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Rapid Rural Appraisal in Central Bandundu, Zaire N

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Rapid Rural Appraisal in Central Bandundu, Zaire N Report No. 6 Rapid Rural Appraisal in Central Bandundu, Zaire N I A N Nutrition in Agriculture Cooperative Agreement University of Arizona University of Kentucky January 1989 Supported by: USAID/Klnshasa and U.S. Department ofAgriculture, Office of International Cooperation and Development. Nutrition Economics Group, and the Bureau of Science and Technology, Office of Nutrition RAPID RURAL APPRAISAL IN CENTRAL BANDUNDU, ZAIRE Dr. Elizabeth Adelski USDA/University of Arizona Sita Lumbuenamo, Ingenieur Agronome USDA/University of Arizona Kebemba Mayombo, Ingenieur Agronome Direction de Vulgarisation Departement de Developpement Rural Kinshasa January 1989 Supported by: USAID/Kinshasa and U.S. Department of Agriculture, Office of International Cooperation and Development, Nutrition Economics Group, an-i the USAID Bureau of Science and Technology, Office of Nutrition 'oi Exect-ive Summay in the A rapid rural appraisal was carried cut in eleven collectivitds region of Zaire during August and September 1988. Forty-four central Bandundu with one villages were surveyed and household interviews were crducted hundred farm families. The primary objective of the study was to collect information on the regional system of agricultu-al production and the other major oompcnents of the rural ecnoiic system- fish farming, animal husbandry, off-farm employment and marketing. General inquiries regarding consumption patterns and specific information on household diet w-rc included in the survey. The information from this rural appraisal is inteded to help PROCAR/USAID 102 define constraints on develcpnent and identify potential interventions on two levels: in tenrs of the project area as a whole and in terms of the key characteristics of each of the eleven collectivites. The major cmponrents of the regional rural economic system are agriculture, fishing, husbandry and coum rce. The system of rotating, slash and burn agricultural production is practic3d in both the forest and savanna areas. The production of major crops (manioc, corn, rice, peanuts, squash seed, coffee) is destined for both consumption and canwece. Fish farming in the region's numerous water sources and fishirq in 'he rivers, is the secondary, complementary econumic activity; this product also is for both consumption and xuuerce. Animal husbandry ganerally is limited to small ruminants although cattle are raised throughout the region, particularly in the eastern and northern areas. The systsm of free grazing does not complement agricultural production, but in general the size of village herds is not large enough to constitute a serious constraint on agricultural production. The intra-regional differences between the northern zone of Iuu and the area south of the Kasai River are mainly in the former's emphasis on coffee production, fishing and riverine commerce. The ccmnercialization of agricultural products is of primary economic importance to the rural population. Sales are the major scurce of cash income for the villagers and they are seeking profitable comercial crops to add to their crop mix. Alternative activities for the off-farm generation of income are extremely limited for both men and women, which reinforces the importance of agricultural production and marketing. At the same time, the region's transportation and cam~rial systems pose critical constraints on marketing that directly affect the population's standard of living. Poor roads and bridges and the distance between dispersed villages in the region make transportation difficult and expensive for buyers frm the major urban market, Kinshasa. These conditions also limit the supply of essential crsumer goods such as medicine and agricultural inputs brought in to the rural areas. These factors effectively limit the villagers' selling and buying capacities, and constitute a significant constraint on regional development at the village level. 7he team leaders extend their thanks to Director Nkoy Baumbu, David Olscnr, Walter West, Toby Vaughan and Wendy Ascher of PROCAR for their excelant logistical support and help in organizing both the IRA workshop and the fieldwork. Walter West and Wendy Ascher deserve an extra thanks for their help n designing and pretesting the questionaires; we also thank Mr. West for identifying the research sites and visiting the FRA teans in Kalanganda to maintain logistical support. We, and the field staff, thank Mr. Bob Hall for teaching the workshop and participating in pretesting the questiaaires. The team leaders extend their thanks to the people cited below who participated in the RRA fieldwork and those who tabulated the data fram the questionaires. Interviewers: Luzolo Swani, Inyangi Bokinda Mbile, Kaziama Kamaxy, Kingadila Maba Daba, Kalolo Kaleman, Kapita Minsele, Kwanda Epala, Makuku Ndcng Intiar, and Maknxa. Interpreters: ump-ka Akonda, Masasi moskitit, and Pombo Nzalama. Data tabulators: Isengi Mburampay and Ansel Angesak. Drivers: Misinga Ik)y, Uganda Malosa, Mryayu Tamabulu, Manzangu Mbalm, Kahito Kilundu, Tshishimbi Makadi and Ndaba. Cooks: Venant, Ndala, and Mafui. We thank also Robert (MUfonkolo Ansionda) of PROCAR who spent long days and a few Sundays duplicating our questi.nnaie Finally, we wish to thank the faners who were interviewed in this survey. ZUBLE OF CuirNTS Page A. Methodology 1 1. Training workoshcp and questionnaire preest. 1 2. Questionnaire design 1 3. Researd sites and fieldwork organiZation 1 4. Data tabulation 2 B. Constraints n Regioal Development and Potential 5 Interventiois for PFDW 1. Aggregate levels for project interventions 5 2. Constraints on develcpint and potential 5 interventians 3. Topics for further research 8 4. The role of regional ncn-gaverrment 9 organizations C. The Villagers' Priorities for local Development 10 D. Credit 15 E. Farmer Cooperatives 16 F. Technical Assistance and Qrrent Projects 17 1. The national system of agricultu-al extension 18 agents 2. The missions 18 3. Qrrent projects in the region 19 4. The villagers' perspective 19 G. The Regional Marketing System 19 1. Regional marketing problem 20 2. Commercial crops and sales 20 3. Barter 22 4. Inconspicuus ansmrtion 22 H. land Rescurces and Agricultural Production 27 1. land Availability 27 2. Principal Crops 27 3. Cultural Practices 30 4. Agricultural labor 32 5. Rainfall cycles 33 6. labor Calendars and Gender 34 I. Forestry Resaarces 36 1. Oil palms 37 2. Raphia palms 37 3. Urena fiber 37 4. other fcrestry products 38 Table of otents (cant) Page J. Animl Husbandry 38 K. Hunting and Fishing 41 1. Hunting 41 2. Fishing 41 L. Ncn-Ajricultural E rmic Activities 44 1. Men 44 2. Women 46 M. General Pattern of Food Csmm ticna 47 1. Animal Products 48 2. Gathered Products 48 3. Food Taboos 48 4. Cocrlusicns 49 List of Tables Table 1. Research Villages Surveyed in the RRA 3 Table 2. Villagers' Felt Needs 11 Table 3. Villagers' First Priorities for Local Developint 12 Table 4. Villagers' Second Set of Priorities for Local Developmnt 13 Table 5. Villagers' Third Set of Priorities for Local Develcpment 14 Table 6. Production and Disposition of Major Cros 21 Table 7. Household Purciases of Consumer Goods and 24 Table 8. Affordable Cornsumer Goods That Are Not Available Locally 25 Table 9. Consumer Goods That are Needed but are Not Affordable 26 Table 10. Forest Crops and Savanna Crops 28 Table 11. Work Periods and Implementation 29 Table 12. Men's Agricultural Labor Calendar 34 Table 13. Women's Agricultural Labor Calendar 35 Table 14. Use of Forestry Resources, by Colle&:ivitA 36 Table 15. Market Prices of Major Forest Products 36 Table 16. Type of Livestock by Household and Region 40 Table 17. Percent of Households with Fisbpcuds 43 Table 18. Distribution of the Number of FishpCnds per Household 43 Table 19. Ownership of Fishponds within Households 43 Table 20. Men's Cash-Earning Activities 45 Table 21. Men's Wage labor 45 Table 22. Women's Cash-Earnin Activities 46 Fi t. K ~tU* S karo PROJECT 102 AREA (ZAIRE): COLLECTIVITES - -Collectivito Border .......-. Zone Border -... -. Sub-Region Bor4er M.il. ., Kmba , bo/L.._.4..LRegion Border - KI~lun ~ I / BosaAae ," 1 i I i "" Bat . ie F-.J bsnngo ,-J Kwee b.,ben. 4!. A rainin Vg ad ogstionnaire Pre Preparation for the RRAs began with an eight day training workshop taught by USDA cosultant Mr. Bob Hall. All of the interviewers and interpreters attended the workshop. nie overall objectives of the workshcp were to make the participants famri1 kr with the objectives of PRWCAR, allow them to review some of the studies done in the project area, learn about the links between agricultural production ari crsunption and becme familiar with the questionnaires and field techniques used in this RRA. The interpreen made a glossary in Kikcao of the key terms in the questionnaires, in order to improve the uniformity of data collection in the field. The interpreter who worked in emba and Batere added the key terms in Lingala and Sakata, the local languages. Pretesting the three questionnaires was part of the training. All the participants, Mr. Hall, the team leaders, Walter West (PROCAR) and Wendy Ascher (PFOCAR) participated in t-- pretest. Three villages in Nkara, a collectivitA in the project area, ere used as pretest sites: isongo, Mikingi and Msai. The next day the participants and team leaders me~t to discuss the revisions to be made in the questionnaires. Te questionnaires were pretested once more and then final revisions were made. Oustionnaire Desiq After consultation with Mr. West regarding the pertinent topics for investigation for PROCAR, topical guides were designed by Dr. Adelski. These were later converted into questionnaires for two reasons: a great amount of general information on the project area already was available, so it was decided to collect more specific data; and the interviewers available for the RRA were not capable of conducting research with topical guides. Three questionnaires were designed: one to collect data on village infrastructure and mens' ecoczmic roles, another to collect data on women's eccanmic roles and consumpition patterns and the third to collect more specific data on household agricultural rescurces and production, other econcmic activities and consumption patterns.
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