Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(6): 3886-3893 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 6 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Review Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.906.458 Screening of Field Bean Genotypes against Major Pod Borers K.M. Rashmi1, K.N. Muniswamy Gowda2, N. Umashankar Kumar2, B. Tambat2 and L. Vijayakumar1 1College of Agriculture, VC form Mandya, India 2College of Agriculture, Karekere, Hassan-573 225, India *Corresponding author ABSTRACT K e yw or ds Among the thirty field bean genotypes screened against pod borers, no Screening, Field single entry was found to be highly resistant and five genotypes were bean, Genotypes, pod borers, Mandya identified as resistant (GL-661, GL-12, GL-418, GL-438 and GL-382). Article Info Whereas, thirteen genotypes were categorized as moderately resistant. Susceptible group of field bean cultivars comprised of seven genotypes and Accepted: 30 May 2020 highly susceptible group contained 5 genotypes (HA-3, Local, GL-10, GL- Available Online: 68 and HA -4). 10 Ju ne 2020 Introduction 55 species of insects and one species of mite feeding on the crop from seedling stage till Lablab purpureus (L.) commonly called as the harvest in Karnataka. field bean is one of the ancient leguminous crops cultivated mainly in southern parts of Among sucking pests lablab bug, Coptosoma India. Though the crop is cultivated in almost cribraria (Fabricius), Riptortus pedestris all regions of Karnataka, it is highly grown as (Fabricius) and Nezara viridula (Linnaeus) a mixed crop with finger millet and sorghum occurred commonly in large numbers and to a smaller extent as a pure crop under throughout the cropping period (Govindan, rainfed as well as irrigated conditions. The 1974). The significant crop damage was damage by insect pests is considered as one of attributed to the pod borer complex including the major drawbacks in achieving the Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner), Adisura potential yield in field bean. Many number of atkinsoni (Moore), Maruca testulalis (Geyer), pests severely ravage the buds, flowers and Etiella zinckenella (Treitschke), Cydia developing seeds of bean crop resulting in ptychora (Meyrick), Exelastis atomosa crop loss. Govindan (1974) reported around (Walshinghan), Sphenarches caffer (Zeller) 3886 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(6): 3886-3893 and Lampides boeticus (Linnaeus) and During the period of study, incidence of Callosobruchus theobromae (L.) which are of prevalent pod borers were recorded on 5 considerable importance causing 80 per cent randomly tagged plants of each genotype in pod damage (Katagihallimath and Siddappaji, each row from flowering till harvest at 10 1962). The inflorescence is attacked by days interval and cumulative data were several species of borers, of which E. expressed as incidence of insect pests on atomosa, A. atkinsoni and H. armigera have inflorescence and pods. Based on the been considered as major pests. Currently, infestation levels genotypes were selected for spotted borer, M. vitrata is attaining a major further determination of biochemical and pest status on Lablab varieties, blooming parameters of pods. throughout the year. The seed yield loss caused by A. atkinsoni has reported to be At the time of harvest, data on total number of more than 95 per cent (Chakravarthy, 1983) pods and number of damaged pods in five and pod damage, more than 49.43 per cent plants in each genotype was recorded and per (Mallikarjunappa, 1989). cent pod damage was computed by using following formula. By considering the seriousness of damage Percentage pod damage = caused by the pod borers it is felt necessary to find efficient and precise control measures. Total number of damaged pods Since, L. purpureus is a vegetable crop, the ----------------------------------------X 100 eco-friendly suppression methods like the use Total number of pods of resistant varieties and application of need- based pesticides based on information of Further, based on the per cent pod damage insect-pest dynamics should be adopted. inflicted by pod borers, the genotypes were grouped into different categories of resistance Host plant resistance remains the most and susceptibility. The mean and standard effective tool in integrated pest management deviation (SD) of per cent pod damage was which is compatible with other methods of worked out. The classification of genotypes control without any additional cost to growers was done based on mean ± SD as mentioned (Nadeem et al., 2010). Hence the present below (Rudranaik et al., 2009 and research was undertaken to screen field bean Mallikarjuna, 2009). genotypes against major pod borers. Highly resistant: Genotypes with per cent pod Materials and Methods damage less than mean-2(SD). To evaluate the reaction of field bean Resistant: Genotypes with per cent pod genotypes to pod borer complex, 30 damage between mean-2(SD) and meanSD germplasm including popular variety (HA-4 and HA-3) and local cultivar of field bean Moderately resistant: Genotypes with per cent were sown in Rabi season in October 2017. pod damage between mean-SD and mean. Each genotype was sown in two rows of 2 m length with a row to row spacing of 60 cm Susceptible: Genotypes with per cent pod and plant to plant spacing of 20 cm. All the damage between mean and mean+SD. recommended package of practices was followed to raise the crop except for the plant Highly Susceptible: Genotypes with per cent protection measures. pod damage between mean+SD and mean+2(SD) and above. 3887 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(6): 3886-3893 Results and Discussion Also, Umbarkar et al., (2011) reported that among the ten genotypes of green gram The larval population of major pod borers screened for their reaction to gram pod borer, viz., E. atomosa and H. armigera were H. armigera, GM-2K-5, GM- 9926 and GM- recorded only during Rabi since the 2K-3 harboring less number of larvae per population of A. atkinsoni and M. vitrata were plant were found less susceptible than sparsely distributed. The data on mean genotypes, GM-02-13 and GM-04-04 number of larvae of E. atomosa and H. harboring highest number of larvae per plant. armigera per plant (Table 1 and 2, respectively) indicated that none of the Per cent pod damage inflicted by pod borer genotypes / cultivars was found free from complex in different genotypes of field incidence of the pests. bean during Rabi 2017-18 However, the genotype GL-661 that recorded The harvested pods of different genotypes the lowest larval population of E. atomosa were assessed for the damage caused by pod (0.60 larvae/ plant) was considered to be the borers. Data on per cent pod damage was least susceptible. In addition GL-12 (0.79 estimated in all thirty genotypes of field bean larvae/ plant) and GL-418 (0.81 larvae/ plant) and presented in Table 3. were found at par showing less susceptible reactions. The genotypes HA-4, Local, HA-3, The pod damage caused by pod borers among GL-10, GL-68 and GL-66 with highest larval the cultivars was significant and ranged from population of 2.11, 2.04, 1.98, 1.86, 1.86 and 11.67 per cent to 51.4 per cent. The results 1.86 per plant, respectively were considered showed that GL-661 recorded the least as highly susceptible (Table 1). damage (11.67 %) and was found to be superior over other genotypes. It was Similarly, the genotype GL-661 that recorded followed by GL-12 (14.38 %) and this was on the lowest larval population of H. armigera par with the GL-418 (16.17 %), GL-438 (0.05 larvae/ plant) was considered to be the (17.11 %) and GL-382 (17.99 %). least susceptible. In addition GL12 (0.08 larvae/ plant), GL-418 (0.08 larvae/ plant) and Among other cultivars which recorded less GL-658 (0.09 larvae/ plant) were found at par per cent pod damage was GL-331 (20.67 %) showing less susceptible reactions. The and it was found to be on par with GL-658, genotypes HA-4, GL-68, HA-3, GL10, Local GL-464 and GL-391 these cultivars recorded and GL-66 with highest larval population of pod damage of 22.22, 22.88 and 22.94 per 0.37, 0.32, 0.29, 0.27, 0.26 and 0.25 per plant, cent, respectively. respectively were considered as highly susceptible (Table 2). The higher per cent pod damage was observed in HA-4 (51.4 %) which was on par with GL- The present findings are similar to Halder and 68 (51.02 %). The higher per cent pod Srinivasan (2010) who reported that the damage was also observed in GL10, Local genotypes light brown local, HA-3 and HA-1 and HA-3 with 48.21, 47.91 and 46.83 per harboured highest number of spotted pod cent, respectively. The remaining cultivars borer larvae which were highly susceptible. recorded per cent pod damage ranged from Whereas, the resistant genotypes H-3 UAS 24.84 per cent in GL-336 and 35.53 per cent and GP-5 harbored less number of larvae. in GL-376. 3888 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(6): 3886-3893 Table.1 Incidence of plume moth, E. atomosa in different genotypes of field bean Sl. Genotypes Average no. of larvae per plant No. 50 DAS 60 DAS 70 DAS 80 DAS 90 DAS 100 DAS Mean 1 Ha-4 0.30 (0.89) 0.50 (1.00) 0.80 (1.14) 0.40 (0.95) 0.10 (0.77) 0.10 (0.77) 0.37 (0.93) 2 Ha-3 0.30 (0.89) 0.40 (0.95) 0.55 (1.02) 0.40 (0.95) 0.10 (0.77) 0.00 (0.71) 0.29 (0.89) 3 KNR 0.10 (0.77) 0.20 (0.84) 0.30 (0.89) 0.30 (0.89) 0.20 (0.84) 0.00 (0.71) 0.18 (0.82) 4 GL-10 0.10 (0.77) 0.20 (0.84) 0.30 (0.89) 0.50 (1.00) 0.50 (1.00) 0.00 (0.71) 0.27 (0.88) 5 GL-12 0.00 (0.71) 0.00 (0.71) 0.20 (0.84) 0.20 (0.84) 0.10 (0.77) 0.00 (0.71)