeholders, including from civil society, to (D) support humanitarian and development Whereas, on December 26, 2019, the United achieve a sustainable political solution that programming, including to meet immediate States terminated the designation of Cam- respects the rights and freedoms of all of the needs, advance nonviolent conflict resolu- eroon as a beneficiary under the African people of Cameroon; tion and reconciliation, promote economic Growth and Opportunity Act (19 U.S.C. 3701 (3) affirms that the United States Govern- recovery and development, support primary et seq.) because ‘‘the Government of -
Toolkit: Citizen Participation in the Legislative Process
This publication was made possible with financial support from the Government of Canada. About ParlAmericas ParlAmericas is the institution that promotes PARLIAMENTARY DIPLOMACY in the INTER-AMERICAN system ParlAmericas is composed of the 35 NATIONAL LEGISLATURES from North, Central and South America and the Caribbean ParlAmericas facilitates the exchange of parliamentary BEST PRACTICES and promotes COOPERATIVE POLITICAL DIALOGUE ParlAmericas mainstreams GENDER EQUALITY by advocating for women’s political empowerment and the application of a gender lens in legislative work ParlAmericas fosters OPEN PARLIAMENTS by advancing the principles of transparency, accountability, citizen participation, ethics and probity ParlAmericas promotes policies and legislative measures to mitigate and adapt to the effects ofCLIMATE CHANGE ParlAmericas works towards strengthening democracy and governance by accompanying ELECTORAL PROCESSES ParlAmericas is headquartered in OTTAWA, CANADA Table of Contents Toolkit Co-creation Plan 6 Contributors 8 Introduction 9 Objective 9 Using this Toolkit 9 Defining Citizen Participation 10 Importance of Citizen Participation 10 Participation Ladder 11 Overview of Citizen Participation in the Legislative Process 12 Developing a Citizen Participation Strategy 15 Principles of Citizen Participation 16 Resources to Support Citizen Participation 17 Educating Citizens and Promoting Participation 18 Awareness Raising Programs and Campaigns 18 Citizen Participation Offices and Communications Departments 19 Parliamentary Websites -
Supplementary – March 5 2020
BELIZE No. HR35/1/12 HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Thursday, 5 th March 2020 10:00 AM * * * S U P P L E M E N T A R Y (1) ORDERS OF THE DAY 6. Papers. No. HR247/1/12 The Nineteenth Annual Report of the Ombudsman of Belize for the Year Ending 2019. No. HR248/1/12 Ministry of Works – Corozal to Sarteneja Road Upgrading Contract No. 183. No. HR249/1/12 Ministry of Works – Sixth Road (Coastal Highway Upgrading) Project Lots 1 and 2 Consultancy Services for Engineering Supervision Phase 2 (Two) Construction and Post Construction Services Contract No. 202. No. HR250/1/12 Ministry of Works – Sixth Road (Coastal Highway Upgrading) Project Lot 1 (One) (La Democracia to Soldier Creek Bridge) Contract No. 203. No. HR251/1/12 Ministry of Works – Sixth Road (Coastal Highway Upgrading) Project Lot 2 (Two) (Soldier Creek Bridge to Coastal Highway/ Hummingbird Highway Junction) Contract No. 204. No. HR252/1/12 Ministry of Works – Caracol Road Upgrading Project Lot1a (Santa Elena To Tripartite Junction and Georgeville to Tripartite Junction) Contract No. 205. No. HR253/1/12 Ministry of Works – Caracol Road Upgrading Project Lot1b (Tripartite Junction to Blancaneaux Lodge Line) Contract No. 206. 2 12. Introduction of Bills. 1. General Revenue Appropriation (2020/2021) Bill, 2020. Bill for an Act to appropriate certain sums of money for the use of the Public Service of Belize for the financial year ending March 31, 2021. 2. Government Contracts (Validation) Bill, 2020. Bill for an Act to validate the omission by the Minister to lay government contracts on the table of both Houses of the National Assembly for examination by each House of the National Assembly, in accordance with section 19(6) of Finance and Audit (Reform) Act, Chapter 15 of the Substantive Laws of Belize, Revised Edition 2011; and to provide for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto. -
Private Lands Conservation in Belize
University of Colorado Law School Colorado Law Scholarly Commons Getches-Wilkinson Center for Natural Books, Reports, and Studies Resources, Energy, and the Environment 2004 Private Lands Conservation in Belize Joan Marsan University of Colorado Boulder. Natural Resources Law Center Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.law.colorado.edu/books_reports_studies Part of the Dispute Resolution and Arbitration Commons, Environmental Law Commons, Environmental Policy Commons, Estates and Trusts Commons, Land Use Law Commons, Legislation Commons, Natural Resources and Conservation Commons, Natural Resources Law Commons, Natural Resources Management and Policy Commons, Property Law and Real Estate Commons, and the Tax Law Commons Citation Information Joan Marsan, Private Lands Conservation In Belize (Natural Res. Law Ctr., Univ. of Colo. Sch. of Law 2004). JOAN MARSAN, PRIVATE LANDS CONSERVATION IN BELIZE (Natural Res. Law Ctr., Univ. of Colo. Sch. of Law 2004). Reproduced with permission of the Getches-Wilkinson Center for Natural Resources, Energy, and the Environment (formerly the Natural Resources Law Center) at the University of Colorado Law School. AVAILABLE ONLINE ====================; • •~ ~ ...... ~ ~ ~ .~ PRIVATE LANDS CONSERVATION IN .~ BELIZE •_. -~ • ~ .. A Country Report by the Natural Resources Law Center, ...... University of Colorado School of Law ~ 4 .~ September 2004 ~ Sponsored by The Nature Conservancy Primary Author: Joan Marsan, NRLC Research Assistant KGA [email protected] 576 • M37 2004 Private Lands -
Federalism, Bicameralism, and Institutional Change: General Trends and One Case-Study*
brazilianpoliticalsciencereview ARTICLE Federalism, Bicameralism, and Institutional Change: General Trends and One Case-study* Marta Arretche University of São Paulo (USP), Brazil The article distinguishes federal states from bicameralism and mechanisms of territorial representation in order to examine the association of each with institutional change in 32 countries by using constitutional amendments as a proxy. It reveals that bicameralism tends to be a better predictor of constitutional stability than federalism. All of the bicameral cases that are associated with high rates of constitutional amendment are also federal states, including Brazil, India, Austria, and Malaysia. In order to explore the mechanisms explaining this unexpected outcome, the article also examines the voting behavior of Brazilian senators constitutional amendments proposals (CAPs). It shows that the Brazilian Senate is a partisan Chamber. The article concludes that regional influence over institutional change can be substantially reduced, even under symmetrical bicameralism in which the Senate acts as a second veto arena, when party discipline prevails over the cohesion of regional representation. Keywords: Federalism; Bicameralism; Senate; Institutional change; Brazil. well-established proposition in the institutional literature argues that federal Astates tend to take a slow reform path. Among other typical federal institutions, the second legislative body (the Senate) common to federal systems (Lijphart 1999; Stepan * The Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa no Estado -
Côte D'ivoire Country Focus
European Asylum Support Office Côte d’Ivoire Country Focus Country of Origin Information Report June 2019 SUPPORT IS OUR MISSION European Asylum Support Office Côte d’Ivoire Country Focus Country of Origin Information Report June 2019 More information on the European Union is available on the Internet (http://europa.eu). ISBN: 978-92-9476-993-0 doi: 10.2847/055205 © European Asylum Support Office (EASO) 2019 Reproduction is authorised, provided the source is acknowledged, unless otherwise stated. For third-party materials reproduced in this publication, reference is made to the copyrights statements of the respective third parties. Cover photo: © Mariam Dembélé, Abidjan (December 2016) CÔTE D’IVOIRE: COUNTRY FOCUS - EASO COUNTRY OF ORIGIN INFORMATION REPORT — 3 Acknowledgements EASO acknowledges as the co-drafters of this report: Italy, Ministry of the Interior, National Commission for the Right of Asylum, International and EU Affairs, COI unit Switzerland, State Secretariat for Migration (SEM), Division Analysis The following departments reviewed this report, together with EASO: France, Office Français de Protection des Réfugiés et Apatrides (OFPRA), Division de l'Information, de la Documentation et des Recherches (DIDR) Norway, Landinfo The Netherlands, Immigration and Naturalisation Service, Office for Country of Origin Information and Language Analysis (OCILA) Dr Marie Miran-Guyon, Lecturer at the École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), researcher, and author of numerous publications on the country reviewed this report. It must be noted that the review carried out by the mentioned departments, experts or organisations contributes to the overall quality of the report, but does not necessarily imply their formal endorsement of the final report, which is the full responsibility of EASO. -
Belize | Freedom House
6/5/2020 Belize | Freedom House FREEDOM IN THE WORLD 2020 Belize 86 FREE /100 Political Rights 35 /40 Civil Liberties 51 /60 LAST YEAR'S SCORE & STATUS 86 /100 Free Global freedom statuses are calculated on a weighted scale. See the methodology. https://freedomhouse.org/country/belize/freedom-world/2020 1/13 6/5/2020 Belize | Freedom House Overview Belize is a democracy that has experienced regular rotations of power through competitive elections. Civil liberties are mostly respected. Government corruption is a concern, as is the high rate of violent crime. Authorities have been slow to address persistent problems of police brutality and human trafficking within the country’s borders. Key Developments in 2019 In March, the opposition People’s United Party (PUP) filed a Supreme Court claim against Prime Minister and Finance Minister Dean Barrow and an aide, for allegedly spending $645 million from Petrocaribe without parliamentary authorization. The court heard the case in November, with a ruling due in January 2020. The US State Department’s annual Trafficking in Persons Report noted two new human trafficking prosecutions, the first in four years. A long-running border dispute with Guatemala remains unresolved. In March, three Guatemalan gun boats blocked a Belize Coast Guard patrol from accessing the Sarstoon River, which is part of Belizean territory. Political Rights A. Electoral Process A1 0-4 pts Was the current head of government or other chief national authority elected through free and fair elections? 4 / 4 The prime minister, usually the leader of the largest party in the parliament, is head of government. -
General Assembly Distr
UNITED NATIONS A General Assembly Distr. GENERAL A/HRC/WG.6/5/BLZ/1 18 February 2009 Original: ENGLISH HUMAN RIGHTS COUNCIL Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review Fifth session Geneva, 4-15 May 2009 NATIONAL REPORT SUBMITTED IN ACCORDANCE WITH PARAGRAPH 15 (A) OF THE ANNEX TO HUMAN RIGHTS COUNCIL RESOLUTION 5/1 * Belize _________________________ * The present document was not edited before being sent to the United Nations translation services. GE.09- A/HRC/WG.6/5/BLZ/1 Page 2 I. INTRODUCTION AND METHODOLOGY 1. Belize is firmly committed to the protection and promotion of human rights as evidenced by its Constitution, domestic legislation, adherence to international treaties and existing national agencies and non-governmental organizations (NGOs). 2. Belizean culture, democratic history and legal tradition has infused in Belizean society and government a deep respect for those fundamental human rights articulated in Part II of the Belize Constitution. Such fundamental freedoms as the right to assembly, the right to free speech and the right to due process are vigilantly guarded by Belizeans themselves. 3. As a developing country Belize views development as inextricably bound to the fulfilment of human rights making the right to development a fundamental right itself as asserted by the Declaration on the Right to Development. Thus, the Government of Belize has consistently adopted a human rights based approach in development planning, social services and general policy formulation and execution. 4. Belize’s national report for the Universal Periodic Review has been prepared in accordance with the General Guidelines for the Preparation of Information under the Universal Periodic Review, decision 6/102, as circulated adopted by the Human Rights Council on 27 September 2007. -
Senators Phone List.Pdf
UNITED STATES SENATE INFORMATION SR—Russell Building From Outside Dial: Washington, D.C. 20510 SD—Dirksen Building Senate—224–3121 SH—Hart Building House—225–3121 117th CONGRESS From Inside Dial: 0 for Capitol Operator All telephone numbers SUITE and TELEPHONE LIST Assistance preceded by 202 prefix 9 for an Outside Line Senator Suite Phone Senator Suite Phone Vice President LEAHY, Patrick (D-VT) SR-437 4-4242 HARRIS, Kamala D. 4-2424 LEE, Mike (R-UT) SR-361A 4-5444 BALDWIN, Tammy (D-WI) SH-709 4-5653 LUJAN, Ben Ray (D-NM) SR-498 4-6621 BARRASSO, John (R-WY) SD-307 4-6441 LUMMIS, Cynthia M. (R-WY) SR-124 4-3424 BENNET, Michael F. (D-CO) SR-261 4-5852 MANCHIN III, Joe (D-WV) SH-306 4-3954 BLACKBURN, Marsha (R-TN) SD-357 4-3344 MARKEY, Edward J. (D-MA) SD-255 4-2742 BLUMENTHAL, Richard (D-CT) SH-706 4-2823 MARSHALL, Roger (R-KS) SR-479A 4-4774 BLUNT, Roy (R-MO) SR-260 4-5721 McCONNELL, Mitch (R-KY) SR-317 4-2541 BOOKER, Cory A. (D-NJ) SH-717 4-3224 MENENDEZ, Robert (D-NJ) SH-528 4-4744 BOOZMAN, John (R-AR) SH-141 4-4843 MERKLEY, Jeff (D-OR) SH-531 4-3753 BRAUN, Mike (R-IN) SR-404 4-4814 MORAN, Jerry (R-KS) SD-521 4-6521 BROWN, Sherrod (D-OH) SH-503 4-2315 MURKOWSKI, Lisa (R-AK) SH-522 4-6665 BURR, Richard (R-NC) SR-217 4-3154 MURPHY, Christopher (D-CT) SH-136 4-4041 CANTWELL, Maria (D-WA) SH-511 4-3441 MURRAY, Patty (D-WA) SR-154 4-2621 CAPITO, Shelley Moore (R-WV) SR-172 4-6472 OSSOFF, Jon (D-GA) SR-455 4-3521 CARDIN, Benjamin L. -
Unicameralism and the Indiana Constitutional Convention of 1850 Val Nolan, Jr.*
DOCUMENT UNICAMERALISM AND THE INDIANA CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION OF 1850 VAL NOLAN, JR.* Bicameralism as a principle of legislative structure was given "casual, un- questioning acceptance" in the state constitutions adopted in the nineteenth century, states Willard Hurst in his recent study of main trends in the insti- tutional development of American law.1 Occasioning only mild and sporadic interest in the states in the post-Revolutionary period,2 problems of legislative * A.B. 1941, Indiana University; J.D. 1949; Assistant Professor of Law, Indiana Uni- versity School of Law. 1. HURST, THE GROWTH OF AMERICAN LAW, THE LAW MAKERS 88 (1950). "O 1ur two-chambered legislatures . were adopted mainly by default." Id. at 140. During this same period and by 1840 many city councils, unicameral in colonial days, became bicameral, the result of easy analogy to state governmental forms. The trend was reversed, and since 1900 most cities have come to use one chamber. MACDONALD, AmER- ICAN CITY GOVERNMENT AND ADMINISTRATION 49, 58, 169 (4th ed. 1946); MUNRO, MUNICIPAL GOVERN-MENT AND ADMINISTRATION C. XVIII (1930). 2. "[T]he [American] political theory of a second chamber was first formulated in the constitutional convention held in Philadelphia in 1787 and more systematically developed later in the Federalist." Carroll, The Background of Unicameralisnl and Bicameralism, in UNICAMERAL LEGISLATURES, THE ELEVENTH ANNUAL DEBATE HAND- BOOK, 1937-38, 42 (Aly ed. 1938). The legislature of the confederation was unicameral. ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION, V. Early American proponents of a bicameral legislature founded their arguments on theoretical grounds. Some, like John Adams, advocated a second state legislative house to represent property and wealth. -
February 27, 2020 the Honorable James E. Risch Chairman, Senate Foreign Relations Committee SR-483 Russell Senate Office Building Washington, D.C
COMMITTEE ON AFRICAN AFFAIRS V ICTORIA SAFRAN CHAIR [email protected] February 27, 2020 The Honorable James E. Risch Chairman, Senate Foreign Relations Committee SR-483 Russell Senate Office Building Washington, D.C. 20510 The Honorable Bob Menendez Ranking Member, Senate Foreign Relations Committee 528 Hart Senate Office Building Washington, D.C. 20510 Re: Support for Senate Resolution 292 Dear Chairman Risch and Ranking Member Menendez: Enclosed is a report from the New York City Bar Association’s African Affairs Committee in support of Senate Resolution 292, “A resolution calling on the Government of Cameroon and armed separatist groups to respect the human rights of all Cameroonian citizens, to end all violence, and to pursue an inclusive dialogue to resolve the conflict in the Northwest and Southwest regions.” Cameroon is in the midst of a humanitarian and political crisis. Passage of this Senate Resolution is an important step in underscoring U.S. support for peace, human rights, and democratic principles both in the region and in the broader international community. Thank you for your consideration. Respectfully, Victoria Safran Chair, African Affairs Committee cc: Members of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee THE ASSOCIATION OF THE BAR OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK 42 West 44th Street, New York, NY 10036 212.382.6600 | www.nycbar.org CONTACT POLICY DEPARTMENT ELIZABETH KOCIENDA 212.382.4788 | [email protected] MARY MARGULIS-OHNUMA 212.382.6767 | [email protected] REPORT BY THE AFRICAN AFFAIRS COMMITTEE S. Res. 292 Sen. Cardin A resolution calling on the Government of Cameroon and armed separatist groups to respect the human rights of all Cameroonian citizens, to end all violence, and to pursue an inclusive dialogue to resolve the conflict in the Northwest and Southwest regions.