DOCSLIB.ORG

The WISDOM Radar: Unveiling the Subsurface Beneath the Exomars Rover and Identifying the Best Locations for Drilling

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The WISDOM Radar: Unveiling the Subsurface Beneath the Exomars Rover and Identifying the Best Locations for Drilling Open Research Online The Open University’s repository of research publications and other research outputs The WISDOM Radar: Unveiling the Subsurface Beneath the ExoMars Rover and Identifying the Best Locations for Drilling Journal Item How to cite: Ciarletti, Valérie; Clifford, Stephen; Plettemeyer, Dirk; LeGall, Alice; Hervé, Yann; Dorizon, Sophie; Quantin- Nataf, Cathy; Benedix, Wolf-Stefan; Schwenzer, Susanne; Pettinelli, Elena; Heggy, Essam; Herique, Alain; Berthellier, Jean-Jacques; Kofman, Wlodek; Vago, Jorge L.; Hamran, Svein-Erik and WISDOM team, . (2017). The WISDOM Radar: Unveiling the Subsurface Beneath the ExoMars Rover and Identifying the Best Locations for Drilling. Astrobiology, 17(6-7) pp. 565–584. For guidance on citations see FAQs. c 2017 The Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Version: Version of Record Link(s) to article on publisher’s website: http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.1089/ast.2016.1532 Copyright and Moral Rights for the articles on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. For more information on Open Research Online’s data policy on reuse of materials please consult the policies page. oro.open.ac.uk ASTROBIOLOGY ExoMars Rover Mission Volume 17, Numbers 6 and 7, 2017 Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. DOI: 10.1089/ast.2016.1532 The WISDOM Radar: Unveiling the Subsurface Beneath the ExoMars Rover and Identifying the Best Locations for Drilling Vale´rie Ciarletti,1 Stephen Clifford,2 Dirk Plettemeier,3 Alice Le Gall,1 Yann Herve´,1 Sophie Dorizon,1 Cathy Quantin-Nataf,4 Wolf-Stefan Benedix,3 Susanne Schwenzer,5 Elena Pettinelli,6 Essam Heggy,7 Alain Herique,8 Jean-Jacques Berthelier,1 Wlodek Kofman,8,11 Jorge L. Vago,9 Svein-Erik Hamran,10 and the WISDOM Team Abstract The search for evidence of past or present life on Mars is the principal objective of the 2020 ESA-Roscosmos ExoMars Rover mission. If such evidence is to be found anywhere, it will most likely be in the subsurface, where organic molecules are shielded from the destructive effects of ionizing radiation and atmospheric oxidants. For this reason, the ExoMars Rover mission has been optimized to investigate the subsurface to identify, understand, and sample those locations where conditions for the preservation of evidence of past life are most likely to be found. The Water Ice Subsurface Deposit Observation on Mars (WISDOM) ground-penetrating radar has been designed to provide infor- mation about the nature of the shallow subsurface over depth ranging from 3 to 10 m (with a vertical resolution of up to 3 cm), depending on the dielectric properties of the regolith. This depth range is critical to understanding the geologic evolution stratigraphy and distribution and state of subsurface H2O, which provide important clues in the search for life and the identification of optimal drilling sites for investigation and sampling by the Rover’s 2-m drill. WISDOM will helpensurethesafety and success of drilling operations by identification of potential hazards that might interfere with retrieval of subsurface samples. Key Words: Ground penetrating radar—Martian shallow subsurface— ExoMars. Astrobiology 17, 565–584. 1. Introduction (<5 m) remain largely unknown. Until now, our insights have been limited to the stratigraphy exposed in outcrops and crater he search for evidence of life on Mars is the principal walls and the composition of samples acquired within *1to Tobjective of the 2020 European Space Agency (ESA, 10 cm of the surface (e.g., Grotzinger et al., 2005, 2015; Va- 2013)–Roscosmos ExoMars Rover mission. If such evidence is niman et al., 2014; Freissinet et al., 2015). For this reason, the to be found, it will most likely be in the subsurface, where ExoMars Rover mission has been optimized to investigate the organic molecules are shielded from the destructive effects of subsurface to identify, understand, and sample those locations ionizing radiation and atmospheric oxidants. Despite the enor- where evidence of past life is most likely to be found. mous volume of data acquired by previous orbital and landed To fulfill its objectives, the ExoMars Rover will be missions, the nature and structure of the shallow subsurface equipped with a variety of instruments dedicated to the study 1LATMOS/IPSL, UVSQ Universite´ Paris-Saclay, UPMC, Paris 06, CNRS, Guyancourt, France. 2Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston, Texas. 3Technische Universitat Dresden, Dresden, Germany. 4Laboratoire de Ge´ologie de Lyon, Universite´ Claude Bernard Lyon 1/CNRS/ENS Lyon, Villeurbanne, France. 5Open University Centre for Earth Planetary Space and Astronomical Research, Milton Keynes, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom. 6Universita degli Studi Roma Tre Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Roma, Italy. Downloaded by Open Univ Milton Keyes UK Lib/SWETS/40638182 from online.liebertpub.com at 07/28/17. For personal use only. 7University of Southern California Viterbi School of Engineering, Los Angeles, California. 8Universite´ Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble; CNRS, IPAG, F-38000, Grenoble, France. 9European Space Agency, ESA/ESTEC (HME-ME), Noordwijk, The Netherlands. 10Forsvarets forskningsinstitutt, Kjeller, Norway. 11Space Research Centre, PAN, Warsaw, Poland. ª Vale´rie Ciarletti et al., 2017; Published by Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. This Open Access article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. 565 566 CIARLETTI ET AL. and characterization of the planet’s surface and shallow tested by a French–German consortium supported by the subsurface (Vago et al., 2017). These investigations will French Space Agency Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales help identify the best locations for collecting samples with (CNES) and the German Space Agency Deutsche For- the rover’s 2-m drill, which will then be analyzed by a suite schungsanstalt fu¨r Luft-Und Raumfahrt (DLR) led by Vale´rie of onboard analytical instruments. The most fundamental Ciarletti (Principal Investigator) from LATMOS (Laboratoire requirement for the geologic characterization of the ExoMars Atmosphe`res, Milieux, Observations Spatiales) in Guyan- landing site will be to understand its nature and structure, court, France. LATMOS, in collaboration with Laboratoire which will provide invaluable insights into its origin and d’Astrophysique de Bordeaux (LAB), is responsible for the evolution. electronics unit (EU) hardware manufacturing and delivery, The Water Ice Subsurface Deposit Observation on Mars while the Technische Universita¨t Dresden (TUD, Germany) (WISDOM) radar has been selected as part of the ExoMars is responsible for the antenna system, under the supervision Rover mission Pasteur payload (Vago et al., 2017). It has of Dirk Plettemeier (Coprincipal Investigator). been designed to provide information about the nature of The WISDOM team consists of scientists from Europe the shallow subsurface over a depth range (*3–10 m, de- (France, Germany, Italy, Norway, Austria, and United pending on the dielectric properties of the regolith) that is Kingdom) and the United States, who have a broad range of both accessible and relevant to the search for traces of life. It expertise in martian geology, geomorphology, hydrology, will address some of the most important science questions mineralogy, signal and image processing, electromagnetic about the nature of the landing site, such as its depositional (EM) modeling, and 3D visualization, which represents the and erosional history, deformational and structural develop- best combination of skills necessary to analyze and interpret ment, and the potential role (and distribution) of liquid water the WISDOM data. The team is led by the Principal In- and ice in the evolution of the local landscape. In combina- vestigator, with the assistance of the Deputy Science Team tion with Pasteur payload’s other instruments that will be Leader, Stephen Clifford, from the Lunar and Planetary used in the area survey, WISDOM will help understand the Institute (LPI) in Houston, TX. To prepare for analysis of three-dimensional (3D) geological context so that the science the ExoMars radar data, the team has conducted (1) field team can assess the scientific interest of locations investigated tests with a WISDOM prototype in various martian ana- by the rover and choose the best site and depth at which to logue environments, (2) dielectric characterization of ana- collect samples. In addition, WISDOM will detect potential logue samples in the laboratory, and (3) numerical modeling buried hazards that might jeopardize drilling activities. of EM wave propagation in the subsurface, which takes into This article presents the WISDOM scientific objectives, a account the characteristics of the martian environment, as description of the instrument, and its expected performances well as WISDOM operational and instrumental characteris- in relevant environments. A section is also dedicated to the tics. These activities are essential to ensure the accurate in- measurement scenario and the data products that will be terpretation of WISDOM data that will eventually be returned delivered during the mission. Last, examples of both simu- from Mars. lated data and experimental data, acquired by a prototype that is representative of the WISDOM flight model, are 2. Science objectives shown to illustrate how WISDOM can contribute to the 2.1. The ExoMars mission’s science objectives success
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Argops) Solution to the 2017 Astrodynamics Specialist Conference Student Competition
    AAS 17-621 THE ASTRODYNAMICS RESEARCH GROUP OF PENN STATE (ARGOPS) SOLUTION TO THE 2017 ASTRODYNAMICS SPECIALIST CONFERENCE STUDENT COMPETITION Jason A. Reiter,* Davide Conte,1 Andrew M. Goodyear,* Ghanghoon Paik,* Guanwei. He,* Peter C. Scarcella,* Mollik Nayyar,* Matthew J. Shaw* We present the methods and results of the Astrodynamics Research Group of Penn State (ARGoPS) team in the 2017 Astrodynamics Specialist Conference Student Competition. A mission (named Minerva) was designed to investigate Asteroid (469219) 2016 HO3 in order to determine its mass and volume and to map and characterize its surface. This data would prove useful in determining the necessity and usefulness of future missions to the asteroid. The mission was designed such that a balance between cost and maximizing objectives was found. INTRODUCTION Asteroid (469219) 2016 HO3 was discovered recently and has yet to be explored. It lies in a quasi-orbit about the Earth such that it will follow the Earth around the Sun for at least the next several hundred years providing many opportunities for relatively low-cost missions to the body. Not much is known about 2016 HO3 except a general size range, but its close proximity to Earth makes a scientific mission more feasible than other near-Earth objects. A Request For Proposal (RFP) was provided to university teams searching for cost-efficient mission design solutions to assist in the characterization of the asteroid and the assessment of its potential for future, more in-depth missions and possible resource utilization. The RFP provides constraints on launch mass, bus size as well as other mission architecture decisions, and sets goals for scientific mapping and characterization.
    [Show full text]
  • Exploration of Mars by the European Space Agency 1
    Exploration of Mars by the European Space Agency Alejandro Cardesín ESA Science Operations Mars Express, ExoMars 2016 IAC Winter School, November 20161 Credit: MEX/HRSC History of Missions to Mars Mars Exploration nowadays… 2000‐2010 2011 2013/14 2016 2018 2020 future … Mars Express MAVEN (ESA) TGO Future ESA (ESA- Studies… RUSSIA) Odyssey MRO Mars Phobos- Sample Grunt Return? (RUSSIA) MOM Schiaparelli ExoMars 2020 Phoenix (ESA-RUSSIA) Opportunity MSL Curiosity Mars Insight 2020 Spirit The data/information contained herein has been reviewed and approved for release by JPL Export Administration on the basis that this document contains no export‐controlled information. Mars Express 2003-2016 … First European Mission to orbit another Planet! First mission of the “Rosetta family” Up and running since 2003 Credit: MEX/HRSC First European Mission to orbit another Planet First European attempt to land on another Planet Original mission concept Credit: MEX/HRSC December 2003: Mars Express Lander Release and Orbit Insertion Collission trajectory Bye bye Beagle 2! Last picture Lander after release, release taken by VMC camera Insertion 19/12/2003 8:33 trajectory Credit: MEX/HRSC Beagle 2 was found in January 2015 ! Only 6km away from landing site OK Open petals indicate soft landing OK Antenna remained covered Lessons learned: comms at all time! Credit: MEX/HRSC Mars Express: so many missions at once Mars Mission Phobos Mission Relay Mission Credit: MEX/HRSC Mars Express science investigations Martian Moons: Phobos & Deimos: Ionosphere, surface,
    [Show full text]
  • Range Resolution Enhancement of WISDOM/Exomars
    Range resolution enhancement of WISDOM/ExoMars radar soundings by the Bandwidth Extrapolation technique: Validation and application to field campaign measurements Nicolas Oudart, Valérie Ciarletti, Alice Le Gall, Marco Mastrogiuseppe, Yann Herve, Wolf-Stefan Benedix, Dirk Plettemeier, Vivien Tranier, Rafik Hassen-Khodja, Christoph Statz, et al. To cite this version: Nicolas Oudart, Valérie Ciarletti, Alice Le Gall, Marco Mastrogiuseppe, Yann Herve, et al.. Range resolution enhancement of WISDOM/ExoMars radar soundings by the Bandwidth Extrapolation tech- nique: Validation and application to field campaign measurements. Planetary and Space Science, Elsevier, 2021, 197 (March), pp.105173. 10.1016/j.pss.2021.105173. insu-03114236v2 HAL Id: insu-03114236 https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-03114236v2 Submitted on 28 Jan 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution| 4.0 International License Planetary and Space Science 197 (2021) 105173 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Planetary
    [Show full text]
  • Page 1 E X O M a R S E X O M a R S
    NOTE ADDED BY JPL WEBMASTER: This document was prepared by the European Space Agency. The content has not been approved or adopted by, NASA, JPL, or the California Institute of Technology. This document is being made available for information purposes only, and any views and opinions expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of NASA, JPL, or the California Institute of Technology. EE XX OO MM AA RR SS ExoMars Status th J. L. Vago and the ExoMars Project Team 20 MEPAG Meeting 3–4 March 2009, Arlington, VA (USA) ExoMars Original Objectives Technology Demonstration Objectives : Entry, Descent, and Landing (EDL) of a large payload on the surface of Mars; Surface mobility with a rover having several kilometres range; Access to the subsurface with a drill to acquire samples down to 2 metres; Automatic sample preparation and distribution for analysis with scientific instruments. Scientific Objectives (in order of priority): To search for signs of past and present life on Mars; To characterise the water/geochemical environment as a function of depth in the shallow subsurface; To study the surface environment and identify hazards to future human missions; To investigate the planet’s subsurface and deep interior to better understand its evolution and habitability. What is ExoMars Now? KEY REQUIREMENTS FOR EXOMARS : (but also for all future ESA Mars exploration missions) Clear synergy of technology and science goals: ExoMars has to land; ExoMars has to rove; ExoMars has to drill; ExoMars has to perform novel organics
    [Show full text]
  • The Pancam Instrument for the Exomars Rover
    ASTROBIOLOGY ExoMars Rover Mission Volume 17, Numbers 6 and 7, 2017 Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. DOI: 10.1089/ast.2016.1548 The PanCam Instrument for the ExoMars Rover A.J. Coates,1,2 R. Jaumann,3 A.D. Griffiths,1,2 C.E. Leff,1,2 N. Schmitz,3 J.-L. Josset,4 G. Paar,5 M. Gunn,6 E. Hauber,3 C.R. Cousins,7 R.E. Cross,6 P. Grindrod,2,8 J.C. Bridges,9 M. Balme,10 S. Gupta,11 I.A. Crawford,2,8 P. Irwin,12 R. Stabbins,1,2 D. Tirsch,3 J.L. Vago,13 T. Theodorou,1,2 M. Caballo-Perucha,5 G.R. Osinski,14 and the PanCam Team Abstract The scientific objectives of the ExoMars rover are designed to answer several key questions in the search for life on Mars. In particular, the unique subsurface drill will address some of these, such as the possible existence and stability of subsurface organics. PanCam will establish the surface geological and morphological context for the mission, working in collaboration with other context instruments. Here, we describe the PanCam scientific objectives in geology, atmospheric science, and 3-D vision. We discuss the design of PanCam, which includes a stereo pair of Wide Angle Cameras (WACs), each of which has an 11-position filter wheel and a High Resolution Camera (HRC) for high-resolution investigations of rock texture at a distance. The cameras and electronics are housed in an optical bench that provides the mechanical interface to the rover mast and a planetary protection barrier.
    [Show full text]
  • MULTI-SCALE ANALYSIS of ALLUVIAL SEDIMENTARY OUTCROPS in UTAH USING EXOMARS 2020 PANCAM, ISEM, and CLUPI EMULATORS
    49th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference 2018 (LPI Contrib. No. 2083) 1911.pdf MULTI-SCALE ANALYSIS OF ALLUVIAL SEDIMENTARY OUTCROPS IN UTAH USING EXOMARS 2020 PANCAM, ISEM, and CLUPI EMULATORS. E. J. Allender1, C. R. Cousins1, M. D. Gunn2, R. Barnes3 1School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of St Andrews, Irvine Building, North St, St Andrews, UK ([email protected]), 2Department of Physics, Penglais Campus, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK, 3Imperial College London, Kensington, London, UK. Introduction: As the launch date for the Instrument emulators were deployed at each site to ESA/Roscosmos ExoMars 2020 rover draws near, the simulate the PanCam, ISEM, and CLUPI instruments need for analysis tools to exploit the wealth of data to onboard ExoMars 2020. These were: the Aberstwyth be returned by its Panoramic Camera (PanCam) [1], University PanCam Emulator (AUPE) [8] (spanning Infrared Spectrometer for Mars (ISEM) [2], and 440-1000 nm), a Spectral Evolution spectrometer CLose-UP Imager (CLUPI) [3] instruments becomes (ISEM-E) spanning 440-2500 nm with hyperspectral increasingly important; the exploitation of integrated reolution, and CLUPI-E - a Sigma DSLR camera con- data from these instruments will be invaluable in de- figured to CLUPI specifications [3]. AUPE and tecting evidence of past habitability on Mars and iden- CLUPI-E mosaics were collected at each site, and tifying drilling locations. ISEM-E data points were collected either as vertical Together, PanCam, ISEM, and CLUPI offer multi- logs, or spanning each distinct unit. Soil and rock sam- scale analysis capabilities in both spatial (~140-1310 ples were also collected for each imaged unit at the µm/pixel at 2 m working distance), and spectral (350- study sites to provide spectral and mineralogical 3300 nm) dimensions.
    [Show full text]
  • EXM Mobility Paper
    OVERVIEW AND DEVELOPMENT STATUS OF THE EXOMARS ROVER MOBILITY SUBSYSTEM P.Poulakis (1), J.L.Vago(1), D.Loizeau(6), C.Vicente-Arevalo(5), A.Hutton(3), R.McCoubrey (4), J.Arnedo-Rodriguez(5), (3) (3) (4) (5) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) J.Smith , B.Boyes , S.Jessen , A.Otero-Rubio , S.Durrant , G.Gould , L.Joudrier , Y.Yushtein , C.Alary , (1) (1) (2) (2) (2) (2) E.Zekri , P.Baglioni , A.Cernusco , F.Maggioni , R.Yague , F.Ravera (1)European Space Agency / ESTEC, The Netherlands (2) Thales Alenia Space Italy, Italy (3) Airbus Defence & Space, UK (4) MDA, Canada (5) Thales Alenia Space España, Spain (6) University of Lyon, France ABSTRACT planned for launch in 2018, features a decent module, which will deliver a rover and a static lander platform to The ExoMars 2018 rover mission will carry an ambi- the surface on Mars. tious payload to search for biosignatures that may pro- vide clues to whether life ever started on Mars. It will be If life ever arose on the red planet, it probably did when the first time that depth, the third dimension of Mars, Mars was warmer and wetter, sometime within the first will be explored using a sophisticated drill system that few billion years following planetary formation. Condi- will allow access to the Martian subsurface down to 2m. tions then were similar to those on Earth when microbes In that context, the rover’s mobility subsystem will be gained a foothold on our young planet. The ExoMars instrumental to reach locations with high scientific po- rover will search for two types of life-related signatures: tential.
    [Show full text]
  • Mars Surface Context Cameras Past, Present, and Future 10.1002/2016EA000166 M
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Aberystwyth Research Portal Aberystwyth University Mars surface context cameras past, present and future Gunn, Matthew; Cousins, Claire Published in: Earth and Space Science DOI: 10.1002/2016EA000166 Publication date: 2016 Citation for published version (APA): Gunn, M., & Cousins, C. (2016). Mars surface context cameras past, present and future. Earth and Space Science, 3(4), 144-162. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016EA000166 Document License CC BY-NC-ND General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the Aberystwyth Research Portal (the Institutional Repository) are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the Aberystwyth Research Portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the Aberystwyth Research Portal Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. tel: +44 1970 62 2400 email: [email protected] Download date: 09. Jul. 2020 PUBLICATIONS Earth and Space Science REVIEW Mars surface context cameras past, present, and future 10.1002/2016EA000166 M. D. Gunn1 and C. R. Cousins2 Key Points: 1Institute of Maths, Physics and Computer Science, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK, 2Department of Earth and • Camera systems have been a core component of all instrument payloads Environmental Sciences, Irvine Building, University of St Andrews, St.
    [Show full text]
  • The CONSERT Operations Planning Process for the Rosetta Mission
    SpaceOps Conferences 10.2514/6.2018-2687 28 May - 1 June 2018, Marseille, France 2018 SpaceOps Conference The CONSERT operations planning process for the Rosetta mission Y. Rogez1, P. Puget2, S. Zine3, A. Hérique4, W. Kofman5 Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CNES, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France N. Altobelli6, M. Ashman7, M. Barthelemy8, M. Costa Sitjà9, B. Geiger10, B. Grieger11, R. Hoofs12, M. Küppers13, L. O’Rourke14, C. Vallat15 European Space Astronomy Centre/European Space Agency, PO. Box 78, 28691 Villanueva de la Cañada, Spain J. Biele16, C. Fantinati17, K. Geurts18, M. Maibaum19, B. Pätz20, S. Ulamec21 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft und Raumfahrt. DLR-RB/MUSC, 51147 Köln, Germany A. Blazquez22, C. Delmas23, J.-F. Fronton24, E. Jurado25, A. Moussi26 Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES), 18 av. E. Belin, 31401 Toulouse, France C.M. Casas27, A. Hubault28, P. Muñoz29 European Space Operation Centre/European Space Agency, Germany ESOC/ESA, Germany and 1 CONSERT Operation Engineer, Radar group 2 CONSERT Project Manager, Radar group 3 CONSERT Scientist, Planeto team, Radar group 4 CONSERT Principal Investigator, Planeto team, Radar group 5 CONSERT Principal Investigator until 2018, Planeto team, Radar group 6 Rosetta Scientist, RSGS 7 Rosetta Science Operations Engineer, RSGS 8 Rosetta Archive and Liaison Scientist, RSGS 9 SPICE and Auxiliary Data Support Engineer, RSGS 10 Rosetta Liaison Scientist, RSGS 11 Rosetta Trajectory Design Scientist, RSGS 12 Rosetta Science Operations Advisor, RSGS 13 Rosetta Scientist, RSGS 14 Rosetta Downlink
    [Show full text]
  • Wisdom/Exomars 2020: a Calibrated and Fully Characterized Ground Penetrating Radar Ready to Sound the Martian Subsurface
    Ninth International Conference on Mars 2019 (LPI Contrib. No. 2089) 6225.pdf WISDOM/EXOMARS 2020: A CALIBRATED AND FULLY CHARACTERIZED GROUND PENETRATING RADAR READY TO SOUND THE MARTIAN SUBSURFACE. Y. Hervé1, V. Ciarletti1, A. Le Gall1, C. Corbel1, D. Plettemeier 2,A.J. Vieau 1, B. Lustrement1, O. Humeau1, R. Hassen-Khodja1,W.S. Benedix2, N. Oudart1, E. Bertrand1, L. Lapauw1, V. Tranier1, F. Vivat1, S. Hegler2, LATMOS/IPSL, UVSQ (Université Paris- Saclay), Sorbonne Univ., Guyancourt, France ([email protected]), 2Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany Introduction: In 2021, the second part of the Ex- ments that have been performed before the instru- oMars mission (Rover and surface platform) will land ment’s delivery. on Oxia Planum, which has been selected because it is an old Noachian terrain that shows evidence of aque- ous episodes [1]. The mission’s main objectives are to search for possible bio-signatures of past Martian life, to characterize the water and geochemical distribution as a function of depth in the shallow subsurface and to investigate the planet's subsurface in order to better understand the evolution and habitability of Mars. To reach these objectives, the ExoMars Rover is equipped with a drill able to collect samples at depth down to 2 m, that will be analyzed inside the Rover body. WISDOM (Water Ice Subsurface Deposits Obser- vation on Mars) is the polarimetric ground penetrating radar that will be accommodated on the Rover of the ExoMars mission [2],[3]. In accordance with the mis- Figure 1 : WISDOM FM Electronic Unit sion’s objectives, the main goal of the instrument is to reveal the geological context and evolution of the land- ing site.
    [Show full text]
  • The Castalia Mission to Main Belt Comet 133P/Elst-Pizarro C
    The Castalia mission to Main Belt Comet 133P/Elst-Pizarro C. Snodgrass, G.H. Jones, H. Boehnhardt, A. Gibbings, M. Homeister, N. Andre, P. Beck, M.S. Bentley, I. Bertini, N. Bowles, et al. To cite this version: C. Snodgrass, G.H. Jones, H. Boehnhardt, A. Gibbings, M. Homeister, et al.. The Castalia mission to Main Belt Comet 133P/Elst-Pizarro. Advances in Space Research, Elsevier, 2018, 62 (8), pp.1947- 1976. 10.1016/j.asr.2017.09.011. hal-02350051 HAL Id: hal-02350051 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02350051 Submitted on 28 Aug 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution| 4.0 International License Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Advances in Space Research 62 (2018) 1947–1976 www.elsevier.com/locate/asr The Castalia mission to Main Belt Comet 133P/Elst-Pizarro C. Snodgrass a,⇑, G.H. Jones b, H. Boehnhardt c, A. Gibbings d, M. Homeister d, N. Andre e, P. Beck f, M.S. Bentley g, I. Bertini h, N. Bowles i, M.T. Capria j, C. Carr k, M.
    [Show full text]
  • Exomars Trace Gas Orbiter
    EE XX OO MM AA RR SS POCKOCMOC The ExoMars Programme NASA PPS G. Kminek, J. L. Vago, O. Witasse, and the ExoMars Team 12–13 November 2013, GSFC 1 (USA) Cooperation EE XX OO MM AA RR SS POCKOCMOC ExoMars Programme • Consists of two missions, in 2016 and 2018. • A cooperation between ESA and Roscosmos (agreement signed in Mar 2013). • The programme includes some important contributions from NASA. • ExoMars constitutes ESA’s highest priority in robotic exploration. Credit: MEX/HRSC 2 2016 Mission Objectives EE XX OO MM AA RR SS TECHNOLOGY OBJECTIVE ‣ Entry, Descent, and Landing (EDL) of a payload on the surface of Mars. 2016 SCIENTIFIC OBJECTIVES ‣ To study Martian atmospheric trace gases and their sources; ‣ To conduct surface environment measurements. ➔ ‣ Data relay services for landed missions until 2022. Credit: MEX/HRSC 3 Trace Gas Orbiter EE XX OO MM AA RR SS NOMAD Atmospheric composition High-resolution occultation (CH4, O3, trace species, isotopes) dust, clouds, P&T profiles and nadir spectrometers 0.2 0.5 1 2 5 10 20 UVIS (0.20 – 0.65 μm) λ/Δλ 250 SO Limb Nadir Wavelength (μm) ∼ IR (2.3 – 3.8 μm) λ/Δλ 10,000 SO Limb Nadir ∼ NOMAD nadir Date 4 Apr 2008 13:33:04 Ls=154 IR (2.3 – 4.3 μm) λ/Δλ 20,000 SO spatial resolution 60°N ∼ CaSSIS Mapping of sources High-resolution, stereo camera Landing site selection 30°N ACS Atmospheric chemistry, aerosols, 0°N Suite of 3 high-resolution surface T, structure spectrometers Background CH4 map, 30°S Mumma et al.
    [Show full text]