08554 Geologists Mag Vol 12 No. 2_mag41.qxd 28/05/2013 15:06 Page 1

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The Association Obituary Council 2013/4 - Notice of SGM Our First President Proposed Rule amendments CORRECTION Future meetings GA Excursion to Vienna April Lecture Dorking Museum Presidential Address Guide Review Awards 2013 Proposed New Zealand Field Trip Crested china Rockwatch News Durham Meeting Curry Fund Report Circular Crossword Volcanoes Field Trip part 2 Research Awards Code of Conduct Bracklesham Bay 08554 Geologists Mag Vol 12 No. 2_mag41.qxd 28/05/2013 15:06 Page 2

Published by the Geologists’ Association. Magazine of the Geologists’ Four issues per year. ISSN 1476-7600 Association Production team: JOHN CROCKER, Jon Trevelyan, John Cosgrove, Roger Volume 12, No 2, 2013 Dixon, Vanessa Harley. Printed by City Print, Milton Keynes

The GEOLOGISTS’ ASSOCIATION does not accept any responsibility for views CONTENTS and opinions expressed by individual authors in this magazine. 3/4 The Association 4 Council 2013/14 - Notice of SGM The Geologists’ Association 5 Proposed Rule amendments 6 Future meetings Founded in 1858 The Geologists’ Association serves the interests of both 7 April Lecture professional and amateur geologists, as well as making geology available to 8 Presidential Address a wider public. It is a national organisation based in London, but is 9 Awards 2013 represented by local and affiliated groups around the country. 10 Crested china The GA holds monthly lecture meetings, publishes a journal and geological guides and organises field excursions both in the UK and abroad. 11 Durham Meeting 13 Circular Subscriptions are renewed annually on November 1. 18 Volcanoes Field Trip part 2 You can join the GA on-line on our website 23 Code of Conduct Bracklesham Bay www.geologistsassociation.org.uk/JoiningtheGA.html. 23 Obituary By phone 020 7434 9298 or by post to Sarah Stafford, Executive Secretary, 24 Our First President The Geologists’ Association, Burlington House, Piccadilly, London W1J 0DU. 24 CORRECTION President: Professor Rory Mortimore 25 GA Excursion to Vienna Executive Secretary: Sarah Stafford 27 Dorking Museum 28 Guide Review Useful Email contacts 28 Proposed New Zealand Field Trip President: [email protected] 29 Rockwatch News Executive Secretary:[email protected] 30 Curry Fund Report Field Meetings: [email protected] 31 Crossword Awards: [email protected] 32 Research Awards Festival of Geology: [email protected] Conference: [email protected] GA Magazine (articles): [email protected] Research Awards GA Guides: [email protected] Deadlines Earth Heritage: [email protected] 15 February and 15 September Curry Fund: [email protected] [email protected] Rockwatch (junior club of the GA): [email protected] © The Geologists’ Association. All rights reserved. No part of this Curry Fund Dates for 2013 publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form Applications to Committee or by any means, without the prior to be received by Date permission in writing of the author and the February 20 March 8 Geologists’ Association. May 20 June 14 August 20 September 13 LAST Copy dates for the Circular & November 20 December 13 Magazine [email protected] March Issue January 14 June Issue April 22 September Issue July 22 Cover picture: December Issue October 21

Items should be submitted as soon as Fire fountaining at Stromboli – possible and not targeted on these dates. We welcome contributions from Members and painting done in the field others. see article on field trip page 18 [email protected]

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giving talks to the Hassocks Field Now that the Annual Report has FROM THE PRESIDENT Society on 11th February, a talk been approved, it is available on the entitled South Georgia to the South website. This year we were able to Downs (more than 150 attended), and send out nearly half electronically thus to the Mole Valley Group on the saving the Association a considerable The highlight of any year is provided th by the GA awards and it was a great Geology of Stonehenge on 11 April. amount in postage. I sent out a letter pleasure to present the awards at the The enthusiasm for geology in the local with the Report telling members of the AGM in May. Congratulations to all the groups is always very impressive and username and password to be able to recipients they are listed elsewhere in thanks to both groups for the welcome access GA lectures online. This facility this issue of the GA Magazine. It is a they gave me. is only available to GA members. We are aware that some electronic particular joy to see excellent students, The Oxford Geology Colloquium deliveries of the Annual Report were often struggling to meet the costs of organised by the Oxford Geology blocked by spam filters. If you didn’t studying, receiving substantial awards Group and the Oxford University receive the password, please contact from the GA for their excellent work Natural History Museum and supported Sarah Stafford in the office and she which will help them through their by the GA was a great success and will send it to you. If you find that your courses. congratulations to Paul Sargent and all Report is still sitting in your spam, those involved at Oxford. Also many I would like to make special mention of please can you alter the filter to allow thanks to Sarah Stafford and Diana our new Honorary Life Members, Susan GA messages through. Clements for making the GA stand so Brown, Eric Robinson and Joe Collins. Subscriptions have not been raised welcoming and encouraging. Can there be more deserving GA since 2005. The GA has contained members that we should recognise in Other events to keep in your diary are subsequent inflation costs of 27.5%, this way? All three have made lifetime the joint GA/GSL symposium on the until now. However, significantly contributions to the activities of the GA Hertfordshire Puddingstone and Sarsen increased printing and distribution and all three sent in wonderful letters Stones in May 2014 which has now costs necessitate an adjustment to GA of acceptance. been firmed up to include a day of subscriptions in 2014. The new subscriptions will reflect the option to Following on from the February Report lectures at Burlington House on Friday th receive the PGA in electronic it is good to be able to report that Paul 16 May 2014 followed up by a field th format, beginning next January; we Olver, Haydon Bailey and Paul Sargent trip to Hertfordshire on Saturday 17 hope this will be a popular move and met to take forward a key idea for the and then to France to see Sarsens and we encourage members to take this future of making geology more Puddingstones in the area near Dieppe th th option in order to protect both the GA accessible to new GA members or on the 18 and 19 November. and its members from rising costs. For those with little or no geological The AGM is the time of year when those who prefer paper copies, the knowledge. It is also good to see that elections to Council take place. A increase will be less than half the the GA lectures are now on-line for special thanks go to the retiring inflation rate for the intervening years. members (the user name and officers and council members; Senior A direct link for each edition will be e- password were sent with the Annual VP Professor David Bridgland (who will mailed to members who opt to receive Report). A big thank you to Sarah remain as GA Earth Heritage the PGA on-line. For full details of the Stafford, Barbara Silva and Gary Representative); Dr Mike Ridd (he proposed new subscription rates see Jensen at the Geological Society for remains as Overseas Field Trip Sec.) page 4. These proposals must be supporting this and overcoming various and to retiring Council Members approved at a Special General Meeting technical issues. Andrew Ashley, Chris Woolston and which will take place at 6 pm on Getting the message about the GA David Greenwood for all their work on 5th July before the monthly talk. Also, beyond the relatively small geological your behalf. we propose to tidy up a few of the community has been made much We welcome the newly elected officers, Rules that were ambiguous and to easier through running the GA Dr Haydon Bailey Senior Vice President extend ‘Student Rates’ for conferences and the next GA (co-opted October 2012), Colin Prosser subscriptions to include young people st nd conference in Durham on 21 -22 who remains VP to keep continuity under 26, see details on page 5. September 2013 on ‘Onshore and with Elsevier negotiations, and Leanne Options for publication of the GA Offshore Geology: the vital link’ has Hughes who is a newly elected Vice Magazine, including electronic proved to be particularly useful in this President. The other new Council publication, are being explored by our respect. The financial support for the Members are Nikki Edwards and Paul new editor, Paul Sargent, and will be conference through sponsorship from a Sargent (co-opted February 2013 to be discussed further by the Publications range of companies and government GA Magazine editor). Committee in June. departments is exceeding expectations The Hertfordshire Geological Society and allows us to keep the registration Also retiring is Dr John Crocker with a has requested to become a Local costs down for GA members and special thank you for his 11 years as Group of the GA. As they have over 12 students. It has also brought the General Secretary and many years as members who are also members of the relevance of the GA to the attention of Editor of the GA Magazine. Association they are welcomed by these organisations. Lesley Dunlop and Council. The advantage is that they do a team at Durham University and the not have to pay the affiliation fee. Any Northeast groups are looking forward other locally-based groups who also to welcoming you to Durham in General Secretary’s Report have more than 12 members would be September. We have an excellent welcome to apply for Local Group range of talks and follow-up field trips Following the AGM on 3rd May, a full status. Just send the list of names to (see the flyer in this issue of the list of the current Council can be found Sarah Stafford in the GA office. For Magazine and on the GA website with on p.2. those who are already Local Groups, the booking form). For convenience, A total of 10 awards were presented please check that you still have the 12 the booking form is also printed on at the AGM including 3 Honorary Life members required to qualify. thenback of the address sheet. Memberships to Susan Brown, Eric The GA has been out and about over the past few months. In March we had Keeping in touch with the great variety Robinson and Joe Collins. Full details of a stand at the Oxford Colloquium and of local and affiliated groups is these can be found on page 9. essential and it has been a pleasure continued on page 4...... Magazine of the Geologists’ Association Vol. 12, No. 2, 2013 3 08554 Geologists Mag Vol 12 No. 2_mag41.qxd 28/05/2013 15:06 Page 4

Secretary’s report continued...... COUNCIL MAY 2013 – May 2014

in May we attended the Lyme Officers: President: Professor Rory Mortimore; Regis Fossil Festival where we Senior Vice-President: Dr Haydon Bailey; launched the new Bristol Guide. Vice Presidents: Dr Colin Prosser, Miss Leanne Hughes; The Rockwatch activities were as popular as ever (Rockwatch is the Treasurer: Dr Graham Williams; Junior Club of the GA). There will General Secretary: Mrs Diana Clements. be other opportunities to buy our Guides direct at this year’s GA Conference in Durham (Onshore Postholders: Minutes Secretary: Mr Roger Le Voir; Meetings and Offshore Geology, the vital Secretary: Dr Michael Oates; Field Meetings Secretary: Mr link; September 21st) and the GA Festival of Geology on 2nd Geoff Swann; Overseas Field Meetings Secretary: Dr Michael November. Ridd; Guides Editor: Professor Susan Marriott; GA Magazine Our profuse apologies to Ellis Owen’s friends and family for the Editors: Mr Paul Austin Sargent, Professor John Cosgrove; error in the March edition of the Earth Heritage Representative: Professor David Bridgland; GA Magazine. Ellis’s name was GA Archivist: Dr Jonathan Larwood; Librarian: Miss Elaine inadvertently deleted from his obituary. Instead of Frederick Bimpson; Awards Panel Secretary: Mrs Barbara Cumbers; Owen in the title and in the first Membership Team Chairman: Dr Paul Olver; Rockwatch sentence they should have read Ellis Frederick Owen. Chairman: Mrs Susan Brown

Diana Clements Non-Council Postholders: Proceedings Editor: Professor Jim Rose.

Ordinary Members of Council: Mr Anthony Brook, Ms Nikki Edwards, Professor Richard Howarth, Mr Peter Riches, Mr Paul Winrow. Executive Committee: Officers, Mrs Sarah Stafford.

NOTICE OF SPECIAL GENERAL MEETING OF THE GEOLOGISTS’ ASSOCIATION

This is to give notice that there will be a Special General Meeting of the Geologists’ Association at 6 pm on Friday 5th July 2013 at Burlington House, London.

Agenda To approve the revised subscription rates (see below) To revise the Rules of the Geologists’ Association (details see page 5.)

Proposed Subscription Rates applicable from November 2013

Full rate including paper copies of PGA 45.00 Full rate with electronic copies of PGA 35.00 Reduced rate without PGA (Associate) 30.00 Students and Young Persons under 26 with electronic copies of PGA 20.00 Joint rate including paper copies of PGA 60.00 Joint rate with electronic copies of PGA 50.00

Affiliated Societies 40.00

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GEOLOGISTS’ ASSOCIATION Proposed Rule amendments for approval at the Special General Meeting on 5th July 2013

3.5 STUDENT MEMBERS Such action shall require a vote of a two GA RESEARCH AWARDS AND NEW Individuals who have not yet reached thirds majority of the Council members RESEARCHERS SCHEME REGULATIONS their nineteenth birthday or who are in present at a meeting, the agenda for AND PROCEDURES APPLICABLE TO ALL full-time education may apply for Student which shall carry the item “Removal of a RESEARCH AWARDS Membership. They shall pay a reduced Member”. No Member may be so 5. The GA will not consider Subscription but shall have the same removed unless prior notice has been retrospective applications, i.e. to support rights as Full Members. sent to that Member of the intention of activities that will already have occurred To Read: the Council to proceed against that prior to the deadline date. 3.5 STUDENTS AND YOUNG PERSONS Member under this Rule and of the 6. Where indicated in their award UNDER 26 nature of the charges made against that letter, successful applicants must submit Individuals who have not yet reached Member; opportunity shall be afforded to a written report (suitable for publication their twentysixth birthday or who are in that Member to answer the charges, and in the GA Magazine) and/or a statement full-time education may apply for Student to explain the conduct objected to, in of expenditure, by a specified deadline. and Young Persons Membership. They advance of that Council meeting. 7. Successful applicants who do not shall pay a reduced Subscription but shall provide the written reports requested have the same rights as Full Members 6. ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTIONS cannot be considered for future awards except that they may only receive 6.3 Any Member whose Annual until their reports have been received. electronic versions of GA publications Subscription has not been received by 1st 8. Successful candidates cannot be where applicable. April of the year for which the considered for further awards until 12 Subscription falls due shall forfeit the months have elapsed following receipt of 4. ADMISSION AND REMOVAL OF right to receive the Association’s their written report and/or statement of MEMBERS publications. If such a Member shall expenses 4.1 Every candidate for admission to seek restoration to the list of those who 9. The financial support from the GA Membership of the Association shall receive publications, the Member shall be shall be acknowledged in any publication, complete an application form and return required to pay a restoration fee to be poster or presentation arising from it together with the appropriate Annual determined from time to time at the funded activities Subscription to the Association’s office. Annual General Meeting or at a Special To read: 4.2 A candidate applying for Membership General Meeting. 5. Normally awards and grants are shall be considered by the Council at its To read: made to those whose place of work or next meeting following receipt of the 6.3 Any Member whose Annual study is in the UK or at a UK university. completed application form accompanied 6. The GA will not consider Subscription has not been received by 1st by the first Annual Subscription and shall retrospective applications, i.e. to support March of the year for which the be proposed for admission at the activities that will already have occurred Subscription applies shall forfeit the right following Ordinary Meeting. prior to the deadline date. to receive the Association’s publications 4.3 If there is an objection to the 7. Where indicated in their award in paper format. admission of any candidate to letter, successful applicants must submit Membership, the candidate may reapply a written report (suitable for publication 9. MEETINGS for admission at a subsequent Ordinary in the GA Magazine) and/or a statement 9.4 Special General Meetings shall be Meeting. of expenditure, by a specified deadline. held as Council determines, or within a 4.4 Any Member whose conduct is, in the 8. Successful applicants who do not reasonable time following receipt by opinion of Council, prejudicial to the provide the written reports requested Council of a requisition signed by not less interests of the Association, may be cannot be considered for future awards than twelve Members. In either case a removed from the Association by Council. until their reports have been received. printed notice giving the date and the Such action shall require a vote of a two 9. Successful candidates cannot be object of the Special General Meeting thirds majority of the Council members considered for further awards until 12 shall be notified to members, normally by present at a meeting, the agenda for months have elapsed following receipt of publishing in the GA Magazine, not less which shall carry the item “Removal of a their written report and/or statement of than fourteen days before such Meeting; Member”. No Member may be so expenses and no business shall be considered at removed unless prior notice has been 10. The financial support from the such Meeting except that for which it was sent to that Member of the intention of GA shall be acknowledged in any convened. the Council to proceed against that publication, poster or presentation arising To read: Member under this Rule and of the from funded activities 9.4 Special General Meetings shall nature of the charges made against that be held as Council determines, or within Member; opportunity shall be afforded to THE IVOR TUPPER FUND OF THE a reasonable time following receipt by that Member to answer the charges, and GEOLOGISTS’ ASSOCIATION Council of a requisition signed by not less to explain the conduct objected to, in nd th than twelve Members. In either case a (for students in 2 -4 years) advance of that Council meeting. notice giving the date and the object of 2. The fund is designed to give To read: the Special General Meeting shall be financial assistance – a single award 4.0 ADMISSION AND REMOVAL OF notified to members, normally by normally of £2000 cash annually – to a MEMBERS publishing in the GA Magazine, not less deserving undergraduate in their second, 4. Every candidate for admission to than fourteen days before such Meeting; third or fourth year at university, Membership of the Association shall and no business shall be considered at studying Geology or Earth Sciences. complete an application form and return such Meeting except that for which it was To read: it together with the appropriate Annual convened. 2. The fund is designed to give Subscription to the Association’s office. financial assistance – a single award Delete paragraphs 4.2 and 4.3 completely normally of £2000 cash annually – to a 4.2 Any Member whose conduct is, in the deserving undergraduate in their second, opinion of Council, prejudicial to the third or fourth year at a UK university, interests of the Association, may be studying Geology or Earth Sciences. removed from the Association by Council.

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July Meeting has changed from a paper process to an entirely digital one. Traditionally the geologist was armed with a paper ‘fieldslip’. Today however geologists Leanne Hughes are using a computerised mapping tablet similar to an iPad to record BGS their data. This is known as the BGS SIGMA system, the computer has Friday 5 July inbuilt features such as GPS, sketch tool, photograph annotation tool and Geological Society, layers of topographic maps and Burlington House, Piccadilly, W1V 0JU photographs. The data collected in at 6.00 pm, tea at 5.30 pm the field can then be easily converted “Traditional paper mapping” into whichever format is needed. 185 years ago BGS geologists started Often this format will now be a colouring in selected sections of their digital, 3D, geological model, as well maps to represent the different rocks as a 2D map. Not only has the which lay beneath their feet. Today mapping gone digital but the geologists at the British Geological distribution of the final maps has Survey continue to collect data to taken the leap into the age of the develop the next 3 dimensional iPhone too. Now anybody anywhere generation of geological output. The in the country can download the physical process of mapping remains latest geological information about largely the same - several things the rocks which lie directly beneath however are massively different, no their feet straight on to the screen of doubt as a result of the industrial and their phone. This year, the very first technological revolutions. The geological lines and colours will be Sigma system in use greatest change has been downloaded into this national digital technological. The method of map (digmap) that have never seen a recording the mapped information piece of paper.

September - No lecture BUT 2013 Annual Meeting “Onshore and Offshore Geology the vital link” Durham University Saturday 21 September Annual Meeting Sunday 22 September Field Trips For more information see [email protected] Details on pages 11 and 12 Application form on the back of the address label

Friday November 1 - Local Groups Meeting Saturday November 2 Festival of Geology - University College London Sunday November 3 Festival Field Trips More details in the next magazine

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APRIL LECTURE

A Holostratigraphic approach to fields. Background hemipelagic sedimentation is reflected by the the Chalk of the Central presence of periodite deposits, Graben, North Sea Norway comprising stacks of carbonate and argillite-rich couplets, occasionally Haydon Bailey, Matthew punctuated by still stands marked by Hampton and Liam Gallagher well defined hardgrounds. In addition, a full range of allochthonous/remobilised Network Stratigraphic deposits are also encountered from Consulting Ltd. coarse debris flows, through large scale slumps to distal mud clouds. These It’s essential before starting this talk were logged in detail in order to put the to define what we mean by associated biostratigraphic data into ‘holostratigraphic’. The Quaternary context. Research Association definition is: What can we do with the microfossils? ...bringing together every possible method to produce an integrated The nannoplankton and foraminifera the seismic interpretation allowed the correlation that may have a much can be used to define marker events for widescale mapping of formational units higher resolution than any one method correlation and units which carry across the region which was impossible alone can provide. precise ages. Having established the from the stratigraphic analysis of chronostratigraphy, time slices can be individual wells. In essence the results of a holistic selected which are used as mapping approach should be greater than the horizons. Re-interpretation of the wireline log sum of its parts. In the present study, data for each well was also undertaken, carried out over the Eldfisk structure, in In addition to assisting in the using the new lithostratigraphy and the Norwegian sector of the North Sea, definition of the stratigraphy, updated biostratigraphic results. The we utilised a combination of foraminifera also have the potential to resulting well interpretations were lithostratigraphy, biostratigraphy, be used in palaeoenvironmental plotted onto well summary logs which lithofacies, petrophysics, geophysics, interpretations. Whilst acknowledging were then correlated following different biofacies and event stratigraphy. The that a whole range of criteria need to be seismic lines, thereby allowing direct operators for the Eldfisk chalk reservoir, considered, including water mass comparison of the different datasets. ConocoPhillips, intended to initiate a oxygenation and mass movement, Unconformities could be identified and water injection programme to enhance palaeotemperatures, palaeocurrent section loss and/or gain calculated hydrocarbon recovery, but before doing data, faunal feeding mechanisms and against an absolute timescale. sediment reworking, different benthonic so needed to understand more fully the The end product deeper controls and history of the foraminiferal groups are used to define structure in order to control this biofacies groups which principally Finally, the structural history effectively. reflect water depth. Models established emerging for Eldfisk from the range of in Late Cretaceous sequences in other disciplines applied was compared with Getting the nomenclature right. areas of the North Atlantic were applied the eustatic sea-level curve for the Late to the assemblages recorded across The chalk lithostratigraphic Cretaceous and against known tectonic Eldfisk. Taking well defined time slices, terminology widely in use before this events. It became apparent that normal depth variations were mapped across study was outdated and inadequate for sedimentary cycles could be recognised the structure that illustrates changes the purposes of the project. Fortunately in the eastern part of the field, although through time. Similar shifts in structural an updated and better defined scheme structural movements had been growth and the development of (Fritsen, 1999) was available and it was superimposed in this area, particularly accommodation space for deposition decided to use this herein. during the Maastrichtian and Danian. could also be recognised from the Conversely, in the crestal region a more In addition it was important to define seismic mapping hence a structural complex history occurred, with the biostratigraphic elements of the history for the field was developed. progressive tectonic movements along stratigraphic model using the various Seismic and petrophysical fault lines causing erosion and sediment microfossils available, principally interpretations redeposition. calcareous nannoplankton, planktonic and benthonic foraminifera and Whist the biostratigraphic analyses A comprehensive understanding of radiolaria. The resulting stratigraphic and interpretations were being carried Eldfisk structural development during model is based on detailed analytical out simultaneous geophysical the Late Cretaceous - Paleocene interval studies carried out over thirty years, interpretations was being undertaken has been established. This could not together with any relevant published by ConocoPhillips staff. An iterative have been achieved by any single onshore data. However, the stratigraphy process was established with both discipline, but evolved from the of every hydrocarbon structure is groups ‘feeding’ off each other’s data. application of a holostratigraphic unique so a field specific model also has The seismic interpretations were approach. to be developed that can then be hindered by a gas cloud within compared directly to the regional sediments overlying the structural crest stratigraphic framework. developed along the Lindesnes Ridge. Haydon Bayley However, wells drilled in this seismically What sort of chalk do we see? obscured area were analysed The chalk lithologies encountered are biostratigraphically and results from the similar to those seen in most North Sea two disciplines integrated. Conversely, Magazine of the Geologists’ Association Vol. 12, No. 2, 2013 7 08554 Geologists Mag Vol 12 No. 2_mag41.qxd 28/05/2013 15:06 Page 8

Presidential Address May 2013 by Rory Mortimore

A walk on the Chalk Side: An have been the whole story as global exploration of the mysteries of the sea-levels continued to rise into the European Chalk Late Campanian and the Maastrichtian. Rory began by identifying the These were periods of reduced ‘normal’ mysteries as some of the most often rates of crustal production and sea asked ‘big’ questions about the Chalk. temperatures were also reducing! Rory Such seemingly simple questions are suggested that serpentinization of new also some of the most difficult to oceanic crust should be investigated as answer! another possible cause of high sea- Why is chalk such a persistent facies levels. Hydration and serpentinization across vast areas of the globe? of ultrabasic rocks lead to volume Where has all the chalk come from? increase and lower density creating Why is the chalk white? uplift, a process possibly accelerated by Nor.dwestfӓlische-Lippsche Schwelle, a Where has flint come from? seismic pumping on low-angle faults at sea-bed high controlled by faulting How is it that flint bands can be mid-ocean-ridges. A further question along the Osning Thrust Zone. traced 100s kms? that needs answering is the length of Rory then turned his attention to the What controlled the location and time such alteration processes continue Harz MassifMassif with its Subhercynian scale of mobile chalks and slump beds? after formation at mid-ocean ridges. Cretaceous Basin in the Harz Foreland. Only those questions highlighted Where did all the chalk (carbonate) This is the area where Stille’s 1924 were dealt with this year. An attempt come from? Upper Cretaceous Ilsede and would be made to answer the High sea levels explain the potential Wernigerode Subhercynian Tectonic remaining questions next year! for the extent of nannoplankton blooms Phases were first recognised and Rory Why is chalk such a persistent facies but not the reason(s) for them. What used Voigt’s, 1929 idealised section across vast areas of the globe? got the vast quantity of calcareous through the Harz Foreland to illustrate Rory took as his starting point Derek nannoplankton going? Modern-day the growth of faulting and uplift that Ager’s observation in The Nature of the blooms are considered to be controlled produced a succession of overturned Stratigraphical Record (Ager, 1973) by nutrient supply, oxygen, beds onto which the next Upper that the Chalk was an excellent temperature, predation and water Cretaceous sediments were deposited. example of the persistence of facies. In chemistry. Using NOAA satellite Like the Mϋnster Basin Osning Fault 1957 Ager had noted that white imagery modern Calcareous Zone, the Harz fault controlled this limestones with chert nodules in the nannoplankton blooms were illustrated sequence of synsedimentary angular white cliffs at Şile on the Black Sea, for the Bering Sea and the Western unconformities. These same tectonic were really white chalk with black flints Approaches. These modern-day blooms events were further illustrated by the containing familiar Chalk fossils, are nothing like as extensive or evolution of the Lehrte Salt Plug. a including Micraster and Echinocorys. continuous as those that must have typical example of the uplift on a salt Rory illustrated support for Ager’s developed during the whole of the Late dome during the Late Turonian and/or observations in papers from the former Cretaceous. Something extra was Coniacian. Rory explained that the such as Dzabarov (1964) on Upper needed to get these Late Cretaceous combined evidence from the German Cretaceous sea-urchins from the coccolith blooms going and to sustain Cretaceous basins (Mϋnster and Central Kopet-Dag and their them over such a long time period? Subhercynian) and the Lehrte Salt Plug stratigraphical significance. The Could mid-ocean ridges have illustrate the timing of hiatuses and Echinocorys illustrated in these papers contributed to the global formation of slumping during the Upper Turonian compared directly with those from the chalk by releasing extra calcium to the and Coniacian. He suggested that the southern English Chalk. A map of the oceans through alteration of the ultra- timing of these events compared Late Cretaceous at 98 Ma (based on basic rocks (serpentinization) and 2+ closely with the slumping events found Sohl 1987 and Skelton 2003) illustrated release of Ca enhanced by in the South Downs Chalk and many of the extent of continental seas and structurally induced fluid flow (seismic the slump beds in the Chalk of Upper oceans, where chalk formed a major pumping)? Rory left these questions to Normandy, France. A further question part of the carbonate deposits. be answered by future researchers. arose from such an observation. How Part of the reason for the persistence What initiated mobile chalks and could such ‘tectonically induced’ events of chalk facies was rising sea-levels slumps and how extensive were these? be broadly synchronous over such a through the Late Cretaceous, shown by Rory described having come across vast area of continent? In the final the relative sea-level curve of Hancock extensive slump beds in the turbidite slides it was suggested that rotation of 2000, producing potentially similar successions on South Georgia and then the African Plate into the Eurasian Plate conditions over vast areas of his surprise when he found similar was responsible for reactivating faults continental shelf. Rory then asked what structures in the Chalk of the South (synsedimentary tectonics) leading to drove this rise in sea-levels and based Downs . Having found sheared chalks angular unconformities in the Chalk, part of the answer on the sudden and flints at the base of slump beds at folding and basin inversion, which in doubling of oceanic crust production at Shoreham Cement Works and Seaford turn provided the sea-bed topography 120-125 Ma (top Barremian) to > 35 Head (1974), he then looked for similar for hiatuses and slumping. 3 million km per Ma from a consistent examples in the literature and found The answers to some of the 3 18-20x106 km per Ma over the them in slump beds described from the mysteries of the Chalk are to be found, previous 70-80 Ma. This rate of oceanic Mϋnster Basin, Germany (Voigt, 1962). therefore, in the geological processes crust production continued for the next Voigt described phacoids extracted associated with both mid-ocean ridges 40 Ma (i.e. to the Campanian) and was from the Late Turonian-Coniacian slump and plate-collision tectonics. associated with an abnormally large beds near Halle, Westfalia, Germany length of fast spreading ridge In the and these contained sheared layers and Pacific Ocean and with a Cretaceous ‘swirls’ similar to those found in the Rory Mortimore superplume (Skelton et al 2003). South Downs Chalk. The slumps were Rates of crustal production could not directed southwest off the

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GA AWARDS 2013

FOULERTON AWARD presented to GA member for work of merit connected with the Association Dr John Crocker John has been a stalwart of the GA since 1989, General Secretary of the GA from 2000 to 2011 and, latterly, known to us all as the superb Editor of the GA Magazine

HALSTEAD MEDAL presented for work of outstanding merit, deemed to further the objectives of the Association and to promote geology. Graham Worton Graham typifies the spirit of the GA at its dynamic best. He lives and breathes geology with involving and inspiring others his reason for being. He devotes his professional life as Keeper of Geology at Dudley Museum and his spare time with the Black Country Geological Society to promoting geology to anyone who will listen from politicians, through engineers and planners to schools and the general public. Over the last 25 years plus, he has brought geology to many who would otherwise have never taken an interest or been involved and he has put geology into the heart of the local authority in which he works, setting often quoted examples of best practice in community engagement, geological promotion and geoconservation. Graham has published many popularist articles as well as refereed papers, hosted part of the Worcester Conference field visits in 2011, has helped with Rockwatch and gave a lecture on his work to the GA in 2012.

THE RICHARDSON AWARD presented, for the best research-based paper in the PGA in 2012 Anna Harrison Anna.M. Harrison*, J.F.M. Plim*, Matthew Harrison*, Lee.D. Jones*, Martin G. Culshaw* (*British Geological Survey and University of Birmingham) ‘The relationship between shrink–swell occurrence and climate in south-east England’ (PGA 123, 556-575). The paper has also been awarded the runner up prize in the Climate Change section of the Lloyds of London, Science of Risk Prize 2012.

HONORARY LIFE MEMBERSHIP

Dr Eric Robinson in recognition of Susan Brown, in recognition of his public engagement of geology her public engagement of and his commitment to the subject. geology and her commitment to Eric has been a GA member since the GA. Susan has been a GA 1969; President 1991-1994; member since 1986; President Librarian 1970-2002; Foulerton 2000-2002; Rockwatch Award 2002. Chairman since 2001; Curry Fund Secretary – ongoing.

Joe Collins in recognition of his public engagement of geology and his commitment to palaeontology. Joe has been an unstinting supporter of the GA. He became a GA member in 1953 and has attended practically every meeting and reunion/festival since then and has published in the Proceedings. This will be the 60th year that Joe will have exhibited at the GA Reunion/Festival. Although officially an amateur, Joe is a world expert on crabs winning many awards for his research contributions.

CURRY FUND MSC AWARD to encourage student excellence, for the best Masters degree theses on a geology-related topic arising from an MSc taught course in a UK university

Jacob Bendle, Royal Holloway Geography Dept.

Highly Commended: Juliet Szachno-Hodgkinson, Royal Holloway Earth Sciences Dept. Victoria Alexandra Brown, University of Brighton

IVOR TUPPER AWARD to give financial assistance to a deserving undergraduate who demonstrates outstanding academic excellence

Helena Pryer University College London

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Somerset. This resulted in him writing the Crested China in Geology and Natural History famous hymn which starts - Rock of Ages cleft for me, let me hide myself in thee. A model of Introduction apical system is clearly shown with the five pairs part of this rock, as far as I can determine, is the The year 1830 saw the publication of the first of ambulacra leading from it with raised pore volume of Charles Lyell’s Principles of Geology pairs. On the right side in the inter- ambulacral and the start of a decade of intensive railway area the crest is shown – Hampstead and Royal line building in Britain. Within ten years a fairly Leamington Spa in these examples and on the complete network covered much of Britain, left side a brief description as given as above. connecting for the first time many villages and On the lower surface the Goss marks appear most towns particularly those at the coast. together with the ambulacra converging at the The necessary railway cuttings provided anterior mouth and an anus posteriorly. The excellent collecting opportunities for geologists whole is hollow and the delicacy of the porcelain both amateur and professional, especially since can be seen through the anus. In later the founding in 1835 of the British Geological production, wear on the moulds can be inferred Survey. This railway development, together with as far less detail shows on some examples. The charabancs and better roads, provided an word COPYRIGHT can appear either below or only purely geological model produced by any opportunity for the general public to become above the standard Goss mark as in these company. It bears the arms of Cheddar on the much more mobile and to travel on their annual examples. This dates them to late in the Second right and the hymn wording on the right and and bank holidays, particularly from the late Period* or early in the Third Period. back. Comparison with a British Geological 1850s onwards. Survey photograph shows that it a good model For many, the holiday or day trip destination Dactylioceras commune. A lower Jurassic of the relevant part of the outcrop of Burrington of choice was the seaside, creating a huge ammonite from Whitby on a hollow plinth of Oolite which overlies the Carboniferous demand for accommodation, entertainment and sedimentary rock with the seal of Whitby Abbey Limestone. The maximum dimension is 81mm souvenirs. It is with the latter that this article is in the foreground. This seal is an exception to and the normal Goss mark has the addition of concerned. the normal armorial crest and shows St Hilda, ‘England’ underneath indicating that it was made well known in mythology for changing snakes in the Third Period. Crested China into stone**, with the inscription ‘YMAGO To the potteries of the Stoke-on-Trent area of VIRGINIS HYLDE = Image of the Virgin Hylde. Natural History north Staffordshire this souvenir demand Colchester Native Oyster Shell – Ostrea edulis provided a lifeline and in the 1880s many A fine bivalve right valve, 68mm diameter, potteries started making porcelain miniatures or bearing the Colchester coat of arms uppermost what is now known as Crested (= coat of arms) with the standard Goss mark and the lady or Heraldic China. Of the manufacturers, Goss is painter’s yellow mark underneath. Internally the the best known because of their superior pallial line is show and also the hinge with the products but there were well over 150 others in ligament pit. Externally there are four coarse Britain alone including Arcadian, Carlton, Shelley annual growth rings. Locally farmed oysters and Willow Art. The actual material used is a have been famous here since Roman times. type of bisque porcelain called Parian ware, so Limpet Shell named after the Greek island Paros renowned (Her name is enshrined in palaeontology in the A large up side down limpet 74mm in for its finely-textured white marble. ammonite genus Hildoceras.) The ammonite is diameter with three orange coral legs. The coat During the Edwardian period it has been 62mm in diameter. the Goss mark appears of arms is that of Ipswich on the physical upper estimated that nine out of ten households had at together with: ‘Model of the Whitby Ammonite. 1 or biological ventral surface with the standard least one piece of crested ware . Production Rg No 513063 Pub. By Edwin Todd 27 Goss mark underneath. continued well into the twentieth century but all Flowergate’, indicating that some models were had ceased by the outbreak of world war two in made for specific outlets such as local agents. Fir Cone 1939. Collecting crested china however Other Dactylioceras examples show the arms of continues unabated today in a somewhat similar Ancient Greenwich, Bridport and of Lyme Regis, fashion to Cigarette Card collecting where the latter with the incorrect wording Oyster, production in Britain also ceased in 1939. underneath: ‘Model of the Lyme Regis ammonite fir cone Manufacturers could and would produce the Rg No 515036’, as this ammonite does not occur and same model for many different towns and cities at Lyme Regis. Such registration numbers refer limpet with each bearing the appropriate heraldic to the model shape which in this case was first device for the locality. The models of greatest used between 1907 and 1914. Such numbers value are those directly relating to a particular were not used after July 1914. This model is also locality, e.g. a Dactylioceras (a lower Jurassic available with the Whitby crest as seen in the jug ammonite) from Whitby as opposed to one from below. A typical specimen 90mm long with the say Dover on the upper Cretaceous. Maidstone coat of arms, made by Arcadian China The variety produced was enormous and Goss Ball Cream Jug of Stoke-on-Trent. alone had a range of over 2,500 models with bearing the crest some 10,000 different decorations available of Whitby –a shield Others giving a theoretical 25 million possibilities. with three stylised Whelks, nautili, and scallops are known but Collectors were able to acquire the same ammonites. This has a are not included here. There is also a wide range model with different heraldic devices or by maximum dimension of mammals, some fish and birds and a few manufacturer or thematically, e.g. World War on of 90mm with the more plants. Land or Natural History items, and Fossils. In standard Goss mark Stuart Baldwin this last category models are few and rare. To underneath. Notes: *When William Henry Goss was the owner and date the following have been found and are in runner of the factory from 1858-1887 any Goss items the author’s collection: Three handled Loving Cup. These come in various sizes and the one shown is the smallest produced have been called from the First Period. His Fossils produced by Goss with a sons took over in the Second Period 1881-1934 and in Echinocorys scutata. An internal mould or capacity of a third of a pint the Third Period 1929-1939 items were made for Goss steinkern of an upper Cretaceous echinoid based and a height of 76mm. For by other factories but still bear the Goss mark. on a flint specimen found at Steyning in the the story of the origin of **In Marmion by Sir Walter Scott in 1808 he writes: Horsham district of west Sussex and known Loving Cups please see Of thousand snakes, each one locally as Shepherd’s Crowns. The maximum page 604. The interest in Was changed into a coil of stone, dimension is 65mm. On the upper surface the this example is that When Holy Hilda pray’d. between each pair of References handles a crest appears. Two are of Whitby and 1. Pine, Lynda, 2001. Millers Goss and Crested China. A Collector’s St. Hilda – shown elsewhere and the third is that Guide. Milestone Publications. of Whitby Abbey showing three coiled snakes 2. Pine, Lynda, 2005. Goss and Souvenir Heraldic China. Shire Publications. complete with heads. 3. Pine, Lynda & Nicholas, 1987.William Henry Goss. The story of the Staffordshire family of Potters who invented Heraldic Porcelain. Geology Milestone Publications. Rock of Ages. In 1740 the Reverend Augustus 4. Pine, Nicholas, 1999. The Concise Encyclopaedia and Price Guide to Montague Toplady, M.A. is reported to have Goss China. Milestone Publications. sheltered from a storm in a angled cleft in the 5. Pine, Nicholas, 2000. The 2000 Price Guide to Crested China. Milestone Publications. Echinocorys scutata rocks in Burrington Combe near Cheddar in 10 Magazine of the Geologists’ Association Vol. 12, No. 2, 2013 08554 Geologists Mag Vol 12 No. 2_mag41.qxd 28/05/2013 15:06 Page 11

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12 Magazine of the Geologists’ Association Vol. 12, No. 2, 2013 08554 Geologists Mag Vol 12 No. 2_mag41.qxd 28/05/2013 15:06 Page 13

CIRCULAR No. 995 June 2013

PLEASE NOTE THE THE FOLLOWING PUBLIC LIABILITY INSURANCE for field meetings is INFORMATION FOR FIELD MEETINGS provided but personal accident cover remains the responsibility of the participant. Further details are ENQUIRIES & BOOKINGS Geoff Swann organises day and available on request from the GA office. weekend meetings in the UK. Michael Ridd is responsible for overseas and longer excursions. Sarah Stafford at the GA Safety is taken very seriously. Should you be unsure about office is responsible for bookings, payments and general either the risks involved or your ability to participate safely, administration [email protected] you must seek advice from the GA office before booking. Please make sure that you study any risk assessment or You must book through the GA office to confirm safety briefing and that you have all the safety equipment attendance. Please do not contact the field meeting leader specified. You must declare, at the time of booking, any directly. Meeting times and locations will be confirmed on disabilities or medical conditions that may affect your booking. These are not normally advertised in advance, as ability to safely attend a field meeting. You may be asked to there have been problems with members turning up without provide further information on any prescription drugs etc booking or paying and maximum numbers being exceeded. that you may use whilst attending a field meeting. In order Field meetings are open to non-members although to ensure the safety of all participants, the GA reserves attendance by non-members is subject to a £5 surcharge the right to limit or refuse attendance at field meetings. on top of the normal administration fee. Some meetings may have restrictions on age (especially for under 16s) or be EMERGENCY CONTACT: if you are lost or late for the physically demanding. If you are uncertain, please ask. start of a meeting, an emergency contact is available during UK field meetings by calling the GA mobile phone 07724 PAYMENTS for day and weekend meetings must be made 133290. The mobile phone will only be switched on just before attending any field meeting via telephone (credit before and during field meetings. For routine enquiries card) or post. Cheques should be made out to Geologists’ please call the GA office on the usual number. Association. Please give an email and contact number and please also provide an emergency contact name and TRAVEL REGULATIONS are observed. The GA acts as a telephone number at the time of booking. retail agent for ATOL holders in respect of air flights included in field meetings. All flights are ATOL protected There are separate arrangements for overseas meetings. by the Civil Aviation Authority (see GA Circular No. 942, October 2000 for further details). Field meetings of more TRANSPORT is normally via private car unless otherwise than 24 hours duration or including accommodation are advertised. If you are a rail traveller, it may be possible for subject to the Package Travel Regulations 1992. The the GA office to arrange for another member to provide a information provided does not constitute a brochure under lift or collect you from the nearest railway station. This these Regulations. service cannot be guaranteed, but please ask before booking. Please indicate on your booking form if you are able to offer a lift.

FIELD MEETINGS IN 2013 Equipment: You must bring a hard hat, Cost & booking: Further details will be high vis jacket and suitable footwear. available from Sarah Stafford at the GA We are hoping to arrange additional fossil Packed lunch. Attendees must be capable office. collecting opportunities during the year. of dealing with the conditions to be found THE YORKSHIRE CHALK There may not be time to advertise these in a working quarry. Leader: Rory Mortimore in the Circular so if you would like details Cost & booking: Numbers will be strictly Saturday 22nd – Sunday 23rd June when they become available contact Sarah limited to 20 (regrettably no children will 2013 Stafford at the GA office. be allowed). Further details will be available from Sarah Stafford at the GA The Yorkshire Chalk coastal cliffs from FOR FINALISED DATES AND FOR office. Speeton and Buckton in the north, to ANY CHANGES TO THE PROGRAMME Flamborough Head and then Sewerby in PLEASE REFER TO OUR WEB SITE THE GEOLOGY AND CHURCHES OF the south, offer a great opportunity to www.geologistsassociation.org.uk PEMBROKESHIRE investigate the geological processes that Leader: Prof John Potter (i) formed chalk sediments on the margins th th GYPSUM QUARRY VISIT Monday 10 – Thursday 13 June of the North Sea Basin, and (ii) created Leader: Andrew Swift 2013 the range of tectonic structures present th Saturday 8 June 2013 in many places in the Chalk of NW Europe. In the morning we will visit a quarry near Four field days in Pembrokeshire based in Day 1 will concentrate on the sediments Newark producing gypsum from the Haverfordwest. The plan is to mainly visit including the origin of marl seams, flint Triassic with additional sections through geological localities and perhaps two bands, nodular chalks, grey, red and white the Lias and Rhaetic. In the afternoon we interesting churches each day to relate chalks and the Black Band and other will visit another quarry in the area. these to rock types seen. sedimentary structures seen at North Equipment: Hard hat and hi-vis jacket. Landings, Thornwick Bay and Speeton Appropriate clothing and footwear.

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Cliffs. Day 2 will focus on the tectonic successful and many of the ancient and cross-bedding. At the end of the structures at Flamborough Head in quarries were reopened and some continue Cliff End section as we enter Fairlight Selwicks Bay where there is evidence for to operate to this day. The marbles of the Cove, we will pass Haddock’s Reverse several phases of deformation related to Hotel Russell therefore represent the Fault. At low tide dinosaur footprints can a major fault system (the Flamborough geologies of the French Alps and the often be observed in the foreshore zone of disturbance or Howardian Hills – Pyrenées but are also a record of high mudstones in Fairlight Cove, and rolled Flamborough Fault Belt). This will be adventure in the Victorian era! dinosaur bones can sometimes be found – followed by a study of the highest chalk Equipment: bring a hand lens in 2005 the well-preserved braincase and preserved in the Yorkshire cliffs at Cost & booking: Numbers may be limited. partial skull of an ankylosaur was found Sewerby and Danes Dyke. Further details will be available from here, the first such record from mainland We will be based in Bridlington. The Sarah Stafford at the GA office. Britain. At the west end of Fairlight Cove leader and field meetings secretary hope Register with Sarah sending an as we reach Covehurst Bay we will observe to stay at the Revelstoke hotel near to administration fee of £2 per person to the Fairlight Cove Reverse Fault marking the seafront. Car sharing will be confirm your place. the start of the ‘Fairlight Clays’ and a necessary. If there is sufficient interest unique Lower Cretaceous flora, visible in we will arrange a group meal for the WEALDEN EXCURSION - joint extensive foreshore deposits. If time Saturday evening. meeting with the Hastings & District allows we may also continue on to Lee Equipment: You must have a hard hat, Geological Society Ness Ledge to look at dinosaur footcasts appropriate clothing and footwear. Leaders: Ken Brooks, Peter Austen and in fallen blocks of the Lee Ness Attendees should be capable of dealing Ed Jarzembowski Sandstone. with relatively long walks over rocky Saturday 20th July 2013 Equipment: You must bring a hard hat and beaches. Also there will be at least one Depending on conditions on the day we will suitable footwear. Packed lunch. We will significant climb up cliff steps. be covering the section from Cliff End, be walking along the beach over shingle Cost & booking: Numbers will be limited across Fairlight Cove into Covehurst Bay. and some rocks which may be slippery. to 25. Further details will be available The cliffs along this section form part of Care should also be taken to keep away from Sarah Stafford at the GA office. the Hastings Group, and together with from the base of the cliffs in case of Register with Sarah sending an the cliffs west to Rock-a-Nore, are rock-falls, particularly after wet administration fee of £10 per person to regarded as one of the type-sections of weather. Total return distance 5–6 km. confirm your place. the lower part of the Wealden Cost & booking: Further details will be Supergroup in south-east England. They available from Sarah Stafford at the GA BUCKS GEOLOGY display a succession of intermittently office. Register with Sarah sending an Leader: Jill Eyers faulted sandstones, siltstones and administration fee of £5 per person to Thursday 4th July 2013 mudstones that extend from the Ashdown confirm your place. Equipment: Hard hat and hi-vis jacket. Formation (including the plant-bearing Appropriate clothing and footwear. ‘Fairlight Clays’), through to the lower THE BYTHAM RIVER IN EAST Attendees should be capable of dealing part of the Wadhurst Clay Formation. ANGLIA with the conditions in working quarries. These units reflect deposition in Leaders: Jim Rose and David Cost & booking: Numbers will be limited freshwater conditions and have long been Bridgland th th to 20. Further details will be available renowned for the diverse assemblage of Saturday 14 – Sunday 15 from Sarah Stafford at the GA office. early Cretaceous plant and animal fossils September 2013 Register with Sarah sending an that they yield. At Cliff End we will see Dates are now confirmed administration fee of £5 per person to the massive Cliff End Sandstone at the The meeting will examine evidence for the confirm your place. base of the Wadhurst Clay, and there will Bytham River in East Anglia, and will give be an opportunity to examine fallen blocks particular attention to the stratigraphy, **NEW MEETING ADDED** of the Cliff End Bone Bed, which contain the composition of the Bytham River THE MARBLE OF THE HOTEL fish teeth and scales, reptilian bone deposits, the sedimentology, and RUSSELL, RUSSELL SQUARE fragments and teeth, pterosaur teeth and associated archaeology and evidence of Leader: Ruth Siddall very rarely primitive mammal teeth. Cliff past climate and environment. We will Tuesday 9th July 2013 18:00 -20:00 falls over the past few years have yielded visit sites from Shouldham Thorpe in the The Hotel Russell was built at the end of remains of Iguanodon (now in Maidstone northeast, through Warren Hill to Bury the 19th Century and was famous at the Museum), a complete turtle carapace, and St Edmunds where we will stay the night, time for the fine marble work used in its the snout of the Wealden crocodile then through Fakenham Magna to the interior. The stones used are Goniopholis. Also, impressions of dinosaur Flixton area, ending at Pakefield. Other predominantly from France and North footprints are often visible along this sites will of course be examined but the Africa. They are derived from quarries section. Sections of the ‘trunk’ of the ability to visit particular sites will depend which were originally operated by Roman tree-fern Tempskya can also be found on on access and quality of exposures at the stone workers, but many closed after the the foreshore, and in the cliff face at the time. fall of the Roman Empire and their top of the Ashdown Formation we will be Travel will be by minibus and private locations were forgotten. However a able to observe an extensive bed of in situ transport. We will meet an early train out fashion for fine marble interiors grew in ‘quillworts’ (clubmosses), first discovered of London at Downham Market – stay at the second half of the 19th Century in 1996, as well as other plant remains. In the Travelodge at Bury St Edmunds on and enterprising marble tradesmen sent addition the section displays many the Saturday evening and finish in time to explorers off into the wilds to rediscover interesting geological structures, such as allow attendees to catch a sensible train the quarries. Such expeditions were faults, cross-sections of river channels back home on the Sunday afternoon.

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Equipment: You must bring a hard hat, hi GEOLOGISTS’ ASSOCIATION September 13 Joint meeting with and vis jacket and suitable footwear LOCAL GROUPS (LG) AND arranged by the Trevithick Society, at Cost & booking: £10 plus cost of minibus. AFFILIATED SOCIETIES 7.30pm. Talk ‘Jonathan Crouch, Surgeon These will be available from Sarah of Polperro’ -Jeremy Rowett. Stafford at the GA office. Please Amateur Geological Society Contact Lincoln James 01326 311420. register your interest with Sarah. Contact Julia Daniels 020 8346 1056. Further details Field trips: [email protected] www.carnbreaminingsociety.co.uk DORSET COAST WEEKEND Bath Geological Society Cheltenham Mineral and Geological Leader: Prof John C.W. Cope June 7 Violent birth of the Earth and the Society (National Museum of Wales) course of precious metals – Dr Matthias For more information on lectures contact Saturday 5th – Sunday 6th October Willbold. Ann Kent 01452 610375 2013 July 5 The Monnow Valley – Landscape For more information on Field trips Following the success of last year’s evolution on the Old Red Sandstone – contact Kath Vickers 01453 827007 meeting John has agreed to lead another Dave Green. http://cmgs.yolasite.com/ trip, this time looking at the west Dorset July 17 Field meeting: Geology and Cumberland Geological Society coast (mainly Lower and Middle Jurassic). Landscape evolution of the Monnow Valley June 2 Field meeting: Crazy paving in the We will be based in Bridport and will try – Dave Green. Cross Fell Inlier at 10:30 - John Rodgers to arrange an introductory talk on the September 8 Field meeting: Geology and June 12 Field meeting: The Workington Friday evening and a group dinner on Mining in the High Littleton – Camerton Shore - David Powell Saturday. We will finish at about 16:00 area – Dr David Workman. June 16 Field meeting: Kirkby Stephen - on Sunday. September 6 Microbialites Noel Pearson Equipment: Participants should be (stromatolites), tufa and reservoirs – June 30 Field meeting: Garsdale Pass - equipped for very rough beaches and Prof. Maurice Tucker. Mike Dewey should have stout footwear with ankle www.bathgeolsoc.org.uk July 10 Field meeting: Slate Fell support. Helmets are essential but HI vis. Belfast Geologists’ Society Cockermouth - Jim Samson jackets will not be required. There may Contact Email: [email protected]; July 20 Field meeting: Glenderattera well be some steep ascents (and descents) www.belfastgeologists.org.uk Valley - Rosemary Vidler dependent on the weather. Black Country Geological Society August 25 Field meeting: Ennerdale Cost & booking: Numbers will be limited June 22 Field meeting: The Geology of Highlights - David Powell to 25. Register with Sarah Stafford at Dudley and the Black Country from Canal For details on the activities of the the GA office sending an administration Boat, - Graham Worton (Keeper of Cumberland Geological Society fee of £10 to confirm your place. Geology, Dudley Museum and Art Gallery). www.cumberland-geol-soc.org.uk/ Indicate your interest in attending Cymdeithas Daeaereg Gogledd Cymru: FOSSILFEST VIII before 8th June 2013, to Andrew North Wales Geology Association( LG) Leader: Nev Hollingworth Harrison 07973 330 706 or email: Contact Jonathan Wilkins 01492 583052 [email protected] Email [email protected] Saturday October/November 2013 July 20 Field meeting: The Building www.ampyx.org.uk/cdgc (date to be confirmed) Stones of Worcester. Details tbc. Cymdeithas Y Daearegwyr Grwp De Location(s) have still to be decided but For information contact Barbara Russell Cymru -South Wales Group Geologists’ plenty of fossils can be expected. 01902 650168. www.bcgs.info Association (LG) Attendees will need to be sure they can Brighton & Hove Geological Society June 15 Brecon Beacons Powys – John safely cope with the conditions to be Contact John Cooper 01273 292780 Davies. found in working quarries. email: [email protected] July 13 Cotswold Water Park – Neville Equipment: You must have a hard hat, hi Bristol Naturalists’ Society Hollingworth. vis vest and suitable footwear. Contact 01373 474086 August 24 Freshwater and West Angle Email: [email protected] Pembrokeshire – John Nudds. Cost & booking: Numbers will be limited www.bristolnats.org.uk/ Contact Lynda Garfield at to 25. Register with Sarah Stafford at Cambridgeshire Geology Club (LG) [email protected] the GA office sending an administration June 10 ‘The National Geological Model – a The Devonshire Association (Geology fee of £5 to confirm your place. new beginning for the geological map?’ Section) Dr Andrew S Howard Contact Jenny Bennett 01647 24033 IN THE PIPELINE (Dates and details September 9 ‘Geology of Upware’ and email Jenny Bennett to be arranged)...... viewing of specimens - Dr Simon Kelly. [email protected] Contact – Ken Rolfe on 01480 496973, www.devonassoc.org.uk THE BUILDING STONES OF mobile 07777 678685. The Dinosaur Society TOTTENHAM COURT ROAD www.cambridgeshiregeologyclub.org.uk www. Dinosaursociety.com. Contact: Prof Leader: Ruth Siddall Carn Brea Mining Society Richard Moody [email protected] June 18 ‘My Life in Mining’ by Mike Shipp, Dorset Group of the Geologists’ Association OVERSEAS FIELD MEETINGS 2013 former mining surveyor who worked in (LG) ironstone mining in the Midlands and at June 8 Field meeting: Fleet Fossils ICELAND Land of Volcanoes Wheal Jane, and is partner at Rosevale Ferrybridge working north. 6th – 17th September 2013 Mine July 21 Field meeting: Old Harry and Leader: Dr Paul Olver July 16 Field Trip - Industrial Agglestone. Now Full. Archaeology of Hayle – Foundry End - August 10 Fossil and Mineral Fair at Georgina Schofield Wimborne. Magazine of the Geologists’ Association Vol. 12, No. 2, 2013 15 08554 Geologists Mag Vol 12 No. 2_mag41.qxd 28/05/2013 15:06 Page 16

Contact Doreen Smith 01300 320811 Friends of the Sedgwick Museum, posters and displays. Email: [email protected] Cambridge Afternoon – lectures about the history of www.dorsetgeologistsassociation.com Contact: Dr Peter Friend 01223 333400. the Society and local geology. Dorset Natural History & Archaeological Geological Society of Glasgow Tea break – refreshments by members of Society Contact Dr Iain Allison the Society and displays in the Map Room. Contact Jenny Cripps email: [email protected] Evening – Society Dinner in Staff House – email: [email protected] www.geologyglasgow.org.uk price £ 22-50 each. Bar opens at 6 pm; Earth Science Teachers Association Geological Society of Norfolk meal is at 7 pm. Talks at the meeting For membership contact: Mike Tuke Contact Email: Dr David Waterhouse at include - Dr Derek Gobbett - “The [email protected]. [email protected] periglacial origin of the Wolds landscape”, Tel 014804 57068 www.norfolkgeology.co.uk Mike Horne - “The Stratigraphy of the ESTA website www.esta-uk.net Hampshire Gem Fossil and Mineral Yorkshire Chalk”, Prof Patrick Boylan - East Herts Geology Club Society the HGS and the Quaternary, Dr Rodger June 15 Field meeting: West Runton. Contact Pat Maxwell 02380 891890 Connell - new boreholes at Bridlington, July 13 September Exhibition of local email: [email protected] Prof Pete Rawson - “Speeton: 50 years geology at Ware Museum. Hampshire Gem, Fossil & Mineral and still learning”. September 6-9 Field meeting: Society (Affiliated Society of the GA) This event will be followed by special field Pembrokeshire – Rosemary Williams. Mr Roger Brown meetings Check website for venue or contact Diana Email: [email protected] June 9 Speeton - Jack Doyle, Perkins 01920 463755. Harrow & Hillingdon Geological Society June 15 Kelsey Hill - Stephen Whittaker www.ehgc.org.uk email: [email protected] (LG) June 18 East Riding Boulder Committee at Visitors most welcome - £2 Jun 12 Tectonic archaeology in Japan – Mappleton (evening) East Midlands Geological Society Prof. Gina Barnes June 22 Flamborough - Mike Horne. June 19 Geology Walk at BGS – David July 10 Mountains in the Sea – Prof. Tony For Further Details please contact Mike Bate. Watts. Horne, 28 Salisbury Street, Hull, HU5 July 3 Field meeting: Ticknall – Keith August 14 Members evening. 3HA, tel 01482 346784, or e-mail Ambrose. September 11 Mineral Fluorescence – Dr [email protected] July 21 Field meeting: Building stones in Michael Doel. The Jurassic Coast local churches – Albert Horton. Email: [email protected] Details are available on the web site at August 10 Field meeting: Monsal Dale – Field trip information Allan Wheeler www. Jurassiccoast.com. Peter Gutteridge. 01344 455451 Kent Geologists’ Group of the Geologists’ www.emgs.org.uk www.hhgs.org.uk Association (LG) Edinburgh Geological Society Hastings and District Geological Society Contact Indoor Secretary Email: [email protected]; Contact email: [email protected] Mrs Ann Barrett tel: 01233 623126 Web:www.edinburghgeolsoc.org http://hastingsgeology.btck.co.uk/ email: [email protected] Essex Rock and Mineral Society Hertfordshire Geological Society (LG) Contact information www.kgg.org.uk June 11 Mars the Next Generation – Paul June 13 Ups and downs in the Palaeozoic : The Kirkaldy Society (Alumni of Queen Money Devonian Sea Level change in South Mary College) (LG) June 23 Field visit to Harkstead, Suffolk- America – Dr Ian Troth. October AGM and Alumni Day at Queen Bill George and Graham Ward June/July (tbc) Field meeting: to the Mary, date to be confirmed July 9 The Geology of Prisoner of War Jurassic of Oxfordshire. Contact Mike Howgate 020 8882 2606 Escape tunnels – Prof. Peter Doyle. July 11 New ventures Exploration in under or email [email protected] or August 13 Open evening. Bring items of explored regions – Dr Andy Racey. [email protected]. geological interest along to discuss August 10 Summer Avenue. Lancashire Group of the Geologists’ September 10 The Magic of Diamonds – September 12 The structure underlying Association (LG) David Vroobel. the London Basin – Prof. John Cosgrove. Contact Secretary Jennifer Rhodes Contact Ros Smith www.hertsgeolsoc.ology.org.uk 01204 811203 Email: [email protected], 01245 Contact Lesley Exton [email protected]. 441201 or see www.erms.org email: [email protected] www.lancashire-geologists.co.uk Farnham Geological Society (LG) Horsham Geological Field Club Leicester Literary & Philosophical June 14 Geology Underlying the London June 12 Amber – John Cooper, Keeper of Society (Geology) basin – John Cosgrove. Natural Sciences, Booth Museum. June 19 Evening field meeting: Measham July 7 Field meeting: Forest of Dean – Unless otherwise stated, all the evening Brickworks – Albert Benghiat. Graham Williams. meetings are held at Forest Community July 13 Field meeting: Jurassic localities September 1-7 Field meeting: Portugal – School, Comptons Lane, Horsham, RH13 in Warwickshire – John Crossling. Lesley Dunlop. 5NW. July 31 Field meeting: Blockley Quarry- July 12 Members evening. Contact Mrs Gill Woodhatch Andrew Swift. Field Trip Contact – Dr Graham Williams 01403 250371 August 10 Field meeting: Limestone tel: 01483 573802 www.hgfc.uwclub.net/Index.html localities in Derbyshire – Peter Email [email protected] Hull Geological Society Gutteridge www.farnhamgeosoc.org.uk 125th Anniversary Celebration Contact Joanne Norris 0116 283 3127 Contact – Judith Wilson: June 1 Meeting at the University of Hull email:[email protected]. [email protected] Department of Geography. www.charnia.org.uk Morning – short talks by members,

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Leeds Geological Association Open University Geological Society Southampton Mineral and Fossil Society Visitors welcome; tea and Events - listed on http://ougs.org, or Contact: Gary Morse, 01489 787300 biscuits contact [email protected] Email: [email protected] Details : Judith Dawson The membership secretary is Phyllis Website: www.sotonminfoss.org.uk 0113 2781060 Turkington and can be contacted by e-mail Stamford and District Geological www.leedsga.org.uk at [email protected] or by phone Society Liverpool Geological Society 0289 081 7470 Contact: Bill Learoyd on 01780 752915 Contact: Joe Crossley 0151 426 1324 or Oxford Geology Group (LG) email: [email protected]; email [email protected]. www.oxgg.org.uk or call Programme [email protected] www.liverpoolgeologicalsociety.org.uk/ Secretary 07901 672713 www.stamfordgeolsoc.org.uk Manchester Geological Association Ravensbourne Geological Society (LG) Teme Valley Geological Society Contact email: Sue Plumb 0161 427 5835 July 9 The Lone Survivor – Chris Stringer. June 8 GeoFest Day. email [email protected] August 13 Chalk, Black Shales, Climate July 6 Field meeting: Wren’s Nest. All meetings in the Williamson Building, Change and Sea level change – unravelling August 10 GeoFest Day. University of Manchester Late Cretaceous History – Ian Jarvis. Email: John Nicklin www.mangeolassoc.org.uk September 10 Geology of Kent Wildlife [email protected] Mid Wales Geology Club Trust Reserves – Peter Golding. www.geo-village.ey www.midwalesgeology.org.uk Contact Carole McCarthy Secretary: 020 Ussher Society Contact Bill Bagley 01686 412679 8127 6104 email: [email protected] Contact Elaine Burt Mid Week Geology Club in Yorkshire or Vernon Marks: 020 8460 2354 [email protected] http://mwggyorkshire.webspace.virginme Reading Geological Society Warwickshire Geological Conservation dia.com/; June 3 Permian and Triassic Group [email protected] Mineralisation in the rocks of South- Contact Frank Wells 01926 512696 email: Mole Valley Geological Society (LG) West England – Dr Richard Scrivener [email protected] June 13 “On the trail of early humans in July 1 Evening geological walk. www.wgcg.co.uk the Pleistocene of the Wealden Region” - August 5 Evening geological walk. West of England Group of the Dr Matthew Pope September 2 Fossils of Solnhofen Geologists’ Association (LG) September 12 “Geology of the Isle of Limestones – Dr Chris Duffin Contact Bobby Oliver Secretary Wight” - Professor A Gale Hilary Jensen, General Secretary – for [email protected] September 27-29 Field trip to the Isle of more details and general information tel: www.wega.org.uk Wight. Leader: Professor A Gale 0118 984 1600 West Sussex Geological Society (LG) Full details on: email: [email protected] June 21 Mud, Mites and the Incan Empire; www.radix.demon.co.uk/mvgs www.readinggeology.org.uk/ Quaternary palaeo-environments in the Secretary: Chas Cowie Contact David Ward - for field trips Andean Highlands – Dr Mick Fogley. [email protected] 01344 483563 June 25 North Lancing Church – David Newbury Geological Study Group Royal Geological Society of Cornwall Bone. Field Meetings season runs from October September 19 Cliff failures at Hell’s June 30 11 Annual Downland Walk – to July. Normally meets on the third mouth and Cornish coastline – Richard Anthony Brook. Sunday of the month. Hocking August 17 Newhaven Beach – David Bone. Details or Mike & Helen Weideli October 17 Memoirs of a globetrotting Contact Betty Steel 01903 209140 01635 42190. www.ngsg.org.uk China Clay geologist – Prof. Colin Bristow Email: [email protected] ; Norfolk Mineral & Lapidary Society November 21 The interplay between www.wsgs.org.uk Meetings at St Georges Church Hall, Quaternary volcanics and the Tertiary Westmorland Geological Society Churchfield Green, Norwich. 19.30hrs fossils beds of South Yemen - Chris Bean Contact Brian Kettle email: every first Tuesday of the Month except Contact email: [email protected]. [email protected] August. Secretary: Colin Lansdell 01209 860410 www.westmorlandgeolsoc.co.uk Contact: [email protected] The Russell Society The Woolhope Naturalists’ Field Club http://norfolkminandlapsoc.homestead.com/ Email Frank Ince June 16 Ercall and the Wrekin, North Eastern Geological Society [email protected] Shropshire - Andrew Jenkinson. Details: [email protected]; www.russellsoc.org July 21 Lickey Hills - Lickey Hills Earth Christine Burridge Shropshire Geological Society Heritage Champions. email: [email protected] www.shropshiregeology.org.uk August 20 Evening building Stones walk www.northeast-geolsoc.50megs.com Sidcup Lapidary and Mineral Society around Ledbury - Dr Paul Olver. North Staffordshire Group of the November 23 SLMS Annual Fair, 10am - September 21 Geology and landscape on Geologists’ Association (LG) 4pm at Emmanuel Church Hall, the edge of the South Wales Coalfield - June 21-23 Pembrokeshire Hadlow Road, Sidcup DA14 4AA Dr Tom Sharpe. July 23 Field meeting: British Geological contact: G. Bell 020 8300 4770 Contact Sue Hay on 01432 357138 or Survey. Meets every Monday evening at Sidcup svh.gabbros@btinternet .com; September 8 Field meeting: Bradgate Arts Centre. www.woolhopeclub.org.uk Park, Charnwood Forest. www.sidcuplapminsoc.org.uk Yorkshire Geological Society Contact for details Eileen Fraser Contact Nicola Claxton 01322 227 057 E- June 8 Field meeting: Research on the 01260 271505 mail: [email protected] Boston Spa Permian Limestones www.esci.keele.ac.uk/nsgga/ Contact Trevor Morse 01833 638893 www.yorksgeolsoc.org.uk

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ITALY: THE FIVE VOLCANOES 11th – 25th April 2012 (Part 2)

Mon 16th April: Acicastello – pillow the pillow lavas which showed radial under stress by both N – S lavas and faults columnar jointing. compression and E – W extension. An early morning thunderstorm did It was suggested that the Castle The visit to Taormina was a relaxing not delay our journey to Acicastello. Rock was originally contiguous with the end to an intellectually challenging yet The rain had swept black Etna ash in horizontal pillow lavas, but at some very enjoyable day. From the Roman swathes along the sides of the roads – point had been fractured into a huge amphitheatre, the dramatic view of like negative snow! Derek Rust was block that had been rotated through Etna’s dust plume was a fitting introduced to the group near the more than 80 degrees, by the action of reminder that geology is a very active picturesque Castle Rock and the underlying flow of lava. The part of Italian life. immediately posed two key questions: Mediterranean is micro-tidal, but the Tue 17th April: Greek Temples and subaerial surface of the pillow lavas is Of what is the Castle Rock made, and “bikini” girls several metres lower than the contact is it the same as the surrounding A motorway coach trip through the between the Roman erosion surface material? under-populated heartland of Sicily seen below the 252 AD lava flow in the took us eventually to Agrigento on the What is the nature of the steep cliff adjacent to the Castle Rock. contact between the Castle Rock and south coast and the famous Valley of the surrounding rocks? the Temples. This is a misnomer as all nine Greek temples, built between the late 6th Century and late 5th Century BC, are strung out on a prominent ridge, made of orange-weathering, current bedded calcarenites with the Temple of Juno at its highest point. Its main rival is the Temple of Concord, structurally intact for 25 centuries, and one of the best preserved in the Hellenic world. Its transformation in 596 AD to a church saved it from stone robbing and later anti-pagan Impressive pillow lavas at Acicastello FO Lava of AD 272 in cliff, Acicastello FO. destruction. After a leisurely lunch at the coast, Closer inspection of the current we moved back inland to the Roman erosion surface at the base of the cliff revealed a fault that had dropped the seaward land by approximately 2 metres, which is now close to current sea level. Lunch was taken at Acitrezza where Isola Lachea, one of several small islets formed from a composite laccolith resulting from a multiple magma injection into Late Sicilian clays of Quaternary age, could clearly be seen from the promenade.

The east and south eastern edge of Temple of Concord, Valley of the Temples, the Sicilian continental shelf is defined Agigento FO by the Malta Escarpment, striking NNW-SSE and indicating the boundary Villa Casale, close to Piazza Armerina, with the oceanic-affinity crust of the where 3500 sq. metres of exquisite Ionian Sea. It intercepts the Sicilian mosaics rival all others in Italy. The coast at the Santa Tedu escarpment. centrepiece is a hunting scene with The active Timpe Fault system is animated hunters and exotic animals associated with the escarpment and is but it is the ten bikini-clad women Castle Rock, Acicastello showing steeply the most active system on the eastern athletes adorning one of the nearby inclined hyaloclastites FO flank of Etna. From Santa Tedu, a clear rooms that generate all the publicity. view of the eponymous scarp could be Close examination by the group of seen. On the way back to Taormina, good the marine platform around the Castle views of Etna’s active summit craters At San Leonardello, after a short Rock revealed pillow lavas with highly were seen from the south set against a distraction caused by a green lorry vesiculated cores and glassy snow-capped peak. (tachylytic) rims set in an altered, piled high with yellow lemons against a th yellow-brown clay (palagonite) which briefly blue sky, Derek pointed out Wed 18 April: Ascent towards was formerly its hyaloclastic matrix. large-scale slickensides reflecting both Mount Etna Within the marine platform, the group dip-slip and right oblique-slip On a bright morning with a cruise identified lava tubes passing through movements. The whole region is still liner moored in the harbour we started

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on our much-anticipated trip to Mt had caught up with slower cooler In the grey mist of the cloud line we Etna. This is an enormous shield layers pushing them ahead and there stopped at another lava flow. This was volcano, 2280 m high, with its snow- was a lava ‘waterfall’ frozen in time. pahoehoe or ropey lava. Hot, fast covered summit in the clouds as we This was part of the 2001 flow and was flowing, low viscosity lava from which left Taormina. It formed about 200,000 still virtually uncolonised with only two the gas escapes immediately and BP on a limestone basement and is lichen and one moss species found. forms strange formations with stranger alkali basaltic. The earliest lavas were but descriptive names. Flow direction From there we carried on passing a andesitic formed from subducted crust indicators, entrails, ropes, budding dwelling overcome by lava with just but later became basaltic suggesting toes, pressure ridges that looked like the roof and part of the upper storey the underlying subducted crust is now the rib cage of a huge, grotesque showing. It gave us pause for thought. fractured and magma is rising directly monster. Lava tubes and amidst it all There were also isolated stands of scorched, abandoned dwellings. It was woodland on small knolls where the a strange place to be! lava had parted, flowing round each side. Once above the snow line we saw It seemed that this was a lava flow fine layers of brown ash deposit from from a parasitic cone on the mountain the current activity and the scenery flank and all the more dangerous as it was spectacular. At the Refugio was low enough to threaten villages on Sapienza, the start of the cable car the coastal plain before it cooled and route to the summit, we stopped came to a halt. again. From there we walked to Mt. From there still descending we came Silvestri, a cinder cone. Mt. Silvestri is to the village of Zafferana where the one of a group of nested cones, four first successful attempt to stop a lava large and two smaller on one of the flow was made in 1992. Bombing the many radial fissures on Mt Etna’s flow and putting in dams took out flanks. Of the four large cones only this sufficient energy both to divert and one produced lava as well as scoria. retard the lava. It stopped a few The group at Monte Silvestri, Etna DS Ejections were gaseous with small metres behind a house on the village explosions and lava bombs, some of from the mantle. Formerly a larger outskirts. volcano had occupied the site but was We ended the day near Milo studying destroyed by catastrophic explosion. the effects of the Pernicana Fault in the The leader for the day was Dr. Derek Valle del Bove. This is part of the Rust. The first stop made on the extensive flank fault system under Mt winding road was at an exposure of Etna. It is crossed by a road, which one of the two types of basalt lava, the blocky aa, formed when the lava is cooling, more viscous and slow flowing. Autobrecciation occurs as the lava heaps up on itself. The blocks were quite large, loose and Group ascent from quick exploration of lava treacherous underfoot and made tunnel, Etna DS crossing difficult. There were levees, which were sizeable. Dr. Olver commented that our hard hats would not be much help against those but at least he would know if it was one of his group underneath. Someone else commented that this was grave humour. Although sunny there was a bitter Shear effects on central white line due to wind, which tipped off hard hats and Pernicana Fault, Etna DS gave us all a buffeting. We found the dropped 47 cm during a recent remains of fumaroles with red staining earthquake. Now repaired, it shows from oxides and chlorides of iron two to three degrees of rotation in the deposits and some hardy souls slipped Large volcanic bomb on scoria crater rim, road side wall which is now out of and slithered down the loose surface to Etna DS alignment. Right stepping en echelon the bottom of the crater where they shearing is clearly visible in the looked for accidental pyroclasts such where lava flows edges had cooled and tarmac. Movement on the fault is as fragments from the limestone hardened while the centre kept about 2 cm per annum. Dr. Rust basement. flowing, showing slickenslides where demonstrated Riedel shears by the lava passed through. Red layers of After lunch we received unwanted drawing a circle over some of the terracotta colour revealed where a new news that due to a very heavy shears developing into an ellipse as flow had over lain an older creating a overnight snowfall the cable car would strain increased. baked margin. There was some not be running. We could not go to the Thu 19th April: The island of Lipari massive columnar jointing and the summit. This was disappointing as the We wound our way up from the hotel outer top layers were scoracious where south-east summit crater is currently in Giardini Naxos to the motorway fast cooling had occurred. There were active. Regretfully we left. which took us through the several pressure ridges as hotter lava

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metamorphic Pelitorani mountains to erupted from the same the port of Milazzo. Here, the group vents. After the explosive boarded a hydrofoil for a rapid trip phase, the degassed across to the Aeolian Islands, a magma erupted as a slow volcanic arc set within the southern moving obsidian flow, the Tyrrhenian Sea. Colata delle Roche Rosse, famous as the Lipari To the west, the prison island of Obsidian and traded right Filicudi and the small Alicudi could across the Mediterranean. clearly be seen before we swept past The party all managed the dark, steep, gloomy slopes of the carefully to pick up seaward side of the active volcano of specimens within its La Fossa on Vulcano. The fumaroles twisted flow-banded and seemed particularly active on the flow-folded crags. crater rim that morning. The coach continued its The internal structure of Vulcanello tour clinging to the to the north was also clearly visible as Group Photograph on the rim of La Fossa FR northern cliffs with the sea cut into its easternmost flank. excellent views of the Southern Lipari, with its high cliffs and The footpath to the crater rim is just 1 neighbouring island of Salina, made up rounded hilltops of its multiple rhyolitic kilometre long, but steep and the of basaltic lavas and tuffs, and domes, then swing into view before we going slow. Half way up we displaying its fertile, verdant slopes - a landed at the new harbour in Lipari encountered an expanse of red marked contrast to the barren, cactus- town. pyroclastic surge deposit from the covered, northern slopes of Monte 1749/50 eruption. Much of this is After settling in at the hotel close to Pelato. overlain with ash deposits from the the harbour, a small coach took us on explosive 1890 eruption. a circular tour of the most highly populated island within the group. Fumarolic activity on the NE rim is After passing through the tunnel to vigorous and much increased from 4 Canneto, we could see the youngest years ago. Fortunately the strong wind volcano, Monte Pelato, dominating the was blowing away from the volcano north-east of the island. Major allowing a close approach to the fumaroles. Whilst we were there measurements of temperature (around 150 degrees) and gas emissions were being taken by a member of the Vulcano monitoring team wearing a gas mask. Some auto-monitoring instruments are located inside the crater close to the fumaroles. Party members venture at the active After a group photograph was taken fumaroles of La Fossa, Vulcano DS half the party proceeded to the highest Eventually, the coach reached the point of the rim, taking the longer best viewing point on the island, route upwind of the fumaroles while Belvedere, situated on a ridge above the remainder examined sulphur Lipari Town, where good views to the deposits and the crater floor from half south and the island of Vulcano are way down the crater side where more normally to be had. However, the fumaroles were active. weather had markedly deteriorated by The group heading for the summit this stage and visibility was not good. felt the wind strengthening and whilst A quick retreat to the hotel and dinner all the neighbouring islands could be was made. seen their visibility was poor. The Fri 20th April: Vulcano – mother of distinct layers of the most recent 1890 all volcanoes eruption were very clear, the orange Flow banding in Lipari obsidian flow, Hydrofoil ferry services can be prone surge deposit being particularly Quattropani FO to cancellation (our experience) due to striking. As we approached the summit explosive eruptions from this crater, weather and sea conditions. However, the main crater with its fumaroles set over 1 km in diameter, produced the this morning was sunny and calm and against the sea with outlines of other Upper Pumice Series, well seen in the the crossing from Lipari to Vulcano was islands was most attractive although former quarries north of Canneto. completed in under fifteen minutes. by now the wind was starting to Here, steep cliffs of virgin pumice rise impede progress. The La Fossa Volcano is situated up over the former quays from which it within a caldera represented by low Back at the foot of the volcano we was exported. The slightest wind hills which were once extrusions of had hoped to see the obsidian flow generates billowing clouds of fine bedded tuffs, breccias, obsidian and front but it is now obstructed by a new abrasive pumice and a quick run for rhyolite lavas. Near the small harbour building. There has in fact been a great some shelter! stands a 65 m high rock, a remnant of deal of development over the last 40 An even younger pyroclastic fall the phase 1 eruption of 6000 years ago years directly under the weak spot in deposit, dated at 1400 years BP, and much altered by fumarolic activity. the rim where the fumaroles are located. An eruption is apparently

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overdue by some 20-30 years and volcanic cones of neighbouring Salina. Magmaman guide. About a third of the presents a dangerous threat to the Panarea consists of acidic volcanic group elected to stay in the village and local community and the region as a centres and domes dating from 13 000 port area, where they examined the whole. ka constructed on the western margin tsunami early-warning system of of a much larger and submerged klaxons and signed escape routes, Adjacent to the La Fosse Volcano is a caldera which exploded close to 65 000 installed after the 2002 tsunami. The much smaller volcano formed in 183 ka. The submerged margin of this bulk of the party led by Dr Paul Olver, BC and named child of Vulcan, older caldera is formed of picturesque opted for the 400 m soft-climb to Vulcanello, by the Romans. It is now rocks circling the harbour at San Pietro above the tree line, and after hiring connected by an isthmus to Vulcano and was viewed from the harbour cafe torches, were led off by Mario along formed by an ash cloud deposit from a during a coffee break. Next Gruppo the coast path across the scoria and mid-16th century eruption. Access to Olver proceeded in single file through lavas of the ‘intermediate (calc- this crater is an easy walk but the final the sunlit narrow streets flanked by alkaline) complex’ as exposed in the approach is over private land and after boutiques in the harbour area and by beach area, towards the L’Osservatorio the necessary permissions were the well-maintained houses and villas bar-pizzeria at the north of the island. obtained we went up to the crater rim. of the wealthy, but not currently Vegetation severely restricts the view resident, owners. Fresh water is a into the crater, however the tunnels of problem on Panarea and a ship makes the former alum miners are quite regular deliveries of water during the distinct, as are the strata of ash, high season when the island population pyroclastics, brown lava and faults rises to 2 500 people. Out of the marking the most recent breakout of inhabited area the volcanic centre of lava through the rim. Ponte Corvo loomed above a deserted Deteriorating weather was forecast sandy beach where a path cut through and as we waited for our return ferry a huge debris flow consisting of we learned that sea conditions were angular blocks of andesite set in a set to curtail sailings. Our hydrofoil brown clay derived from devitrified was rerouted and delayed and to our glass shards and capped by an dismay the large vehicle ferry made a andesite lava flow. The group climbed close approach but declined to land, it over this debris and lava flow to view hooted three times before leaving the the Punta Milazzese headland bounded expectant trucks and cars stranded on by steep cliffs of lava riddled with the beach. We were relieved to see our sinuous lava tubes and cooling hydrofoil eventually approaching. columns. The bases of numerous Fire fountaining at Stromboli – However, instead of a short 15 minute Bronze Age hut circles were clustered painting done in the field DS crossing direct to Lipari, it sped along on the peak of this sickle-shaped in the shelter of Lipari before headland which formed a natural A winding path in the lava flows and encountering rougher waters and slow position defended by cliffs and with a scoria of the ‘young shoshonitic progress as it approached Salina single entrance. This was the (alkaline) volcanics’ led upwards before retracing its route to arrive in Milazzese village which was occupied through bamboo-infested terraces of Lipari over an hour later. during the XV – XII centuries BC. Long the former vineyards which had not stemmed Mycenean-style pottery has been replanted after a phylloxia Sat 21 April: Gruppo Olver visit been found at this site, now in the infestation killed the vines. Ominous Stromboli Museo Aeolie at Lipari. The group ate deep rumbles from the interior of the Gruppo Olver walked through the their packed lunches seated on the volcano punctuated the climb up the narrow streets of Lipari town to the Old stones of the ruined houses with a fine path. The party consolidated at an Harbour where they embarked upon a view to the north of Stromboli’s cloud- observation site constructed on lavas fast launch journey to Panarea with shrouded cone before returning to the above the tree-line from which the fine views, through the spray, of the harbour. distant volcanic islands of Filicudi and large pumice quarries of northern Alicudi could be seen to emerge every Lipari and the twin camel-shaped A fast journey in the launch through so often from their cloud caps. The choppy seas deposited Gruppo Olver in north-western side of Stromboli is the late afternoon on Stromboli which formed by the steeply dipping giant rises to a total height of 2400 m above flank collapse structure of the Sciara the sea floor, but with only the top 924 del Fuoco, or ‘Stairway of Fire’, which m protruding above the sea. A short channels all the current volcanic walk took us to the headquarters of avalanches and lava flows towards the ‘Magmatrek’ Stromboli guides. sea. These debris-avalanche and lava Magmaman Mario gave an ultra- deposits all derived out of the currently cautionary presentation on the hazards active north-western crater of of climbing Stromboli and descending Stromboli. The massive (originally hot) from the crater area in darkness, and debris avalanche deposit of 2002 forms handed out indemnity forms. Only an ominous steep black unvegetated three members of the group including scree slope of scoria and lava blocks Dr Derek Rust volunteered for the and the sudden entry into the sea of ascent to the craters. They signed their this huge hot smoking avalanche forms, were issued with climbing generated the tsunami which affected helmets, hired torches and were the north-east coast of Stromboli. 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intertwined lava flows of a previous specimen, Gruppo Olver attempted to best source for euhedral dark brown eruption. Looking upwards towards the board the hydrofoil to Milazzo. This augites and smaller glassy fragments summit crater intermittently active having been achieved we relaxed and of green olivine. Prior to 1944, the fumaroles were spotted as the cloud enjoyed a last look at Vulcano, our crater had been filled to the brim with began to lift. intermediate port of call, before we lavas and pyroclastics from previous reached the Sicilian coast. Here a eruptions. All this infilling was A swift descent to the L’Osservatorio coach swept us towards Palermo, the dramatically expelled in 1944 to reveal reunited the party who viewed from capital of Sicily, and a date with our the deep, shear-sided crater seen the patio area the cloud-free profile of ship bound overnight for Naples. today. An offshoot of the picket line Stromboli in which white smoke could was camped out inside the crater itself be seen billowing from the crater area Several parties of schoolchildren on a precarious ledge still active with associated with distant rumbles. As the were amongst the groups booked on several fumaroles. Negotiations with twilight merged into darkness the that evening, but there were orderly the striking guides was obviously still party were treated to a fireworks queues which made the exercise a little at a delicate stage. display of dramatic short-lived, red less hazardous. After a pleasant dinner spouts or fountains of incandescent and an unsuccessful attempt to view The party moved on, looking ash and lava, some rising to 100 m or Stromboli as we passed through the carefully for evidence of Triassic more above the crater rim, and Tyrrhenian Sea, we retired to our limestone xenoliths ripped up from 12 accompanied by white and black cabins. Vesuvius, our last major km below Vesuvius, and now contact smoke, explosions and detonations, volcano, awaited us the next morning. metamorphosed. The characteristic made more dramatic as the sun set green vesuvianite, now called idocrase, Mon 23rd April: Vesuvius at last! and darkness fell. This dramatic is typical of these fragments. Giuliana After a rapid breakfast, we volcanic activity is caused by the carefully explained the features of the disembarked for our second attempt at depressurisation of the bubbles of crater and its recent history before scaling Mount Vesuvius. Weather was molten rock which steadily move up leading the party off the mountain by better and we were spared the the volcanic conduits to explode when another route. This was by continuous rain but low cloud was they reach the surface, shattering the arrangement, so that we did not have hovering close to the mountain and molten rock into mini-fragments, to cross the picket line twice. Now the which cause the impressive display. low cloud which had been threatening The party next proceeded back to the all morning descended and a rather harbour, a 40 minute walk lit by damp and misty end to our visit torches, of which the final stretch ensued. through the village was spent pinned Our afternoon motorway trip took us against walls dodging numerous three- past the high promontory of wheel ‘Ape’ vehicles. The torch lights of Montecassino guarding the route to the summit party could be seen Rome as it did so famously in WWII. moving rapidly down the side of the The Appian Way then provided us with volcano, but the intrepid trio, who had the ideal entry route into the city. been treated to a close-up view of the lava and ash fountains, travelled back Tue 24th April: A free day in Rome to Lipari on a separate launch. The sea From our hotel in Via Cavour, party journey was swift on a relatively calm members could easily reach the Roman sea and the Gruppo was reunited in a Forum, the Colosseum and of course Lipari harbour restaurant for a plate of Main crater at Vesuvius DS the Vatican City across the River Tiber. pasta before returning to their beds in Some ventured further to Ostia, around Monte Somma in the the hotel around midnight. Rome’s ancient seaport, or to Villa background. d’Este (Tivoli Gardens) and Hadrian’s Sun 22nd April: Back to Naples Taking the road up from Torre del Villa to the east of the city. A jostling crowd greeted us all at the Greco, across the 1794, 1858 and new harbour in Lipari Town as, laden Wed 25th April: The end of an Italian 1895 flows, all of which showed with luggage and the odd rock odyssey excellent pahoehoe structures, we We flew back to Gatwick after an eventually reached the raw, extra half day in Rome and time to see unvegetated 1944 flow in the Atrio del a few more of the capital’s sights. Cavallo before a short ascent up to the Despite foul weather, strikes, cancelled main car park. Here we met the milling sailings and closed funiculars, we had crowds all hoping to ascend Vesuvius. visited all five major volcanoes and had Our guide, Giuliana Alessio, from the observed two in eruption. Osservatorio del Vesuvio, immediately started negotiating with the picket line (PO) Paul Olver and managed to persuade them to let (DR) Derek Rust our party through after payment of the (NE) Nikki Edwards appropriate dues. The weather was (FO) Frank Ogilvy improving at this stage and the crater (DS) Daniel Stedman rim was clear of cloud. (JW) Joy Winyard (JW) John Winyard Porphyritic tephrites, an (AW) Allan Wood undersaturated basalt, are (FR) Frank Rozelaar characteristic of the recent highly (NC) Nuala Crow vesicular lavas. The pyroclastic fall (MC) Michael Crow deposits of the 1944 eruption are the A dyke in La Somma’s crater wall FO Initials of photographer in italics

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site at www.chichester.gov.uk/foreshore. The GA will also provide a link on its web site.

The Code of Conduct has 4 sections – General Foreshore, Kitesurfing, Horseriders, and Fossil Collectors with a list of Do and Don’t activities in each section. The General points are common sense. Fossil collectors only have a few Do items listed, relating mainly to group events and reflecting the low risk nature of fossil collecting at this location.

These are: • remind parties of the need for care and consideration and be supported by adequate assistance • complete a risk assessment for organised groups taking into account all the other beach activities • have public liability insurance for organised groups • check tide times as fossil collecting is generally best within 2 hours either side Draft front cover of Code of Conduct leaflet of low tide. © Chichester District Council So, a sensible conclusion to an often heated exchange. The focus is now correctly on Code of Conduct for Bracklesham encouraging mutual awareness of other activities on this family-friendly beach The saga of kite surfers versus fossils collectors at Bracklesham, West without restricting access. I am very Sussex, draws to a close. My final comments a year ago (GA Magazine No. grateful for the support provided by the GA, 2, 2012) recorded that Chichester District Council were going to impose a Natural England and many individuals who I kite surfing zone, effectively restricting access to an area of the foreshore represented in achieving this outcome. used for fossil collecting. However, all was not lost. The local Residents Association mounted a legal challenge against the Council in March 2012, resulting in a rapid withdrawal of the Council’s decision. Since then, the proposal by Natural England and the GA for a mutually agreed Code of David Bone Conduct has been in development and will be published by the time this Chichester article is in press. It will be available as leaflets and via the Council’s web

Obituary - Dick Moody Bryan Alistair Cozens 1932 - 2013 writes……

I first met Bryan when I gave a talk to his beloved John Crocker writes...... Harrow and Hillingdon Geology Society which was Bryan died suddenly at the end of February one of the ‘star’ local 2013. After a distinguished career in British groups and many members Telecoms, on retirement, Bryan opted to devote came along to Burlington his considerable energy to the benefit of others. House for GA meetings. He was actively involved with his local church, Bryan was always there and with the local hospice (he organised all the and I enjoyed speaking to transport and also participated in the week-long him and his dear wife Jean. extended sponsored walks) and the local group Over the years Bryan and of the GA – Harrow and Hillingdon Geological Jean came on several of Society (HHGS). Here he organised field trips, my trips for the GA but due to illness Jean was not on many of them overseas to such places as Alsace, Hospice Luke’s St. Photo he became secretary for many years and finally my last but one trip across became Chairman for several years. His friendly, welcoming personality was ideal for the Libyan Sahara. Bryan such aposition. and Bob Maurer also of Harrow and Hillingdon were He was also elected onto the GA Council from 1992 to 1996 where he extensively superb ‘desert rats’ and redesigned the membership leaflert and was responsible for a very successful Bryan turned out to be a recruitment campaign. His interest in geology was shared with his wife Jean, who was a fine photographer. His founder member of HHGS, a society which developed out a WEA class run by Bob contribution to local Symes, an ex President of the GA. Bryan and Jean were regular attenders at the Friday geology and the GA is Lectures. Bryan was always cheerful, friendly, energetic – he skied well into his 70s –, considerable and I will miss always willing to lend a hand. He will be sadly missed him very much.

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remarks as to the material methods that Our First President may be best adopted in the collection of Scan the early years of the Association, specimens. I shall speak of nothing and the name Joshua Toulmin Smith stands which I have not myself found, as a out. In fact he was our first President, collector in the field to be the most bringing to that office many qualities which useful. we might accept as appropriate to that role. The hammers which I have found the For example, he was invited to stand and best in use are those manufactured by you get the feeling that, like G B Messrs Knight of Foster Lane, in the City Greenough and the Geological Society, he of London. There is one of these in was appointed to the position of President in particular, which I take to be the most his absence and he may have been handy and useful hammer yet devised. ‘persuaded’ without his fullest agreement. Messrs Knight know it, I believe, as As the Dictionary of National Biography Percival Johnson’s hammer. It combines records: in one convenient shape, the pick, the “beyond delivering his inaugural address hatchet, and the hammer. For the Chalk (11th Jan 1859) he took little active part this hammer is invaluable, of course, in in its ( the GAs )proceedings” working harder and more massive beds, However, that address, is a prime example of the founding the simple hammer and chisel must be used principles which we value about our Association. Entitled “The In packing fossils, a mistake is often made, which has Finding of True Facts “ it commends the active search which most spoiled many a good specimen. I allude to the use of geologists would put into research into new ground or in the cotton wool. There cannot be a greater mistake. If you description of fossils. In this, he was reflecting the grounding cannot get both sides, still avoid cotton-wool as you which he had in Greek science, contrasting speculation with would the plague. It sticks to the damp fossil, and can factual interpretation. This is the approach that he himself had never be entirely removed..In all other cases take a piece adopted in the study of Chalk sponges, which culminated in a of paper - Hugh Miller used to say that there was nothing monograph on the Ventriculidae published in Annals & Magazine like a Conservative Newspaper to wrap fossils in.” (1848) accomplished with the use of thin sections. There follows a further three pages of advice, including He had been called to the Bar in 1849 and such was the warnings about dealers and workmen: who might pass off diversity of his interests that he engaged in the defence of specimens which are ‘improved’ . Kossuth during the Hungarian revolution (1849) and in local self- All of this advice is as valid today as it was in 1859. It government in Highgate, where he lived, (an almost present day remains a mystery why Toulmin Smith failed to continue protest against central government ). with the Association when it got up and running, more or Declining invitations to stand for parliament, he undertook to less on the lines intended, with that service for the beginner publish a weekly record of parliamentary proceedings, a kind of not offered by the professional Society from which they ‘One-man-Hansard’, with comments, intended to clarify the were excluded. However, his end, was dramatic. He technical language of Westminster for the general public. His drowned when swimming in the sea off Lancing in Sussex Parliamentary Remembrancer ran from 1857 to 1865, when the and is buried in Hornsey Old Church, North London. He lies burden of work took its toll on his health but without actually beneath a fiat limestone slab close to the south wall of the stemming his range of activities. 1867 saw the publication of a churchyard on Temple Road, with an inscription which I fourth edition of his main legal work - The Law of Nuiscances. could only read by adopting brass rubbing techniques. What influence the last work may have had upon the The Friends of Hornsey Old Church are well aware of Association, The Finding of True Facts shines through many Toulmin Smith as one of their local worthies - so much so early papers when the Association fulfilled an early ambition and that they consider transferring his gravestone (at least) to a began to publish lectures as bound Proceedings, indeed, it may more prominent position within the ruin of the church and be regarded as a readable and practical statement of the close to the tower. They promise to keep the Association purposes of the Association opening up the geological sciences informed if their plans progress. Perhaps we might consider for the interested amateur. a reprint of that inaugural address? Ever the practical man, his address included sound advice for the beginner setting out to collect in the field: “It may not , therefore, be out of place if, besides Eric Robinson offering a warning against failing down in worship before the barbarisms of modern so-called science, I make a few

Ellis Frederick Owen Obituary - Correction

In the March edition of the GA Magazine Ellis’s name was inadvertently deleted from his obituary. Instead of Frederick Owen in the title and in the first sentence they should have read Ellis Frederick Owen. We wish to apologise profusely to Ellis’s friends and family for the error.

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GA Excursion to Vienna: 27-31 October, 2012

The latest in the popular biennial Kunstforum and a view of the ‘house programme of GA geology museum without eyebrows’, the controversial city excursions was to Art Deco building designed by Adolf Naturhistorisches Wien last year. Loos. Here we were enlightened Expertly organised by David and about the Roman layout of the city Anne Bone and Alan Lord, it included and the importance of river terraces a guided tour of the museum’s in the city’s development. It is easy splendid geology galleries and to forget that Roman London and ‘behind the scenes’ and a full day’s Vienna were the same size. We field excursion, both to be described learned that many of the imposing in a future GA Magazine. Two guided buildings have deep cellar systems, city walks, also part of the packed cut out of the river gravels. programme are described here. 22 Accordingly, we walked along the top members attended the excursion, of the once-Roman wall, now Nagler staying at the Hotel Alpha; as usual Strasse, and dived into the Esterházy Fig. 1. Local guide Brigitte Timmerman briefing on these trips, members dined en Keller. This wine tavern, serving wine group outside the Parliament building, by the famille at local restaurants in the since 1683 and once the cellar for Athena fountain. evenings, making such trips the influential Esterházy family, lies important social occasions as well as deep down by the side of the Roman educational. wall, the top-most of three cellars; the lower two are now infilled with Sunday October 28th concrete to stabilise the building, Guided city walks have become a especially needed as the regular feature of the GA’s ‘behind underground system runs close by. the scenes’ museum field excursions. Joseph Haydn, who worked for the So, although an ‘optional extra’, Esterházy’s for some 30 years, often many of the group members met up frequented this tavern. Needless to with historian Dr. Brigitte say, the group returned the following Timmermann, a pioneer of guided evening to sample the very best of walks in Vienna and with 25 years Viennese food and drink in this experience in the tourism sector and ‘traditional’ hostelry! Fig. 2. Muhri’s lapis lazuli fountain. a special interest in the Graham Finally, we entered the Graben, Greene novel, “The Third Man” (he the heart of the city, once the also wrote the screen-play for the Roman city moat, but filled in by film). It is the small print of the Leopold V in 1192 to build a city’s history that fascinates her, the defensive city wall, financed by the stories behind the story that brings ransom of Richard the Lionheart. the city to life. And certainly her Now it is an elegant, broad, enthusiasm was infectious. pedestrianised piazza of upmarket Our first stop, just around the shops punctuated with cafés corner from our hotel, was the displaying to-die-for cakes. We Rathaus (City Hall), an impressive stopped to admire the magnificent neo-Gothic masterpiece by Friederich Pestäule (Plague Column), a Baroque von Schmidt, completed in 1883 and memorial to the disastrous plague of with a spire reaching 102m in 1679 erected by Emperor Leopold I, height. By contrast, although also and one of the most prominent completed in 1883, the adjacent pieces of sculpture in the city. Our Parliament building by Theophil von last stop was in front of St. Hansen is very much neo-classical, Stephen’s Cathedral, Vienna’s Gothic with a splendid Athena fountain masterpiece. Badly damaged by a dominating the front. We then fire in 1945, the roof, comprising moved on towards the city centre, some 26,000 coloured tiles, was Fig. 3. The magnificent Pestäule in the via the Temple of Theseus in the rebuilt by public subscription. Graben. Volksgarten to admire the Lapis At this point, Brigitte took her Lazuli fountain by sculptor Hans leave, having been heartily thanked Muhri in Bruno-Kreiskygasse. Said to by all for her most educational and be the largest lapis lazuli monolith informative tour – an extremely ever mined, from the Chilean Andes, entertaining two hours. Some nine with a gross weight of 18.3 tons, it group members, continuing their was first displayed at the World’s Fair education, rushed the few metres up in 1998. It was then a short step to Kärntner Strasse to Café Sacher to the Gothic Minoritenkirche, started in sample the original Sacher Torte, 1276 and completed in 1350. Inside said to be a favourite of Emperor we saw displayed a magnificent life- Franz Josef. It was in the ‘Red Room’ size mosaic copy, commissioned by of The Hotel Sacher (featured in the Napoleon in 1809, of Leonardo da film), of which the Café is a part, Vinci’s ‘The Last Supper’; it is said to that Graham Greene gleaned his weigh 22 tonnes! Cold War information prior to writing A short-cut through the shopping “The Third Man”. The room is now a arcade of Palais Ferstel, with its plush restaurant, but still with red Salzburg marble, elaborate fountain wall coverings. Fig. 4. St. Stephen’s Cathedral across and staircase took us to Bank Austria Stephansplatz – note the patterned tiles on the roof. Magazine of the Geologists’ Association Vol. 12, No. 2, 2013 25 08554 Geologists Mag Vol 12 No. 2_mag41.qxd 28/05/2013 15:07 Page 26

Monday October 29th, afternoon Archduke Karl. The plinths were of Burgenland and the Adnet Limestone creamy Untersberg Marble, a sarcophagous of Emperor Friedrich III. In the afternoon we were fortunate bioturbated Turonian-Senonian Unfortunately, lighting levels were so to have the inspiring Dr Herbert conglomerate containing Jurassic low that good examination was not Summesberger as our leader and guide Plassen limestone pebbles, often bored possible. for his ‘steinwanderwege’, a building by Lithophaga bivalves, oysters and Outside once more, we expressed stone geo-walk taking us from the Hippuritid rudists. The rudists thrived in our thanks and appreciation to Dr. museum to St Stephan’s Cathedral. the shallow, littoral waters of the Summesberger. It had been a real Herbert Summesberger gained his Tethyan Gosau Sea, often forming great pleasure to see building and decorative University of Vienna PhD researching reef structures. The stone has been stones rarely seen in the UK, and to the structural geology, stratigraphy and quarried for over 2,000 years, with a learn something about them and their palaeontology in the Northern Renaissance boom that resulted in its uses, often with stories to tell! By this Calcareous Alps. He has organized use in many fine buildings, and is still time, the biting cold had seeped to our several international symposia and has used today. very bones and we dispersed, most of been the leader of the Working Group Passing through the Hofburg, across us in search of coffee and cake, some on Geosciences, Education and Public an inner court-yard of granite from to Demel! Relations of the Austrian Geological Upper Austria, to the Inner Gate were Society. Retired since 2004, he is now a Roger Dixon two imposing Renaissance statues of member of the Board of the Friends of Hercules. The plinths were of Neogene the Museum of Natural History, and bryozoan limestone from Zogelsdorf, organizes exhibitions and seminars. He north of Vienna. In Michaelerplatz, our has also written a Vienna city guide for guide pointed out ruins of the original building and decorative stones, and was Roman township, Vindolbona, some 2- awarded the Union Service Award in 3m below present street level. Across 2011. the square we examined the Our group met for an introduction to “Looshaus”, “the house without Dr. Summesberger in the museum eyebrows”, Adolf Loos’ most famous entrance hall, where we were shown building and, at the time, his most the black and white marble (genuine) controversial. One of the first modern floor contrasting it with the marble office buildings in Vienna, completed (man-made) pilasters, which were 1911, it is now a bank. Rich, green Fig. 1. Group assembling in The Natural History remarkably life-like and made to a now- Cipollino marble is used to clad the Museum entrance hall, with contrasting black lost formula. We were ushered outside lower front facade, controversial and white marble floor tiles – compare with the for a briefing, by a bronze elephant because of the bareness of the artificial marble of the pilasters. [photo: RAD] created by sculptor Gottfried Kumpf. undecorated white facade of the higher The neo-Renaissance museum, stories. Construction was even stopped completed in 1898, was opened by in 1910 in reaction to the simplicity of Emperor Franz Joseph I. The frontage is these floors; the addition of 10 window of calcareous Eggenburg Sandstone, boxes was a compromise to resolve the shallow Neogene (Lower Miocene, dispute. Cipollino marble (literally c.20Ma) marine molasse from the area “onion-stone”) is a variety of decorative around Eggenburg, north-west of stone used since Greek times, quarried Vienna. So much of this stone has been from the Greek island of Evvia. Some of used in palaces and government, the ancient quarries survive, with municipal and other buildings that quarry faces of over 100m. It has supply is now exhausted. Some Fig. 2. Group briefing, with the Kumpf bronze contrasting white and green bands of members of the Eggenburg Group yield elephant and Dr. Summesberger (centre photo, alternating chloritic greenschist and an extremely rich mollusc fauna. facing, with green fleece). [photo: RAD] white marble, originally bands of From there we walked to the Karl volcanic ash and marly limestone. The Renner Ring subway, the entrance to quarries yielding it became Roman which was clad in Polish granodiorite, Imperial property and Cipollino marble and on to the Neue Hofburg, part of the Fig. 3. The main became common throughout the Roman complex, now museums, accreted in entrance to the Empire. stages since the 13th Century and Hofburg with its From here we were led along home to the Habsburgs for some 600 bryozoan limestone Kohlmarkt, past the enticing Demel years. The façade is of Upper Hercules statues. chocolatiers and pâtissiers, established Cretaceous Marzana Limestone, from [photo: J Henry] over 200 years ago, where “a count Pula, on the Istrian Peninsula, an area would never be mistaken for a duke”, noted for its amazing Karst scenery. The and into the Graben. En route we basement stone, however, is from examined numerous decorative stone- Almás, in Hungary. We made our way clad shop fronts, from the white Carrara around to the rear of the Neue Burg to Marble and Hungarian Red Jurassic examine a terrace of creamy fine Limestone of Artariahaus, Freytag & grained ‘Fior di Mare’, a shallow marine Berndt (Cartographers) to Rapakiwi Cretaceous limestone from Aurisina, Granite of Kornmesser (Jewelers), the near Trieste. Quarried since Roman Untersberg Marble of the Pestäule, times, this Radiolites/Hippurites-rich Palaeozoic crinoid limestone socle of rudist limestone forms “the largest reef H&M, Bank Austria Ukrainian red granite in Vienna”! Dr. Summesberger pointed and many, many more. out differences in weathering along the Finally, we entered St Stephan’s terrace, attributed to snow-clearing and Cathedral, much of it built of local salting of pathways across it during the Neogene stone, to observe the floor winter months. tiles of red Untersberg Marble and We retraced our steps to the yellow sandstone, the late Gothic Fig. 4a. “The house without eyebrows” with Heldenplatz, where there are equestrian (C15th) pulpit of Breitenbrunn Cipollino Marble detail (Fig. 4b). statues of Prince Eugene of Savoy and Sandstone from the Neogene of [photo: J Henry] 26 Magazine of the Geologists’ Association Vol. 12, No. 2, 2013 08554 Geologists Mag Vol 12 No. 2_mag41.qxd 28/05/2013 15:07 Page 27

DORKING MUSEUM REOPENS WITH AMAZING FOSSIL DISPLAY

Dorking Museum is justly famous for the Cubitt fossil collection. This is one of the most outstanding ensembles of Cretaceous and Ice Age fossils in the country. Founded in 1976 Dorking Museum once had the Dickensian ambience of The Old Curiosity Shop curated by Steptoe & Son. Items were randomly displayed with no chronology and no attempt to present the history of Dorking geological, archaeological and historical. The museum’s superb collection of fossils were collected from adjacent quarries owned by Thomas Cubitt and his son George Cubitt, First Lord Ashcombe. Some fossils were on public display, notably the tail of an Iguanodon and the type specimen of the pliosaur Polyptychon interruptus. This was found in a nearby Chalk quarry by George Cubitt (or his labourers) and described by Sir Richard Owen in a paper presented to the Geological Society of London in 1860. The bones used to be displayed reverentially with minimal explanatory text in a case reminiscent of the reliquary of a medieval saint. Sadly the major part of the Cubitt collection was stored away in the museum loft. For many years a notorious local Formerly the type specimen of Polyptychodon interruptus (Owen) was geologist would lead groups of intrepid geologists from the displayed like the bones of a medieval saint in a reliquary. Petroleum Exploration Society of GB, the GA, various GA Local Groups and assorted nervous Brownies, Cubs, Guides donations and run entirely by volunteers. Several years ago and even Scouts, up the creaking stairs to the loft. On the museum received a large legacy. This has been used, arrival they would stare in wonderment at drawer after after many vicissitudes, to refurbish the museum, make the drawer of carefully labelled and curated fossils. The building watertight and install appropriate climate control. collection is Donations from the Petroleum Exploration Society of GB, particularly rich in the Geologists’ Association Curry Fund and the Mole Valley Chalk fish and Geological Society have been used to mount a reptile teeth and professionally organised and described suite of drawers and assorted illustrative posters. Polychromatic geophantasmograms crustaceans. It display the geological evolution of Dorking and the also includes landscape of the Mole Valley. Selected fossils are now Pleistocene clearly identified and labelled in a suite of glass-topped vertebrate fossils drawers. Pride of place is given to the type specimen of the from the gravels of Cretaceous sea monster Polyptychodon interruptus with an the River Mole. accompanying illustration of this denizen of the Cretaceous The museum is sea. Nearby the Iguanodon tail, a local dinosaur fossil housed in an old familiar to generations of museum visitors is now displayed iron foundry with explanatory text. The Mole Valley Geological Society owned by the has presented a suite of local fossils to the museum that Dorking and are robust enough to be handled without being damaged by District clumsy children of all ages. Details of the Dorking Museum Preservation will be found on www.dorkingmuseum.org.uk and of the Society. The Mole Valley Geological Society on museum has never www.radix.demon.co.uk/mvgs. received funding from the local Clare Hill council and has Press & Publicity Officer. Mole Valley Geological Society Thanks to a donation from the GA’s Curry Fund never had any this denizen of the Cretaceous seas is permanent staff. It displayed in such a manner that it can frighten is funded purely by small children and enliven a visit to Dorking voluntary Museum no end.

Don’t forget to look at the back of your address wrapper to find your application form for the Durham Conference

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the guide. The Introduction is followed Geologists’ Association Guide No. 22 Other Guides published by the Geologists’ Association: by sections on the stratigraphic Geology of the Dorset Coast Guide Review Guide No. 2 Geology of the Lake District 6 Geology around the University Towns - Liverpool Geology of the Dorset sequence 7 Geology of the Manchesterthe AreaDorset coast from the 10 North Coast of Cornwall - Bude to Tintagel Triassic 26 Geology to ofthe the Peak DistrictQuaternary, on its Coast 27 Geology of South Shropshire GA Guide No. 22. Geology of the 31 West Cornwall T structural evolution and a brief section HE ND 32 Isle of Arran CURRY FU John C. W. Cope Dorset Coast. 38 The Plymouth Area on the 40 Angleseyhabitat of petroleum. Then 41 Jersey 43 Costa Blanca, Spain follows 45 Onnythe Valley, Shropshire,field Geologyguide Teaching Trailproper. This John. W. Cope 46 Isle of Man begins 47 Thewith Coastal Landforms lowest of West Dorset Lias at Pinhay Bay 49 Tenerife in the 50 west, Southern Cyprus and concludes 164 pages 51 Field Guide to the Island of Bute, Scotland The Geologists’ Association has a long 52 Iceland and 5382 Easternfigures and Central Jamaica later with the Eocene tradition of producing excellent field 54 The Aberystwyth District Boscombe 55 Early Cretaceous Sand Environments at of theFriars Weald Cliff, 56 The Castleton Area, Derbyshire guides from the famous centenary 57 The Chalk of Sussex and Kent Mudeford, 59 Hadrian’s Wallin the east. The text is very series of 1958 onwards. Currently 60 Isle of Wight detailed, 61 Geology with of the Western descriptions Front of the rock 62 Geology of Lanzarote, Canary Islands there are many guides being produced 63 Geology of the East Midlands sequence 64 D-Day Landingsand in Normandy,its contained 1944 fossils, and to a very high scientific, literary and 65 The Origins of Stratigraphy for the 66 Watchetmost and its Neighbourhood,part fully Somerset referenced. illustrative standard. Professor Cope 67 The Dalradian of Scotland Indeed 68 Geologyin ofsome London places the guide is so 69 The Roadside Geology of Wales John C. W. Cope has researched the geology of the detailed 70 Barcelona: that an urban the excursion reader guide is taken Dorset coast for over 40 years and is Rockwatch Guide No. 1 ‘A Pocket Guide to the London Clay exposed on the North Shore almostof the Isle of Sheppey, step Kent’ by step, with appropriate thus well qualified to write a guide of Additional guides and current prices are available from: safety warningsThe Executive as Secretary, and when required. the area. ‘The Geology of the Dorset Geologists’ Association, TheISBN 978-0900717-61-1 colouredBurlington illustrations House, Piccadilly, include many London W1J 0DU Coast’ is a fitting addition to the GA Telephone: 020 7434 9298 field photographsE-mail: [email protected] and topographic and list. The Dorset Coast, now a ‘UNESCO geological9780900 717611 Website: maps www.geologistsassociation.org.uk produced to a very World Heretic Site’ (sic) as one piece high standard. of local tourist information termed it, has over the years been documented of the significance of the ‘rollover’ of The book concludes with a list of the Broken beds at Bacon Hole as they in many guide books that deal with references and a helpful index. In different aspects of its geology, from slid down the hanging wall of the common with the recent run of GA Purbeck fault – one of the most the cerebrally stratigraphic, such as Guides, the volume is spirally bound the earlier guides from the GA convincing pieces of evidence for syn- and the cover shower proof. Thus the sedimentary tectonics in the whole of Centenary series by Professor House guide book can be opened out to onwards. There are also several guides the Dorset coast. The westerly origin provide a useful rain hat, though this is of the Wealden sands at Mupe Bay was to the habitat of petroleum, to its not a good look. geomorphology and Ian Wests’ catholic described in the literature before and regularly updated website Hesselbo’s (1988) paper. These There are some minor ‘blind spots’ in (www.angelfire.com/wy.westian). remarks are however, minor nit picks the guide. Curiously enough there is akin to pointing out that the Venus de no reference to the cyclicity of the The ‘Geology of the Dorset Coast’ Milo is armless. Professor Cope has Jurassic sequence, a feature that has begins with an Introduction that produced an excellent field guide to fascinated geologists from Arkell contains some serious health and the geology of the Dorset Coast that onwards, and has led some geologists safety remarks that must be will be invaluable for both amateur and to use the Jurassic coast as a template remembered by people intent on professional geologists for years to for sequence stratigraphy, despite the getting up close and personal to the come. evidence for syn-depositional structural cliffs of Dorset. There are also growth from Permian to Recent times. warnings of hazards scattered at Professor Cope joins Arkell (he is in Dick Selley various appropriate places throughout good company) in omitting discussion

New Zealand 2014 Preliminary planning is under way for a GA trip to New Zealand in November 2014. We shall look at the geology and natural history of both North and South Islands, travelling by coach, starting at Auckland and finishing at Christchurch. The leader will be Mike Ridd who has lived and worked in New Zealand and who carried out research there for a PhD. Over about an 18 day tour we shall see Maori culture and look at the hot springs and geysers of Rotorua; travel to Gisborne to see mud diapirs and Cenozoic flysch sequences; visit the Morere Hot Springs and travel on to Napier and Hastings to see its art nouveau architecture and collect fossils; then look at the amazing gannet colony at Cape Kidnappers; travel south through the Pinot Noir Martinborough vinyards to Wellington; cross the Cook Strait by ferry to Picton and on to Blenheim; then over to the West Coast of South Island to look at the Alpine Fault, metamorphic basement rocks, the ‘pancake rocks’ and a couple of glaciers; on to Queenstown; and finally across the spectacular braided rivers of the Canterbury Plain to Christchurch where we can examine some of the effects of the February 2011 earthquake as well as the extinct volcano of Banks Peninsula. The provisional cost of the trip is £3800 per person, based on B&B accommodation in comfortable hotels (double occupancy - there will be a single-occupancy supplement), including ferry crossing, airport pick- up and drop-off, and a geological guidebook. Would members who might wish to take part please give your names to Sarah at the Office? There will be a limit of 20 participants. Further information can be obtained from Mike Ridd at [email protected]

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Rockwatch News

This, the beginning of the field trip it was difficult to find parking spaces at season, is, perhaps the most exciting in this usually quiet spot! Once again, the the Rockwatch calendar, since it opens youngsters on the trip were brilliant at the way for all sorts of exciting answering Elizabeth’s questions and discoveries by our budding geologists! finding fossils, most left in situ, but But, this year, as with so many there were a few spots where the activities, the weather curtailed our children could legally collect, which they early trips. The visit to Tegg’s Nose did with great enthusiasm and skill. Country Park in Macclesfield, Cheshire, We have plenty more exciting trips in early March had to be cancelled planned for the forthcoming months, Elizabeth explaining the site at Box thanks to snow drifts closing all roads in including favourites like quarries in the the vicinity! The event was to be a joint Cotswold Water Park area, our annual field trip with Cheshire East County weekend in South Wales, the Jurassic Council, the Country Park Ranger Coast residential course and quarries in Service, the GA Curry Fund (whose the Mendips, as well as new sites in grant enabled the new geotrail leaflet Shropshire and Cheshire to explore. around the park to be published) and Our public events have been in full- Rockwatch, but fortunately, we have swing and so far, have not been been able to reschedule the launch of disrupted by inclement weather. Our the new leaflet in early June when, I annual Science Week in mid-March with hope, there will be little likelihood of our partner BGS, was spent talking to snow! more than 900 local school children An early, members only, indoor event trying to raise their awareness of the at the National Museum of Wales in breadth of geological input to the Emily’s RW talk in Cardiff Cardiff was, thankfully, not affected by creature comforts of their lives with our the weather and we had a marvellous activity “Geology in your Shopping day “behind the scenes” thanks to the Basket”. This always raises their support of the Museum staff in the curiosity and, I hope, their awareness, geology department and with the of how geology underpins almost additional support of the South Wales everything that is bought and used. Geologists’ Association. The children This is quite a revolution to children and explored specimens from the Museum’s often to their teachers, given the store and made their own fossil replicas feedback I get after each session. The under the expert eye of Caroline Butler, week ended with our now annual Family conservator at the Museum, having first Day with BGS and even the constant been shown the importance of replicas snowfall throughout the day did not as well as genuine fossils in a collection. deter the punters, other than causing a The “star turn” of the day though, was somewhat slower start than in previous Emily Frankish, our Rockstar 2012, who years. We were fortunate to have gave a splendid talk on her “Journey Rockwatch members and their families Getting down to it at Box Rock circus with Rockwatch”. In the afternoon, Tom helping us at the event which is always Sharpe brought some of the Museum’s a bonus and a great pleasure, enabling fossil plants for the group get “up close us to really keep in touch with the and personal with”, which is a great membership. privilege as such specimens are A first this year was a Family Day at generally ensconced in glass cases, only the Museum of Somerset in Taunton in to look at and not to touch! mid-April. The Museum has recently We have managed one very reopened after undergoing a complete successful field trip so far this year, on refurbishment and is well worth a visit if an unseasonably sunny day in mid- you are in the area. The Minehead April, to Box Rock Circus in Wiltshire, plesiosaur has a welcome “pride of when it was hot, sunny and very much place” in a sunken space in the main “shirt sleeve” weather, with a real exhibition hall. The Curry Fund gave a danger of sunburn! The Rock Circus was grant to the Museum towards the the brain-child of Elizabeth Devon, a conservation of this marine reptile, so retired geology teacher who is brilliant the day was in part to celebrate its final at engaging children (and the not so resting place and to enjoy the splendid John Ludden, BGS Director, working on a young!) in the fun of discovering the facilities of the updated Museum. A Jurassic diaorama secrets of the rocks. For those of you bonus was the arrival of Eric Robinson with children who are close enough to to help with the Rockwatch activities visit the site, I would urge you to do so, and to enthuse the visitors with his perhaps looking at the website before geo-stories and experiences. In spite of setting off as this will make the visit so the almost ceaseless rain, we had lots much more worthwhile of excited visitors during the day in the (www.boxrockcircus.org.uk). After a education room, which we shared with busy morning studying the Rock Circus, a number of local groups and Museum answering Elizabeth’s searching “20 staff, running a range of non-stop Questions” and a picnic lunch at the activities. site, we all bundled into our cars to find Our final public event of this session Brown’s Folly, a nearby Jurassic SSSI was the Lyme Regis Fossil Festival over where, much to our astonishment, we the early May Bank Holiday weekend. encountered a wedding in full swing, The weather was kind, very sunny, a Rockwatchers helping at BGS Family Day which answered our question as to why cool wind, but bright and cheerful with GA magazine of the Geologists’ Association Vol. 12, No. 2, 2013 29 08554 Geologists Mag Vol 12 No. 2_mag41.qxd 28/05/2013 15:07 Page 30

Curry Fund Report The Committee received six new rescheduled for early June when it is hoped all applications at its March meeting of which risk of snow has gone! The booklets produced four were awarded grants, one refused and by the Scarborough Museums Trust on the one pending. Geoconservation Staffordshire Rotunda Museum and the William Smith trail was offered a grant of £1,000 towards the cost have now been printed as has the Abberley & of updating and reprinting its Hamps & Malvern Hills Geopark leaflet. In mid May, I Manifold Geotrail leaflet, which has proved was invited to the official inauguration of the most popular since it was first published some Box Rock Circus. This project was the years ago with a major launch at the site. The brainchild of Elizabeth Devon (see my Powysland Museum requested £1, 862.50 to Rockwatch report on page 29 of this issue). Rockwatchers at Brown’s Folly near Box develop its Fossil Display and a workshop Professor Iain Stewart of Plymouth University “Fossils as Therapy” for adults using fossils performed the official ceremony which was that have been in their store for more than 50 attended by lots of people and, as far as I years and have interesting historical could tell, all the local school children, in connections. After some discussion the full spite of the cold, wet rain, a far cry from the grant was offered. The Department of Earth beautiful weather a few weeks previously Sciences at Bristol University requested when I took a Rockwatch group to explore it. £3,000 towards the cost of its display at the Once again we’ve had an interesting mix of Royal Society’s Summer Exhibition projects to which we’ve given support. Our highlighting current research into the fossil Guidelines for Applicants and an application record of colours of fossil insects and feathers. form are on the GA website, and the The applicant has agreed to give a talk at this Committee meets four times a year in March, year’s Festival of Geology (FoG), put on a June, September and December. Applications display at the FoG and write a short article for should be in the office by 20th of the month the GA Magazine, all of which she has agreed preceding each meeting. We look forward to Tom Sharpe and the fabulous fossil plants to do. She was warded £1,000. The organiser your application! lots of visitors. The Friday was Primary of the Lyme Regis Fossil Festival requested Schools’ Day with virtually non-stop £2,000 towards supporting the production of Susan Brown classes throughout the day. We were the Festival programme and website. It was Curry Fund Secretary fortunate with our helpers - GA members agreed to offer £1,500 with the Curry Fund running hands-on activities with mainly logo required to be displayed on the website local fossils which the youngsters and programme. enjoyed, especially as they were allowed A request from the Sperrins Gateway to touch them. The public days, Saturday Geodiversity Project – Spurs of Rock - for and Sunday, we continued with the £6,000 to develop a geodiversity booklet, trail hands-on local fossils and added Jurassic dioramas, wax fossil rubbing and making and educational resources was refused. After eurypterids – all great favourites and considerable discussion, it was suggested the keeping everyone extremely busy. We applicants reapply when they have more were fortunate to have former and clearly defined ideas for the project and which current Rockwatch members as should include a significant geological additional and much needed helpers for component. In the meantime, they were given the last two days, including one current details of local geologists who might be able Elizabeth, Iain, the BBC and some of the PhD student (a former Rockhound to help them with the development and many children at Box Rock Circus Challenge winner, now superceded by our inclusion of more geology. The University of annual Rockstar competition) with whom the West Indies requested £2,874.28 for we had temporarily lost touch and are storage facilities for its Cretaceous now reunited! Biostratigraphic Collections so they can be So, for a relatively “quiet period” in the more effectively used in teaching and Rockwatch calendar, we have had a busy research. Members of the Committee had few months. Our young Rockwatchers hoped to garner support from other are truly privileged. I and they, are organisations towards the cost of housing this really grateful to all those wonderful colleagues who give their time and important collection, but to date this has not expertise so generously to support these proved feasible. The application will now go young people throughout the range of back to the Committee for further Rockwatch activities. Their enthusiasm consideration. and professional expertise is second to There were a number of “matters arising” Iain Stewart and Elizabeth Devon before the non. A number of our current members from previous minutes including the Ellie rain really started will be the professional geologists and Ness information boards. The applicant and teachers of the future and they are designer are working on the final drafts so the indeed fortunate to get such a good start project can be signed off by the Committee on their way up the ladder. My thanks to shortly. The Tegg’s Nose Rocks leaflet all of you for your generous help and highlighting a geotrail around Tegg’s Nose support. Country Park in Macclesfield Cheshire has been published and was to be launched jointly with the Curry Fund, Rockwatch, Cheshire Susan Brown East Council and the Countryside Park Ranger Rockwatch Chair service in late March, but unfortunately was cancelled because all local roads were closed by snow! The launch has now been Side of rubbing block, note CF logo 30 Magazine of the Geologists’ Association Vol. 12, No. 2, 2013 08554 Geologists Mag Vol 12 No. 2_mag41.qxd 28/05/2013 15:07 Page 31

Crossword Puzzle by ‘Longshanks’

Completed crosswords be sent to: Sarah Stafford¸ The Geologists Association, Burlington House, Piccadilly, London W1J 0DU or scanned and emailed to: [email protected] before 30th June 2013. Prize for the first correct crossword to pulled from the hat: GA Guide of your choice. Please send your email address and telephone so we can contact you quickly if you are the lucky winner!

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