Clay Lecture, Cheryl Praeger
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Cores of Symmetric Graphs
J. Aust. Math. Soc. 85 (2008), 145–154 doi:10.1017/S1446788708000815 CORES OF SYMMETRIC GRAPHS PETER J. CAMERON ˛ and PRISCILA A. KAZANIDIS (Received 17 February 2008; accepted 1 April 2008) Communicated by Peter M. Neumann Dedicated to Cheryl Praeger for her sixtieth birthday Abstract The core of a graph 0 is the smallest graph 1 that is homomorphically equivalent to 0 (that is, there exist homomorphisms in both directions). The core of 0 is unique up to isomorphism and is an induced subgraph of 0. We give a construction in some sense dual to the core. The hull of a graph 0 is a graph containing 0 as a spanning subgraph, admitting all the endomorphisms of 0, and having as core a complete graph of the same order as the core of 0. This construction is related to the notion of a synchronizing permutation group, which arises in semigroup theory; we provide some more insight by characterizing these permutation groups in terms of graphs. It is known that the core of a vertex-transitive graph is vertex-transitive. In some cases we can make stronger statements: for example, if 0 is a non- edge-transitive graph, we show that either the core of 0 is complete, or 0 is its own core. Rank-three graphs are non-edge-transitive. We examine some families of these to decide which of the two alternatives for the core actually holds. We will see that this question is very difficult, being equivalent in some cases to unsolved questions in finite geometry (for example, about spreads, ovoids and partitions into ovoids in polar spaces). -
Some New General Lower Bounds for Mixed Metric Dimension of Graphs
Some new general lower bounds for mixed metric dimension of graphs Milica Milivojevi´cDanasa, Jozef Kraticab, Aleksandar Savi´cc, Zoran Lj. Maksimovi´cd, aFaculty of Science and Mathematics, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovi´ca 12, Kragujevac, Serbia bMathematical Institute, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Kneza Mihaila 36/III, 11 000 Belgrade, Serbia cFaculty of Mathematics, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16/IV, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia dUniversity of Defence, Military Academy, Generala Pavla Juriˇsi´ca Sturmaˇ 33, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia Abstract Let G = (V, E) be a connected simple graph. The distance d(u, v) between vertices u and v from V is the number of edges in the shortest u − v path. If e = uv ∈ E is an edge in G than distance d(w, e) where w is some vertex in G is defined as d(w, e) = min(d(w,u),d(w, v)). Now we can say that vertex w ∈ V resolves two elements x, y ∈ V ∪ E if d(w, x) =6 d(w,y). The mixed resolving set is a set of vertices S, S ⊆ V if and only if any two elements of E ∪ V are resolved by some element of S. A minimal resolving set related to inclusion is called mixed resolving basis, and its cardinality is called the mixed metric dimension of a graph G. This graph invariant is recently introduced and it is of interest to find its general properties and determine its values for various classes of graphs. Since arXiv:2007.05808v1 [math.CO] 11 Jul 2020 the problem of finding mixed metric dimension is a minimization problem, of interest is also to find lower bounds of good quality. -
Distances, Diameter, Girth, and Odd Girth in Generalized Johnson Graphs
Distances, Diameter, Girth, and Odd Girth in Generalized Johnson Graphs Ari J. Herman Dept. of Mathematics & Statistics Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA Mathematical Literature and Problems project in partial fulfillment of requirements for the Masters of Science in Mathematics Under the direction of Dr. John Caughman with second reader Dr. Derek Garton Abstract Let v > k > i be non-negative integers. The generalized Johnson graph, J(v; k; i), is the graph whose vertices are the k-subsets of a v-set, where vertices A and B are adjacent whenever jA \ Bj = i. In this project, we present the results of the paper \On the girth and diameter of generalized Johnson graphs," by Agong, Amarra, Caughman, Herman, and Terada [1], along with a number of related additional results. In particular, we derive general formulas for the girth, diameter, and odd girth of J(v; k; i). Furthermore, we provide a formula for the distance between any two vertices A and B in terms of the cardinality of their intersection. We close with a number of possible future directions. 2 1. Introduction In this project, we present the results of the paper \On the girth and diameter of generalized Johnson graphs," by Agong, Amarra, Caughman, Herman, and Terada [1], along with a number of related additional results. Let v > k > i be non-negative integers. The generalized Johnson graph, X = J(v; k; i), is the graph whose vertices are the k-subsets of a v-set, with adjacency defined by A ∼ B , jA \ Bj = i: (1) Generalized Johnson graphs were introduced by Chen and Lih in [4]. -
Properties of Codes in the Johnson Scheme
Properties of Codes in the Johnson Scheme Natalia Silberstein Properties of Codes in the Johnson Scheme Research Thesis In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Applied Mathematics Natalia Silberstein Submitted to the Senate of the Technion - Israel Institute of Technology Shvat 5767 Haifa February 2007 The Research Thesis Was Done Under the Supervision of Professor Tuvi Etzion in the Faculty of Mathematics I wish to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, Prof. Tuvi Etzion for his guidance and kind support. I would also like to thank my family and my friends for thear support. The Generous Financial Help Of The Technion and Israeli Science Foundation Is Gratefully Acknowledged. Contents Abstract 1 List of symbols and abbreviations 3 1 Introduction 4 1.1 Definitions.................................. 5 1.1.1 Blockdesigns............................ 5 1.2 PerfectcodesintheHammingmetric. .. 7 1.3 Perfect codes in the Johnson metric (survey of known results)....... 8 1.4 Organizationofthiswork. 13 2 Perfect codes in J(n, w) 15 2.1 t-designs and codes in J(n, w) ....................... 15 2.1.1 Divisibility conditions for 1-perfect codes in J(n, w) ....... 17 2.1.2 Improvement of Roos’ bound for 1-perfect codes . 20 2.1.3 Number theory’s constraints for size of Φ1(n, w) ......... 24 2.2 Moments .................................. 25 2.2.1 Introduction............................. 25 2.2.1.1 Configurationdistribution . 25 2.2.1.2 Moments. ........................ 26 2.2.2 Binomial moments for 1-perfect codes in J(n, w) ........ 27 2.2.2.1 Applicationsof Binomial momentsfor 1-perfect codes in J(n, w) ....................... -
Geometry, Combinatorial Designs and Cryptology Fourth Pythagorean Conference
Geometry, Combinatorial Designs and Cryptology Fourth Pythagorean Conference Sunday 30 May to Friday 4 June 2010 Index of Talks and Abstracts Main talks 1. Simeon Ball, On subsets of a finite vector space in which every subset of basis size is a basis 2. Simon Blackburn, Honeycomb arrays 3. G`abor Korchm`aros, Curves over finite fields, an approach from finite geometry 4. Cheryl Praeger, Basic pregeometries 5. Bernhard Schmidt, Finiteness of circulant weighing matrices of fixed weight 6. Douglas Stinson, Multicollision attacks on iterated hash functions Short talks 1. Mari´en Abreu, Adjacency matrices of polarity graphs and of other C4–free graphs of large size 2. Marco Buratti, Combinatorial designs via factorization of a group into subsets 3. Mike Burmester, Lightweight cryptographic mechanisms based on pseudorandom number generators 4. Philippe Cara, Loops, neardomains, nearfields and sets of permutations 5. Ilaria Cardinali, On the structure of Weyl modules for the symplectic group 6. Bill Cherowitzo, Parallelisms of quadrics 7. Jan De Beule, Large maximal partial ovoids of Q−(5, q) 8. Bart De Bruyn, On extensions of hyperplanes of dual polar spaces 1 9. Frank De Clerck, Intriguing sets of partial quadrangles 10. Alice Devillers, Symmetry properties of subdivision graphs 11. Dalibor Froncek, Decompositions of complete bipartite graphs into generalized prisms 12. Stelios Georgiou, Self-dual codes from circulant matrices 13. Robert Gilman, Cryptology of infinite groups 14. Otokar Groˇsek, The number of associative triples in a quasigroup 15. Christoph Hering, Latin squares, homologies and Euler’s conjecture 16. Leanne Holder, Bilinear star flocks of arbitrary cones 17. Robert Jajcay, On the geometry of cages 18. -
On the Generalized Θ-Number and Related Problems for Highly Symmetric Graphs
On the generalized #-number and related problems for highly symmetric graphs Lennart Sinjorgo ∗ Renata Sotirov y Abstract This paper is an in-depth analysis of the generalized #-number of a graph. The generalized #-number, #k(G), serves as a bound for both the k-multichromatic number of a graph and the maximum k-colorable subgraph problem. We present various properties of #k(G), such as that the series (#k(G))k is increasing and bounded above by the order of the graph G. We study #k(G) when G is the graph strong, disjunction and Cartesian product of two graphs. We provide closed form expressions for the generalized #-number on several classes of graphs including the Kneser graphs, cycle graphs, strongly regular graphs and orthogonality graphs. Our paper provides bounds on the product and sum of the k-multichromatic number of a graph and its complement graph, as well as lower bounds for the k-multichromatic number on several graph classes including the Hamming and Johnson graphs. Keywords k{multicoloring, k-colorable subgraph problem, generalized #-number, Johnson graphs, Hamming graphs, strongly regular graphs. AMS subject classifications. 90C22, 05C15, 90C35 1 Introduction The k{multicoloring of a graph is to assign k distinct colors to each vertex in the graph such that two adjacent vertices are assigned disjoint sets of colors. The k-multicoloring is also known as k-fold coloring, n-tuple coloring or simply multicoloring. We denote by χk(G) the minimum number of colors needed for a valid k{multicoloring of a graph G, and refer to it as the k-th chromatic number of G or the multichromatic number of G. -
On the Connectedness and Diameter of a Geometric Johnson Graph∗
On the Connectedness and Diameter of a Geometric Johnson Graph∗ C. Bautista-Santiago y J. Cano y R. Fabila-Monroy z∗∗ D. Flores-Pe~naloza x H. Gonz´alez-Aguilar y D. Lara { E. Sarmiento z J. Urrutia yk June 4, 2018 Abstract Let P be a set of n points in general position in the plane. A subset I of P is called an island if there exists a convex set C such that I = P \ C. In this paper we define the generalized island Johnson graph of P as the graph whose vertex consists of all islands of P of cardinality k, two of which are adjacent if their intersection consists of exactly l elements. We show that for large enough values of n, this graph is connected, and give upper and lower bounds on its diameter. Keywords: Johnson graph, intersection graph, diameter, connectedness, islands. 1 Introduction Let [n] := f1; 2; : : : ; ng and let k ≤ n be a positive integer. A k-subset of a set is a subset of k elements. The Johnson graph J(n; k) is the graph whose vertex set consists of all k-subsets of [n], two of which are adjacent if their intersection has size k − 1. The Kneser graph K(n; k) is the graph whose vertex set consists of all k-subsets of [n], two of which are adjacent if they are generalized Johnson graph arXiv:1202.3455v1 [math.CO] 15 Feb 2012 disjoint. The GJ(n; k; l) is the graph whose vertex ∗Part of the work was done in the 2nd Workshop on Discrete Geometry and its Applications. -
Regular Hypermaps Over Projective Linear Groups
J. Aust. Math. Soc. 85 (2008), 155–175 doi:10.1017/S1446788708000827 REGULAR HYPERMAPS OVER PROJECTIVE LINEAR GROUPS MARSTON CONDER ˛, PRIMOZˇ POTOCNIKˇ and JOZEF SIRˇ A´ Nˇ (Received 23 December 2007; accepted 17 May 2008) Communicated by Peter M. Neumann Dedicated to Cheryl Praeger for her sixtieth birthday Abstract An enumeration result for orientably regular hypermaps of a given type with automorphism groups isomorphic to PSL.2; q/ or PGL.2; q/ can be extracted from a 1969 paper by Sah. We extend the investigation to orientable reflexible hypermaps and to nonorientable regular hypermaps, providing many more details about the associated computations and explicit generating sets for the associated groups. 2000 Mathematics subject classification: primary 57M15; secondary 05C25, 20F05. Keywords and phrases: hypermap, regular hypermap, triangle group, projective linear group. 1. Introduction A regular hypermap H is a pair .r; s/ of permutations generating a regular permutation group on a finite set, and provides a generalization of the geometric notion of a regular map on a surface, by allowing edges to be replaced by ‘hyperedges’. The cycles of r; s and rs correspond to the hypervertices, hyperedges and hyperfaces of H, which determine the embedding of the underlying (and connected) hypergraph into the surface, and their orders give the type of H, say fk; l; mg. The group G generated by r and s induces a group of automorphisms of this hypergraph, preserving the embedding, and acting transitively on the flags (incident hypervertex-hyperedge pairs) of H. When one of the parameters k; l; m is 2, the hypergraph is a graph, and the hypermap is a regular map. -
WIMSIG Annual Report 2016
Women in Mathematics Special Interest Group (WIMSIG) 2015/2016 Annual Report to the Australian Mathematical Society November 7, 2016 Contents 1 Executive Committee 3 2 Events 3 2.1 Women in Maths Gatherings . 3 2.2 Embedded events . 3 2.3 Endorsed events . 4 3 Advocacy 4 3.1 Written submissions . 4 3.2 Presentations . 5 3.3 Media Interviews . 6 4 WIMSIG Delegates 7 4.1 Connections with other organisations . 7 4.2 Newsletter . 8 4.3 Website . 8 5 Projects 9 5.1 Travel Awards . 9 5.2 WIMSIG Conference 2017: Celebration of Women in Mathe- matics . 10 5.3 Proposed online archive of Hanna Neumann's work . 11 6 Membership 11 7 Elections 11 8 Funds 12 9 ? Future funding source for Women in Maths Events at AustMS and ANZIAM annual meetings ? 12 1 Women in Mathematics Special Interest Group 10 ? Good Practice Scheme ? 13 11 Appendix: Travel Award Reports, Rounds 1{4 14 2 7 November 2016 Women in Mathematics Special Interest Group This report includes activities from September 2015 to October 2016. 1 Executive Committee • Lesley Ward, Chair • Giang Nguyen, Treasurer • Joanne Hall, Secretary • Lynn Batten, Committee Member • Deborah Cromer, Committee Member • Asha Rao, Immediate Past Chair 2 Events WIMSIG currently supports three types of events: Women in Maths Gath- erings, Embedded Events, and Endorsed Events. 2.1 Women in Maths Gatherings WIMSIG organised nine Women in Maths Gatherings around the country in the last year. Funding was provided by the host organisations. • November 2015 Gatherings were hosted by UAdelaide, QUT, Monash and USyd. • June 2016 Gatherings were hosted by Flinders University, UTS, UQ, UCanberra and UTas. -
SOME PROPERTIES of LINE GRAPHS of HAMMING and JOHNSON GRAPHS by Miss Ratinan Chinda a Thesis Submitted in Partial
SOME PROPERTIES OF LINE GRAPHS OF HAMMING AND JOHNSON GRAPHS By Miss Ratinan Chinda A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science Program in Mathematics Department of Mathematics Graduate School, Silpakorn University Academic Year 2013 Copyright of Graduate School, Silpakorn University SOME PROPERTIES OF LINE GRAPHS OF HAMMING AND JOHNSON GRAPHS By Miss Ratinan Chinda A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science Program in Mathematics Department of Mathematics Graduate School, Silpakorn University Academic Year 2013 Copyright of Graduate School, Silpakorn University ¤´·µ¦³µ¦ °¦µ¢Áo °¦µ¢Â±¤¤·É¨³¦µ¢°®r´ Ã¥ µµª¦·´r ·µ ª·¥µ·¡r¸ÊÁ}nª® °µ¦«¹É ¹¬µµ¤®¨´¼¦¦·µª·¥µ«µ¦¤®µ´ · µ µª·µ«µ¦· r £µªµ· «µ¦· r ´·ª·¥µ¨´¥ ¤®µª·¥µ¨¥«´ ·¨µ¦ eµ¦«¹¬µ 2556 ¨· ··Í °´ ·ª·¥µ¨´¥ ¤®µª·¥µ¨´¥«·¨µ¦ The Graduate School, Silpakorn University has approved and accredited the Thesis title of “Some properties of line graphs of Hamming and Johnson graphs” submitted by Miss Ratinan Chinda as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Mathematics ……........................................................................ (Associate Professor Panjai Tantatsanawong, Ph.D.) Dean of Graduate School ........../..................../.......... The Thesis Advisor Chalermpong Worawannotai, Ph.D. The Thesis Examination Committee .................................................... Chairman (Associate Professor Nawarat Ananchuen, Ph.D.) ............/......................../............. -
Gazette 35(3)
Cheryl Praeger∗ Gazette: What lead you to become a mathematician? Praeger: I discovered at high school that I really liked mathematics. Of course I was scared by the examinations, but I loved problem solving and I loved seeing the applications in physics to explain what was happening in the world. I really didn’t know that someone in the then 20th century could actually be a mathematician — I didn’t know that there were any jobs [for mathematicians]. So for me it was a matter of having the luxury and privilege of continuing to learn mathematics without any expectation that I would continue to do mathematics throughout my life. So I’ve been really lucky; it was something I really enjoyed doing, and it’s turned into a career. However, I needed enough confidence to do mathematics at university. Secretly, I thought that if ‘something happened’ in a statewide mathematics competition that I entered, I would then be determined and go for it. I tied for first-place in the Queensland Mathematics Teachers competition, in the year before I started university, and that gave me the confidence to decide that I would study maths. Gazette: So there was an issue of confidence at the beginning? Praeger: Oh definitely. I felt that I was a big fish in a small pond. I wondered whether the fact that I was performing well at school would have any bearing on whether I could continue to be successful doing mathematics at university. Gazette: What area of maths do you work in? Praeger: My research interests are in algebra, specifically group theory. -
Heilbronn Fellows Research Papers 2014 – 2021
Heilbronn Fellows Research Papers 2014 – 2021 2020/2021 ** Edward Crane, Gene Kopp. Rubel’s problem: from Hayman’s list to the Chabauty method. London Mathematical Society newsletter, issue 492 (2021). Feature article. View pdf. Chris Budd, Kieran Calvert, Sam Johnson, Sam Tickle. Assessing risk in the retail environment during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020). View pdf on arxiv:2011.09277 Robert Kurinczuk, Daniel Skodlerack, Shaun Stevens. Endo-parameters for p-adic classical groups (2020). Inventiones Mathematicae. View pdf on doi:10.1007/s00222-020-00997-0 Alonso Castillo-Ramirez, Justin McInroy. Miyamoto groups of code algebras generated by small idempotents (2020). View pdf on arxiv:2001.08426 ** Benjamin Bedert, George Cooper, Thomas Oliver, Pengcheng Zhang. Twisting moduli for GL(2) (2020). View pdf on arxiv:2003.02557 Joel Klassen, Milad Marvian, Stephen Piddock, Marios Ioannou, Itay Hen, Barbara Terhal. Hardness and ease of curing the sign problem for two-local qubit Hamiltonians (2020). View pdf on arxiv:1906.08800 Jason Semeraro. A 2-compact group as a spets (2020). View pdf on arxiv:1906.00898 Chris Parker, Jason Semeraro. Algorithms for fusion systems with applications to p-groups of small order (2020). View pdf on arxiv:2003.01600 Sam Tickle, Idris Eckley, Paul Fearnhead. A computationally efficient, high-dimensional multiple changepoint procedure with application to global terrorism incidence (2020). View pdf on arxiv:2011.03599 ** Demi Allen, Sam Chow, Han Yu. Dyadic approximation in the middle-third cantor set (2020). View pdf on arxiv:2005.09300 John Cremona, Filip Najman. -curves over odd degree number fields (2020). View pdf on arxiv:2004.10054 ℚ September 2020 ** Highlighted papers Demi Allen, Edward Crane, Christopher Doris, David Abrahams et al.