Baylor University Aided FBI in Waco Firestorm
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Waco: Ten Years After (2003 Fleming Lectures in Religion)
Waco: Ten Years After 2003 Fleming Lectures in Religion Edited by David Tabb Stewart Special Issue Fall 2003 The Brown Working Papers in the Arts and Sciences is a series of professional papers from Southwestern University faculty, current and former students, and staff. These papers are available to interested parties on-line at southwestern.edu/academic/bwp/ or by contacting current editor Professor Eric Selbin, Department of Political Science at [email protected]. Papers are made available through the support of the Office of the Provost and the Brown Foundation’s Distinguished Research Professor Program. Material herein should not be quoted or cited without the permission of the author(s) Copyright © 2003 by David Tabb Stewart Georgetown, Texas Republication rights for author’s article revert to the author upon publication here. All other rights reserved. TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword.............................................................................................................................iv Fleming Lectures in Religion: Mt. Carmel’s Lessons on Millennialism, Persecution and Violence Catherine Wessinger.................................................................................................1 The Waco Tragedy: A Watershed for Religious Freedom and Human Rights? James T. Richardson ..............................................................................................21 Why Crisis Negotiations at Mt. Carmel Really Failed: Disinformation, Dissension, and Psychological Warfare Stuart A. Wright.....................................................................................................42 -
Imagining the End
Imagining the End Imagining the End: Visions of Apocalypse from the Ancient Middle East to Modern America Edited by Abbas Amanat and Magnus Bernhardsson I.B.Tauris Publishers LONDON • NEW YORK Published in by I.B.Tauris & Co Ltd, Salem Road, London Fifth Avenue, New York www.ibtauris.com In the United States of America and in Canada distributed by St. Martin’s Press, Fifth Avenue, New York Copyright © I.B.Tauris & Co Ltd, All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations in a review, this book, or any part thereof, may not be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. A full record for this book is available from the British Library A full record for this book is available from the Library of Congress Library of Congress catalog card: available Set in Monotype Ehrhardt and Franklin Gothic Heavy by Ewan Smith, London Printed and bound in Great Britain by MPG Books Ltd, Bodmin Contents Preface vii List of Contributors ix Introduction: Apocalyptic Anxieties and Millennial Hopes in the Salvation Religions of the Middle East Abbas Amanat Part I Origins Mesopotamia and the End of Time Benjamin R. Foster Millennialism and Eschatology in the Zoroastrian Tradition Philip G. Kreyenbroek The Biblical Roots of Apocalyptic Robert R. Wilson Part II Judaism, Christianity and Islam Eschatological Dynamics and Utopian Ideals in Early Judaism John J. Collins The Messiah and the Millennium: The Roots of Two Jewish– Christian Symbols Harold W. -
The Branch Davidian Siege and Its Impact on the Media and Scholarship
THE BRANCH DAVIDIAN SIEGE AND ITS IMPACT ON THE MEDIA AND SCHOLARSHIP by AMY MARIE FLYNN (Under the Direction of Sandy Dwayne Martin) ABSTRACT Reviewing trends in the academic study of religion and examining media reports, attitudes towards new religious movements in American religious history shifted dramatically after the siege on the Branch Davidian compound. Surveying how scholars of religion and those in the media approached new religions, there is a notable shift in attitudes after the second raid on Mount Carmel. After the second raid in 1993, scholars published more work on new religious movements, and the media questioned its responsibility when chronicling such events. INDEX WORDS: American Religious History, New Religious Movements, David Koresh, Cults, Waco, Branch Davidian, Religion and Media, Religion and Politics, Discrimination, Religious Freedom THE BRANCH DAVIDIAN SIEGE AND ITS IMPACT ON THE MEDIA AND SCHOLARSHIP by AMY MARIE FLYNN B.A., Mary Washington College, 2003 A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of The University of Georgia in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree MASTER OF ARTS ATHENS, GEORGIA 2006 © 2006 Amy Marie Flynn All Rights Reserved THE BRANCH DAVIDIAN SIEGE AND ITS IMPACT ON THE MEDIA AND SCHOLARSHIP by AMY MARIE FLYNN Major Professor: Sandy Dwayne Martin Committee: Carolyn Jones Medine William L. Power Electronic Version Approved: Maureen Grasso Dean of the Graduate School The University of Georgia May 2006 iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank the students, staff, and faculty in the Department of Religion for their unwavering support and friendship. In particular, I would like to thank Dr. -
Masaryk University
MASARYK UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF EDUCATION Department of English Language and Literature The Tragedy of Branch Davidians in Waco, Texas Bachelor Thesis Brno 2020 Supervisor: Author: Mgr. Zdeněk Janík, M.A., Ph.D. Libor Muselík Bibliografický záznam Muselík, Libor. Tragédie sekty Davidánů ve městě Waco v Texasu. Bakalářská práce, Masarykova univerzita, 2020. Muselík, Libor. The Tragedy of Branch Davidians in Waco, Texas. Bachelor Thesis, Masaryk University, 2020. Anotace Bakalářská práce „Tragédie sekty Davidiánů ve městě Waco v Texasu“ se zaměřuje na konkrétní odnož křesťanské sekty Adventistů sedmého dne, která má český překlad Odvětví Davidiánů. Její historie v Texasu začíná na konci 30. let 20. století přestěhováním do menšího města Waco. A právě tato skupina na sebe na jaře roku 1993 na dva měsíce strhla obrovskou mediální pozornost, v USA podobnou přistání člověka na měsíci. To kvůli šílenému vůdci, dvěma neúspěšným útokům agentů amerických služeb, přestřelkám jako z Divokého západu a obléhání jako z časů středověku. Bohužel toto obléhání skončilo tragédií a požárem s desítkami obětí. Cílem této práce je v prvních kapitolách prozkoumat historii této sekty, poté přiblížit její apokalyptické lídry, a poslední kapitoly popíší samotné obléhání a tragické rozuzlení. Výzkum pro tuto bakalářskou práci se uskutečnil během mého studijního pobytu na McLennan Community College a v Texaském archivu Univerzity Baylor. Obě tyto instituce sídlí ve městě Waco, kde se tyto události odehrály. Součástí výzkumu je také rozhovor s profesorem z Univerzity Baylor, Robertem Dardenem který napsal knihu, jež je považována za nejvěrnější popis oněch událostí a byl jejich očitým svědkem. Annotation The bachelor thesis “The Tragedy of Branch Davidians in Waco, Texas „will focus on a particular branch of Christian protestant sect called Seventh Day Adventist, called Branch Davidians. -
Why Waco? Cults and the Battle for Religious Freedom in America
Why Waco? Cults and the Battle for Religious Freedom in America http://content.cdlib.org/xtf/view?docId=ft196n99ws&chunk.id=0&doc.... Preferred Citation: Tabor, James D., and Eugene V. Gallagher Why Waco?: Cults and the Battle for Religious Freedom in America. Berkeley: University of California Press, c1995 1995. http://ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/ft196n99ws/ Why Waco? Cults and the Battle for Religious Freedom in America James D. Tabor and Eugene V. Gallagher UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS Berkeley · Los Angeles · Oxford © 1997 The Regents of the University of California For David P. Efroymson in friendship and gratitude for a quarter century of intellectual guidance and for Jonathan Z. Smith, who taught both of us the importance of seeing ourselves in the light of the other and the other in the light of ourselves Preferred Citation: Tabor, James D., and Eugene V. Gallagher Why Waco?: Cults and the Battle for Religious Freedom in America. Berkeley: University of California Press, c1995 1995. http://ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/ft196n99ws/ For David P. Efroymson in friendship and gratitude for a quarter century of intellectual guidance and for Jonathan Z. Smith, who taught both of us the importance of seeing ourselves in the light of the other and the other in the light of ourselves Preface So thoroughly negative is the public perception of groups labeled as "cults" that any attempt to balance the picture may be seen as misguided, if not downright threatening, to the best interests of society. In the case of the Branch Davidians, the news media were saturated with reports of gun stockpiling, sexual misconduct, and child abuse. -
Chapter 2 - in the Beginning
Chapter 2 - In the Beginning Historical Context of the Raid To gain a better insight into the perspective of Federal law enforcement personnel toward the Branch Davidians, an understanding of the historical context of the initial raid is important. The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms (ATF), based upon their investigation, had very definite negative perceptions of David Koresh as a person, and a strong belief that some Branch Davidians posed a significant threat to other members of the group, the local community, and to law enforcement personnel. These perceptions provided the "terministic screen" through which raid preparations were made, and the initial "negotiations" post the shoot-out were conducted. Because the perceptions of the ATF and FBI are very important for this project, the bulk of the historical- contextual material will be drawn from two sources. The first is the Report of the Department of the Treasury on the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms Investigation of Vernon Wayne Howell also known as David Koresh, published in September of 1993, hereafter referred to as Treasury Report or (DOT). This was the official report commissioned by President Bill Clinton instructing the Treasury Department to investigate events leading up to the raid on February 28, 1993. It best represents ATF views before and after the raid. The second source was produced by the Justice Department and entitled Report to the Deputy Attorney General on the Events at Waco, Texas February 28 to April 19, 1993, Redacted Version, published on October 8, 1993, and hereafter referred to as Justice Report or (DOJ). -
Larry Potts, Former Fbi Assistant
WITNESSES: LARRY POTTS, FORMER FBI ASSISTANT DIRECTOR FOR CRIMINAL INVESTIGATIONS, ANTHONY BETZ, CS GAS EXPERT FOR THE FBI, DICK ROGERS, FORMER HEAD OF A HOSTAGE RESCUE TEAM, JEFFREY JAMAR, FORMER FBI SPECIAL AGENT IN CHARGE IN SAN ANTONIO, BYRON SAGE, FBI SUPERVISOR IN AUSTIN, TEXAS THURSDAY, JULY 27, 1995 REP. ZELIFF: The Joint Oversight Committees on Waco will now come to order. Today gets into our seventh day of oversight hearings on Executive Branch conduct at Waco. And this, probably to everyone's great disappointment, will be a fairly short day. In other words, we hope to be done by 1: 00. If we are not done with the panel at 1: 00, there is a mark-up that will go on we think between 1: 00 and 3: 00. We will then recess, subject to the call of the chair, for approximately two hours, reconvene hopefully around 3: 00, and then finish up. In any ways analysis, I think that's a short day. We'll be having short openings by the chairs and the ranking members. And we will only have one panel today. We have to question a central and much discussed group of a very important group of major people -- the FBI decision-makers. We'll hear from Mr. Larry Potts, the former assistant director of the FBI, Criminal Investigations Division. He was a key person at the events at Waco. We will hear from two individuals we heard from from yesterday -- Mr. Jeff Jamar, the special agent in charge and on-scene commander at Waco; and Mr. -
The Waco Disaster and the Militarization of American Law Enforcement
The University of Akron IdeaExchange@UAkron Akron Law Review Akron Law Journals July 2015 Can Soldiers Be Peace Officers? The aW co Disaster and the Militarization of American Law Enforcement David B. Kopel Paul M. Blackman Please take a moment to share how this work helps you through this survey. Your feedback will be important as we plan further development of our repository. Follow this and additional works at: http://ideaexchange.uakron.edu/akronlawreview Part of the Law Enforcement and Corrections Commons, and the State and Local Government Law Commons Recommended Citation Kopel, David B. and Blackman, Paul M. (1997) "Can Soldiers Be Peace Officers? The aW co Disaster and the Militarization of American Law Enforcement," Akron Law Review: Vol. 30 : Iss. 4 , Article 2. Available at: http://ideaexchange.uakron.edu/akronlawreview/vol30/iss4/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Akron Law Journals at IdeaExchange@UAkron, the institutional repository of The nivU ersity of Akron in Akron, Ohio, USA. It has been accepted for inclusion in Akron Law Review by an authorized administrator of IdeaExchange@UAkron. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Kopel and Blackman: Can Soldiers Be Peace Officers? CAN SOLDIERS BE PEACE OFFICERS? THE WACO DISASTER AND THE MILITARIZATION OF AMERICAN LAW ENFORCEMENT by DAVID B. KOPEL * and PAUL M. BLACKMAN ** I. INTRODUCTION One of the most significant trends of federal law enforcement in the last fifteen years has been its militarization. The logical, perhaps inevitable, conse- quence of that militarization was seen in the disaster at Waco, Texas, resulting in the deaths of four federal agents, and seventy-six other men, women, and chil- dren. -
51 Days at Waco
Crisis Negotiation University of Western Sydney 51 Days at Waco Aspects of Crisis Negotiation Paul Hemphill 32 Watkin Street Newtown, NSW 2042 9952 5503 September 2003 51 Days at Waco Aspects of Crisis Negotiation Contents 1. Forward: The Memory of Waco page 3 2. Aspects of Crisis Negotiation page 4 3. Bibliography page 14 4. Appendices page 15 2 Forward The Memory of Waco In February 1993, armed Federal agents attempted to enter the Branch Davidian commune at Mount Carmel, near Waco, Texas, in order to serve criminal warrants for weapons violations. Violence ensued, killing four agents and wounding sixteen. This initiated the longest standoff in US law enforcement history. Never before or since has so much firepower been brought to bear on American civilians. The siege ended fifty-one days later when Federal forces stormed the compound with tanks and tear gas. Fire erupted in the compound killing all the remaining Davidians. The final death toll exceeded ninety people, including twenty-seven children. It was precipitated by an the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco & Firearms (BATF), which instituted an armed raid against armed offenders who were warned in advance of their action and who repelled them with injuries and loss of life on both sides. The Davidians were subsequently to argue that they fired in self-defense. The authorities claim that it was an ambush and murder. The siege followed, with the FBI being called in to take over the negotiations. The day after the Waco fire, President Clinton said: “I do not think the United States government is responsible for the fact that a bunch of religious fanatics decided to kill themselves”.1 Waco means different things to different people. -
Interview with Stuart Wright
DEADLY ENCOUNTER AT MOUNT CARMEL: THE BRANCH DAVIDIAN-FEDERAL AGENCY CONFRONTATION February 28-April 19, 1993 An interview with Dr. Stuart A. Wright ************************************* The Branch Davidian community founded in 1955 at Mount Carmel Center, outside of Waco, Texas, was an offshoot of a previous sectarian offshoot of Seventh-day Adventism, the Davidians established in Waco in 1935. The Branch Davidian community was relatively small, peaceful, and unknown even to residents in the region. It was in 1981 that then twenty-two- year-old Vernon Howell, who later changed his name to David Koresh, first arrived at Mount Carmel. After a period of internal turmoil and a struggle for control of the group, David Koresh assumed control of the movement by the mid-1980s. His group lived away from Mount Carmel from 1984 to 1988, when they returned to take control of the Mount Carmel property. They began renovating the community property and continued their active proselytization campaign. In 1989, as part of his messianic mission, Koresh began teaching a “New Light” doctrine that all the women in the group were to be his wives while all men were to remain celibate. The implementation of this doctrine soon led to defections and allegations of illicit sexual activity. The community drew the attention of Texas Child Protective Services in 1992 over allegations that Koresh was sexually abusing children (but the case was closed due to lack of evidence) and the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms (ATF) over allegations that weapons were being converted from semi-automatic to automatic without proper license application and fee payment. -
Joint Hearing of Thecrime Subcommittee of the House
JOINT HEARING OF THECRIME SUBCOMMITTEE OF THE HOUSE JUDICIARY COMMITTEE AND THE NATIONAL SECURITY INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE SUBCOMMITTEE OF THE HOUSE GOVERNMENT REFORM AND OVERSIGHT COMMITTEE SUBJECT: REVIEW OF SIEGE OF BRANCH DAVIDIANS' COMPOUND IN WACO, TEXAS CHAIRED BY: REPRESENTATIVE BILL MCCOLLUM (R-FL) AND REPRESENTATIVE BILL ZELIFF (R-NH) WITNESSES: FLOYD CLARK, DEPUTY DIRECTOR, FBI EDWARD DENNIS, FORMER ASSISTANT ATTORNEY GENERAL R. J. CRAIG, SPECIAL AGENT, FBI JAMES MCGEE, SPECIAL AGENT, FBI JOHN MORRISON, SPECIAL AGENT, FBI DICK ROGERS, HOSTAGE RESCUE TEAM, FBI BYRON SAGE, FBI, AUSTIN, TEXAS JEFFREY JAMAR, FBI, SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS 2154 RAYBURN HOUSE OFFICE BUILDING WASHINGTON, DC 10:17 A.M. MORNING SESSION MONDAY, JULY 31, 1995 REP. ZELIFF: The joint hearings of the Oversight Subcommittee on National Security and the Judiciary Subcommittee on Crime will now come to order. (Sounds gavel.) We have some good news to report. The ranking minority on our committee -- her husband John had major surgery yesterday at 1: 00 p. m. He had a kidney transplant at Shantz (sp) Teaching Hospital, University of Florida in Gainesville. And all signs are very positive for a very successful outcome. She certainly made the right decision; she's with her husband and will be there today and tomorrow, and all our prayers and best wishes go to Karen Thurman and -- and her husband John. As we move into day nine of oversight hearings in the conduct of the executive branch at Waco, it seems to me that our bipartisan overall purpose -- shedding light on those events, putting the record straight, and preventing future Wacos -- is being achieved in spades. -
The Massacre of the Branch Davidians Page 1 of 96
The Massacre of the Branch Davidians Page 1 of 96 THE MASSACRE OF THE BRANCH DAVIDIANS A STUDY OF GOVERNMENT VIOLATIONS OF RIGHTS, EXCESSIVE FORCE AND COVER UP January 28, 1994 By Carol Moore, (c) 1994 [1] In consultation with: Alan Forschler Ian Goddard James A. Long Richard J. Sanford Timothy Seims Andrew Williams COMMITTEE FOR WACO JUSTICE, P.O. Box 33037, Washington, D.C. 20033, 202/986-1847 202/797-9877 Please Feel Free to Copy and Distribute! Copying for non-commercial distribution encouraged. TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1. The Public Must Know the Truth 2. Justice Must Be Done 3. Past Wacos: Government's "Historic Interest in Breaking Up Armed Groups" 4. BATF and FBI Persecution of Randy Weaver 5. Government Reliance on "Private Spies" and "Cult Busters" 6. The History of the Branch Davidians 7. Non-Weapons-Related Allegations Against David Koresh BATF-TREASURY DEPARTMENT VIOLATIONS OF RIGHTS, EXCESSIVE FORCE AND COVERUP: THE FEBRUARY 28, 1993 RAID ON THE BRANCH DAVIDIANS 1. BATF Ignored Branch Davidians' Legal Gun Business 2. BATF Found No Evidence Weapons Were Purchased Illegally 3. "Probable Cause" Based on Biased Information About Intent 4. "Probable Cause" Based on Religious and Political Beliefs 5. Other Irregularities in the February 25, 1993 Affidavit 6. BATF Ignored Branch Davidian Attempts to Cooperate 7. Questionable Grounds for a Paramilitary Raid 8. Government Multi-Task Force Makes for "Partners in Crime" 9. Dubious Drug Allegations to Obtain Helicopters for Free 10. Chronology of the February 28, 1993 BATF Raid 11. BATF Used Excessive Force to Serve Warrant 12.