Of Positivism and the History of Economic Thought
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Legal Pragmatism: Banal Or Beneficial As a Jurisprudential Position? Brian E
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by CommonKnowledge Essays in Philosophy Volume 3 Article 14 Issue 2 Pragmatism and Neopragmatism 6-2002 Legal Pragmatism: Banal or Beneficial as a Jurisprudential Position? Brian E. Butler The University of North Carolina at Asheville Follow this and additional works at: http://commons.pacificu.edu/eip Part of the Philosophy Commons Recommended Citation Butler, Brian E. (2002) "Legal Pragmatism: Banal or Beneficial as a Jurisprudential Position?," Essays in Philosophy: Vol. 3: Iss. 2, Article 14. Essays in Philosophy is a biannual journal published by Pacific nivU ersity Library | ISSN 1526-0569 | http://commons.pacificu.edu/eip/ Legal Pragmatism Essays in Philosophy A Biannual Journal Volume 3, Number 2 Legal Pragmatism: Banal or Beneficial as a Jurisprudential Position? I. Introduction Legal pragmatism is a visible movement in law academia today. The group advocating this stance is composed of a wide-ranging and diverse set of individuals. The list includes Daniel Farber,1 Thomas Grey,2 Margaret Radin3 and Judge Richard Posner4 among many others. Advocates of this stance insist that adoption a pragmatic conception of law practice can help law as a social tool function more effectively. More specifically legal pragmatism is advocated as a judicial stance. A glance at the group listed as legal pragmatists raises the question of whether there is a cohesive center to such a stance. If right-wing judges and leftist-feminists can advocate the same stance something is definitely suspicious. One suspects that there might not be any guts to a stance that can claim adherents from such otherwise radically opposed camps. -
Theory and Reality
an introduction to the philosophy of science ........................................................... SCIENCE AND ITS CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATIONS A SERIES EDITED BY DAVID L. HULL THEORY AND REALITY ........................................................... Peter Godfrey-Smith is associate professor of philosophy and of his tory and philosophy of science at Stanford University. He is the author PETER GODFREY-SMITH of Complexity and the Function ofMind in Nature. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago 60637 The University of Chicago Press, Ltd., London © 2003 by The University of Chicago All rights reserved. Published 2003 Printed in the United States of America 12 II 100908 45 ISBN: 0-226-30062-5 (cloth) ISBN: 0-226-30063-3 (paper) Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Godfrey-Smith, Peter. Theory and reality: an introduction to the philosophy of science I Peter Godfrey-Smith. p. cm. - (Science and its conceptual foundations) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-226-30062-5 (alk. paper) - ISBN 0-226-30063-3 (pbk. : alk. The University of Chicago Press / Chicago and London paper) I. Science-Philosophy. I. Title. II. Series. QI75 .G596 2003 501-dc2I 2002155305 @ The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Information Sciences-Perma nence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1992. 56 Chapter Three Later (especially in chapter 14) I will return to these problems. But in the next chapter we will look at a philosophy that gets a good part of its motivation from the frustrations discussed in this chapter. Further Reading 4...................................................................................... Once again, Hempel's Aspects ofScientific Explanation (1965) is a key source, con Popper: Conjecture and Refutation taining a long (and exhausting) chapter on confirmation. -
Positivism and the 'New Archaeology'
2 Positivism and the 'new archaeology' 'Recipes for the Good Society used to run, in caricature, something like this - (1) Take about 2,000 hom. sap., dissect each into essence and accidents and discard the accidents. (2) Place essences in a large casserole, add socialising syrup and stew until conflict disappears. (3) Serve with a pinch of salt.' (Hollis 1977, p. 1) 'The wish to establish a natural science of society . probably remains, in the English speaking world at least, the dominant standpoint today . But those who still wait for a Newton are not only waiting for a train that won't arrive, they're in the wrong station altogether.' (Giddens 1976, p. 13) Introduction How should archaeologists come to have knowledge of the past? What does this knowl- edge involve? What constitutes an explanation of what archaeologists find? This chapter considers the answer to these questions accepted by the 'new' archaeology; it considers epistemological issues raised by a study of the past in the archaeological literature post- dating 1960. New archaeology has embraced explicitly and implicitly a positivist model of how to explain the past and we examine the treatment of the social world as an exten- sion of the natural, the reduction of practice lo behaviour, the separation of'reality', the facts, from concepts and theories. We criticize testing, validation and the refutation of theory as a way of connecting theory and the facts, emphasizing all observation as theory-laden. The new archaeology polemically opposed itself to traditional 'normative' archaeology as a social science and we begin the chapter with a consideration of this change and why it took place. -
Oikos and Economy: the Greek Legacy in Economic Thought
Oikos and Economy: The Greek Legacy in Economic Thought GREGORY CAMERON In the study of the history of economic thought, there has been a tendency to take the meaning of the term “economics” for granted. As a consequence, when considering economic thought in ancient Greece, we turn to what the Greeks said about wealth, about money or about interest. This seems relatively straightforward. Problems emerge when we consider that the term “economics” had a different meaning in ancient Greece than it does today. As a rule, we project back onto history what we mean by “economics” and more or less ignore what it meant during the period in question. On one level, there is nothing wrong with this way of proceeding; after all we have no choice, ultimately, but to study the past with the concepts that are at our disposal. But the procedure can have certain drawbacks. The tendency of positive investigations is that they risk overlooking the kinds of transformations that give rise to our own concerns and even what is essential to our own thought and assumptions. The term “economics” has a long and varied history; the following is a brief attempt to turn things on their head and consider the history of economics not from the perspective of the modern notion of economics, but from the perspective of its ancient Greek ancestor and to begin to indicate the non-obvious ways in which the Greek legacy continues to inform even our most recent economies. As such, while brief mention is made of some modern economic historians, the primary focus is on the meaning of PhaenEx 3, no. -
Meta-Metaphysics on Metaphysical Equivalence, Primitiveness, and Theory Choice
J. Benovsky Meta-metaphysics On Metaphysical Equivalence, Primitiveness, and Theory Choice Series: Synthese Library, Vol. 374 ▶ Contains original research in analytic metaphysics and meta- metaphysics ▶ Offers a detailed and innovative discussion of metaphysical equivalence ▶ Explores the role of aesthetic properties of metaphysical theories from an original angle Metaphysical theories are beautiful. At the end of this book, Jiri Benovsky defends the view that metaphysical theories possess aesthetic properties and that these play a crucial role when it comes to theory evaluation and theory choice. Before we get there, the philosophical path the author proposes to follow starts with three discussions 1st ed. 2016, XI, 135 p. 20 illus. of metaphysical equivalence. Benovsky argues that there are cases of metaphysical equivalence, cases of partial metaphysical equivalence, as well as interesting cases of theories that are not equivalent. Thus, claims of metaphysical equivalence can only be Printed book raised locally. The slogan is: the best way to do meta-metaphysics is to do first-level Hardcover metaphysics.To do this work, Benovsky focuses on the nature of primitives and on the ISBN 978-3-319-25332-9 role they play in each of the theories involved. He emphasizes the utmost importance of primitives in the construction of metaphysical theories and in the subsequent evaluation ▶ 89,99 € | £79.99 of them. He then raises the simple but complicated question: how to make a choice ▶ *96,29 € (D) | 98,99 € (A) | CHF 106.50 between competing metaphysical theories? If two theories are equivalent, then perhaps we do not need to make a choice. But what about all the other cases of non-equivalent "equally good" theories? Benovsky uses some of the theories discussed in the first part of the book as examples and examines some traditional meta-theoretical criteria for theory choice (various kinds of simplicity, compatibility with physics, compatibility with intuitions, explanatory power, internal consistency,...) only to show that they do not allow us to make a choice. -
A Phenomenological Research*
KURAM VE UYGULAMADA EĞİTİM BİLİMLERİ EDUCATIONAL SCIENCES: THEORY & PRACTICE Received: March 15, 2016 Revision received: September 5, 2016 Copyright © 2017 EDAM Accepted: October 26, 2016 www.estp.com.tr OnlineFirst: December 12, 2016 DOI 10.12738/estp.2017.1.0216 February 2017 17(1) 237–263 Research Article Building the Professional Identity of Research Assistants: A Phenomenological Research* Hilal Büyükgöze1 Feyza Gün2 Hacettepe University Hacettepe University Abstract This research aims to investigate the determining factors in how research assistants build their professional identity. In the study, which is a qualitative research method patterned on phenomenology, data was collected using a semi-structured interview form. Structured interviews were conducted with seven research assistants selected from a faculty of education at a state university in Ankara using the criterion sampling method. According to the research results, research assistants were determined to prefer taking faculty members as their role models in building their professional identity. They see this process as an opportunity to specialize in their field and improve themselves, feel that working at a pioneering university with prestige in its field increases their responsibilities, and are more enthusiastic about improving themselves in that direction. In relation to deficiencies in the process of building their professional identity, the participants stated that they have limited opportunities regarding practice and feel uncomfortable conducting research unrelated to their practice. The research results were discussed in the context of related literature, as well as the administrative and functional structure of the higher education system. Keywords Higher education • Professional identity • Building professional identity • Research assistant • Phenomenology * This study was conducted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Literature Review and Report Writing course, and the authors would like to express their grateful thanks to Dr. -
Aristotle & Locke: Ancients and Moderns on Economic Theory & The
Xavier University Exhibit Honors Bachelor of Arts Undergraduate 2015-4 Aristotle & Locke: Ancients and Moderns on Economic Theory & the Best Regime Andrew John Del Bene Xavier University - Cincinnati Follow this and additional works at: http://www.exhibit.xavier.edu/hab Part of the Ancient History, Greek and Roman through Late Antiquity Commons, and the Ancient Philosophy Commons Recommended Citation Del Bene, Andrew John, "Aristotle & Locke: Ancients and Moderns on Economic Theory & the Best Regime" (2015). Honors Bachelor of Arts. Paper 9. http://www.exhibit.xavier.edu/hab/9 This Capstone/Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Undergraduate at Exhibit. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Bachelor of Arts by an authorized administrator of Exhibit. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Aristotle & Locke: Ancients and Moderns on Economic Theory & the Best Regime Andrew John Del Bene Honors Bachelor of Arts – Senior Thesis Project Director: Dr. Timothy Quinn Readers: Dr. Amit Sen & Dr. E. Paul Colella Course Director: Dr. Shannon Hogue I respectfully submit this thesis project as partial fulfillment for the Honors Bachelor of Arts Degree. I dedicate this project, and my last four years as an HAB at Xavier University, to my grandfather, John Francis Del Bene, who taught me that in life, you get out what you put in. Del Bene 1 Table of Contents Introduction — Philosophy and Economics, Ancients and Moderns 2 Chapter One — Aristotle: Politics 5 Community: the Household and the Πόλις 9 State: Economics and Education 16 Analytic Synthesis: Aristotle 26 Chapter Two — John Locke: The Two Treatises of Government 27 Community: the State of Nature and Civil Society 30 State: Economics and Education 40 Analytic Synthesis: Locke 48 Chapter Three — Aristotle v. -
Philosophical Theories, Aesthetic Value, and Theory Choice
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by RERO DOC Digital Library J Value Inquiry (2013) 47:191–205 DOI 10.1007/s10790-013-9379-8 Philosophical Theories, Aesthetic Value, and Theory Choice Jiri Benovsky Published online: 18 June 2013 Ó Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2013 The practice of attributing aesthetic properties to scientific and philosophical theories is commonplace. Perhaps one of the most famous examples of such an aesthetic judgement about a theory is Quine’s in ‘On what there is’: ‘‘Wyman’s overpopulated universe is in many ways unlovely. It offends the aesthetic sense of us who have a taste for desert landscapes […]’’.1 Many other philosophers and scientists, before and after Quine, have attributed aesthetic properties to particular theories they are defending or rejecting. One often hears that a view is ‘‘elegant’’, ‘‘attractive’’, ‘‘beautiful’’, or even ‘‘sexy’’. The physicist Brian Greene decided to call the book, where he explains and defends the theory of superstrings for a general readership, ‘‘The elegant universe’’. And Dirac commented on general relativity theory thus: ‘‘The foundations of the theory are, I believe, stronger than what one could get simply from the support of experimental evidence. The real foundations come from the great beauty of the theory. […] It is the essential beauty of the theory which I feel is the real reason for believing in it’’.2 When defending four- dimensionalism, Ted Sider could not be more explicit: ‘‘It is easy to feel […]an intellectual joy in contemplating a theory so elegant and beautiful as four- dimensionalism, and it is tempting to accept the theory simply on this basis, utilizing arguments to rationalize more than justify’’.3 The list could go on and on. -
73 on Feminist Economics J
Indira mva/ Art No. ppl_fr_9400065 1^17 73 j on feminist economics Wilfred Dolfsma and Hella Hoppe abstract Feminist economics rightfully draws increasing attention from professional, mainstream economists. In this paper, we argue that one of the reasons for this is its increasingly coherent perspective on economic phenomena, challenging what is often perceived to be the staid mainstream of economic thought. We discuss methodological issues, some theoretical developments – notably on the household – and issues of economic policy. Feminist economics is argued to make important contributions, not least in the potential to provide suggestions for policy. We point to parallels between feminist economics and institutional economics, and argue that these relations might be strengthened to the benefit of both. keywords feminist economics; review; institutional economics; methodology; economic policy; economics of the household; institutions of the labour market feminist review 73 2003 1 (00–00) c 2003 Feminist Review. 0141-7789/03 $15 www.feminist-review.com introduction Over one and a half centuries ago, Charles Fourier ventured the view that the position of women in a society is an indicator of the general quality of its social system (Fourier, 1846: 132). He seems to have been somebody with insight, or at least foresight. Over the last few decades, according to Fourier’s index, many Western societies have progressed substantially. The progress has not been uni- directional, however. In more recent times, however, some deterioration can perhaps be observed. This article looks at the recent development of feminist economic thought and the extent to which government policy seems to have paid heed. -
Information to Users
INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced firom the microfilm master. UMT films the text directly fi’om the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter 6ce, while others may be fi’om any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing fi’om left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6” x 9” black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. UMI A Bell & Ifowell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor MI 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 THE EMERGENCE AND DEVELOPMENT OF ARABIC RHETORICAL THEORY. 500 C £.-1400 CE. DISSERTATION Presented m Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Khaiid Alhelwah, M.A. -
Capitalism and Morality ______
Capitalism and Morality _________________________ Carl Menger and Milton Friedman: Two Men Two Methods Two Schools Two Paths to Free Markets Brandon W. Holmes Wheeling Jesuit University Graduate 2006 History of Economic Thought Class, Dr. Younkins, April 19, 2006 Of the economists who defend the free market, there are two schools. One is the Austrian school and the other is the Chicago school. The two schools together rightly recognize the superiority of free market economy in both conforming to man’s nature and promoting his well-being. While scholars in the two schools agree on the superiority of the free market they differ, sometimes greatly, on their choice of method and argument that they use to discern, promote and defend its principles. These similarities and differences show themselves in the works of two scholars, Carl Menger and Milton Friedman, whose works comprise two paths to liberty; each path having its strengths and weaknesses. In addition to the significance of these paths to those interested in defending the free market, an understanding of them is also important to anyone seriously interested in political economy. Carl Menger: Solid Foundations of the Theoretical Austrian The Austrian school began with the works of economic philosopher Carl Menger in Vienna in the late Nineteenth century. His Principles of Economics broke new ground and laid the foundation for one of the most influential schools of economics ever founded when published in 1871. According to Younkins, Menger “destroyed the existing structure of economic science and, including both its theory and methodology, and put it on totally new foundations” (Younkins 2005, 17). -
Society for Occupational Health Psychology Newsletter
Society for Occupational Health Psychology Newsletter Winter 2020 - Volume 24 SOHP President’s Column It is ironic that a year which began with endless puns about “seeing clearly” and “looking forward” is now characterized by obscurity and ambiguity. I count my blessings that my family and close friends have been spared all but a few close Inside this issue encounters with the more difficult aspects of this year. I am thankful for many things that have transpired in 2020, in SOHP President’s Column ........... 1 spite of (and in some cases because of) the hard reset and Eulogy for Kari Lindstrom………….3 continuing wake-up calls that this year has included. Looking Diversity Perspectives ................. 3 forward, I am filled with hope for all the potential that exists for improvements in 2021 and the years to come. COVID-19: Job Market ................. 4 SIOP Updates .............................. 5 I am confident that when it comes to the Society for Occupa- GSI Committee Updates .............. 5 Christopher Cunningham, PhD tional Health Psychology (SOHP), great things are already happening. Even in a “normal” year, I would be proud of the EAHOP Updates .......................... 6 SOHP President work that the SOHP Executive Committee has been doing. Success for AIHA 2020 ................ 6 University of Tennessee at This is especially true over the past few months, as we have NIOSH NPPTL Commentary ........ 8 Chattanooga focused our attention on improving our membership experi- Upcoming Conferences ............... 10 ence and offerings, increasing our public education and out- reach efforts, and strengthening our connections with the broader world of occupation- al health and safety professionals.