Small Indigenous Freshwater Fish Species: Their Role in Poverty Alleviation, Food Security and Conservation of Biodiversity
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Small Indigenous Freshwater Fish Species: Their Role in Poverty Alleviation, Food Security and Conservation of Biodiversity Workshop 23-25 February 2010 Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, West Bengal Organized by International Collective in Support of Fishworkers (ICSF) in collaboration with Inland Fisheries Society of India (IFSI) Report International Collective in Support of Fishworkers (ICSF) www.icsf.net Workshop on “Small Indigenous Freshwater Fish Species: Their Role in Poverty Alleviation, Food Security and Conservation of Biodiversity” Report 23-25 February 2010 Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore Kolkata, West Bengal Organized by International Collective in Support of Fishworkers (ICSF) in collaboration with Inland Fisheries Society of India (IFSI) International Collective in Support of Fishworkers (ICSF) 27 College Road, Chennai 600 006, India www.icsf.net Report Workshop on “Small Indigenous Freshwater Fish Species: Their Role in Poverty Alleviation, Food Security and Conservation of Biodiversity” 23–25 February 2010 Workshop Report March 2010 Published by Chandrika Sharma for International Collective in Support of Fishworkers (ICSF) Trust 27 College Road, Chennai 600 006, India Email: [email protected] Web: http://www.icsf.net Edited by KG Kumar Designed by P. Sivasakthivel Cover photo by Vishwanath Waikhom, University of Manipur Printed at L.S. Graphic Print 25 Swamy Naicken Street Chindhadripet, Chennai 600 002 Copyright © ICSF 2010 ISBN 978-93-80802-01-5 While ICSF reserves all rights for this publication, any portion of it may be freely copied and distributed, provided appropriate credit is given. Any commercial use of this material is prohibited without prior permission. ICSF would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this publication as a source. The opinions and positions expressed in this publication are those of the authors concerned and do not necessarily represent the offi cial views of ICSF. SIFFS Workshop Report Contents List of Abbreviations .............................................................. 5 Preface ................................................................................... 7 Prospectus ............................................................................. 9 Declaration ............................................................................ 13 Report of the Workshop ........................................................ 15 Inaugural Session .......................................................... 15 Technical Session I: Small Indigenous Freshwater Fish Species and Their Role in Ensuring Nutrition to the Local Community ................................................. 19 Technical Session II: Conservation of Biodiversity and Small Indigenous Freshwater Fish Species............... 23 Technical Session III: Role of Small Indigenous Freshwater Fish Species in Ensuring Livelihoods ............ 27 Technical Session IV: Significance of Small Indigenous Freshwater Fish Species with respect to Capture Fisheries in Eastern and Northeastern States of India ..... 31 Technical Session V: Significance of Small Indigenous Freshwater Fish Species with respect to Culture Fisheries in Eastern and Northeastern States of India ..... 35 Technical Session VI: Policy and Social Dimension of Small Indigenous Freshwater Fish Species in Fisheries and Aquaculture ...................... 39 Technical Session VII: Community Knowledge and Intellectual Property Rights with Reference to Small Indigenous Freshwater Fish Species ................. 43 Group Discussion ........................................................... 45 The Way Forward: Integrating Small Indigenous Freshwater Fish Species into Fisheries and Aquaculture Development Policies and Programmes ...... 47 Closing Ceremony ......................................................... 49 23 February 2010—Field Trip ........................................ 51 Appendix 1: Programme ........................................................ 53 Appendix 2: List of Participants .............................................. 57 Appendix 3: Abstracts of papers ............................................. 63 Appendix 4: Sommaire ........................................................... 73 Appendix 5: Resumen Ejecutivo ............................................. 79 SIFFS Workshop Report VISHWANATH WAIKHOM/UNIVERSITY OF MANIPUR A dry fi sh market in the State of Manipur, with a variety of small indigenous freshwater fi sh species 4 SIFFS Workshop Report List of Abbreviations ADG Assistant Director General IPR intellectual property rights AIMS Aquaculture of Indigenous MDGs millennium development goals Mekong Species mn million ASRB Agricultural Scientists’ Recruitment Board MoA Ministry of Agriculture CFC composite fi sh culture MoEF Ministry of Environment and Forests CIFA Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture MP Madhya Pradesh CIFRI Central Inland Fisheries mt metric tones Research Institute NATP National Agricultural Technol- DoF Department of Fisheries ogy Project FARD Fisheries and Animal Resources NBFGR National Bureau of Fish Genetic Development Department, Resources Government of Orissa NFDB National Fisheries Development FAO Food and Agriculture Board Organization of the United Nations NGO non governmental organization GDP gross domestic product NREGS National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme HUFAs highly unsaturated fatty acids PUFAs polyunsaturated fatty acids ICAR Indian Council of Agricultural Research RKVY Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana ICSF International Collective in SIFFS small indigenous freshwater Support of Fishworkers fi sh species IFSI Inland Fisheries Society of India WFP World Food Programme IMCs Indian Major Carps SIFFS Workshop 5 Report CM MURALIDHARAN Harvesting of mola from a freshwater fi sh pond in Sundarbans, West Bengal 6 SIFFS Workshop Report Preface n many parts of the south and Food Security and Conservation of Southeast Asia, including India, a Biodiversity”, during 23-25 February Ilarge diversity of small indigenous 2010 at the Central Inland Fisheries fish species are found in freshwater Research Institute (CIFRI), Kolkata, systems. These small indigenous West Bengal. freshwater fish species (SIFFS) form a The workshop was organized as a major component of food consumed forum for people working in freshwater by families, especially those living fisheries and aquaculture to exchange closer to freshwater resources. Among views on the role of SIFFS in enhancing traditional communities indigenous rural food and livelihood security knowledge about the health benefits of and in conserving biodiversity. It was such species exists, for example, mola also to discuss the socioeconomic and (Amblypharyngodon mola), commonly cultural context for culture and capture found in eastern and northeast India, of SIFFS with a view to enhancing is often included in the diet of pregnant access, especially of women, to better and lactating mothers, for its nutritive income, livelihood and nutritional value. Such knowledge is, however, security, and to propose policy spaces poorly documented. The role of SIFFS for sustainable management of SIFFS. in providing micronutrients is critical The workshop was made possible to take note of in a context where due to the financial and other micronutrient deficiency is a big, if support extended by the Ministry hidden, problem. One of the noted of Agriculture (MoA); the National advantages of SIFFS is that people, even Fisheries Development Board (NFDB); the poor, can buy them in quantities the Ministry of Environment and they can afford. Forests (MoEF); the Government of SIFFS found in the vast inland water West Bengal; the Indian Council of resources, provide not only nutrition Agricultural Research (ICAR); the but also livelihood opportunities and Inland Fisheries Society of India (IFSI); income to a large number of fishers. the Central Inland Fisheries Research Studies in India have shown that the Institute (CIFRI); and the Government profit accruing to fishers is actually of Orissa. higher in the case of SIFFS when It is hoped that the workshop compared to those from large cultured statement and report will be useful species. in providing fresh focus on SIFFS— However, such species have till now considered as trash/ weed received insufficient attention in fish—by scientists, researchers and statistics, inland water fisheries policies policy makers. It is also hoped that the and programmes in India, both at the proceedings will contribute towards national and State levels. To address this developing policy and legislative anomaly, the International Collective in measures to ensure the conservation Support of Fishworkers (ICSF) Trust, in and promotion of SIFFS, both in capture- collaboration with the Inland Fisheries and culture-fisheries-systems, as well Society of India (IFSI), organized as access of disadvantaged groups, a national workshop titled “Small particularly women, to such species, for Indigenous Species of Freshwater purposes of nutrition, livelihoods, and Fish: Their Role in Poverty Alleviation, conservation of biodiversity. SIFFS Workshop 7 Report VISHWANATH WAIKHOM/UNIVERSITY OF MANIPUR A scene from a market in Manipur State. Small indigenous freshwater fi sh species share space with other types of fi sh 8 SIFFS Workshop Report Prospectus ish are often an important determines who can access and benefit ingredient in the diet of people from fisheries resources from capture or Fwho live in the proximity