I PERFORMANCE PRACTICE and ANALYSIS of JOHANN
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Dynamicsanddissonance: Theimpliedharmonictheoryof
Intégral 30 (2016) pp. 67–80 Dynamics and Dissonance: The Implied Harmonic Theory of J. J. Quantz by Evan Jones Abstract. Chapter 17, Section 6 of Quantz’s Versuch einer Anweisung die Flöte traver- siere zu spielen (1752) includes a short original composition entitled “Affettuoso di molto.” This piece features an unprecedented variety of dynamic markings, alternat- ing abruptly from loud to soft extremes and utilizing every intermediate gradation. Quantz’s discussion of this example provides an analytic context for the dynamic markings in the score: specific levels of relative amplitude are prescribed for particu- lar classes of harmonic events, depending on their relative dissonance. Quantz’s cat- egories anticipate Kirnberger’s distinction between essential and nonessential dis- sonance and closely coincide with even later conceptions as indicated by the various chords’ spans on the Oettingen–Riemann Tonnetz and on David Temperley’s “line of fifths.” The discovery of a striking degree of agreement between Quantz’s prescrip- tions for performance and more recent theoretical models offers a valuable perspec- tive on eighteenth-century musical intuitions and suggests that today’s intuitions might not be very different. Keywords and phrases: Quantz, Versuch, Affettuoso di molto, thoroughbass, disso- nance, dynamics, Kirnberger, Temperley, line of fifths, Tonnetz. 1. Dynamic Markings in Quantz’s ing. Like similarly conceived publications by C. P. E. Bach, “Affettuoso di molto” Leopold Mozart, and others, however, Quantz’s treatise en- gages -
The Bach Experience
MUSIC AT MARSH CHAPEL 10|11 Scott Allen Jarrett Music Director Sunday, December 12, 2010 – 9:45A.M. The Bach Experience BWV 62: ‘Nunn komm, der Heiden Heiland’ Marsh Chapel Choir and Collegium Scott Allen Jarrett, DMA, presenting General Information - Composed in Leipzig in 1724 for the first Sunday in Advent - Scored for two oboes, horn, continuo and strings; solos for soprano, alto, tenor and bass - Though celebratory as the musical start of the church year, the cantata balances the joyful anticipation of Christ’s coming with reflective gravity as depicted in Luther’s chorale - The text is based wholly on Luther’s 1524 chorale, ‘Nun komm, der Heiden Heiland.’ While the outer movements are taken directly from Luther, movements 2-5 are adaptations of the verses two through seven by an unknown librettist. - Duration: about 22 minutes Some helpful German words to know . Heiden heathen (nations) Heiland savior bewundert marvel höchste highest Beherrscher ruler Keuschheit purity nicht beflekket unblemished laufen to run streite struggle Schwachen the weak See the morning’s bulletin for a complete translation of Cantata 62. Some helpful music terms to know . Continuo – generally used in Baroque music to indicate the group of instruments who play the bass line, and thereby, establish harmony; usually includes the keyboard instrument (organ or harpsichord), and a combination of cello and bass, and sometimes bassoon. Da capo – literally means ‘from the head’ in Italian; in musical application this means to return to the beginning of the music. As a form (i.e. ‘da capo’ aria), it refers to a style in which a middle section, usually in a different tonal area or key, is followed by an restatement of the opening section: ABA. -
A Guide to Vibrato & Straight Tone
City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works All Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects 9-2016 The Versatile Singer: A Guide to Vibrato & Straight Tone Danya Katok The Graduate Center, City University of New York How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/1394 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] THE VERSATILE SINGER: A GUIDE TO VIBRATO & STRAIGHT TONE by DANYA KATOK A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Music in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Musical Arts, The City University of New York 2016 ©2016 Danya Katok All rights reserved ii This manuscript has been read and accepted for the Graduate Faculty in Music to satisfy the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Musical Arts Date L. Poundie Burstein Chair of the Examining Committee Date Norman Carey Executive Officer Philip Ewell, advisor Loralee Songer, first reader Stephanie Jensen-Moulton L. Poundie Burstein Supervisory Committee THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK iii Abstract THE VERSATILE SINGER: A GUIDE TO VIBRATO & STRAIGHT TONE by Danya Katok Advisor: Philip Ewell Straight tone is a valuable tool that can be used by singers of any style to both improve technical ideals, such as resonance and focus, and provide a starting point for transforming the voice to meet the stylistic demands of any genre. -
9. Vivaldi and Ritornello Form
The HIGH BAROQUE:! Early Baroque High Baroque 1600-1670 1670-1750 The HIGH BAROQUE:! Republic of Venice The HIGH BAROQUE:! Grand Canal, Venice The HIGH BAROQUE:! VIVALDI CONCERTO Antonio Vivaldi (1678-1741) The HIGH BAROQUE:! VIVALDI CONCERTO Antonio VIVALDI (1678-1741) Born in Venice, trains and works there. Ordained for the priesthood in 1703. Works for the Pio Ospedale della Pietà, a charitable organization for indigent, illegitimate or orphaned girls. The students were trained in music and gave frequent concerts. The HIGH BAROQUE:! VIVALDI CONCERTO The HIGH BAROQUE:! VIVALDI CONCERTO The HIGH BAROQUE:! VIVALDI CONCERTO Thus, many of Vivaldi’s concerti were written for soloists and an orchestra made up of teen- age girls. The HIGH BAROQUE:! VIVALDI CONCERTO It is for the Ospedale students that Vivaldi writes over 500 concertos, publishing them in sets like Corelli, including: Op. 3 L’Estro Armonico (1711) Op. 4 La Stravaganza (1714) Op. 8 Il Cimento dell’Armonia e dell’Inventione (1725) Op. 9 La Cetra (1727) The HIGH BAROQUE:! VIVALDI CONCERTO In addition, from 1710 onwards Vivaldi pursues career as opera composer. His music was virtually forgotten after his death. His music was not re-discovered until the “Baroque Revival” during the 20th century. The HIGH BAROQUE:! VIVALDI CONCERTO Vivaldi constructs The Model of the Baroque Concerto Form from elements of earlier instrumental composers *The Concertato idea *The Ritornello as a structuring device *The works and tonality of Corelli The HIGH BAROQUE:! VIVALDI CONCERTO The term “concerto” originates from a term used in the early Baroque to describe pieces that alternated and contrasted instrumental groups with vocalists (concertato = “to contend with”) The term is later applied to ensemble instrumental pieces that contrast a large ensemble (the concerto grosso or ripieno) with a smaller group of soloists (concertino) The HIGH BAROQUE:! VIVALDI CONCERTO Corelli creates the standard concerto grosso instrumentation of a string orchestra (the concerto grosso) with a string trio + continuo for the ripieno in his Op. -
Bel Canto: the Teaching of the Classical Italian Song-Schools, Its Decline and Restoration
Performance Practice Review Volume 3 Article 9 Number 1 Spring "Bel canto: The eT aching of the Classical Italian Song-Schools, Its Decline and Restoration" By Lucie Manén Philip Lieson Miller Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/ppr Part of the Music Practice Commons Miller, Philip Lieson (1990) ""Bel canto: The eT aching of the Classical Italian Song-Schools, Its Decline and Restoration" By Lucie Manén," Performance Practice Review: Vol. 3: No. 1, Article 9. DOI: 10.5642/perfpr.199003.01.9 Available at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/ppr/vol3/iss1/9 This Book Review is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at Claremont at Scholarship @ Claremont. It has been accepted for inclusion in Performance Practice Review by an authorized administrator of Scholarship @ Claremont. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Reviews 97 Lucie Manen. Bel canto; The Teaching of the Classical Italian Song- Schools, Its Decline and Restoration. New York: Oxford University Press, 1987. bibliography, 75p. Bel canto, it is generally agreed, is a lost art. But what, precisely, was bel canto? The word is used to describe the singing of the great castrati, and the repertory of classic Italian airs is known as bel canto music; the term conies up again to cover the operas of Rossini, Donizetti, and Bellini and the school of singers trained to sing them. But Philip A. Duey, in his study of the subject, states: "The term Bel Canto does not appear as such during the period with which it is most often associated, i.e., the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries; this may be said with finality." Lucie Manen as a singer was a casualty of World War II. -
The Baroque. 3.3: Vocal Music: the Da Capo Aria and Other Types of Arias
UNIT 3: THE BAROQUE. 3.3: VOCAL MUSIC: THE DA CAPO ARIA AND OTHER TYPES OF ARIAS EXPLANATION 3.3: THE DA CAPO ARIA AND OTHER TYPES OF ARIAS. THE ARIA The aria in the operas is the part sung by the soloist. It is opposed to the recitative, which uses the recitative style. In the arias the composer shows and exploits the dramatic and emotional situations, it becomes the equivalent of a soliloquy (one person speach) in the spoken plays. In the arias, the interpreters showed their technique, they showed off, even in excess, which provoked a lot of criticism from poets and musicians. They were often sung by castrati: soprano men undergoing a surgical operation so as not to change their voice when they grew up. One of them, the most famous, Farinelli, acquired international fame for his great technique and vocal expression. He lived twenty-five years in Spain. THE DA CAPO ARIA The Da Capo aria is a vocal work in three parts or sections (tripartite form). It began to be used in the Baroque in operas, oratorios and cantatas. The form is A - B - A, the last part being a repetition of the first. 1. The first section is a complete musical entity, that is to say, it could be sung alone and musically it would have complete meaning since it ends in the tonic. The tonic is the first grade or note of a scale. 2. The second section contrasts with the first section in tonality, texture, mood and sometimes in tempo (speed). 3. -
LIBRETTO LOOP” (Created by Todd Woodard)
OPERA WARM UP ACTIVITY: “LIBRETTO LOOP” (created by Todd Woodard) • OBJECTIVE: To build a foundational knowledge of some basic Opera terms through physical and vocal engagement, while simultaneously building energy and ensemble. • STARTING POSITION: A Standing Circle (or “Loop”) • Sample TA Intro: “What is Libretto? … Yes, Libretto might be the text of an opera, but those words are brought to life through music, movement, emotion and ENERGY. So in this game, we are going to use some Opera terms as our simple libretto, and share them by passing ENERGY through, across and within our LOOP, using music, movement, and emotion.” • TERMS with ACTIONS: o RECITATIVE: • Pass LIBRETTO Energy to the person next to you by singing the word “Recitative” to a TA-set or individualized melody with a directional clap • This continues in same direction until someone changes it with a different term o ARIA: “Hold onto the energy before you pass it by taking a solo moment in the spotlight” • Person sings “Aria! Aria! Aria!”, perhaps bending on a knee with arm outstretched, or striking another strong emotional pose • Then pass the energy with “Recitative” or with one of the terms below o VIBRATO • Person with energy shakes hands out in the direction of previous person to induce a vibrato in the voice while singing an extended “Vi- brAAAAA-TOOOOOO”) • This bounces the energy back to the previous person and they continue with energy pass in the opposite direction o MELODY • First person sings “Melody” to a melody of their choice as they pass it to another person -
III CHAPTER III the BAROQUE PERIOD 1. Baroque Music (1600-1750) Baroque – Flamboyant, Elaborately Ornamented A. Characteristic
III CHAPTER III THE BAROQUE PERIOD 1. Baroque Music (1600-1750) Baroque – flamboyant, elaborately ornamented a. Characteristics of Baroque Music 1. Unity of Mood – a piece expressed basically one basic mood e.g. rhythmic patterns, melodic patterns 2. Rhythm – rhythmic continuity provides a compelling drive, the beat is more emphasized than before. 3. Dynamics – volume tends to remain constant for a stretch of time. Terraced dynamics – a sudden shift of the dynamics level. (keyboard instruments not capable of cresc/decresc.) 4. Texture – predominantly polyphonic and less frequently homophonic. 5. Chords and the Basso Continuo (Figured Bass) – the progression of chords becomes prominent. Bass Continuo - the standard accompaniment consisting of a keyboard instrument (harpsichord, organ) and a low melodic instrument (violoncello, bassoon). 6. Words and Music – Word-Painting - the musical representation of specific poetic images; E.g. ascending notes for the word heaven. b. The Baroque Orchestra – Composed of chiefly the string section with various other instruments used as needed. Size of approximately 10 – 40 players. c. Baroque Forms – movement – a piece that sounds fairly complete and independent but is part of a larger work. -Binary and Ternary are both dominant. 2. The Concerto Grosso and the Ritornello Form - concerto grosso – a small group of soloists pitted against a larger ensemble (tutti), usually consists of 3 movements: (1) fast, (2) slow, (3) fast. - ritornello form - e.g. tutti, solo, tutti, solo, tutti solo, tutti etc. Brandenburg Concerto No. 2 in F major, BWV 1047 Title on autograph score: Concerto 2do à 1 Tromba, 1 Flauto, 1 Hautbois, 1 Violino concertati, è 2 Violini, 1 Viola è Violone in Ripieno col Violoncello è Basso per il Cembalo. -
The Songs of Michael Head: the Georgian Settings (And Song Catalogue)
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1990 The onS gs of Michael Head: The Georgian Settings (And Song Catalogue). Loryn Elizabeth Frey Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Frey, Loryn Elizabeth, "The onS gs of Michael Head: The Georgian Settings (And Song Catalogue)." (1990). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 4985. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/4985 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS The most advanced technology has been used to photograph and reproduce this manuscript from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. -
An Historical and Analytical Study of Renaissance Music for the Recorder and Its Influence on the Later Repertoire Vanessa Woodhill University of Wollongong
University of Wollongong Research Online University of Wollongong Thesis Collection University of Wollongong Thesis Collections 1986 An historical and analytical study of Renaissance music for the recorder and its influence on the later repertoire Vanessa Woodhill University of Wollongong Recommended Citation Woodhill, Vanessa, An historical and analytical study of Renaissance music for the recorder and its influence on the later repertoire, Master of Arts thesis, School of Creative Arts, University of Wollongong, 1986. http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/2179 Research Online is the open access institutional repository for the University of Wollongong. For further information contact the UOW Library: [email protected] AN HISTORICAL AND ANALYTICAL STUDY OF RENAISSANCE MUSIC FOR THE RECORDER AND ITS INFLUENCE ON THE LATER REPERTOIRE by VANESSA WOODHILL. B.Sc. L.T.C.L (Teachers). F.T.C.L A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the School of Creative Arts in the University of Wollongong. "u»«viRsmr •*"! This thesis is submitted in accordance with the regulations of the University of Wotlongong in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts. I hereby certify that the work embodied in this thesis is the result of original research and has not been submitted for a higher degree at any other University or similar institution. Copyright for the extracts of musical works contained in this thesis subsists with a variety of publishers and individuals. Further copying or publishing of this thesis may require the permission of copyright owners. Signed SUMMARY The material in this thesis approaches Renaissance music in relation to the recorder player in three ways. -
Johann Joachim Quantz
Johann Joachim Quantz Portrait by an unknown 18th-century artist An account of his life taken largely from his autobiography published in 1754–5 Greg Dikmans Johann Joachim Quantz (1697–1773) Quantz was a flute player and composer at royal courts, writer on music and flute maker, and one of the most famous musicians of his day. His autobiography, published in F.W. Marpurg’s Historisch-kritische Beyträge (1754– 5), is the principal source of information on his life. It briefly describes his early years and then focuses on his activities in Dresden (1716–41), his Grand Tour (1724– 27) and his work at the court of Frederick the Great in Berlin and Potsdam (from 1741). Quantz was born in the village Oberscheden in the province of Hannover (northwestern Germany) on 30 January 1697. His father was a blacksmith. At the age of 11, after being orphaned, he began an apprenticeship (1708–13) with his uncle Justus Quantz, a town musician in Merseburg. Quantz writes: I wanted to be nothing but a musician. In August … I went to Merseburg to begin my apprenticeship with the former town-musician, Justus Quantz. … The first instrument which I had to learn was the violin, for which I also seemed to have the greatest liking and ability. Thereon followed the oboe and the trumpet. During my years as an apprentice I worked hardest on these three instruments. Merseburg Matthäus Merian While still an apprentice Quantz also arranged to have keyboard lessons: (1593–1650) Due to my own choosing, I took some lessons at this time on the clavier, which I was not required to learn, from a relative of mine, the organist Kiesewetter. -
Black, Brown and Beige
Jazz Lines Publications Presents black, brown, and beige by duke ellington prepared for Publication by dylan canterbury, Rob DuBoff, and Jeffrey Sultanof complete full score jlp-7366 By Duke Ellington Copyright © 1946 (Renewed) by G. Schirmer, Inc. (ASCAP) International Copyright Secured. All Rights Reserved. Reprinted by Permission. Logos, Graphics, and Layout Copyright © 2017 The Jazz Lines Foundation Inc. Published by the Jazz Lines Foundation Inc., a not-for-profit jazz research organization dedicated to preserving and promoting America’s musical heritage. The Jazz Lines Foundation Inc. PO Box 1236 Saratoga Springs NY 12866 USA duke ellington series black, brown, and beige (1943) Biographies: Edward Kennedy ‘Duke’ Ellington influenced millions of people both around the world and at home. In his fifty-year career he played over 20,000 performances in Europe, Latin America, the Middle East as well as Asia. Simply put, Ellington transcends boundaries and fills the world with a treasure trove of music that renews itself through every generation of fans and music-lovers. His legacy continues to live onward and will endure for generations to come. Wynton Marsalis said it best when he said, “His music sounds like America.” Because of the unmatched artistic heights to which he soared, no one deserves the phrase “beyond category” more than Ellington, for it aptly describes his life as well. When asked what inspired him to write, Ellington replied, “My men and my race are the inspiration of my work. I try to catch the character and mood and feeling of my people.” Duke Ellington is best remembered for the over 3,000 songs that he composed during his lifetime.