DOCSLIB.ORG

Oral Candidosis

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Oral Candidosis ORAL MEDICINEORAL MEDICINE Oral Candidosis GRANT T. M CINTYRE isolated from oral candidoses in the Abstract: Oral candidoses are frequently encountered in the practice of dentistry. immunocompromised patient, and in Although most oral candidoses are symptomless, they can indicate the presence of an underlying systemic disease, and the persistence of oral candidosis following such individuals the course of oral appropriate conventional management may be one of the first signs of undiagnosed candidosis can be protracted and immunosuppression. The opportunistic pathogen Candida albicans is the most resistant to normal management commonly isolated species from oral candidal lesions; however, the non-albicans protocols. Candida spp. are also implicated in the aetiology of oral candidoses. The effective management of oral candidosis is dependent on an accurate diagnosis, identification and elimination of any predisposing factors (where possible), and the prescription of Organisms Involved in Oral either topical or systemic antifungal agents. Oral candidosis may have significant Candidosis implications for the general health of immunosuppressed patients, particularly when Although C. albicans is frequently caused by the non-albicans spp. and, in cases of severe immunosuppression, systemic identified in the aetiopathogenesis of candidosis can be life-threatening. This article outlines the clinical presentation and candidosis, other candidal species can be appropriate management for the commonly presenting oral candidal conditions. isolated from oral candidal lesions: Dent Update 2001; 28: 132-139 ! C. tropicalis; Clinical Relevance: Dental professionals should be aware of the clinical signs of ! C. pseudotropicalis; intraoral candidosis, the appropriate special investigations that may be required in ! C. glabrata; order to derive a definitive diagnosis, the significance of immunosuppression in oral ! C. krusei; candidosis and the appropriate methods of management of the condition. ! C. parapsilosis. PREDISPOSING FACTORS ral candidosis is a collective term symptomless and can be a marker of A number of predisposing factors have O for the group of diseases that underlying immunosuppression, and are been identified, all with the common result from infection with Candida spp., therefore referred to as the ‘diseases of the feature of producing a change in the host– affecting both immunocompetent and diseased’. Immunosuppression is an commensal balance (altered oral immunocompromised individuals. (The important consideration for any homeostasis), allowing the proliferation of terms ‘candidosis’ and ‘candidiasis’ are candidosis that either does not resolve the candidal organisms that results in synonymous: candidosis will be used rapidly with appropriate conventional candidosis. C. albicans normally co- throughout this article.) Non-candidal oral management, or recurs frequently. exists with Lactobacillus acidophilus in mycoses (cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis Oral candidal species can be identified the vegetative (yeast or blastospore) state; and geotrichosis) are extremely rare and as part of the oral commensal flora in 41% however, it can readily change to the generally diagnosed only in HIV-infected of the ‘normal’ population,2 and it is elongated cellular form (pseudohyphae) or individuals.1 The effects of oral impossible to eradicate Candida from the chlamydospore forms. C. albicans has candidosis may range from localized oral cavity completely. Candida spp. are weak pathogenicity and when an infections to acute, systemic disseminated opportunistic pathogens, resulting in imbalance occurs in the host–commensal disease. Oral candidoses are often disease when the host–commensal relationship this commensal organism has relationship is disturbed. Candida the opportunity to become pathogenic. albicans is the species most often The production of an endotoxin – an Grant T. McIntyre, BDS, FDS RCPS (Glasg.), cultured from candidoses in extracellular proteolytic enzyme – is Specialist Registrar, Dundee Dental Hospital and immunocompetent individuals; however, responsible for most of the adverse School, Dundee, Scotland. the non-albicans spp. are more frequently effects of the intraoral mucous membrane 132 Dental Update – April 2001 ORAL MEDICINE Factor Examples rectification should form an integral component of the overall patient Physiological Age (old and young), pregnancy management: the failure either to identify Trauma Ill-fitting dentures and orthodontic appliances or manage predisposing factors will Dietary factors High carbohydrate intake, deficiency states (iron, vit. B , folate) prevent the expedient resolution of oral 12 candidosis, and will most likely result in Endocrine Diabetes mellitus, Addison’s disease, Hypothyroidism recurrence. Where it is not possible to Malignancy Agranulocytosis, leukaemias eliminate predisposing factors, such as in Immune defects AIDS the long-term use of inhaled steroids or Xerostomia Drug-induced, Sjögren’s syndrome, radiation-induced where malignancy is present, the prophylactic prescription of an antifungal Disturbed oral flora Antibiotics (especially broad spectrum), steroids agent may prevent recurrence. ‘Other’ factors Smoking, hospitalization Immunocompromization is the single Table 1. Predisposing factors in oral candidosis. most important predisposing factor that should be considered in patients with oral candidosis, owing to the potential for in oral candidosis. carcinomata predispose to oral significant general health sequelae and, Predisposing localized and systemic candidosis. The therapeutic use of in severe cases of immunosuppression, factors can be classified as natural chemotherapy and radiotherapy in the patient’s immune response may factors, dietary factors, mechanical malignancy are associated with an become overwhelmed by systemic factors and iatrogenic factors or grouped increased risk of oral candidosis: the candidosis, leading to a life-threatening according to physiological factors, mechanisms are complex, but involve situation. The prophylactic prescription trauma, dietary factors, endocrine factors, these therapies having a direct effect on of an antifungal may not only improve life malignancy, immune defects, xerostomia, the rate of cellular turnover in the oral quality, but also life expectancy for the disturbed oral flora and ‘other’ factors. mucous membrane and reducing the severely immunocompromised patient. Table 1 summarizes the predisposing salivary flow, respectively. Oral factors in oral candidosis. candidosis may be one of the earliest The physiological factors – the signs of AIDS, and in HIV-infected CLASSIFICATION OF ORAL extremes of age – predispose to oral patients candidoses can affect multiple CANDIDAL CONDITIONS candidosis, as they are associated with intraoral sites.1 The first classification of oral candidosis an impaired host response. Xerostomia results in reduced flow and was proposed by Lehner in 1966.5 Lehner Mechanical irritation (from acrylic quality of saliva and predisposes to oral recognized two major subdivisions: dentures and orthodontic appliances) candidosis. The reduced effectiveness of may result in the breakdown of the the antimicrobial properties of saliva ! acute, including pseudomembranous integrity of the mucous membrane, (lysozyme, lactoferrin, the and atrophic candidosis; and destroying its intrinsic antimicrobial lactoperoxidase system, and salivary ! chronic, including atrophic and resistance,3 while the close contact of the glycoprotein4) favours the proliferation hyperplastic candidiasis. acrylic and mucous membrane prevents of Candida spp. salivary antimicrobial substances Broad-spectrum antibiotics, steroid The currently accepted classification6 (lysozyme, lactoferrin, the aerosols and smoking interfere with the lactoperoxidase system and salivary normal balance of the oral microbial flora glycoproteins) coming into contact with by removing the competition between the Primary oral candidoses (group 1) the invading microorganisms. various microorganisms for adherence ! Acute: Pseudomembranous, Some dietary factors such as a high and nutrition which, in health, limits the erythematous carbohydrate intake provide Candida growth and dissemination of fungi. ! Chronic: Pseudomembranous, spp. with ideal metabolites, whereas the Hospitalization may predispose erythematous, hyperplastic (plaque-like and nodular) deficiency states (iron, vitamin B12 and individuals to oral candidosis; patients in folate) may reflect the poor resistance of hospital may encounter microorganisms ! Candida-associated lesions: Candida- the intraoral and perioral tissues to to which they cannot mount an effective associated denture-induced stomatitis, infection by Candida spp. immune response, either because of angular cheilitis, median rhomboid glossitis Endocrine disturbances, the presence reduced immunocompetence as a result Secondary oral candidoses (group 2) of malignancy and immune defects (e.g. of ill-health or due to the exposure to ! Oral manifestations of systemic mucocutaneous candidosis (due to diseases AIDS) are associated with an inferior previously unmet potential pathogens. such as thymic aplasia and candidosis host response, particularly cell-mediated Following the discovery of a endocrinopathy syndrome) immunity. Furthermore, areas of ulcerated predisposing factor in a patient Table 2. Classification of oral candidosis (after mucous membrane associated with oral diagnosed with oral candidosis, its Holmstrup and Axéll6). Dental Update –
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Glossary for Narrative Writing
    Periodontal Assessment and Treatment Planning Gingival description Color: o pink o erythematous o cyanotic o racial pigmentation o metallic pigmentation o uniformity Contour: o recession o clefts o enlarged papillae o cratered papillae o blunted papillae o highly rolled o bulbous o knife-edged o scalloped o stippled Consistency: o firm o edematous o hyperplastic o fibrotic Band of gingiva: o amount o quality o location o treatability Bleeding tendency: o sulcus base, lining o gingival margins Suppuration Sinus tract formation Pocket depths Pseudopockets Frena Pain Other pathology Dental Description Defective restorations: o overhangs o open contacts o poor contours Fractured cusps 1 ww.links2success.biz [email protected] 914-303-6464 Caries Deposits: o Type . plaque . calculus . stain . matera alba o Location . supragingival . subgingival o Severity . mild . moderate . severe Wear facets Percussion sensitivity Tooth vitality Attrition, erosion, abrasion Occlusal plane level Occlusion findings Furcations Mobility Fremitus Radiographic findings Film dates Crown:root ratio Amount of bone loss o horizontal; vertical o localized; generalized Root length and shape Overhangs Bulbous crowns Fenestrations Dehiscences Tooth resorption Retained root tips Impacted teeth Root proximities Tilted teeth Radiolucencies/opacities Etiologic factors Local: o plaque o calculus o overhangs 2 ww.links2success.biz [email protected] 914-303-6464 o orthodontic apparatus o open margins o open contacts o improper
    [Show full text]
  • Pulmonary Geotrichosis Confirms the Diagnosis of Geotrichosis.A'3 Radiologically, Urinary Bladder Carcinoma Initially Manifested
    150 LETTERS TO THE EDITOR Postgrad Med J: first published as 10.1136/pgmj.68.796.150 on 1 February 1992. Downloaded from References ricin B and 5-fluorocytosine have been shown to have in vitro activity at attainable concentrations.4 1. Langgand, H. & Smith, W.O. Self-induced water intoxication without predisposing illness. N Engl J Med 1962, 266: 378-383. Rama Ramani 2. Kennedy, R.M. & Earley, L.E. Profound hyponatraemia P. Vittal Rao' resulting from a thiazide induced decrease in urinary diluting Girija R. Kumari capacity in a patient with primary polydipsia. N Engl J Med P.G. Shivananda 1970, 282: 1185-1186. Departments of Microbiology & 'Medicine, 3. Beresford, H.R. Polydipsia, hydrochlorothiazide and water Kasturba Medical College, intoxication. JAMA 1970, 214: 879-883. Manipal 576 119, 4. Raskind, M. Psychosis, polydipsia and water intoxication. India. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1974, 30: 112-114. 5. Gossain, V.V., Hagen, G.A. & Sugawara, M. Drug-induced hyponatraemia in psychogenic polydipsia. Postgrad Med J 1976, 52: 720-722. References 6. Fowler, R.C., Kronfol, Z.A. & Perry, P.J. Water intoxication, psychosis, and inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hor- 1. Rippon, J.W. Medical Mycology; The pathogenicfungi and the mone. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1977, 34: 1097-1099. pathogenic actinomycetes, 2nd ed. W.B. Saunders, Phila- 7. Smith, W.O. & Clark, M.L. Self-induced water intoxication in delphia, 1982, pp. 642-645. schizophrenic patients. Am J Psychiatry 1980, 137: 1055-1060. 2. Pahwa, R.K., Yadav, V.K., Singh, M.M. & Chaturvedi, V.P. 8. Emsley, R.A. & Gledhill, R.F.
    [Show full text]
  • Clinical Biotechnology and Microbiology ISSN: 2575-4750
    Page 47 to 49 Volume 1 • Issue 1 • 2017 Research Article Clinical Biotechnology and Microbiology ISSN: 2575-4750 Aspergillosis: A Highly Infectious Global Mycosis of Human and Animal Mahendra Pal* Narayan Consultancy on Veterinary Public Health and Microbiology, 4 Aangan, Ganesh Dairy Road, Anand-388001, India *Corresponding Author: Mahendra Pal, Narayan Consultancy on Veterinary Public Health and Microbiology, 4 Aangan, Ganesh Dairy Road, Anand-388001, India. Received: June 09, 2017; Published: June 19, 2017 Abstract Aspergillosis is an important opportunistic fungal saprozoonosis of worldwide distribution. The disease is reported in humans and animals including birds, and is caused primarily by Aspergillus fumigatus, a saprobic fungus of ubiquitous distribution. It occurs in aspergillosis are re- sporadic and epidemic form causing significant morbidity and mortality. Globally, over 200,000 cases of invasive ported each year. The source of infection is exogenous and respiratory tract is the chief portal of entry of fungus. A variety of clinical aspergillosis. The pathogen can signs are observed in humans and animals. Direct demonstration of fungal agent in clinical material and its isolation in pure growth be easily isolated on APRM agar. Detailed morphology of fungus is studied in Narayan stain. Numerous antifungal drugs are used in on mycological medium is still considered the gold standard to confirm an unequivocal diagnosis of clinical practice to treat cases of aspergillosis - . Certain high risk groups should use face mask to prevent inhalation of fungal spores from immediate environment. It is recommended that “APRM medium” and “Narayan stain”, which are easy to prepare and less ex including Aspergillus pensive than other stains and media, should be routinely used in microbiology and public health laboratories for the study of fungi consequences of disease.
    [Show full text]
  • A Case of Oral Geotrichosis Caused by Geotrichum Capitatum in an Old Patient
    Jpn. J. Infect. Dis., 60, 300-301, 2007 Short Communication A Case of Oral Geotrichosis Caused by Geotrichum capitatum in an Old Patient Hisao Hattori, Chisa Inoue1, Yasushi Tomita and Toshio Kanbe2* Department of Dermatology and 2Division of Molecular Mycology and Medicine, Department of Advanced Medical Science, Center for Neurological Disease and Cancer, Nagoya Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi 466-8550, and 1Fujita Health University College, Aichi 470-1192, Japan (Received January 23, 2007. Accepted May 28, 2007) SUMMARY: Geotrichosis is an uncommon fungal infection. Geotrichum capitatum is commonly acknowledged as an opportunistic fungal pathogen that causes systemic geotrichosis in immunocompromised patients, especially patients with acute leukemia and severe neutropenia. Here, we report a case of oral geotrichosis caused by G. capitatum in an old patient with no hematological malignancies. Fungal cells were detected in clinical specimens obtained with oral swabs using the KOH technique. Yeast colonies with peripheral hairs were exclusively iso- lated as fungi from the oral mucosa and feces of the patient. The isolates were identified as G. capitatum by morphological findings, sugar-assimilation tests, and the nucleotide sequences of the ITS regions of the rDNA. Effective treatment of the patient was achieved with amphotericin B syrup in accord with the results of in vitro susceptibility tests. G. capitatum should be recognized as a fungal pathogen involved in superficial infections of older persons, as should Candida spp., even in the absence of hematological malignancies. Geotrichosis is an uncommon fungal infection. Geotrichum were obtained from the tongue and feces in order to isolate of capitatum, an anamorph of Dipodascus capitatus, is commonly fungal cells by scratching the area with sterilized swabs.
    [Show full text]
  • Relyon MDC Efficacy 11 Page
    RelyOn™ MDC Efficacy Data Bacteria Organism Rep Dilutio Strain Country Comments Disease No. n states/Infectio n Acinetobacter 53 1:100 Clinical Yugoslavi Surface Wound Inf., anitratusa isolate a disinfectant test Pneumonia Bacillus cereus 122 1:100 ATCC USA AOAC Use- Food Poisoning 14579 Dilution Test Bacillus cereus 30 1:100 Strain Belgium Dutch 5-5-5 spores ATCC 9634 Protocol Bacillus cereus 40 1:100 ATCC 9139 Finland spores Bacillus subtilis 130 1:100 ATCC USA AOAC Hard GI Infection 19659 Water Test Bacillus subtilis 130 1:100 NCIMB USA AOAC Hard 8058 Water Test Bacteroides 51 1:200 1 strain Italy Oral Infections capillosus Bacteroides 51 1:200 1 strain Italy Resp, GI, UT corrodens Infections Bacteroides fragilis 51 1:200 10 strains Italy GI Infections Bacteroides oralis 51 1:200 1 strain Italy Gum, Upper Resp UTI's Campylobacter 145 1:100 ATCC USA AOAC Use- GI Infections jejuni -2 29428 Dilution Test Clostridium 169 1:100 ATCC1312 USA AOAC Use Food Poisoning perfringens 4 Dilution Test Clostridium 30 1:100 Spores, Belgium Dutch 5-5-5 Gas Gangrene sporogenes strain Protocol 19404 Enterobacter 51 1:200 4 strains Italy MIC test Nosocomial Infection Enterococcus 102 1:200 Italy Suspension Endocarditis, faecalis Test (dirty) UTI Enterococcus 63 1:100 ATCC England European Endocarditis, faecium 10541 Suspension test UTI Escherichia coli 38 1:200 Strain Australia TGA Food Poisoning NCTC 8196 Disinfectant Test Escherichia coli 67 Powder Strain England Blood Spillage Food Poisoning NCTC 8196 Test Escherichia coli 151 1:100 USA AOAC use- Food Poisoning dilution test Escherichia coli 164 1:100 Strain O157 England European Food Poisoning Suspension Test Fusobacterium 100 1:800 2 strains Italy MIC test Gingivitis, nucleatum Pericarditis Klebsiella 53 1:100 Clinical Yugoslavi Surface Pneumonia aerogenes isolate a disinfection test Klebsiella 50 1:100 Scotland Kelsey Sykes Pneumonia pneumoniae in-use test.
    [Show full text]
  • Oral Fungal Infections Diagnosis and Management
    Oral Fungal Infections Diagnosis and Management a,b,c,d,e, f,g b,c,h David R. Telles, DDS *, Niraj Karki, MD , Michael W. Marshall, DDS, FICD KEYWORDS Candidiasis Oral thrush Oral fungal infection Mucormycosis Histoplasmosis Blastomycosis Aspergillosis Geotrichosis KEY POINTS Most solitary or primary oral fungal infections are rare with the exception of oral candidiasis. Candidiasis is the leading infection that most dental practitioners will see in clinical practice. Unless diagnosed early and treated aggressively, mucormycosis can be a locally invasive and disfiguring oral and maxillofacial fungal infection. This review includes several oral and maxillofacial fungal infections, including mucormy- cosis, candidiasis, aspergillosis, blastomycosis, histoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, and coccidioidomycosis. INTRODUCTION Fungal infections are of great concern in dentistry. Patients may present with infections that can be superficial or indicative of a more serious systemic illness. This article focuses on fungal infections that can range from primary (superficial) to disseminated infections that have a high mortality. Included in the review are the most common oral and maxillofacial fungal infections, route of spread, diagnosis, treatment as well The authors have nothing to disclose. a Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Herman Ostrow USC School of Dentistry, 925 West 34th, Street, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; b Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Private Practice: Huntington Beach Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, 7677 Center Avenue, Suite 206,
    [Show full text]
  • Fungal Infections
    FUNGAL INFECTIONS SUPERFICIAL MYCOSES DEEP MYCOSES MIXED MYCOSES • Subcutaneous mycoses : important infections • Mycologists and clinicians • Common tropical subcutaneous mycoses • Signs, symptoms, diagnostic methods, therapy • Identify the causative agent • Adequate treatment Clinical classification of Mycoses CUTANEOUS SUBCUTANEOUS OPPORTUNISTIC SYSTEMIC Superficial Chromoblastomycosis Aspergillosis Aspergillosis mycoses Sporotrichosis Candidosis Blastomycosis Tinea Mycetoma Cryptococcosis Candidosis Piedra (eumycotic) Geotrichosis Coccidioidomycosis Candidosis Phaeohyphomycosis Dermatophytosis Zygomycosis Histoplasmosis Fusariosis Cryptococcosis Trichosporonosis Geotrichosis Paracoccidioidomyc osis Zygomycosis Fusariosis Trichosporonosis Sporotrichosis • Deep / subcutaneous mycosis • Sporothrix schenckii • Saprophytic , I.P. : 8-30 days • Geographical distribution Clinical varieties (Sporotrichosis) Cutaneous • Lymphangitic or Pulmonary lymphocutaneous Renal Systemic • Fixed or endemic Bone • Mycetoma like Joint • Cellulitic Meninges Lymphangitic form (Sporotrichosis) • Commonest • Exposed sites • Dermal nodule pustule ulcer sporotrichotic chancre) (Sporotrichosis) (Sporotrichosis) • Draining lymphatic inflamed & swollen • Multiple nodules along lymphatics • New nodules - every few (Sporotrichosis) days • Thin purulent discharge • Chronic - regional lymph nodes swollen - break down • Primary lesion may heal spontaneously • General health - may not be affected (Sporotrichosis) (Sporotrichosis) Fixed/Endemic variety (Sporotrichosis) •
    [Show full text]
  • 1 J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2022; Vol. 32(4) © 2021 Esmon Publicidad Doi: 10.18176
    1 Pulmonary Geotrichosis in Chronic Granulomatous Disease Palacios-Reyes D1, Yamazaki-Nakashimada MA2, Castaño-Jaramillo L2, Roman-Montes CM3,4, González-Lara MF3,4, Scheffler-Mendoza S2, Costta-Michuy A5, Bustamante J6, 7, 8, 9, Blancas-Galicia L10 1Mycology Department, National Institute of Pediatrics, Mexico City, Mexico. 2Immunology Department, National Institute of Pediatrics, Mexico City, Mexico. 3Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico. 4Infectious Diseases Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico. 5Infectious Diseases Department, National Institute of Pediatrics, Mexico City, Mexico 6St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Disease, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NK, United States. 7Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France 8Imagine Institute, University of Paris, Paris, France. 9Study Center for Immunodeficiencies, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, Paris, France. 10Immunodeficiencies Research Unit, National Institute of Pediatrics, Mexico City, Mexico. Corresponding author L. Blancas-Galicia 1 Iman Street, National Institute of Pediatrics, Immunodeficiencies Research Unit, 9th Floor, Mexico City, Mexico, 04530. E-mail: [email protected]. This article has been accepted for publication and undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process, which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record. Please cite this article as doi: 10.18176/jiaci.0749 J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2022; Vol. 32(4) © 2021 Esmon Publicidad doi: 10.18176/jiaci.0749 2 Keywords: NADPH oxidase complex. Chronic granulomatous diseases. Fungus, Geotrichum. Palabras clave: Enzima NADPH oxidasa.
    [Show full text]
  • WO 2013/038197 Al 21 March 2013 (21.03.2013) P O P C T
    (12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date WO 2013/038197 Al 21 March 2013 (21.03.2013) P O P C T (51) International Patent Classification: Geir [NO/NO]; Bj0rndalen 81, N-7072 Heimdal (NO). A01N 43/16 (2006.01) A01N 43/653 (2006.01) MYRVOLD, Rolf [NO/NO]; 0vre Gjellum vei 28, N- A61K 31/734 (2006.01) A01P 3/00 (2006.01) 1389 Heggedal (NO). A01N 43/90 (2006.01) (74) Agent: DEHNS; St Bride's House, 10 Salisbury Square, (21) International Application Number: London EC4Y 8JD (GB). PCT/GB20 12/052274 (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every (22) International Filing Date kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, 14 September 2012 (14.09.2012) AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BN, BR, BW, BY, BZ, CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, (25) English Filing Language: DO, DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, (26) Publication Language: English HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IS, JP, KE, KG, KM, KN, KP, KR, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LY, MA, MD, (30) Priority Data: ME, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, 1116010.8 15 September 201 1 (15.09.201 1) GB NO, NZ, OM, PA, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, QA, RO, RS, RU, (71) Applicant (for all designated States except US): AL- RW, SC, SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TH, TJ, GIPHARMA AS [NO/NO]; Industriveien 33, N-1337 TM, TN, TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, Sandvika (NO).
    [Show full text]
  • Fungal Infections of the Liver William St. Clair Symmers*
    10:373 Address to the Japanese Society of Hepatology (Tokyo, 13th March, 1969) Fungal Infections of the Liver William St. Clair Symmers* Summary Fungal infections of the liver rarely cause specific clinical manif estations. This is because the develop- ment of hepatic lesions is, in most cases, merely an incident in the courseof a progressive haematogenous systemic mycosis, the clinical picturebeing dominated by the general effects of the septicaemic infection. In most of these cases the fungal septicaemia is itself secondary to someunderlying disease that has predisposed to invasion of the body by the fungi, which in such circumstances commonly belong to the numerous group of so-called 'opportunistic' organisms. For the same reason, fungal infections involving only the liver are exceptionally rare. Such may result from a penetrating injury by some article contaminated by fungi: an illustrative case is described. An occasional case of actinomycosis of the liver in the absence of any recognized actinomycotic focus elsewhere in the body may reflect an observational error(e. g., the overlooking of a small intestinal focus in a case here recorded); alternatively, the initial focus may have healed. Clinically or pathologically obtrusive hepatic mycosis may be secondary to recognized infection elsewhere in the body. The direct extension of actinomycosis from an infected lung through the diaphragm into the liver is an instance of how this may occur. Likewise, fungal infection may spread by the portal blood stream from a primary focus of disease in the alimentary tract: actinomycosis, again, is the most frequent example of this event, but comparable cases of hepatic candidosis and hepatic geotrichosis are included in the paper.
    [Show full text]
  • Etiologic Role of Geotrichum Candidum in Oral Lesions of an Immunocompromised Patient
    ISSN: 2638-1966 Madridge Journal of Vaccines Research Article Open Access Etiologic role of Geotrichum candidum in Oral lesions of an Immunocompromised Patient Pratibha Dave1 and Mahendra Pal2* 1Welfare Hospital and Research Center, Bharauch-392001, Gujarat, India 2 Narayan Consultancy of Veterinary Public Health and Microbiology, 4 Aangan – I, Jagnath Ganesh Dairy Road, Anand- 388001, Gujarat, India Article Info Abstract *Corresponding author: In recent years, several opportunistic fungi have emerged as an important cause of Mahendra Pal morbidity and mortality in humans and also in animals. In this paper, we describe the Narayan Consultancy of Veterinary Public Geotrichum candidum Health and Microbiology etiologic role of , an opportunistic pathogen, in oral lesions of a 4 Aangan – I, Jagnath Ganesh Dairy Road 34-years-male immunocompromised patient from Gujarat, India. The scrapings from Anand- 388001, Gujarat, India oral lesions in wet mount preparation of KOH and Narayan stain showed many elongated E-mail: [email protected] rectangular arthrospores morphologically simulating to G. candidum. Similar morphology was observed in cytological smears of oral lesions by Gram technique. The fungus was Received: June 20, 2017 Accepted: July 6, 2017 easily isolated from clinical specimens on Pal sunflower seed medium. Treatment regime Published: July 13, 2017 included topical application of 1% solution of gentian violet on the lesions and oral administration of fluconazole. It is emphasized that Narayan stain and Pal sunflower Citation: Dave P, Pal M. Etiologic role of seed medium should be widely employed in Microbiology and Public Health laboratories Geotrichum candidum in Oral lesions of an for the study of fungi, which are implicated in various clinical disorders of humans and Immunocompromised Patient.
    [Show full text]
  • World Influence of Infectious Diseases from Wikipedia Network Analysis
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/424465; this version posted September 24, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. Manuscript SUBMITTED TO eLife WORLD INflUENCE OF INFECTIOUS 1 Diseases FROM Wikipedia Network 2 Analysis 3 1 1* 2* 4 Guillaume Rollin , José Lages , Dima L. Shepelyansky *For CORRespondence: INSTITUT UTINAM, ObservatoirE DES Sciences DE L’Univers THETA, CNRS, Université DE [email protected] (JL); 5 1 [email protected] (DLS) BourGOGNE Franche-Comté, 25030 Besançon, France; LaborATOIRE DE Physique 6 2 Théorique, IRSAMC, Université DE Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, FrANCE 7 8 9 AbstrACT WE CONSIDER THE NETWORK OF 5 416 537 ARTICLES OF English Wikipedia EXTRACTED IN 2017. 10 Using THE RECENT REDUCED Google MATRIX (REGOMAX) METHOD WE CONSTRUCT THE REDUCED NETWORK OF 11 230 ARTICLES (nodes) OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND 195 ARTICLES OF WORLD countries. This METHOD 12 GENERATES THE REDUCED DIRECTED NETWORK BETWEEN ALL 425 NODES TAKING INTO ACCOUNT ALL DIRECT AND 13 INDIRECT LINKS WITH PATHWAYS VIA THE HUGE GLOBAL network. PageRank AND CheiRank ALGORITHMS ARE 14 USED TO DETERMINE THE MOST INflUENTIAL DISEASES WITH THE TOP PageRank DISEASES BEING TUBERculosis, 15 HIV/AIDS AND Malaria. FrOM THE REDUCED Google MATRIX WE DETERMINE THE SENSITIVITY OF WORLD 16 COUNTRIES TO SPECIfiC DISEASES INTEGRATING THEIR INflUENCE OVER ALL THEIR HISTORY INCLUDING THE TIMES OF 17 ANCIENT Egyptian mummies.
    [Show full text]