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Beiträge Zur Bayerischen Entomofaunistik 15:29–32, Bamberg (2015), ISSN 1430-015X

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Beiträge Zur Bayerischen Entomofaunistik 15:29–32, Bamberg (2015), ISSN 1430-015X Dieses PDF wird von der Arbeitsgemeinschaft bayerischer Entomologen e.V.für den privaten bzw. wissenschaftlichen Gebrauch zur Verfügung gestellt. Die kommerzielle Nutzung oder die Bereitstellung in einer öffentlichen Bibliothek oder auf einer website ist nicht gestattet. Beiträge zur bayerischen Entomofaunistik 15:29–32, Bamberg (2015), ISSN 1430-015X Erste gesicherte Nachweise von Eudonia delunella (STAINTON, 1849) in Bayern (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Crambidae) von Thomas Guggemoos & Werner Wolf Zusammenfassung: Das bisher nur auf einer unsicheren und nicht mehr nachprüfbaren Meldung beruhende Vorkommen von Eudonia delunella (Stainton, 1849) in Bayern wird durch mehrere aktuelle Funde bestätigt. Summary: Recent findings of Eudonia delunella (Stainton, 1849) confirm the presence of this species in Bavaria, which was formerly doubtful due to an old uncheckable record. Einleitung Bislang lagen von Eudonia delunella (Stainton, 1849) in Bayern keine gesicherten Nachweise vor. Ost- helder (1939) erwähnt in einer Fussnote auf Seite 33 unter dem Synonym Eudonia resinea Haworth, 1828 „…nach Arnold im VIII. b. München. Ich trage vorerst Bedenken, die Art aufzunehmen.“ Weitere An- gaben zu dieser Art aus Bayern fehlen. Die Microlepidoptera-Sammlung Arnolds wurde im zweiten Welt- krieg zerstört (Osthelder, 1951: 117; Sachtleben, 1961), sodass diese Angabe nicht mehr überprüft werden kann. Pröse & Segerer (1999) führen die Art in ihrer Checkliste der Kleinschmetterlinge Bayerns noch auf, verweisen aber darauf, dass die Angabe unüberprüfbar ist. Hacker & Müller (2006) streichen die Art dann aus ihrer Bayernliste. Lebensweise Die Raupen der Art sollen an Flechten und Moosen an Esche, Apfelbaum und Ulme leben (Emmet, 1988). In Portugal wurde die Raupe mit dem Moos Leucodon sciuroides gezüchtet (Corley et al., 2000: 283). In der Schweiz wurde die Raupe auf einem Rindenstück mit eben diesem Moos, einem Scheinfransenmoos (Pseudocrossidium spec.) sowie einer Blattflechte (Punctelia spec.) gefunden (Muus, 2012). Leucodon sciuroides reagiert gegenüber Luftverschmutzung sehr empfindlich. Das Moos wächst an Kalkfelsen und Mauern oder epiphytisch an meist freistehenden Bäumen mit reicher Borke (z. B. Acer spec. und Fraxinus excelsior). In Baden-Württemberg liegt der Schwerpunkt epiphytischer Vorkommen in den regenreichen und luftfeuchten Gebieten (Nebel & Philippi, 2001). Aktuelle Verbreitung in Deutschland und Österreich Gaedike & Heinicke (1999) geben Eudonia delunella mit alten Funden vor 1980 für die Bundesländer Schleswig-Holstein, Niedersachsen, Bayern (siehe aber oben) und Sachsen-Anhalt an. Die aktuelle Kenn- zeichnung für Nordrhein-Westfalen beruht auf einem Druckfehler, die Art wurde dort zum letzten Mal 1930 gefunden (Gaedike et al., 2003), historische Nachweise werden auch aus Rheinland-Pfalz und Hessen gemeldet (l. c.). Seit Veröffentlichung dieses Verzeichnisses gelangen in einigen Bundesländern Neu- bzw. Wiederfunde. Insbesondere aus Baden-Württemberg liegen mittlerweile zahlreiche Nachweise vor. So wur- den 2002, 2003 und 2007 Falter im südlichen Schwarzwald festgestellt, 2008 folgte ein Fund bei Freiburg und 2011 ein Fund bei Karlsruhe. Auf der Schwäbischen Alb bei Blumberg wurde am 3.vii.2012 ein Falter am Licht gefangen. Insbesondere im Alpenvorland scheint die Art weiter verbreitet zu sein. So liegen hier aus acht TK25-Quadranten Nachweise aus den Jahren 2010–2014 vor (R. Schick und R. Mörtter auf Beiträge zur bayerischen Entomofaunistik 15 (2015) 29 1 23 Abb. 1–3: Eudonia delunella (Stainton, 1849), Erstnachweise aus Bayern. Abb. 1: Murnauer Moos, Lkr. Garmisch- Partenkirchen, LF, 5.viii.2011, ,leg.T.Guggemoos. Abb. 2: Westerholz, Lkr. Landsberg a. Lech, LF, 22.vii.2013, , leg. W. Wolf. Abb. 3: Uncus/Gnathos-Partie des unter 1. abgebildeten , charakteristisch ist der gerundete, nicht ein- gekerbte Uncus und der verschmälernd in eine Spitze auslaufende Gnathos. (Fotos und GP: W. Wolf) http://www.schmetterlinge-bw.de). Diese Funde harmonieren gut mit den Ansprüchen des Mooses Leuco- don sciuroides und liegen überwiegend in den regenreichen und luftfeuchten Gebieten. Die zahlreichen Nachweise in Baden-Württemberg sind wohl auch durch die derzeit dort laufende Kartierung von Pyraliden durch die Entomologische Arbeitsgemeinschaft des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins Karlsruhe bedingt. Im Saarland gelangen Nachweise 1999 (Werno, 2011) und 2011, in Rheinland-Pfalz 2013. Somit ist die Art aktuell aus vier Bundesländern nachgewiesen. Aus Österreich lagen bislang nur Funde aus Vorarlberg vor. 2011 gelang dann der Erstfund für Nordtirol am Blasiusberg bei Völs (Huemer et. al., 2011) (die Nichtberücksichtigung in Huemer (2013) beruht auf einem Versehen (Huemer in litt.)). In der Schweiz liegen mit Ausnahme der Nordalpen aus allen Faunenregionen Nachweise vor (Swiss- LepTeam, 2010). Nachweise in Bayern Der erste Nachweis für Bayern gelang am 5. August 2011 (Abb. 1). Es erschien ein stark abgeflogenes Männchen im Murnauer Moos im Landkreis Garmisch-Partenkirchen am Licht. Der Leuchtturm stand am Rand eines kleinen Mischwaldes am Rand von Streuwiesen. Am 22. Juli 2013 erschien dann im Westerholz nördlich von Landsberg am Lech ein Weibchen (Abb. 2) am Licht. Nur wenige Tage später, am 26. Juli 2013 fand sich ein Falter in einer Leuchtfalle in einem Hausgarten in Ohlstadt, Landkreis Garmisch-Parten- kirchen. Um die Bestimmung abzusichern wurden beide garmischer Tiere genitalisiert (Abb. 3). Hier er- schien auch am 1. Juli 2014 wieder ein Exemplar und im Juli 2015 an zwei Tagen je 1 Exemplar. Im Ortsbe- reich von Ohlstadt stehen mehrere große Bergahorn-Exemplare und auch einige alte Obstbäume. An diesen finden sich auch epiphytische Moose, sodass hier vermutlich das Entwicklungshabitat zu suchen ist. Am 22. Juni 2014 fanden sich dann drei ganz frische Falter im Norden von Murnau (ebenfalls Landkreis Gar- misch-Partenkirchen) am Licht. Das Habitat bestand hier aus einer Allee großer Roteichen mit reichlich Unterwuchs (Abb. 4). Auch 2015 konnten hier wieder mehrere Exemplare am 12. Juli festgestellt werden. 30 Beiträge zur bayerischen Entomofaunistik 15 (2015) 4 5 Abb. 4, 5: Fundorte von Eudonia delunella (Stainton, 1849) in Bayern. Abb. 4: Roteichen-Allee im Norden von Mur- nau, Lkr. Garmisch-Partenkirchen (Foto: T. Guggemoos). Abb. 5: Abbruchkante zum Lech im SW des Westerholzes, Lkr. Landsberg a. Lech (Foto W. Wolf). Der Fundort im Westerholz ist ein lichter Mischwald direkt an der über 30 m hohen Abbruchkante zum Lech und zeichnet sich durch eine hohe Luftfeuchtigkeit aus. Moose bewachsen hier z. B. Buchen, Berg- ahorne und Eschen. Im Winter 2013/14 wurde dieser Bereich stark ausgelichtet, weswegen die Abb. 5 vom April 2014 nicht mehr ganz den vorjährigen Zustand wiedergeben kann. 2015 gelangen Nachweise von drei weiteren Orten. Am 2. Juli 2015 fand sich ein Falter in einer Leucht- falle am Fuß der nordseitigen Felswand des Herzogstands (Landkreis Bad Tölz-Wolfratshausen). Ob der Falter sich hier in gut 1200 m entwickelt hat, was aufgrund mehrerer mit Moosen bewachsenen Bergahorne durchaus möglich erscheint, oder aus tieferen Lagen zugeflogen ist, muss offen bleiben. Am 5. Juli 2015 flog ein Falter an den Leuchtturm im Obernacher Moos westlich des Staffelsees (Landkreis Garmisch-Par- tenkirchen). Hinzu kommen noch zwei Exemplare am Leuchtturm am 13. Juli 2015 am Rand einer Hute- weide mit alten Stieleichen und Rotbuchen im nördlichen Landkreis Weilheim-Schongau zwischen Pähl und Andechs. Somit liegen jetzt Nachweise aus vier Landkreisen vor. Die Beobachtungen gelangen im Zeitraum vom 22. Juni bis zum 5. August. Die Höhenverteilung reicht von knapp 600 m bis auf über 1200 m. Literatur Corley, M. F. V., Gardiner, A. J., Cleere, N. & P. D. Wallis (2000): Further additions to the Lepi- doptera of Algarve, Portugal (Insecta: Lepidoptera). – SHILAP: Revista de Lepidopterologia 28: 245–319. Emmet, A. M. (ed.) (1988): A Field Guide to the smaller British Lepidoptera. – British Entomological & Natural History Society, London. Beiträge zur bayerischen Entomofaunistik 15 (2015) 31 Gaedike, R., Graf, F., Kaiser, C., Landeck, I., Leutsch, H., Nuss, M., Stübner, A. & S. Wauer (2003): Aktuelle Daten zur Kleinschmetterlingsfauna von Sachsen mit Hinweisen zu anderen Bun- desländern (Lep.) IV. – Entomologische Nachrichten und Berichte 47 (2): 77–80. Gaedike, R. & W. Heinicke (Hrsg.) (1999): Verzeichnis der Schmetterlinge Deutschlands (Entomofauna Germanica 3). – Entomologische Nachrichten und Berichte, Beiheft 5: 1–216. Goater, B., Nuss, M. & W. Speidel (2005): Microlepidoptera of Europe. Volume 4. Pyraloidea I (Cramb- idae: Acentropinae, Evergestinae, Heliothelinae, Schoenobiinae, Scopariinae). – Apollo Books, Stenstrup. Hacker, H. & J. Müller (2006): Die Schmetterlinge der bayerischen Naturwaldreservate. – Beiträge zur bayerischen Entomofaunistik, Supplementband 1. Bamberg. Huemer, P. (2013): Die Schmetterlinge Österreichs (Lepidoptera). Systematische und faunistische Chec- kliste. – Studiohefte 12. Huemer, P., Kühtreiber, H. & G. Tarmann (2011): Anlockwirkung moderner Leuchtmittel auf nacht- aktive Insekten. Feldstudie 2011. – Tiroler Landesumweltanwaltschaft & Tiroler Landesmuseen Betriebsgesellschaft m.b.H., 32 S. Muus, T. (2012): De herkenning en biologie van de granietmotten, Scopariinae (Crambidae) in Nederland, met een herontdekking. – Franje 15 (29): 41–52. Nebel, M. & G. Philippi (Hrsg.) (2001): Die Moose Baden-Württembergs. Band 2: Spezieller Teil (Bry- ophytina II, Schistostegales bis Hypnobryales). – Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart. Osthelder, L.
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