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Clarksdale HOPE VI Community Supportive Services Program Evaluation Report Clarksdale HOPE VI Community Supportive Services Ramona Stone, PhD University of Kentucky [email protected] With the assistance of: Alicia Dailey, MSW Anita Barbee, MSW, PhD Dana Patrick, MSW Clarksdale HOPE VI Community Supportive Services Program Evaluation Final Report on: How Do Former Clarksdale Residents Fare After Relocation? Ramona Stone, PhD Associate Professor Department of Health Behavior College of Public Health University of Kentucky With the Assistance of: Alicia Dailey, MSSW Kent School of Social Work PhD Student University of Louisville Anita Barbee, MSSW, PhD Kent School of Social Work University of Louisville Dana Patrick, MSSW, PhD Candidate Martin School of Public Administration University of Kentucky Revised September 2011 AUTHORS ROLES AND CONTRIBUTIONS: Ramona Stone, PhD Co-PI January 2005 – June 2008; PI July 2008 – December 2010 Dr. Stone is the primary contact for this survey study. She was recruited as a Co-PI at baseline (2005- June 2008) to oversee the survey data collection. She developed the protocol for the survey research study and secured the Institutional Review Board of the Human Subjects Committee at the University of Louisville. In her role as a PI (2008-2010) she developed the follow-up proposal as a continuation of the quantitative study conducted at baseline augmented with a small number of in-depth interviews and a focus group with the case managers. She extracted the stratified random sample from the sampling frame provided by the PI and LMHA, oversaw the survey data collection at both points in time, conducted the data management and the quantitative analyses, and was the main writer of the reports. Anita Barbee, MSSW, PhD PI January 2005 – June 2008; Co-PI July 2008 – December 2010 Dr. Barbee was part of the team that wrote the application for the HUD, and wrote the original proposal for the evaluation of the case management provided through the Community Supportive Services program. She has developed the pre-post design, the first draft of the baseline questionnaire, managed the budget and the personnel during the baseline data collection and data reporting. She provided feedback and consultation on the baseline data analyses and on the baseline report. During follow-up she conducted the focus group with the case managers and two in-depth interviews. Alicia Daily, MSSW Student (Fall semester 2009), temporary personnel (Spring 2009) Ms. Daily was instrumental in revising the follow-up instrument and ensuring the cultural appropriateness of the language and of the questions. Furthermore, she was a tremendous force during the data collection; thanks to her dedication and determination we were able to reach a high response rate at follow-up. Dana Patrick, MSSW Temporary personnel (Summer 2007) Ms. Patrick was student in the Advanced Research Practice course taught by Dr. Stone at Kent/UofL. She was recruited to assist with the literature review and the program description for the baseline report, sections that were carried over into the follow-up report. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Marcus Nation, MSSW Student (Spring semester 2006), temporary personnel (Summer 2006) Mr. Nation participated in data collection during baseline. Sandra Woolen, MSSW Student (Fall semester 2009), temporary personnel (Spring 2009) Ms. Woolen participated in data collection, assisted the PI with setting up interviews, and entered the contact information data in an electronic database. Data has been entered by two students, Tatiana Skorka at baseline and Le Kiesha Davis at follow-up. Dr. Stone also entered the data for control, at both points in time. TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary 5 I. Introduction 12 Quality of Life in Clarksdale Public Housing Before HOPE VI 13 Clarksdale HOPE VI 14 Clarksdale Neighborhood Characteristics 14 Clarksdale Population Characteristics 15 Study Purpose 17 II. Clarksdale HOPE VI Community and Supportive Services 19 IV. Methodology 24 Data and Methods 24 Research Design 25 Research Evaluation Questions 25 Data Sources 26 Sampling Procedures 27 Data Collection 29 Data Items 29 Confidentiality Procedures 30 Data Analyses 30 V. Results 31 Demographics 31 Education and Job Readiness Training 34 Employment and Income 35 Barriers to Employment 38 Earnings 41 Social In-Kind Supports 41 Housing Relocation 42 Housing Satisfaction 45 Neighborhood Safety 49 Neighborhood Social Capital 54 Contextual vs. Compositional 56 Social Support 60 Health 61 Utilization of Health Services 65 Children 67 Demographics 67 School Attendance 67 School Behavior 69 Health 70 Elderly 71 Case management 73 Awareness of Health and Social Services 74 Case Management Participation 75 Referrals for Services 77 VI. Discussion 80 VII. References 84 VIII. Appendix 86 Appendix 1: Baseline Questionnaire Appendix 2: Follow-up Questionnaire Appendix 3: Administrative Data Collection Tool Appendix 4: Resident Interview Guide 4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY HOPE VI was designed to revitalize the outcomes, perception of safety in the new nation’s most severely distressed public neighborhoods, and perception of the housing by demolishing current helpfulness of the services provided to the developments, developing mixed income families. communities, de-concentrating poverty, helping increase family self sufficiency and Quality of Life in Clarksdale resident management of properties (Abt Until 2005, Louisville’s residents knew the Associates, Inc., 1999). The HOPE VI Clarksdale area as a public housing project Initiative aims to reshape neighborhood in with high poverty, where drug dealing, terms of resident characteristics, business prostitution, and other criminal behavior activity and levels of community were a harsh reality. The urban area where collaboration. these apartments were located was the least Through the federal HOPE VI program, likely to attract commercial and real estate Louisville Metro Housing Authority investments and thus to generate jobs, (LMHA) is replacing the distressed housing inevitably becoming an economic burden for of Clarksdale area, located in downtown the community. Thus, the purpose of the Louisville, Kentucky, by creating a mixed‐ Housing Opportunities for People income neighborhood on its existing Everywhere (HOPE) VI federal program is footprint and by developing public housing to assist the local government to redevelop units scattered throughout the city. areas- such as Clarksdale - to reduce the poverty rates and improve the quality of life Study Purpose for the local community. This research evaluation study aims to determine if the social welfare of the Neighborhood Characteristics residents improved during the period Clarksdale area, now known as Liberty between the time of relocation and follow- Green, is located in downtown Louisville, up; to measure residents’ level of Kentucky, within US Census Tract 59 satisfaction with the process of relocation (CT59). The Clarksdale community was an and its impact on the former residents of enclave within CT59, where 695 families, Clarksdale; and, to assess the utility of the with more than 50% of their family supportive services on family self- members being children, were living in sufficiency and of their correlates. poverty, being exposed to habitual crime, The main goal of the Clarksdale HOPE while only a few miles away other VI panel study is to identify the changes that Louisville families enjoyed much better occurred in the residents’ social and quality of life. economic characteristics after the urban revitalization program and as a result of Population Profile their utilization of community support and Clarksdale households included 1,767 family self-sufficiency services, made individual residents, of which 874 were available through this program. The focus is adults and 893 were children below age 18. on the indicators of self-sufficiency and There were 1,157 females (65.5%) and 610 wellbeing, such as residents’ socioeconomic males (34.5%). Of the 1,767 residents, 276 characteristics, satisfaction with the (15.6%) were 5-year olds or younger relocation process and the relocation children, 617 (34.9%) were 6-year and 18- 5 year olds; 806 (45.6%) were adults ages 19 Caucasian (2.3%) and 10 were of other race to 64, and 68 (3.8%) were ages 65 or older. (0.6%). Majority of residents were African- American (1,716 or 97.1%); 41 were Source: www.brokensidewalk.com Community and Supportive Services intensive, individually focused case As part of the redevelopment efforts, management system. former Clarksdale residents have the Case management is available to any and opportunity to participate in the Community all residents who express interest. A case and Supportive Services (CSS) case manager serves approximately 40 families management program. Through the CSS with direct services including goal setting, residents are offered a comprehensive array planning, motivation, job retention and of educational and job training services, and advocacy, while referring them for other are referred for a variety of other services, various services –depending on the client including health and dental care, across the needs and wants - available through the CSS community. network. The CSS services, and the referrals for The available CSS activities reflect the additional services, are intended to prepare needs and goals of residents as expressed in individuals for success in the workplace and the resident surveys, resident meetings, and move them along an incremental path to focus groups conducted before the project economic self-sufficiency,
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