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Roman Achievements

• Read through this packet and answer the quesons on your handout. • Once finished, tape your handout into your journal so that it can be used as a reference. Roman Achievements The Romans developed innovaons that are sll used today because: 1. ’s locaon along the Mediterranean Sea allowed for trade & cultural diffusion with other cultures 2. Through cultural diffusion, the Romans borrow ideas other civilizaons like the Greeks and improved upon these ideas 3. The wealth of the , especially in the , allowed the Romans to promote culture & invenon Roman Architecture • The Romans were tremendous builders who improved upon Greek designs with two new architectural features: & domes – Arches – curved structures over an opening that can support its own weight – were used by the Romans to create enormous buildings – Domes – created open spaces in buildings • The Romans built arenas so thousands of people could aend “circuses” (entertainment events). 1. Using your smart device, look up 2 buildings that displays Roman Architecture. Roman Architecture • Compare the images Who of the Roman Coliseum influenced the & the Cowboy Stadium Romans in 2. Write three architecture? similaries that you can • What is one see (or can assume) unique about their architecture characterisc of Roman building? • Sketch an . Roman Religion • Romans were inially polytheisc and required that conquered people show respect for their gods. • During the Pax Romana, Chrisanity began and spread along the and trade routes throughout the Roman Empire. • Early Chrisans were persecuted for their beliefs – some became martyrs who sacrificed themselves for their beliefs. Roman Religion Staon Acvity: 1. Examine the meline. What are the 3 most important events in the history of Chrisanity during the Roman Empire?

2. Examine the religion chart below. List the top 3 world religions in terms of the number of followers. Roman • Roman were made by the and then posted for the people to see, called the . • The Roman legal system included a criminal system with and so people accused of could defend themselves. Witnesses could be called to give witness tesmony. • allowed anyone – including the poor and slaves – to accuse others of crimes. Roman Law Texas Law (Senate Bill 360, House Bill 23) Staon Acvity: "No person shall operate a motor vehicle Examine the excerpt from on any public or highway while using a new Texas law. a wireless telecommunicaons device to 1.Assuming that the write, send, or read any text message, of Texas borrowed ideas instant message, electronic mail, or from the Romans, what Internet data.” similaries can you make between Texas laws and “In addion, no persons under the age of Roman laws? 18 years of age may use a wireless telecommunicaons device while operang 2.If a officer unfairly gave you a cket for a motor vehicle.” texng while driving, what “The fine for offenders will be $150 and Roman legal ideas could one point on their driver license, the new you use? law goes into effect on July 1st, 2010.” Source: Texas Law Code, published 2010 Roman Government • In 509 BC, the Romans overthrew the last Roman king and established a new form of government, known as a republic • The Romans created a republic to prevent any one person from gaining too much power. • They had a Senate, made up of 300 men, that made laws and selected two Consuls to command the army and run the day-to-day affairs of Rome. Roman Government Staon Acvity: Match each descripon of American government with its equal from the : American Gov’t Roman Republic 1. Voters: The people elect their gov’t leaders A. Consuls 2. President: Runs the gov’t & enforces the B. Senators laws passed by Congress 3. Senate: Lawmakers C. elected by the people; only 2 per state, so its a presgious posion D. Cizen 4. House of Assemblies Representaves: Lawmakers elected by the people; Serve 2 year terms so its not as presgious as the Senate

• The Romans built the largest and longest- lasng network of roads in the ancient world. • At the height of the empire, Roman roads stretched for 56,000 and included 29 major highways. • At first the roads were built to move soldiers quickly, but eventually the routes served many people and purposes, including trade. Roman Roads Staon Acvity: What did the Romans use the road Today, we use a similar system to make systems for? (2 ways) roads. What layer do we no longer use?

1. 2. Roman Aqueducts • One of the Roman’s greatest and most praccal engineering feats was the channeling of water to their towns and cies • Roman engineers built the aqueducts to move the cold, clear water from springs over 250 miles into towns. • Some of the aqueducts are sll standing and in use. One in is a two-ered aqueduct that is 95 feet above the ground and is 2,388 feet long! Roman Aqueducts Staon Acvity: 1. If the curvy line between the lake and the Roman city represents hills and valleys, how would the Romans get the water to the city? Sketch the hills with the aqueduct in your notes. Roman Language • Roman conquest spread Lan through much of . Over me, different regions in Europe developed languages based on Lan. • Languages based on Lan are known as . • Words in the five major Romance languages oen sound alike – for example, the Lan word for “freedom”, libertas, translates as liberta in Italian, liberte in French, libertad in Spanish, liberdade in Portuguese, and libertate in Romanian. Roman Language

Staon Acvity: 1. Noce how many modern language come from Lan. Guess each of the three words in the “Modern English” box and write them in your notes.

? ? ? • The Romans began using a new solar calendar that was borrowed heavily from the Egypan calendar and had been improved by the scholars of . • This new calendar (called the “ calendar” aer Julius ) had 365 days and 1 extra day every fourth year. • July was named aer because it included his birthday. Roman Calendar

Staon Acvity: Three months on the are named aer famous Romans.

1. What are two of the months? 2. Who are they named aer? Roman Civil Service • Rome’s 1st emperor, , created several systems to help himself rule in enormous empire beer. • Augustus set up a civil service where he paid workers to manage the affairs of the government. • These bureaucrats helped oversee the empire by keeping track of grain, the roads, the postal service and all other things needed to run an empire. Roman Civil Service Staon Acvity: Answer these quesons: 1. Why do you think that Augustus formed the civil service? 2. Name 3 civil service jobs that allow the president to do his job beer Literature

• Stoicism, a philosophy borrowed from the Greeks, encouraged virtue, duty, moderaon, and endurance • The most potent example of this ideal is the Aeneid, wrien by • Aeneid tells the story of Aeneas, (fought at Troy) who wandered around the Mediterranean having adventures unl seling eventually in Rome Reflecon: answer the following quesons below your notes over Pax Romana • Why do you think scholars call the era of the Pax Romana Rome’s “golden age”?

• Which Roman achievement do you think is most important? Rank order the achievements from 1-10