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Proyecto Geotermoeléctrico Cerro Prieto V

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Proyecto Geotermoeléctrico Cerro Prieto V DATOS GENERALES DEL PROYECTO, DEL PROMOVENTE Y DEL I RESPONSABLE DEL ESTUDIO DE IMPACTO AMBIENTAL I.1. DATOS GENERALES DEL PROYECTO I.1.1 Nombre del proyecto Proyecto Geotermoeléctrico Cerro Prieto V I.1.2 Ubicación del proyecto El Proyecto Geotermoeléctrico Cerro Prieto V se localiza en la planicie aluvial del Valle de Mexicali en Baja California, aproximadamente a 36 km al sureste de esta ciudad, entre los meridianos 115° 12’ y 115° 18’ de longitud Oeste, y los paralelos 32° 22’ y 32° 26’ de latitud Norte; destacando como rasgo geográfico el volcán de Cerro Prieto, de ahí el nombre de este campo geotérmico, que alcanza una elevación de 260 msnm. La Figura I.1 muestra la localización del campo geotermoeléctrico y el sitio donde se tienen instaladas las centrales Cerro Prieto I, II, III y IV que están actualmente en operación, así como el área propuesta para este nuevo proyecto de 100 MW. Específicamente, el proyecto geotermoeléctrico Cerro Prieto V se ubicará al costado Oeste de la Central Cerro Prieto IV, en las coordenadas geográficas 115° 12’ 44” y 115° 12’ 58” de longitud Oeste y 32° 24’ 12” y 32° 24’ 21” de latitud Norte. I.1.3 Tiempo de vida útil del proyecto El proyecto geotermoeléctrico Cerro Prieto V se considera de vida útil permanente, aunque periódicamente se realizarán mantenimientos a las unidades, con posible sustitución de equipos y materiales. I.1.4 Presentación de la documentación legal El predio donde se ubica el campo geotérmico Cerro Prieto, y por ende el proyecto geotermoeléctrico Cerro Prieto V, es propiedad de la CFE, el cual fue adquirido por decreto expropiatorio de acuerdo con los siguientes documentos: Decreto publicado el 6 de marzo de 1981 en el Diario Oficial de la Federación por la expropiación de una superficie de 446-47-78,6 ha del Ejido Miguel Hidalgo Decreto publicado el 19 de diciembre de 1989 en el Diario Oficial de la Federación por la expropiación de una superficie de 178-21-30,0 ha del Ejido Miguel Hidalgo. En el Anexo D del Apartado VIII.2 se presenta una copia de ambos documentos. I - 1 I - 2 I.2. DATOS GENERALES DEL PROMOVENTE I.2.1 Nombre o razón social Gerencia de Proyectos Geotermoeléctricos Comisión Federal de Electricidad I.2.2 Registro Federal de Contribuyentes del promovente Protegido por IFAI: Art. 3ro. Frac. VI, LFTAIPG I.2.3 Nombre y cargo del representante legal Protegido por IFAI, Art. 3°. Fracción VI, LFTAIPG I.2.4 Dirección del promovente o de su representante legal para recibir u oír notificaciones Protegido por IFAI: Art. 3ro. Frac. VI, LFTAIPG I.3. DATOS GENERALES DEL RESPONSABLE DE LA ELABORACIÓN DEL ESTUDIO DE IMPACTO AMBIENTAL I.3.1 Nombre o Razón Social Departamento de Prevención de Impactos Ambientales Subgerencia de Estudios Gerencia de Proyectos Geotermoeléctricos Comisión Federal de Electricidad I.3.2 Registro Federal de Contribuyentes o CURP Protegido por IFAI: Art. 3ro. Frac. VI, LFTAIPG I.3.3 Nombre del responsable técnico del estudio Protegido por IFAI, Art. 3°. Fracción VI, LFTAIPG I - 3 I.3.4 Dirección del responsable técnico del estudio Protegido por IFAI: Art. 3ro. Frac. VI, LFTAIPG I - 4 Protegido por IFAI, Art. 3°. Fracción VI, LFTAIPG Protegido por IFAI, Art. 3°. Fracción VI, LFTAIPG Protegido por IFAI: Art. 3ro. Frac. VI, LFTAIPG Protegido por IFAI: Art. 3ro. Frac. VI, LFTAIPG II DESCRIPCIÓN DEL PROYECTO II.1 INFORMACIÓN GENERAL DEL PROYECTO II.1.1 Naturaleza del proyecto México enfrenta el reto de incrementar significativamente la tasa de crecimiento económico por encima de la demográfica para disponer de recursos que proporcionen a su población el acceso a mejores niveles de vida. Dentro de esta necesidad de crecimiento de la economía y mejoramiento de la calidad de vida, la disponibilidad de energía eléctrica se convierte en un requisito esencial para la expansión de las actividades productivas, por lo que ésta juega un papel crucial para asegurar la competitividad de nuestra economía en el largo plazo. En México, por mandato constitucional, la nación tiene el compromiso de administrar y regular el aprovechamiento de los recursos naturales y el ambiente para contribuir al mejoramiento de las condiciones de vida de sus habitantes en busca del desarrollo sustentable. Así, las expectativas de un desarrollo económico para los próximos años en el país y el alto crecimiento en el consumo de energía eléctrica, imponen la necesidad de evaluar alternativas que permitan el adecuado abastecimiento energético; en este contexto, uno de los desafíos es el desarrollar formas eficientes de producción de energía eléctrica que armonicen con el desarrollo económico, social y ambiental, a fin de preservar los recursos naturales para las generaciones futuras. Actualmente, el 76,37% de la electricidad que se produce en el país, corresponde a energías no renovables (combustibles fósiles), mientras que el 23,63% restante se genera mediante el aprovechamiento de fuentes renovables, en un esquema en el que la capacidad total instalada asciende a 47 937,98 MW; de ésta, 32 643,46 MW corresponden a las centrales termoeléctricas; 10 284,66 MW a centrales hidroeléctricas; 2 600,00 MW a centrales carboeléctricas; 1 364,88 a una central nucleoeléctrica; 959,50 MW a centrales geotermoeléctricas; y 85,48 MW a centrales eoloeléctricas. Ante tal situación, y debido a que los combustibles fósiles constituyen un recurso natural no renovable o de disponibilidad limitada, el desarrollo de fuentes alternas de energía resulta de gran relevancia. En este sentido, la Comisión Federal de Electricidad ha venido desarrollando proyectos de energías renovables como son los geotermoeléctricos desde la década de los años setentas y, en los años recientes, proyectos de energías eólica y solar, lo que implica la sustitución de energía a base de combustibles fósiles por energías limpias, con la consiguiente reducción de: i) emisiones de CO, CO2, NOx, SOx y partículas suspendidas a la atmósfera; ii) grandes volúmenes de agua de repuesto a los ciclos de vapor y de enfriamiento; iii) descarga de aguas residuales; y iv) generación de residuos peligrosos, inherentes a las centrales termoeléctricas convencionales. Manifestación de Impacto Ambiental, Modalidad Particular. Proyecto Geotermoeléctrico Cerro Prieto V II - 1 Tal es el caso del campo geotérmico de Cerro Prieto, en donde el aprovechamiento del recurso geotérmico en la generación de energía eléctrica, se inició en el mes de mayo de 1973 con la entrada en operación comercial de las dos primeras unidades de la central Cerro Prieto I (CP I) con una capacidad de 37,5 MW cada una. Actualmente, la capacidad total instalada en este campo geotérmico es de 720 MW, distribuidos en cuatro centrales de generación: CP I (180 MW), CP II (220 MW), CP III (220 MW) y CP IV (100 MW), lo que denota que este tipo de generación de electricidad es factible y confiable desde el punto de vista económico, social y ambiental, pudiéndose obtener en promedio altos factores de planta (FP 0,90) con un bajo impacto ambiental. En la Figura II.1 se esquematizan los sectores de explotación del campo geotérmico y en el Cuadro II.1 se desglosan las características de las unidades generadoras que conforman las centrales CPI, CPII, CPIII y CPIV. Figura II.1. Sectores de explotación en el campo geotérmico Cerro Prieto Manifestación de Impacto Ambiental, Modalidad Particular. Proyecto Geotermoeléctrico Cerro Prieto V II - 2 Cuadro II.1 Capacidad instalada en el campo geotérmico Cerro Prieto Nombre de la Fecha de Años en Capacidad Fabricante Tipo unidad operación operación Instalada comercial (MW) CP-I U-1 1973 32 37,5 Toshiba A condensación CP-I U-2 1973 32 37,5 Toshiba A condensación CP-I U-3 1979 26 37,5 Toshiba A condensación CP-I U-4 1979 26 37,5 Mitsubishi A condensación CP-I U-5 1982 23 30 Toshiba A condensación CP-II U-6 1986 19 110 Toshiba A condensación CP-II U-7 1987 18 110 Toshiba A condensación CP-III U-8 1986 19 110 Toshiba A condensación CP-III U-9 1987 18 110 Toshiba A condensación CP-IV U-10 2000 5 25 Mitsubishi A condensación CP-IV U-11 2000 5 25 Mitsubishi A condensación CP-IV U-12 2000 5 25 Mitsubishi A condensación CP-IV U-13 2000 5 25 Mitsubishi A condensación Por otra parte, de acuerdo con el estudio de desarrollo del mercado eléctrico, se estimó que el Área de Baja California tendría un crecimiento promedio anual de 7,9% durante el periodo 1999- 2008; ante esta situación, y dado que el Área Baja California no se encuentra interconectada al Sistema Eléctrico Nacional, se han tomado las previsiones necesarias para que las centrales de Cerro Prieto continúen trabajando a su plena capacidad e incrementar la capacidad de generación en 100 MW adicionales mediante el desarrollo del proyecto geotermoeléctrico Cerro Prieto V. De tal forma, con los 163 pozos productores con que cuenta actualmente el campo geotérmico de Cerro Prieto, se tiene una disponibilidad de vapor en superficie de 6 070 t/h de vapor, cantidad suficiente para mantener la operación del campo geotérmico - en el año 2006 la cantidad de vapor que demandó la operación de las cuatro centrales de Cerro Prieto, fue de 5 175 t/h para una generación de electricidad de aproximadamente 5 000 GW/h - y para desarrollar el Proyecto Geotermoeléctrico Cerro Prieto V. Demanda de energía eléctrica en la Región Baja California El sistema eléctrico Baja California suministra energía eléctrica a las zonas de Tijuana, Mexicali, Ensenada Tecate y San Luís Río Colorado, lo que representa prácticamente toda la franja fronteriza de Baja California y una pequeña parte del estado de Sonora.
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