Combined Resettlement Plan and Indigenous Peoples Plan

August 2012

NEP: SASEC Road Connectivity Project

Manthali–Ramechhap Road

Prepared by Department of Roads for the Asian Development Bank.

CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 24 September 2012) Currency unit – Nepalese rupee (NR) NR1.00 = $0.0116789685 $1.00 = NR85.624000

ABBREVIATIONS ADB – Asian Development Bank BMN – basic minimum need BPL – below poverty line CDC – Compensation Determination Committee CDO – Chief District Officer CoI – corridor of impact CSC – construction supervision consultant DAG – disadvantaged groups DAO – District Agriculture Office DDC – District Development Committee DFID – Department of International Development DFO – District Forest Office DLA – District Level Agencies DLRO – District Land Revenue Office DLSO – District Land Survey Office DP – displaced person EA – executing agency EM – entitlement matrix FGD – focus group discussion GDI – gender development index GESU – Geo-Environment and Social Unit GoN – Government of GRC – Grievance Redress Committee HDI – Human Development Index HH – household HPI – Human Poverty Index IEE – initial environmental examination LAO – land acquisition officer MHH – mid-hill highway MoPPWTM – Ministry of Physical Planning, Works & Transport Management MR – Manthali–Ramechhap Road NFIN – National Foundation of Indigenous Nationalities OM – operational manual PD – Project Director PIU – Project Implementation Unit PM – Project Manager PPTA – project preparation and technical assistance PSA – poverty and social analysis R&R – resettlement and rehabilitation RAP – resettlement action plan RCP – Road Connectivity Project RIP – Road Improvement Project RoW – right of way RP – resettlement plan SLC – Subproject Level Committee SPS – Safeguard Policy Statement, 2009 SRCP – SASEC Road Connectivity Project SRO – Social and Resettlement Officer

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STEP – Subregional Transport Enhancement Project TOR – terms of reference TPPF – Transport Project Preparatory Facility VDC – Village Development Committee

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES ha – hectare kg – kilogram km – kilometer m meter sq. m. square meter

GLOSSARY Acquisition – Acquisition of land and other assets for the purpose of development projects in accordance to prevailing Act (Land Acquisition Act 1977). Affected – Households at large within the project influence area households Ailani Land – The land that does not to belong to any individual. As per the prevailing legal provisions, all the Ailani land belong to Government of Nepal and no one can transact and use such land without permission of the Government. Government of Nepal can reclaim Ailani land anytime for any purpose. As per the prevailing legal system, there is no provision of compensation for the occupiers/encroachers of the Government land. However, in development projects there is practice of compensating for the crops grown and structures constructed in Ailani if the dwellers and cultivators belong to vulnerable groups. Bigha – Land measurement practiced in the southern plain area of the country, known as Terai. One Bigha is equivalent to about 6772.63 sq.m. There are other two sub-units under Bigha; Katha, and Dhur. One Kattha is about 336.63 sq.m. and one Dhur is about 16.93 sq.m. Twenty Dhur makes one Kattha, and twenty Kattha makes one Bigha. Business – Structure constructed for business purpose Structure Cadastral Map – Land record system in Nepal is based on cadastral mapping. It does not align with the topographical maps. Up-to 2028 VS (Nepali national date, which is approximately 57 years ahead than AD) cadastral maps used to be based on free sheet prepared based on manual field survey without reference of national grid. However, grid system in cadastral mapping has been started since 2028 VS. Based on information obtained from Topographical Survey Office, Ministry of land Reform and Management, till now 34 out of 75 districts have cadastral maps based on national grid and 38 districts still adopts free sheet1. However, even in such 38 districts, national grid based

1 : Jhapa, Illam, Panchthar; Koshi Zone: Morang, and Sunsari; : Sarlahi, Mahottari, Dhanusha, Ramechhap, and Sindhuli; : Rautahat, Bara, Parsa, Chitwan; : Kathmandu, Lalitpur, Bhaktapur, Dhading, : Tanahu; Dhaulagiri Zone: ii

cadastral maps have been developed for municipality and district headquarter area, mostly in the Terai districts. Chief District – The Chief Administrative Authority of the district. In Nepal, Officer (CDO) CDOs are assigned in all (75) districts. Among others, the responsibilities of the CDO also include managing and maintaining district administration, law and order situation, and implementing Land Acquisition and Resettlement Plan for Government and development projects to be implemented in the district. Compensation – A formal representative body to be formed under the chair of Determination CDO as provisioned in Land Acquisition Act 1977. One of the Committee (CDC) tasks of CDC is also to determine compensation rate for the land and other assets to be acquired for development projects in the district. The other members to be involved in CDC includes representative from District Development Committee (DDC), District Land Revenue Office (DLRO) or District land Survey Office (DLSO), representative of the project, and representatives from District Level Agencies (DLA). There is also practice of involving two representative from project- affected families as observers. Corridor of Impact Minimum width of land required for the construction of roads (COI) with the provision of shoulder width, side drain plus safety zone on either side of the road. COI is generally within the RoW. Cut-off date – The Completion date of census survey to count the DPs and their affected business and assets. Ethnic – The Commonly known as untouchable in traditional Nepalese Occupational society. They belong to occupational and artisan group. Dalit Caste Groups Commission has defined dalit as, “the community discriminated (Dalit) on the basis of caste and marginalized in terms of social, economic, educational, political and religious basis.”

Dalits are further divided into different groups in accordance to socially prescribed occupations. For example, communities traditionally engaged in tailoring, or playing musical instruments, making shoes or communities involved in washing clothes, are given different family names in accordance to the type of traditional occupation they are involved with and they have their own social norms and taboos even within the dalits of different occupation. Disadvantaged – Women, dalit, indigenous/ethnic people, Madhesi, other deprived Groups (DAG) people including poor farmer, labour and vulnerable groups (such as physically and mentally disabled persons, women, aged persons, landless labour, below poverty level households etc) are considered as Socially and Economically Disadvantaged Groups (DAG). The Interim Constitution of Nepal-2006 opens safeguarding and protecting provisions to such groups. Displaced – In the context of involuntary resettlement, displaced persons persons are those who are physically displaced (relocation, loss of residential land, or loss of shelter) and/ or economically displaced (loss of land, assets, access to assets, income

Myagdi, Mustang; : Nawalparasi, Kapulbastu; : Dang; : Banke, Bardiya, Surkhet; : Jumla, Dolpa, Mugu, Humla; : Kailali;and : Kanchanpur and Dadeldhura

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sources, or means of livelihoods) as a result of(i) involuntary acquisition of land, or ii) involuntary restrictions on land use or on access to legally designated parks and protected areas. District – The district level administrative body existing in all (75) districts Development of the country to be represented by elected district level Committee (DDC) political leaders. District Land – The Government body responsible for collecting land revenues, Revenue Office formalizing land transactions, updating and maintaining land (DLRO) ownership records, and determining Government rates for different types of land in the district based on the transaction rate used by public and transaction revenue paid to DLRO. District Land – The Government body responsible for measurement, survey, Survey Office record keeping, managing, and updating land record and (DLSO) parcels by area in cadastral maps of the respective district. District Level – District Level Agencies (DLA) are the Government offices Agencies (DLA) stationed at districts under different ministries of central level. District Land Revenue Office (DLRO), District Land Survey Office (DLSO), District Agriculture Office (DAO), District Forest Office (DFO) are some the district level agencies. One of the major tasks of DLA is to provide effective sectoral services in each administrative district in close coordination with regional or central level offices concerned. Indigenous – Nepal indigenous/nationalities/tribal Act 2001 defines People (Aadibasi Ethnic/Indigenous People as; “People having their own mother Janajati) tongue, distinct traditional values, and cultural identities, including social structure and written/non-written history are indigenous and nationalities population.” According to National Census 2001, in Nepal, there are 100 different social groups having over 92 languages representing 43 ethnic nationalities and covering 37.2% of the country's population. Further, the National Foundation of Indigenous Nationalities (NFIN) has declared 59 groups as ethnic nationalities. NFIN has classified these groups into five categories2 based on their population size and other Socioeconomic variables such as literacy, housing, land holdings, occupation, language, and area of residence.

A majority of ethnic/Indigenous people in Nepal is integrated into the mainstream and share common social, cultural, and economic value and opportunities. There is provision in the Interim Constitution of Nepal 2006 for the protection and development of disadvantaged Indigenous Peoples (IPs) or Adivasi/Janajati. Temporary – Temporary business stall made of bamboo/wood/CGI fixing in Business the ground that need to be demolished for shifting

2 (i) Endangered Groups: Bankariya, Kusunda, Khusbadia, Raute, Surel, Hayu, Raji, KIPSSan, Lepcha, Meche (10) groups, (ii) Highly marginalized Groups: Santhal, Jhangad, Chepang, Thami, Majhi, Bote, Dhanuk (Rajbansi), Lhomi (Singsawa), Thudamba, Siyar (Chumba), Barmu, Danwar (12 groups), (iii) Marginalized Groups: Sunwar, Tharu, Tamang, Bhujel, Kumal, Rajbansi (Koch), Gangai, Dhimal, Bhote, Darai, Tajpuriya, Pahari, Dhokpya (Topkegola), Dolpo, Free, Magal, Larke (Nupriba), Lhopa, Dura, Walung (20 groups), (iv) Disadvantaged Groups: Jirel, (Tangbetani), Hylmo, Limbu, Yakkha, Rai, , Magar, Chhairotan, Tingaunle, Bahregaunle, Byansi, Gurung, Marphali Sherpa (15 groups), (v) Newar, Thakali (2 Groups).

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Stall/Shed Movable Kiosk – Small business structures made of wood/CGI/bamboo/mud- wall or any material that can be moved or shifted from one place to another without demolishing Replacement – The open/fair market value of a project affected property to be Cost fixed by Compensation Determination Committee (CDC) in accordance to Land Acquisition Act 1977. Resettlement – Resettlement denotes the consequence that may occur due to acquisition of land and other assets as well as the entire process and activities related to acquisition and implementation of Resettlement Plan (RP) in accordance to prevailing Acts. Residential cum – Structure being used for both residential and business Commercial purposes. Structure Residential – Structure being used for residential purpose only. Structure Ropani – Ropani is the land measurement unit, officially practiced in hilly regions of the country. One Ropani of land is equivalent to approximately 508.74 sq. m. There are three sub-units under the measurement unit of "Ropani". They are; (a) Aana (31.80 sq.m.), (b) Paisa (7.49 sq.m.), and (c) Daam (1.99 sq.m.). Four Daam makes one Paisa; four Paisa makes one Aana; and 16 Aana makes one Ropani. Significantly – Person/households including vulnerable, encroachers/ Displaced/ squatters, having more than ten percent loss of their affected Person/ agricultural land, complete loss of residential structures, and Households business/ livelihood. Temporary – Land acquired temporarily by contractors for access road or acquisition storing the construction materials or for other construction related purposes through a negotiation or contractors with the land owners ensuring compensation for a specified (temporary) period Vikram Sambat – Vikram Sambat (V.S.) is followed as national year in Nepal, (V.S.) which is approximately 57 years ahead than A.D. Vulnerable – Displaced households having: (i) significant resettlement Households impact, (ii) disabled member, (iii) single women headed households, (iv) independent elderly persons above 60 years of age, (v) landless laborers, wage earners and people living below the poverty line. Ward – A cluster of settlements with certain number of households/population as determined by the Government. It is the lowest level administrative unit to be represented by elected local political leaders. As per the existing administrative system, each municipal local administrative area contains up-to 35 number of wards whereas it is only up-to 9 wards in the case of Village Development Committees (VDC).

NOTE In this report, "$" refers to US dollars.

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This combined indigenous peoples plan and resettlement plan is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section of this website.

In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Executive Summary

I. PROJECT DESCRIPTION ...... 1 A. General ...... 1 B. The Subproject ...... 3 C. Description of the Subproject Location ...... 3 D. Benefits and Impacts ...... 4 E. The Project Components ...... 5 F. Measure Taken to Minimize the Impacts ...... 5 G. Scope and Objective of Resettlement Plan ...... 5 H. Methods of Resettlement Impact Assessment ...... 6 II. SCOPE OF LAND ACQUISITION AND RESETTLEMENT ...... 8 A. Findings of Resettlement Census Survey ...... 8 B. Scope of Land Acquisition ...... 8 C. Information on Affected Land ...... 9 D. Loss of Income Generating Assets ...... 10 E. Loss of Structures ...... 11 F. Loss of Community Property Resources ...... 13 G. Resettlement Impact on Indigenous/Ethnic Peoples ...... 14 III. SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE AND INFORMATION ...... 16 A. Profile of the Subproject District ...... 16 B. Profile of the Subproject Location ...... 17 C. Profile of the Displaced Households...... 17 D. Socio-Economic Profile of Indigenous People’s Displaced Households ...... 23 E. Extent of Impact on the Structures of IP Households and Relocation Scope ...... 26 F. Community Perception and Key Issues Raised ...... 28 IV. INFORMATION DISCLOUSERE, CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION...... 30 A. Consultation and Review ...... 30 B. The Stakeholders ...... 31 C. Public Consultation and Disclosure ...... 31 D. Findings of the Public Consultation and Issues Discusses ...... 33 E. Key Issues Raised During Social Consultation ...... 34 F. Scope of Further Consultation...... 35 G. Disclosure of RP ...... 35 V. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM ...... 36 A. General ...... 36 B. Formation of Grievance Redress Committee ...... 36 C. Operational Mechanism ...... 37 VI. POLICY AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK ...... 39 A. The Context ...... 39 B. Land Acquisition Act ...... 40 C. ADB Resettlement Policy ...... 40 D. Gaps between ADB and GON Resettlement Policy and Bridging Measures ...... 41 E. Resettlement Principles and Assistance for the Proposed Project ...... 43 F. Cut-off Date ...... 43 VII. ENTITLEMENTS ASSISTANCE AND BENEFITS ...... 44 A. Entitlement Policy and Matrix ...... 44 B. Compensations Provisions ...... 44 D. Additional Assistance to Vulnerable Groups ...... 45 E. Livelihood Assistance and Skill Development Training ...... 45 F. Temporary Employment in the Project ...... 45 G. Compensation for the Loss of Residential/Commercial Structures ...... 45 H. Loss of Cultural & Community Structures/Land/Facilities ...... 45

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I. Unanticipated Adverse Impacts ...... 45 J. Relocation and Income Restoration ...... 46 VIII. RESETTLEMENT BUDGET AND FINANCING PLAN ...... 53 IX. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT ...... 63 A. The Setup ...... 63 B. The Executing Agency ...... 63 C. The Project Implementation Unit ...... 63 D. The Subproject Office ...... 63 E. Construction Supervision Consultant ...... 64 X. IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE AND ACTIVITIES ...... 68 A. Implementation Schedule ...... 68 B. Key RP Implementation Activities ...... 68 C. Finalization of Resettlement Cost ...... 70 D. Compensation Distribution and Deed Transfer ...... 70 E. Management of Unclaimed Compensation ...... 71 F. Time Frame for Compensation Distribution ...... 71 XI. MONITORING AND REPORTING ...... 72 A. Monitoring and Reporting Need ...... 72 B. Monitoring in the Subproject ...... 72 C. External Monitoring ...... 75 D. Reporting Requirements and Budget ...... 76 E. ToR for External Monitoring ...... 76

LIST OF ANNEXES

Annex- 1 : Inventory of Affected Private Land Annex- 2 : Inventory of Affected Private Trees Annex- 3 : Inventory of Affected Private Structures Annex- 4 : Minute of Public Consultation Annex- 5 : Cost Estimation of Affected Assets Annex- 6 : Compensation Cost for the loss of crops Annex- 7 : Cost Estimate for RP Implementation Annex- 8 : ToR For External Monitoring Agency Annex- 9 : Photographs Annex-10 : Sample of Cadastral Map with Road Alignment

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LAND CONVERSIONS AND TERMINOLOGY

Conversions Land in the project area is measured in ropani and smaller units such as ana, paisa and dam, while land in Terai District is usually measured in bigha and kattha. The various conversion rates used in this document are given below:

1 Ropani = 16 ana = 64 paisa = 0.05087 ha 1 Bigha = 13.3126 ropani = 20 kattha = 0.6773 ha 1 Hectare = 19.655 ropani = 1.47645 bigha Agricultural land in the project area is grouped into different types and classes. These, in turn, form the basis for the calculation of land taxes, with individual landholdings (area and class of land) recorded at District Land Revenue Offices. The main land types are khet, bari and kharbari. Khet is irrigated land (or land that can be easily irrigated), generally situated in valleys and mainly used for paddy rice and wheat production. Since it is mostly situated on hill slopes, Bari is not irrigated and mainly used for rainfed crop production. Kharbari is grassland used for harvesting of grasses for thatching, etc. Another category of rainfed land is Phako. Bari is generally classified as the land close to the house (residential food garden), while Phako is further away from the house. Both khet and bari/phako are subdivided into the following land classes: Abbal - class 1 land Doyam - class 2 land Sim - class 3 land Chahar - class 4 land

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

A. Project Description 1. The Project is funded by ADB and having two Parts A and B. The objective of Part A is to review the government’s Priority investment plan (2007 – 2016) for the development and management of strategic road network, discuss and identify with the department of Roads (DOR) about 900 Km of high priority road sections and carrying out combined feasibility study and detail engineering design, including minor structures and bridges which consist of: (i) Appropriate condition surveys (ii) Engineering design, specifications, bill of quantities cost estimates, and bidding documents for improvement works. (iii) Economic Analysis (iv) Social and Environmental assessment (v) Bidding Documents (vi) Procurement Assistance etc 2. Part-B involves capacity strengthening in PPP preparatory work and implementation with the objective of establishing an enabling environment. This includes: PPP sector diagnostic and sector map – reviewing legal, regulatory, and policy frameworks, assess institutional structures, conducting stakeholder consultation, and clarifying sector strategy and road map; identify and prepare at least one small scale pilot PPP project – assessing and selecting PPP options, defining procurement and bid evaluation process and preparing bid package. 3. Consulting Services for Part A which involves Preparation for Priority Roads Improvement Projects is having following Phases Detailed Survey and Design: about 300 Km  Feasibility Study and Detailed Survey & Design: about 200 Km  Feasibility Study: about 400 Km 4. Following seven priority roads given in Table E.1 have been identified for improvements under detailed design part of the project.

Table E.1. Description of Roads Included in TPPF

S. No. Road Length (Km) Road Classification 1 Ramapur- Lumbini- Kakrahwa ( RK) 34.56 Feeder Road

2 Manthali- Ramechhap (MR) 13.35 Feeder road

3 Halesi-Diktel (HD) 35.43 Mid Hill Highway

4 Leguwaghat- Bhojpur (LB) 65.54 Mid Hill Highway

Leguwaghat- Tumlintar (Savakhola) 5 24.60 Feeder Road (H11) (LT)

6 EWH-Koshi Bridge- EWH (EE) 59.421+2.246 Asian Highway

Mechipul- Chandragadhi- Birtamod 7 12.15 Feeder road (MB)

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B. The Subproject Area and Activities 5. The Subproject lies at Ramechhap district in Central Development Region (CDR) of the country, and Manthali is its headquarter. The proposed Subproject road is expected to enhance the socio-economic conditions of local people in the area, and to promote internal and external tourism by improving access to road services. The zero chainage of the road starts at Ranajor Pari (across the Ranajor river) near Manthali Village Development Committee (VDC) and passes through the Bhaisesur Basti, Macchedandi, Bitar, Babiyokharka, Koledanda, Sallaghari, Bangeri, and ends at Ramechhap Bazaar. 6. The design standard aims to improve the existing 13.35 km of road as a single lane bituminous road to connect the south-western part of Ramechhap district to Manthali at district headquarter. The design standard of the Subproject road aims to follow the available foot print of existing alignment. As per the detail design, on an average the average available formation width of the existing fair weather road is about 6 meter with some variance in different sections. 7. The Subproject requires uniform width because the existing road is ununiform throughout the road alignment and mostly traverses through mountainous topography and small settlements in some sections (Figure 2). Therefore, for improving the existing road to the standard of single lane feeder, the subproject need to acquire some additional land in different section of the alignment. 8. The major activities to be carried out under the Subproject also include minor widening, pavement improvement, roadside structure, slope protection and bioengineering works and black top. C. Project Benefits and Impacts

1. Benefits 9. Improvement of the proposed Subproject road would facilitate linkages for two VDCs along with five key settlements within road alignment and provide direct benefits to the people living throughout the Subproject road alignment. Construction of this road also expected to play an important role for uplifting the socio-economic conditions of local people due to improved accessibility and diversification of economic activities particularly along the road alignment route. 10. Some of the specific tangible benefits of the road improvement are mentioned below:  Easy access to transportation facilities by reducing travel time and cost;  Increase in the scope of economic and tourism related activities;  Increase in the scope of developing other infrastructure facilities;  Increase the value of land;  Economic diversification;  Employment opportunities to the local people during the construction phase

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2. Negative Impacts 11. As per the design standard, an estimated area of 6.29 ha land is required for the Subproject road. The cadastral survey has identified about 1.9 ha of Government land in different sections of the road. In this sense, the actual area of land to be acquired for the subproject is only about 4.39 ha after deducting the available Government land. Based on the findings of census survey, carried out in March 2012, acquisition of land for the Subproject road is likely to displace 192 affected households (Table E.2).

Table E.2. Summary of Affected Assets and Displaced Persons Description/Units Number /Percentage/Area Overall Summary Total Project Displaced Households (Number) 192 Total Project Affected Persons (Numbers) 822(of 164 hhs) Average Family Size of the Displaced Households 5 Summary of Affected Land Total Private Land Getting Affected (Ha) 4.39 Total Government (Aailani)Land Getting Affected (Ha) 1.9 Total 6.29 Summary of Affected Structures Residential Assets (Structures) 5 Commercial Only 3 Residential Cum Commercial - Rental - Total 8 Summary of the Displaced Households by other Categories IP Households Being Displaced (Number) 14 Other Vulnerable Group Households Being Displaced 65 (Number) Endangered Group 1 Number of Affected Tenants - Number of Affected Employees - Note: Of the total number of households having affect on their land only 164 (85.42 %) households were interviewed during the census, and the remaining 28 landowners (14.58%) were absentees

12. As shown in the table below due to acquisition of land for the Subproject, about 175 HHs (91.2%), likely to lose less than 10% of their total landholdings, 1 HH (0.5%), between 10-20%, 2 HHs (1 %) will have more than 20% of land out of their total ownership. None of the interviewed DP in this project likely loose more than 20% of their land (Table E.3)

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Table E.3. Number of households losing the land

Less than S.N VDC 10-20 % > 20 % NA Total 10%

1 Manthali 100.0 (78) 0 0 0 100 (78)

2 Ramechhap 85.0 (97) 0.9 (1) 1.8 (2) 12.3 (14) 100 (114)

Total 91.2 (175) 0.5 (1) 1.0 (2) 7.3 (14) 100 (192) Source: Census Survey March 2012 Note: Figures in the parenthesis indicates the number of households losing the quantity of land

D. Measures Taken to Minimize the Impacts 13. The Government of Nepal (GoN) has legally fixed 50 meters Right of Way (RoW) for the highways. In this sense, the standard RoW of the Manthali-Ramechhap feeder rod is also 30 meters. However, the Government policy and guidelines, also suggest to follow most economical and practical way possible and making best use of appropriate technology while constructing the road. Accordingly, the technical design of the Subproject road has been carried out based on the Government design standard by: (i) utilizing the existing alignment on foot print basis and (ii) acquiring land based on actual need approximately up-to 6 meter for the road alignment and 8 meter in the critical areas. In this sense, the resettlement impact of the Subproject has been minimized as only small strips of land along the existing alignment need to be acquired for the Subproject road. E. Stakeholder Consultation and Participation 14. The key stakeholders consulted in the course of preparing this RP are; (i) officials at DoR and Project Directorate (ADB) at central level; and (ii) Officials of DoR Divisional Office, District Land Survey Office (DLSO), District Land Revenue Office (DLRO), District Development Committee, District Administration Office (DAO). Similarly, local community, DPs and their family members, local leaders, VDC representatives, and other key persons were also consulted at the Subproject location. 15. The consulted people were informed about different aspects of the projects and likely resettlement impacts and mitigation measures. They were also informed about the (i) process of assessing resettlement impacts at detail design, (ii) process of compensation determination in accordance to the Land Acquisition Act 1977 and provisions of compensation and other assistance made in the entitlement matrix of the resettlement plan to be prepared for the Subproject road. The stakeholders involved in community consultation were local community, DPs and their family members, local representatives of political parties, school teachers, business persons, women, and vulnerable groups. 16. Series of meetings and consultations will be carried out in collaboration with the relevant stakeholders (e.g. district level agencies, local communities, DPs and other agencies), during RP implementation phase. Besides, as an approach of maintaining RP preparation and implementation process transparent and to ensure further active involvement of stakeholders in consultation process during implementation phase, project related information will also be disseminated through disclosure of this RP documents from the Department of Roads: F. Legal Framework 17. The resettlement principles adopted for this Subproject recognizes both, the Land Acquisition Act 1977, and ADB Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS) 2009. The resettlement principles adopted in this project will provide compensation and resettlement assistance to all Displaced Persons (DPs) and their affected assets in accordance to Land Acquisition Act 1977 also considering other relevant Government Acts, policies and practices being adopted in the past

xiii and ongoing road projects. Based on the above policy features, the principles of Resettlement and Rehabilitation (R&R) for this Project will entail the followings: . The negative impacts of the Project will be avoided or minimized as much as possible; . Where the negative impacts are unavoidable, the DPs will be assisted on improving or regaining their standard of living. Vulnerable groups will be identified and assisted to improve their standard of living; . Land replacement3/or cash compensation at replacement costs based on current market rate to the DPs subject to be fixed by CDC; . Cash compensation for all affected structures (residential/commercial/residential- cum-commercial and other structures) affected by the project at replacement cost subject to be determined by the CDC; . Assistance will be provided to the owners of affected structures and non-titleholders, who may incur loss of ability to maintain livelihood during relocation and resettlement; . Rehabilitation assistance i.e.; compensation for lost business and workdays (including employees) due to relocation and disruption of business enterprise. . Compensation and R&R assistance will be made in accordance with this policy before taking possession of the acquired lands and properties; . Appropriate mechanism will be established both at the district and local level to ensure speedy resolution of grievance and disputes; . All activities related to resettlement planning, implementation, and monitoring will be ensured through involvement of women, other vulnerable and DPs. G. Entitlements, Assistance and Benefits 18. This part reviews the policy framework that applies to the project. Land Acquisition Act (LAA) 1977, compatible with the ADB Safeguard Policy Statement 2009, guides resettlement Plan (RP). According to The Land Acquisition Act 1977(B.S. 2034) if the Government of Nepal (GoN) or any party acquire portion of land of the public, it should pay compensation or on the negotiation for public purposes and works. The RP provisions compensations to the DPs for all types of losses. In addition to the compensation for affected assets, the DPs will also receive other cash grants and resettlement assistance such as; shifting allowance, loss of workdays, income restoration, and additional financial assistance to the vulnerable DPs; such as household headed by women, households with diseable members, elderly headed households, ethnic occupational caste (dalit) groups, and household living below poverty level. The DPs under the project will be compensated at full replacement cost based on current market price to be determined by Compensation Determination Committee (CDC). Some of the key provisions made in the entitlement matrix are:  Compensation for Land Acquisition: One time cash compensation to the acquired private lands (agricultural, residential, commercial, forestry and others), in accordance to the provision in Land Acquisition Act 19774. Compensation will be given at local market value/replacement cost to be determined by CDC5. Permanent tenants/sharecroppers will receive 50 % cash compensation for the loss of tenancy due to acquisition of land. All the fees, taxes incurred in the relocation will be borne by the project;

4 There is also provision of land for land compensation to the DPs having complete loss of their land only if Government land is available in the area (Land Acquisition Act 1977, Clause 14) 5 Land Acquisition Act 1977 authorizes Compensation Determination Committee (CDC) to determine compensation for the affected assets on current market price.) xiv

 Loss of Income by Agricultural Crops, and Fruit and Non-fruit Trees: Cash compensation for the loss of agricultural crops at current market value of mature crops based on average production and for fruits and non-fruit trees subject to be fixed by CDC;  Loss of Income by Agricultural Labours/Wage Earners: One time financial assistance to affected labours/earners, equivalent to 90 days wages;  Loss of Business in the Affected Structures: One time lump-sum grant equivalent to minimum one-month's income based on nature of business and types of losses to be paid on case-to-case basis;  Loss of Business Premises: One time cash assistance to the owners or renters equivalent to two months income based on the nature of business including shifting allowance on actual cost basis;  Loss of Wage by Employee: The employees affected due to Project's impact on structure and business will be provided one time financial assistance equivalent to 90 days wages rate as determined by CDC;  Loss of Business from Commercial Kiosks: The affected commercial kiosk will be provided one time cash assistance equivalent to one month’s income on case to case basis based on type of business and average income from the business;  Additional Assistance to Vulnerable Groups: The entitlement matrix provisions cash compensation to the affected vulnerable households for 90 days wage rate plus cash assistance equivalent to NRs. 10,000 per households for restarting their livelihood;  Livelihood Assistance and Skill Development Training: Households having more than 10% loss of total holdings of agricultural land/income, complete loss of residential structures, and vulnerable groups will be provided skill development training according to their choices, and availability of training packages in the project location through the Supervision Consultant equivalent to NRs. 8000 per family;  Temporary Employment in the Project: Displaced persons from vulnerable and significantly affected households will also be encouraged for temporary employment for semi-skilled and non-skilled work in the project construction work through the contactors;  Compensation for the Owners of the Residential/commercial Structures: One-time cash compensation for the affected structures used as residential, commercial and other purpose (e.g. toilet, well, cattle shed etc) will be paid to DPs at full replacement costs subject to be fixed by CDC at replacement value. The vulnerable squatters/encroachers will also be eligible to get assistance for the loss of structures/assets at full replacement costs. The Owners of the affected structures will be allowed to take/reuse all the salvageable materials for rebuilding/rehabilitation of the structures without any deduction from the compensation amount. In case of rebuilding and rehabilitation, the DPs will be paid two months local agricultural wage rate for rebuilding/rehabilitation of structures and transport allowance to cover the cost for moving structures including load-offload cost. The vulnerable squatters will also be paid for the loss of structures and transport allowance but they will not be eligible for the loss of land;  Compensation for the Loss of Residential/Commercial Structures by Tenants: The renters/tenants of the affected residential/commercial structures will be provided financial assistance equivalent to one month's rental charge for moving to the alternative premise for reestablishing their home/business plus transfer allowance to cover the cost of shifting;  Loss of Cultural and Community Structures/Land/Facilities: The religious/cultural/community structures affected due to acquisition and construction activities will be constructed/rehabilitated or provided cash compensation to the recognized patron/custodian.

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 Unanticipated Adverse Impacts: Any unanticipated consequences of the project during and after project implementation will be dealt by the Project Implementation Unit (PIU) in accordance to the principles of the Entitlement Matrix. H. Resettlement Budget and Financing Plan 19. The total estimated RP implementation cost for the Subproject is NRs. 93,014,323.07 equivalent to US$ 11,62,679.038 @ of exchange rate NRs. 80 per 1 US$. All cost required for compensation and RP implementation will be borne by the Government of Nepal. The estimated resettlement cost for the Subproject includes eligible compensation, resettlement assistance, and support cost for RP implementation. The cost estimate for compensation has been prepared based on the information about the likely resettlement impacts on different assets (land, structures etc) derived from the census survey. The rate for cost calculation is based on the Government rate subject to be finalized by Compensation Determination Committee (CDC) in accordance to Land Acquisition Act 1977. I. Grievance Redress Mechanism 20. With a view to likeliness of grievance on RP implementation, provisions of constituting Grievance Redress Committee (GRC) have also been made in the RP to cut down the lengthy litigation. The GRC to be coordinated by the Project Manager (PM) as Member Secretary, and supported by other members (to be nominated as per need) and representatives of DPs. In order to reduce the number and pressure of grievances at district level, the RP has also provisioned of forming Subproject Level Committee (SLC) to be represented by local level communities and DPs. The SLC is expected to resolve the general grievances at community level before formal submission to GRC. J. Institutional Arrangement 21. The Ministry of Physical Planning, Works and Transport Management (MoPPWTM) will be the Executing Agency (EA) and Department of Roads (DOR) will be the implementing agency (IA). A Project Implementation Unit (PIU) will be established at Project Directorate (ADB) under the DoR to take the responsibility of overall implementation of the Subproject. A Social / Resettlement Specialist (SRS) under the Construction Supervision Consultant (CSC) will be made responsible to support the PDs on the overall RP implementation mechanism and process. At the field level, a Subproject office will be established under the PIU, headed by Project Managers (PM) in the rank of Senior Divisional Engineer (SDE). The consultant SRS with the support of PIU and PM, CDC, GRC and local community will carry out all the RP implementation activities. He/she will be supported by PM in coordinating with the CDC and CDO in the matters related to compensation rate, resolving grievances, and monitoring of day-to-day RP implementation activities. K. Implementation Schedule 22. As per the technical design, the Subproject is expected to be started from the first quarter of 2013 to the fourth quarter of 2014. The RP implementation time frame will be scheduled based on the overall project implementation program. However, all the tasks of distributing compensation to the DPs and other rehabilitation/relocation assistance will be completed prior to mobilization of the contractors. L. Monitoring and Reporting 23. Resettlement and Rehabilitation (R&R) activities implemented under the Subproject will be monitored internally as well as externally. Internal monitoring is the responsibility of Project Implementation Unit (PIU), and external monitoring will be conducted by an independent agency. Department of Roads will establish a quarterly monitoring and reporting system incorporating all aspects of land acquisition and resettlement activities. 24. The Project Implementation Unit (PIU) with the support of Subproject Office (SPO) and Construction Supervision Consultant (CSC) will oversee and monitor the RP implementation activities at the field level. The SPO will monitor the day-to-day resettlement activities carried out by the CSC and will conduct field monitoring. The Project Manager (PM) based on the review of

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RP implementation activities and CSC's progress report, will submit quarterly progress reports to PIU. The central level GESU unit will also carry of internal monitoring on regulars basis. 25. As per the ADB requirement, the Project Implementation Unit (PIU) will engage an external monitoring agency to carry out independent monitoring of RP implementation on semiannual basis. Some of the potential sources of external monitoring are consulting firm/ university departments/ independent consultant etc. 26. The Project Managers (PM) with the support of the supervision consultant will prepare a monthly progress reports on resettlement activities and submit to the PIU and a copy to GESU, and quarterly reports to PIU and ADB. The external monitoring agency will prepared bi-annual report based on the review of RP activities, share the finding with DoR, and submit the bi-annual report to ADB and PIU.

I. PROJECT DESCRIPTION

A. General 1. The Government of Nepal (the Government) had applied for a grant from the Asian Development Bank (ADB) for the Transport Project Preparatory Facility (the Facility) and applied a portion of proceeds to engage a firm of international consultants (the Consultant) to: (a) undertake preparatory activities for the processing of a new loan or grant projects for funding by ADB or other bilateral or multilateral development institutions; and (b) provide capacity development support to prepare and implement PPP projects. 2. Thus the project is having two Parts A and B. The objective of Part A is to review the government’s Priority investment plan (2007 – 2016) for the development and management of strategic road network, discuss and identify with the department of Roads (DOR) about 900 Km of high priority road sections and carrying out combined feasibility study and detail engineering design, including minor structures and bridges which consist of : (i) Appropriate condition surveys (ii) Engineering design, specifications, bill of quantities, cost estimates, and bidding documents for improvement works. (iii) Economic Analysis (iv) Social and Environmental assessment (v) Bidding Documents (vi) Procurement Assistance etc 3. Part-B involves capacity strengthening in PPP preparatory work and implementation with the objective of establishing an enabling environment. This includes: PPP sector diagnostic and sector map – reviewing legal, regulatory, and policy frameworks, assess institutional structures, conducting stakeholder consultation, and clarifying sector strategy and road map; identify and prepare at least one small scale pilot PPP project – assessing and selecting PPP options, defining procurement and bid evaluation process, and preparing bid package. 4. Consulting Services for Part A which involves Preparation for Priority Roads Improvement Projects is having following phases  Detailed Survey and Design: about 300 Km  Feasibility Study and Detailed Survey & Design: about 200 Km  Feasibility Study: about 400 Km 2

Figure 1: Location of TPPF Subprojects

Source: Technical Design Report, RCP

5. The following seven priority roads given in Table 1 have been identified for improvements under detailed design part of the project.

Table 1. Description of Roads Included in TPPF S. No. Road Length (Km) Road Classification 1 Ramapur- Lumbini- Kakrahwa ( RK) 34.57 Feeder Road 2 Manthali- Ramechhap (MR) 13.35 Feeder road 3 Halesi-Diktel (HD) 35.43 Mid Hill Highway 4 Leguwaghat- Bhojpur (LB) 65.55 Mid Hill Highway Leguwaghat- Tumlintar (Savakhola) 5 24.63 Feeder Road (H11) (LT) 6 EWH-Koshi Bridge- EWH (EE) 62.90 Asian Highway Mechipul- Chandragadhi- Birtamod 7 12.16 Feeder road (MB) 6. The Department of Roads (DoR), SASEC Road Connectivity Project (SRCP) will be responsible to implement Resettlement Plan (RP) for its Subprojects. As guided by the Terms of Reference (ToR) this resettlement plan have been finalized under the TPPF based on the RP prepared during the feasibility phase by conducting 100% cencus survey of the displaced population and their affected assets in the month of March 2012. However, the RP may require further updating during the implementation phase after incorporating information from the absentee displaced households.

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B. The Subproject 7. The DoR under the SRCP aims to improve the Manthali Ramechhap Road (13.35 km) as a single lane bitumenious road within for connecting the southwestern part of Ramechhap district to the district headquarter at Manthali. The average available formation width of the existing fair weather road is about 6 meter with some variance in different sections. The road mostly traverses through mountainous topography and small settlements in some sections (Figure 2).

Figure 2: Alignment Route of Manthali - Ramechhap Road

C. Description of the Subproject Location 8. The subproject area is Located in Ramechhap district of the Central Devlopment Region (CDR), approximately 193 km east from the capital city (Kathmandu). There are only two VDCs traversed by the Subproject road; Manthali and Ramechhap. The zero chainage starts across the Ranajor River near the district headquarter at Manthali, and passes through Machhedandi, Bitar, Daregauda, Babiyokharka, Sallaghari, Bhangeri and Ramechhap Bazaar. The VDCs and major settlements traversed by the Subproject road have also been mentioned in Table 2.

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Table 1. Key Locations Traversed by the Subproject Road VDCs Name of Villages Manthali Machhedandi, Manthali Bitar, Daregaunda, Babiyokharka, Sallaghari, Bhangeri and ends at Ramechhap Ramechhap Bazaar

D. Benefits and Impacts

1. The Beneficial Impacts 9. The proposed Subproject road aims to facilitate linkages for five key settlements within the district and benefit to the people living in the district. The construction of this road is expected to play vital role on uplifting socio-economic condition of the local people due to diversification of economic activities in the district in general and particularly along the road alignment through enhance accessibility. The community meetings and interviews that were conducted with affected persons and local communities confirmed that the potential benefit from the execution of the subproject is much more than that of their losses. Most of displaced households felt the need for better motorable transport facility. The subproject will enhance scope of income generation through employment opportunities likely to be generated during the construction phase. Besides, improvement of the road also promotes the agricultural product due to easy market. 10. Some of the tangible benefits that can be assured after the improvement of the Subproject road also include:  Easy access to transportation facilities by reducing travel time and cost;  Increase in the scope of economic, and tourism related activities;  Increase in the scope of developing other infrastructure facilities;  Increase the value of land;  Economic diversification;  Employment opportunities to the local people during the construction phase.

2. The Negative Impacts 11. The Technical design of the Subproject road is based on the government design standered by: (i) utilizing the existing alignment on foot print basis, and (ii) acquiring minimum land based on actual need, approximately up-to 6 meter for the road alignment and 8 meter in the critical areas. The Subproject requires an ununiform width because the existing fair weather road is not uniform throughout the road alignment for improving the existing road to the standard of single lane feeder with minor widening and construction works of side drains and retaining walls as necessary. 12. As per the design standard, an estimated area of 6.29 ha land is required for the improvement of Subproject road. However, the cadastral survey has identified about 1.9 ha of Government land in different sections of the road. In this sense, the actual area of land to be acquired for the subproject is only about 4.39 ha after deducting the available Government land. Based on the findings of census survey (March 2012), acquisition of land for the Subproject road is likely to affect an estimated number of 276 land parcels owned by 192 (Table 3). 13. Of the total number of households having affect on their land (192 HHs), seven households will also likely to loose their structures.However, out of the total number of households affected only 164 households were interviewed during the census, which is about 85.42 % of the total affected land parcels and the remaining 28 land owners (14.58%) were absentees. Information on the absentees and their affected assts with be collected during the detail design and updated in the RP.

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. Table 2. Summary of Affected Assets and Displaced Persons Types of Total Land Area to Affected Displaced Land Affected Interviewed be acquired Persons Parcels Assets Households HHs (ha.) Land only 185 Land with 164 822 276 4.3865 7 structures Total 192 164 822 276 4.3865 Source: Census March 2012

The 822 displaced persons relate to the 164 interviewed households.

E. The Project Components 14. In Nepal, the Feeder Roads are categorized as the secondary types of road. Normally, technical design of the feeder road is based on the available fair weather road alignment for single lane traffic with minor widening. The major activities to be carried out under this sub-project include: . Some pavement improvement; . Minor widening; . Additional roadside structures; . Slope protection works; . Bio-engineering works; . Black top

F. Measure Taken to Minimize the Impacts 15. The Government of Nepal (GoN) has legally fixed 50 meters Right of Way (RoW) for the highways. In this sense, the standard RoW of the Manthali-Ramechhap feeder rod is also 30 meters. However, the Government policy and guideline also suggest to follow most economical and practical way possible and making best use of appropriate technology while constructing the road. Accordingly, the technical design of the Subproject road has been carried out based on the Government design standard by: (i) utilizing the existing alignment on foot print basis, and (ii) acquiring land based on actual need approximately up-to 6 meter for the road alignment and 8 meter in the critical areas. In this sense, the resettlement impact of the Subproject has been minimized as only small strips of land along the existing alignment need to be acquired for the Subproject road.

16. The Subproject activities will be carried out along the existing road with minimum widening, and minor construction works by acquiring some additional portion of land without fresh acquisition. Therefore, the resettlement impact has been expected to be low.

G. Scope and Objective of Resettlement Plan 17. This Resettlement Plan (RP) has been updated based on the draft RP prepared during the feasibility phase by conducting detailed census survey of the affected households and their affected assets along the corridor of the Subproject road. The principal objective of this Resettlement Planning document is to plan measures to compensate, rehabilitate and relocate (if applicable) to those who might be displaced due to resettlement impacts to be brought by the Subproject. Based on the census survey carried out during the detail design, an estimated

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number of 822 persons of 164 households likely to be directly affected due to acquisition of land for the Subproject. The major objective of this RP is to ensure compensation and other mitigation measure to the displaced persons in accordance to the provision made in the entitlement matrix..The RP may require further updating during the implementation phase after incorporating information for the absentees and their affected assets.

H. Methods of Resettlement Impact Assessment

1. Field Survey 18. A detail census survey was carried out to enumerate and record information on the DPs and their affected assets in the Subproject area in the process of updating this RP. Information derived from the socio-economic survey of the displaced households, findings of discussions with the DPs, local communities, other stakeholders and information received from the technical team have also ben used to finalize the RP. Supported by the PPTF Resettlement Specialist the census survey was carried out in the March 2012 by a resettlement team comprising Resettlement Officer, Cadastral Surveyor and other team member. A one-day orientation session was organized to the resettlement team in advance to the fieldwork for the purpose of making them familiar with the designing of information collection tools (census questionnaire and inventories formats, socio-economic questionnaire, and checklists). The team with the guidance and intensive support from the Resettlement Specialist carried out field survey across the corridor of Subproject road to assess the scope of resettlement impact and to collection of socio-economic information from the displaced households.

2. Cadastral Survey 19. Cadastral survey of likely affected land in Manthali and Ramechhap VDCs of the Subproject district was carried out with the leadership of cadastral surveyor from the District Land Survey Office. The project team first collected the cadastral maps of the project area form the District Land Survey Office of Ramechhap. Then they mapped out centerline of the road alignment and extreme edge on the cadastral maps being based on the detailed engineering designs of the road. Again, the survey team took the marked cadastral maps to the field. The team pegged the alignment and impact boundaries and verified the affected land areas, assets and structures. The affected lands and other assets were measured at the site and the cadastral surveyors enumerated the premises. The social survey team then conducted the census of affected households. The identified landowners and the plot number of the affected lands was further verified in the land revenue office at the district headquarter to confirm the land ownership status.

3. Assets Inventory 20. As part of census, the inventory survey was also conducted by the survey teams consisting of Resettlement Specialist, Resettlement Officer, Cadastral Surveyors, Field Researcher, Enumerators, representative of District Land Survey Office (DLSO) and other concerned District Level Officials deputed in the field. The Cadastral Surveyor with the knowledge of engineering design identified upgrading requirements and likely areas of land to be acquired. Displaced households were also participated in the survey. 21. A detailed inventory of affected persons/households, land, houses and other structures, private trees, public properties and common property resources was recorded and verified with the owners and related persons on site. The inventory of assets was further verified in the land revenue office to confirm the legal ownership status of the affected land parcels. The photograph of the affected houses and structures was also taken to discourage further encroachment after census of DPs.

4. Census Survey 22. Census of affected households and socio-economic survey was carried out during March 2012. Complete enumerations of all affected households were recorded. The objective of census

7 is to record the profile of affected people and information of assets loss. Census helped to prepare a complete inventory of affected persons and their assets as a basis for compensation.

5. Socio-economic Survey 23. Socio-economic information of the households were also collected based on key socio- economic indicators. The key objective of socio-economic survey was (i) to assess information on the key socio-economic characteristics of the households in the project location, (ii) poverty and other vulnerability incidence; (iii) issues related to resettlement impacts, and (iv) other relevant information including social issues in the area.

6. Qualitative Information and Community Consultations 24. Qualitative socio-economic data, and other resettlement related information such as; settlements, major economic activities, sources of income and livelihood, cultivating pattern and major crops grown in the area, potential benefits and likely negative impacts (especially to vulnerable groups), key issues related to women and children and other local issues were also assessed during the field survey. Such information were solicited through discussion with local community, representative of local level institutions and political parties, respondents and family members from interviewed households and other key informants (e.g. VDC/ward representatives, significantly displaced persons, women, school teachers etc) were involved in such discussion either individually or in groups.

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II. SCOPE OF LAND ACQUISITION AND RESETTLEMENT

A. Findings of Resettlement Census Survey 25. The detail census survey carried out across the Subproject section collected socio- economic information of the displaced persons and determined the number of displaced households and their affected assets. Based on the census data 822 persons of 164 households are likely to be displaced due to impact on their 4.39 ha of private land and 8 residential and commercial structures. Table 4 provides summary on the key resettlement impact of the Subproject road.

Table 4. Summary on the Key Impact of the Subproject

No of No. of Displaced Affected Land Unit Displaced Persons HHs

Total Private Land being Affected (Ha) 4.39 192 822 (of 164 hhs) Government Land (Ha) 1.9 - Total 6.29 192 822 Affected Structure Residential (Number) 5 4 23 Commercial Only (Number) 3 3 17 Total 8 7 40 Source: Census Survey, July 2012

B. Scope of Land Acquisition 26. As per the design standard, an estimated area of 6.29 ha land is required for the Subproject road. The cadastral survey has identified about 1.9 ha of Government land in different sections of the road. In this sense, the actual area of land to be acquired for the subproject is only about 4.39 ha after deducting the availability. Acquisition of land for the Subproject road likely to affect about 276 land parcels owned by 192 households.(Table 5). Out of the total recorded land owners only 822 persons of 164 households were interviewed during the census which is about 85.42 % and the remaining 28 land owners (14.58%) were absentees. Inventory of affected land parcels is included in Annex 1.

Table 5. Impact on Land and Displaced Persons

Area of Land Number of Number of Number of Number of to be Interveiwed Displaced Land Parcel Displaced HHs Acquired (ha.) HHs Person

4.39 276 192 164 822

Source: Census Survey, March 2012

Note: Out of 192 HHs likely to be affected, only 164 households could be able to interview as they were physically presented at the subproject area, and the remaning 28 households were absentees during household census survey 27. As summarized in the Table 6 below, most of the displaced households 91.2%, arelikely to have less than 10% land loss out of their total landholdings,0.5% HHs are losing in between 10- 20%, and 1 % will have more than 20% loss of land. As the census data reveals, a majority of

9 displaced households having affect on their land are likely of having loss of a small strip of land. Therefore there is no loss of income due to loss of land. On the contrary, there is scope of increasing land price in the area after widening and improvement of the Subproject road.

Table 6. Number of households losing the land

Less than S.N VDC 10-20 % > 20 % NA Total 10% 1 Manthali 100.0 (78) 0 0 0 100 (78) 2 Ramechhap 85.0 (97) 0.9 (1) 1.8 (2) 12.3 (14) 100 (114) Total 91.2 (175) 0.5 (1) 1.0 (2) 7.3 (14) 100 (192) Source: Census Survey March 2012 Note: Figures in the parenthesis indicates the number of households losing the quantity of land

C. Information on Affected Land

1. Ownership of Affected Land 28. All the Displaced households are titleholders having ownership certificates of their affected land parcels without any official tenants.(Table 7).

Table 7. Ownership of Affected Land Parcels Area of Land to be S.N. Description No. % Acquired (ha.) 1 Private Land 276 4.39 69.77 2 Government Land 1.9 30.23 Total 279 6.29 100.00 Source: Census Survey, March 2012

2. Irrigation Facilities on Affected Land 29. In the Subproject location, almost all affected land parcels (99.28 %) do not have irrigation facilities; however, about 0.72 % land parcels are partially irrigated. The following Table 2.5 shows the irrigation facility of affected land parcels.

Table 8. Irrigation Facilities on Affected Land Parcels

S.N. Description No % 1 Non-irrigated 274 99.28 2 Partially irrigated 2 0.72 Total 276 100.00 Source: Census Survey, March 2012

3. Quality of Affected Land 30. The quality of land in Nepal has been categorized into four (Abal, Doyam, Sim and Chahar). According to Land Act (1964), the categorization of land is based on productivity and fertility, which have been useful to collect revenue discriminately from different quality of land and to pose the land registration fees. Generally, Abal means high productive land, Doyam means medium quality land, Sim means lower quality land and Chahar means lowest quality land. Most of the affected land comes under medium quality land, which is about 62.38 percent of the total affected land. Table 9 below shows the different quality of affected land and area.

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Table 9. Quality of Affected Land (Area in ha)

Abbal Doyam Sim Chahar Total S.N. VDC (High (Medium (Lower ( Less (ha) productive) Productive) productive) productive) 1 Manthali - - 0.0554 0.0042 0.0596 2 Ramechhap - 0.4582 2.6807 1.1880 4.3269 Total - 0.4582 2.7361 1.1922 4.3865 Source: Field Study, 2011

4. Present Use of Affected Land 31. The land area presented in Table 10 below is of private land and of different quality. The affected private land is mostly agricultural land. However, most of the affected land in the road construction width is of low quality and upland. Among the total affected land, about 75% (32974) of the total affected land is upland, about 18% land have been used as homestead, similarly about 7% land is fallow land and only 0.15 % land is lowland. The following table shows the land use pattern of the affected plot.

Table 10. Present Use of Affected Land

S.N. Description No. of Plots Affected Area (ha) Percentage 1 Fallow Land 8 0.3105 7.08 2 Homestead 128 0.7722 17.60 3 Lowland 2 0.0064 0.15 4 Upland 138 3.2974 75.17 Total 276 4.3865 100.00 Source: Census Survey, March 2012

5. Viability of Residual Land 32. None of the displaced households are likely to be landless after the acquisition of land for the Subproject road. As the census data shows, all of the displaced households will have remaining land for cultivation and other purposes (e.g. residential, commercial etc) even after acquisition of their land for the Subproject road. The inventory data also reveals that, of the total 192 HHs having impact on their land, about 91.2 % HHs have less than 10% impact, 0.5% have 10-20% loss and 1% household have more than 20% loss. However, the census survey could not assess the extent of looses for the remaining 7.3% (14 n) HHs as they were absentees but the land holding and land loss percentage of these 14 households were recorded in the inventory from cadastral map.

D. Loss of Income Generating Assets

1. Loss of Agricultural Crops 33. Acquisition of land for the Subproject may also causes losses of standing crops. Based on the preliminary estimation, about 10,832 kg of crops are likely to be affected due to acquisition of land (Table 11). The quantity estimated for loss of standing crops has been calculated based on the area of land to be acquired, average quantity of major crops grown in the area and on the

11 basis of Government Statistics6. The Entitlement Matrix (EM: B-1(a & b) provisions of advance notification to DPs to harvest the crops and cash compensation in case of loss of standing crops are subjected to be determined by CDC.

Table 11. Estimated Loss of Standing Crops Land to be Acquired Affected Agricultural Estimated Production (kg) (ha.) Land Area (ha) 3.3038 3.31 10,832.00 Source: Census Survey, March 2012

2. Impact on Private Trees 34. Based on the inventory of affected assets, there are 273 private trees going to be affected during the road construction. As the Manthali VDC is the homestead area, there are no significant trees in the road alignment. The details of the affected trees is presented in the Annex 2. Description of affected trees have been summarized in Table 12.

Table 12. Description of Affected Trees

Timber & S.N. VDC Fuel Fodder Fruit Bamboo Total wood 1 Manthali - - - - - 2 Ramechhap 8 62 108 95 273 Total 8 62 108 95 273 Source: Census Survey, March 2012

3. Loss of Tenancy on Affected Land 35. None of the affected land parcels have been found being cultivated by tenants/sharecroppers.

E. Loss of Structures 36. The road upgrading work will displace altogether eight (8) structures owned by seven (7) households in this Subproject area. Among them 3 structures are used for trade/business purposes and the remaining 5 structures have been used for residential purpose. Table 2.10 presents the type of structures and their use. Collectively, most of the affected structures are located at Bhangeri settlement of Ramechhap VDC (4 no.), Bitar (1 no.) and Machhedandi settlement of Manthali VDC (3 no). The following table provides the details of the affected structures. Inventory of the affected structure have been included in Annex 3.

6 Statistical Information of Nepalese Agriculture 2007/2008, a publication of Ministry of Agriculture, Nepal & Selected Indicators of Nepalese Agriculture and Population, A brochures of the Ministry of Agriculture and Co-operatives, 2010 and consultation with relevant officers and the Ministry

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Table 13. Number of Affected Structures by VDCs and Type of Use

Residential Structures Commercial Structures Total S.N. VDC No HHs Popn No HHs Popn No HHs Popn

1 Manthali 1 1 5 0 0 0 1 1 5

2 Ramechhap 4 3 18 3 3 17 7 6 22

Total 5 4 23 3 3 17 8 7 27 Source: Census Survey, March 2012

1. Extent of Loss on Structures by VDC and Present Use 37. Regarding the extent of loss, 7 out of 8 affected structures are going to be fully damaged and would not be eligible to be used in the future. The remaining one structure likely to have partial affect even not likely to be used. Table 14: explains the details of the extent of loss of structures by VDC and present Use

Table 14. Extent of Loss of Structures by VDC and Present Use

Residential Structures Commercial Structures Total S.N. VDC Partially Fully Partially Fully Total Total Loss Loss Loss Loss Loss

1 Manthali 1 - 1 - - - 1

2 RamecHHap - 4 4 - 3 3 7

Total 1 4 5 - 3 3 8

Source: Census Survey, March 2012

2. Affected Structures by Type of Construction Materials 38. All the affected structures (n-8) in the Subproject are semi-permanent type stone built with mud mortar. Table 15 provides the construction type of affected structures by types of construction materials.

Table 15. Affected Structures by Type of Construction Materials S.No. Type of Structures No. % 1 Stone with mud mortar 8 100.00 2 Stone mud mortar with plaster - - 3 Stone with cement mortar - - 4 Bamboo and wood fenced - - Total 8 100.00 Source: Census Survey, March 2012

3. Ownership Type of the Affected Structures and Use 39. As the census data reveals, all the affected structures belong to and is being used by the title holders themselves. None of the structure was reported given to or used by tenant. The titleholders themselves have been operating small scale businesses (e.g. shops) in the affected commercial structures without any employees.

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4. Ownership Type of the Affected Structures by Caste/Ethnicity 40. Of the total affected structures, fifty percent (4 nos) affected structures belong to Advantaged Janajati (Newar), followed by 3 nos Brahaman/Chhetri, 1 no Indigenous People (Janajati) respectively. Table 16 summarizes the ownership of affected structures by different caste/ethnic groups.

Table 16. Ownership of Affected Structures by Caste/Ethnicity S.No. Caste/Ethnicity No of HHs No of Structures 1 Brahaman/Chhetri 2 3 2 Disadvantaged Janajati (IP) 1 1 3 Advataged Janajati (Newar) 4 4 Total 7 8 Source: Census Survey, March 2012

5. Affected Structures by Other Vulnerable Households 41. Out of the total displaced households (192 HHs) of the Subproject the socio-economic study carried out during the census survey identified 69 households as vulnerable. Among them, only one displaced households likely to lose his/her structures (Table 17).

Table 17. Affected Structures Owned by Vulnerable Households Types of Venerable Households No of HHs Women Headed 0 Elderly Aged Person 0 Disabled Person 0 Below Poverty Level Households 1 Ethnic Occupational Caste (Dalit) 0 Total 1 Source: Census Survey, March 2012

6. Relocation and Rehabilitation of the Displaced Households 42. The displaced households opted for compensation and other assistance to relocate/ rehabilitate their displaced structures. The entitlement matrix of the resettlement plan have provisioned cash compensation to the households displaced due to loss of their structures (both titleholders and vulnerable squatters) based on current market value to be fixed by the CDC [EM: C-1 (a)] and [EM: C-2 (a)]. Owners of the affected structures will be allowed to take/reuse all the salvageable materials for rebuilding/rehabilitation of the structures without any deduction from the compensation amount. For those requiring rebuilding/ rehabilitation, will also be paid two months local agricultural wage for rebuilding/rehabilitation of structures plus transport allowance to cover the cost for moving structures including load-offload cost. The vulnerable squatters will also be paid for the loss of structures and transport allowance but they will not be eligible for the loss of land [EM: C-1 (c)]. Similarly, The renters/tenants of the affected commercial and residential/commercial structures will be provided one month's rental financial assistance for moving to alternative premise for reestablishing their home/business plus transfer allowance to cover the cost of shifting [EM: C-3 (a & b)].

F. Loss of Community Property Resources 43. Regarding the community property, the field team was aware for minimizing the issues. For that some temples and pati pauwas are saved (which was presented in the RCP project report also) after the consultation with the design team. There are three Public Rest Places (Chautaras) in the alignement which are going to be affected. Among them, one is located in

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Machhedandi settlement, another one is located in Bitar settlement and last one is located in Bhangeri. The first one is located in the macchedani, likely one public rest place is going to be affected in the Bitar, and last one is in the Bhangeri. Likewise two drinking water taps are being replaced. First one is in the Bitar and second one is in the Babiyakharka. Local people were found aware and consulted about community property loss and mitigation measure to be adopted in the implementation phase and they requested to relocate the affected structures in a conveninent place to the community.

G. Resettlement Impact on Indigenous/Ethnic Peoples 44. As the socioeconomic information reveals, the total number of displaced households (192 HHs) also included 14 indigenous households (Table 18.). Among them 13 indigenous households have impact only on land and one household has impacts both on land and structures (see Table 16). Likewise one Endangered Group’s household (Hayu) also has impacts on land. The number of displaced IP households having different type of resettlement impact is also given in Table 15.

Table 18. Distribution of Displaced Households by Caste/Ethnicity Ethnicity/Caste No of Population Displaced HHs Male Female Total Endangered Group 1 12 13 25 Bhujel 6 5 2 7 Magar 2 7 8 15 Rai 1 2 5 7 Tamang 4 10 9 19 Total 14 36 37 73 Source: Census Survey, March, 2012 45. Displaced IP households by effect on structures. Out of eight structures likely to be affected by the Subproject only one household belonging to Tamang IP is going to be displaced. 46. As provisioned in the ADB SPS 2009 (Appendix 3, page 56), if the indigenous people (IP) safeguard are triggered with a project directly or indirectly affecting the dignity, human rights, livelihood systems, or culture of IP or affects their territories, or natural/cultural resources that IP use, occupy as their natural domain a separate Indigenous People Plan (IPP) is required. But this subproject will not result in any adverse impacts on the identity, culture and customary livelihhods of the IPs therefore preparation of a separate IPP is not envisaged for this subproject. 47. The entitlement matrix of the resettlement plan has provisions, compensation and other associated allowances to the IP for the affect on their land, crops, trees, and structures. Based on the findings of census survey, the displaced IP are not likely to be landless and homeless due to the Subproject impact because of compensation provision and availability of other land owned by them. Besides, the indigenous/ethnic people (IP) along the road corridor have been found integrated with the main social stream sharing common social and cultural values, norms, and having similar economic opportunities. Although some of the indigenous/ethnic groups have their own language and cultural traits, they use Nepali language as the common tongue and share the similar national and social sentiments with the other main-streamed groups. They do not maintain distinct way of life different from the normal social lifestyle and neither depended on typical traditional sources of earning for their merely livelihood (like; fishing, hunting, collecting herbal plants) for their livelihood. Rather they are involved in different occupations including overseas employment as the other groups do. The socio-economic information of the displaced households also reveal several instances related to mainstreaming of IP with other community in the Subproject area in terms of literacy and degree of education attainment, land holding status, and occupation etc (refer socio-economic information of the Indigenous people in (chapter 3). Hence, separate IP plan for this Subproject road may not be required. Besides, adequate attention will

15 also be paid focusing to the IP households with respect to compensation and rehabilitation/relocation activities to be carried out during the implementation phase.

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III. SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE AND INFORMATION

A. Profile of the Subproject District 47. Ramechhap lies in Bagmati zone of Central Development Region (CDR). The district covers an area of 1546 sq. km and surrounded by Solukhumbu and Okhaldhunga in the east, Dolakha in the north, Sindhuli in the west and south. The total number of households in the district is 40,386 comprising 221,408 population out of which 100,853 (47.48%) is male and 111,535 (52.52) female. The population density of the district is 137 persons per sq.m. The overall literacy rate of the district is 39.05 percent. The district is divided into 56 Village Development Committees (VDCs) and the entire population is rural. Table 19 provides a brief summary on the key demographic profile of Ramechhap district.

Table 19. Salient Features of the Subproject District S. N. Key Characteristics Indicators 1 Area 1546 sq. km 2 Number of Village Development Committees 56 3 Number of Municipalities None 4 Number of Households 40,386 5 Total Population 221,408 6 Average Household Size 5.4 7 Population Density- per sq.m. 137 person 8 Literacy Rate 39.05% 9 Male Literacy 53.8 10 Female Literacy 26.3 Source: National Census 2001 48. Population distribution of the subproject district by caste/ethnicity. The household composition of Ramechhap district in terms of caste and ethnic groups is characterized by heterogeneous in nature, comprising indigenous people (Tamang, Magar, Newar), dalit, and other (Brahman, Chhetri, etc) with some majority of Brahmni/Chhetri caste groups. Table 20 depicts population distribution of the Subproject districts by caste and ethnic groups. As the Table shows, about 46.8% of the district constituent the households of Brahmin/Chhetri caste groups followed by advantaged Janajati /Newars (30.6%), occupational caste groups 9%, and religious minority (0.9%).

Table 21. Caste/Ethnic Composition of the Households in Subproject Location

S.N. Ethnicity Number Percent 1 Brahmin, Chettri, Thakuri, and others 90 46.8 2 Advantage Janajati (Newar) 59 30.6 3 Disadvantage Janajati (IP) 17 9.0 4 Ethnic Occupational Caste (Dalit) 24 12.6 5 Religious Minorities 2 0.9 Total 192 100.0 Source: Draft PSA Report, April 2012

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B. Profile of the Subproject Location 49. The Subproject road traverses through two VDCs namely Manthali and Ramechhap. The subsequent sub-chapters briefly describe the key profile of Subproject VDCs. 50. Households and population of the subproject VDCs. The Subproject road is transverse through the two VDCs namely Manthali and Ramechhap. Based on the National Census 2001, these two VDCs having 2,114 households with total 10,465 populations, comprising 2,609 (49.51%) male and 2661 (50.49%) female with 4.95 average household size. Table 22 figure outs household characteristics of the project location.

Table 22. Household and Population of the Subproject District Total Total Average HH VDCs Male Female Households Population Size Manthali 1150 5,053 2,609 2,444 4.39 Ramechhap 964 5,412 2,661 2,751 5.61 Sub-Total 2114 10,465 5,270 5,195 4.95 Source: National Census 2001

C. Profile of the Displaced Households 51. An estimated number 192 households are likely to be displaced due to resettlement impacts on their land, and structures. Among them, information from the census survey could be obtained only from 164 (85%) households with 822 persons and the rest were absentees. In this sense, the socio-economic information of the displaced persons is also based on the information obtained from 164 affected households.

1. Population Distribution of Project Affected Household 52. Of the total 192 identified displaced households, 164 (85.41%) households were involved in census survey and the remaining 28 households (14.59%) were absentees during the survey period. The total population of the displaced household is 822 persons and most of them are concentrated in Ramechhap VDC (62.20%) and the remaining (57.89% HHs) are in Manthali VDC. The total population of the interviewed displaced households is 822 comprising 52.07% male and 47.93% female. Table 23 provides the details.

Table 23. Population Distribution of Project Affected Household

Population Average VDC Household % HH Size Male % Female % Total %

Manthali 62 37.80 160 48.05 173 51.95 333 40.51 5.4

Ramechhap 102 62.20 268 54.81 221 45.19 489 59.49 4.8

Total 164 100.00 428 52.07 394 47.93 822 100.00 5.0 Source: Census Survey, March 2012

2. Family Type of Affected Households 53. Among the total interviewed affected households 42.07% belongs to nuclear family and 57.93% have joint family (Table 24).

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Table 24. Family Type of the Displaced Households

S.N. Family Type Number % Remarks 1 Nuclear 69 42.07 2 Joint 95 57.93 Total 164 100 Source: Census Survey, March 2012

3. Displaced Person by Gender and Age 54. The total population of the interviewed displaced households is 822 with average family size of 5.0 persons per households. The proportion of economically active age groups of the displaced household is 73.86% followed by aged persons (12.69%), age group of 5-15 years (8.88%) and under five children (4.57%). Table 25 provides the breakdown.

Table 25. Displaced Persons by Gender and Age Group Less than 5 More than 5-15 Year 15-60 Year Total VDCs Sex Years 60 Year No. % No. % No. % No. % Male 10 6.25 10 6.25 122 76.25 18 11.25 160 Manthali Female 13 7.51 19 10.98 126 72.83 15 8.67 173 Male 6 2.24 21 7.84 199 74.25 42 15.67 268 Ramechhap Female 5 2.26 16 7.24 165 74.66 35 15.84 221 Male 16 3.74 31 7.24 321 75.00 60 14.02 428 Total Female 18 4.57 35 8.88 291 73.86 50 12.69 394 Source: Census Survey, March 2012

4. Distribution of Displaced Population by VDCs and Caste/Ethnicity 55. The social category of displaced household in terms of caste and ethnicity is dominated by Brahmin (42.1%) followed by Newar (29.9%), Chhetri (15.2%), Janajati (8.6%), Dalit (3.0%) and Sanyasi (1.2%) respectively. The below information indicates that overwhelmingly majority of Displaced HHs are from the so-called upper caste (Brahmin and Chhetri) and advantaged Janajati (Newar). Table 26 provides the details.

Table 26. Caste and Ethnic Composition of Displaced Households

Brahmin Chhettri Dalit Janajati Newar[1] Sanyasi Total VDCs No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % Manthali 21 12.8 16 9.76 1 0.6 8 4.9 14 8.54 2 1.2 62 38 Ramechhap 48 29.3 9 5.49 4 2.4 6 3.7 35 21.3 0 0 102 62 Total 69 42.1 25 15.2 5 3 14 8.6 49 29.9 2 1.2 164 100 Source: Census Survey, March 2012

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5. Literacy Status of Displaced Population 56. About 17.77 % (n-70) population of displaced households are illiterate and 16.75 % are just able to read and write. However, the highest percentage (21.07 %) of displaced household population is found enrolled between classes 6-10, Table 27 provides the details.

Table 27. Literacy Status of Affected Population

Can read More than Less than 5 Illiterate Class 1 - 5 Class 6-10 SLC - 10+2 and Write Bachelor years VDCs Sex Total No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % No. %

Male 4 2.50 17 10.63 30 18.75 40 25.00 40 25.00 19 11.88 10 6.25 160 Manthali Female 28 16.18 22 12.72 30 17.34 40 23.12 31 17.92 9 5.20 13 7.51 173

Male 16 5.97 28 10.45 32 11.94 54 20.15 93 34.70 39 14.55 6 2.24 268 Ramechhap Female 42 19.00 44 19.91 27 12.22 43 19.46 45 20.36 15 6.79 5 2.26 221

Male 20 4.67 45 10.51 62 14.49 94 21.96 133 31.07 58 13.55 16 3.74 428 Total Female 70 17.77 66 16.75 57 14.47 83 21.07 76 19.29 24 6.09 18 4.57 394 Source: Census Survey, March 2012

6. Land Ownership and Average Holding Size of the Displaced Households 57. Based on the census data, about 39.02 % (n-64) affected interviewed households have been owning 0.1ha to 0.5ha of land, followed by 26.22% (n-43) - 0.5ha to 1ha, 17.07% (n-28) - <0.1ha of land, 14.02% (n-23) - 1ha-2ha of land and 3.66% (n-6) household have been owning more than 2ha of land respectively. As the table below indicates, in both VDCs a majority of displaced households have been owning 0.1ha to 0.5ha of land. However, significant number of households in Manthali VDCs have been owning <0.1ha of land and there is less number of landowners owning above 1ha of land. Being emerging as a semi-urban area of the district, Machhedandi settlement is becoming a potential residential area. Hence, displaced people of Manthali VDC holds small number of land area. 58. In contrary to that, the significant number of affected households (about 25%) in Ramechhap VDC have been owning more than 1ha of land. All the interviewed households have been reported that they are owning private land and none of them is landless. Table 28 shows the landholding pattern of displaced households.

Table 28. Average Land Area Owned by Displaced Population More than < 0.1 ha 0.1 ha-0.5 ha 0.5 ha - 1 ha 1ha - 2ha Total VDCs 2 ha No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % No. %

Manthali 21 33.87 24 38.71 14 22.58 3 4.84 0 - 62 37.80

Ramechhap 7 6.86 40 39.22 29 28.43 20 19.61 6 5.88 102 62.20

Total 28 17.07 64 39.02 43 26.22 23 14.02 6 3.66 164 100.00 Source: Census Survey, March 2012

7. Occupational Status of the Displaced Households 59. About 44.35% of the economically active persons of the interviewed displaced households are engaged in agriculture followed by service (29.44%), business (17.74 %), wage labour (2.22%), foreign employment (2.62%), and others (3.63%) respectively (Table 29). Female involvement in agriculture and farm activities have been reported to be significantly higher

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(66.36%) compared to male (27.24%). Female's extensive involvement in agriculture maybe considered one of the indicators of their hardship (drudgery).

Table 29. Occupation and Income of Displaced Population

Occupation Wage Foreign VDC Agriculture Services Business Others Total sex Labour Employement No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % No. %

Male 25 26.32 31 32.63 27 28.42 4 4.21 1 1.05 7 7.37 95 Manthali Female 32 46.38 9 13.04 24 34.78 1 1.45 0 0.00 3 4.35 69 Male 51 27.72 87 47.28 23 12.50 5 2.72 10 5.43 8 4.35 184 Ramechhap Female 112 75.68 19 12.84 14 9.46 1 0.68 2 1.35 0.00 148

Male 76 27.24 118 42.29 50 17.92 9 3.23 11 3.94 15 5.38 279 Total Female 144 66.36 28 12.90 38 17.51 2 0.92 2 0.92 3 1.38 217 Grand Total 220 44.35 146 29.44 88 17.74 11 2.22 13 2.62 18 3.63 496 Source: Census Survey, March 2012

8. Migration Trend of Displaced Households 60. Of the total family members in the census households, 18 affected households have been reported migrated one member and 21 households reported migrated two members to other places (Kathmandu, other district, India and abroad) to seek employment opportunity. (Table 30).

Table 30. Migration Trend of Displaced Households One Member Migrated Two Member Total VDCs HHs Migrated HHs No. % No. % No. % Manthali 3 33.33 6 66.67 9 23.08 Ramechhap 15 50.00 15 50.00 30 76.92 Total 18 46.15 21 53.85 39 100.00 Source: Census Survey, March 2012

9. Gender Status and Drudgery 61. As indicated by the outcomes of social consultation, collectively female's status in the sampled households has been found to be lower than the male family members. Most of the female in the sampled households, as in other rural area of the country are mainly responsible for caring and bearing children, and overall management of day to day household activities including farm work. Findings of the survey data shows, about 17.77 % females of the sampled households are illiterate (Table 27), and about 66.36% female are involved in agriculture and farm labour (Table 29). Based on discussion with the women family members of the interviewed households and local communities some of the other factors creating hardship to the females in the Subproject location are: lack or insufficient maternity and childcare services in their immediate reach, and practice of alcoholisms and gambling among the male family members. The following Table shows the female involvement in different activities.

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Table 31. Gender Role in Displaced Households Equal Low High Involvement S.N. Activities Involvement Involvement Male Female Male Female Male Female 1 Agricultural Activities 10 18 105 105 13 10 2 Household Activities 3 55 92 92 43 3 3 Goods Buying and Selling 64 26 62 62 22 51 4 Decision Making 22 11 118 118 8 18 Total 99 110 377 377 86 82 Source: Census Survey, March 2012

10. Vulnerable Households 62. Of the total number of households interviewed, (164 HHs) is likely to have resettlement impact on their assets, 69 households have been reported to be vulnerable of different categories. Among them; women headed households number is 6, households with disabled members is 2, households headed by elderly persons is 21, below poverty level households is 19, households of ethnic occupational caste (dalit) is 4 and endangered group household is 1. Table 32 provides the breakdown of affected vulnerable households by type of vulnerable categories. List of Vulnerable by categories have been incorporated in Annex 9.

Table 32. Affected Households by Different Vulnerable Categories

Women Elderly Households Below Poverty Ethnic Headed Member Endangered S.N. VDC with Disable Level Occupational Total Househo Headed Groups Members Households [1] Caste lds Households 1 Manthali - - 2 9 1 1 13 2 Ramechhap 6 2 19 26 3 0 56 Total 6 2 21 35 4 1 69 Source: Census Survey, March 2012

11. Household Income and Poverty 63. Nepal is one of the poorest countries in the world. Most of the country’s population (above 80 %) lives in rural areas where poverty is more prevalent and sever. Poverty incidence in Nepal is high. 64. The 2010/11 Nepal Living Standard Survey (NLSS-III) shows that although poverty in Nepal has declined between 2003-04 and 2010-11, approximately one-fourth (25%) of Nepalese population are still below the national poverty line as of 2010-11. The rate of poverty reduction is lower in rural areas compared to urban areas. There is also evidence suggesting that the underprivileged social groups are the most impoverished. 65. There are a number of interlocking problems faced by the poor, which are also mutually reinforcing. The problems include, among others, low income and consumption, poor nutritional status, low educational attainment, low access to social and economic facilities and services, low access to economic opportunities, vulnerability to external shocks, and exclusion from economic, social and political processes. Therefore, Government of Nepal has considered access to road as one of the major sectoral approach to achieve the goal of poverty reduction. 66. Poverty in Nepal is defined in absolute term based on the requirement of minimum subsistence level rather than per capita income. Nepal Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS) has used Cost of Basic Needs (CBN) method for the estimation of poverty line based on current prices per person per year. Poverty is calculated based on the average annual household income and its

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adequacy to meet the minimum subsistence needs of the family members. The Method used by CBS to determine the cost for minimum subsistence level is included in Box 1. Box 1: Criteria to Estimate Below Poverty Line

- The per capita per day nutritional requirements for the average Nepali is determined.

The Estimated requirement was 2,220 kcl per person per day

- Then the cost of a bundle of food items to provide this nutritional requirement is calculated. The cost was NRs. 11,929 in 2010-11. - Finally the non-food consumption of the households is determined, costed and added with the cost of the food bundle. The non-food consumption was NRs. 7,332 per person per year in the year 2010-11.

- Based on the above calculation the official poverty line of Nepal was estimated as NRs. 19,261 by CBS in 2010-11 Source: Nepal Living Standars Survey, GoN, Central Bureau of Statistics, 2011

67. CBS Source:has calculated Nepal Living the povertyStandars line Survey, once GoN, in 1995 Central-96 Bureauand another of Statistics, in 2003 2004-2004 and 2010- 11. In 2010-2011 CBS has calculated the poverty line for six geographical locations (Kathmandu, Other Urban Area, Rural Western Hill, Rural Eastern Hill, Rural Western Terai and Rural Eastern Terai) besides the national poverty line. Table 33 provide details on poverty lines calculated by CBS by different geographical location for 2003-04 and 2010-11.

Table 33. Poverty Line in Current Prices Per Person Per Year Poverty Line Calculated in Poverty Line Calculated in 2010-11 Geographical 2003-04 S.N. Locations Non-Food Non-Food Food Item Total Food Item Total Item Item 11056. 1. Kathmandu 6,722.0 4334.8 14,610 26,323 40,933 8 2. Other Urban 4,919.2 2981.9 7901.1 11,744 8,081 20,355 Rural Western 3. 5,613.0 3,288.5 8,901.5 12,537 5,891 18,428 Hill 4. Rural Eastern Hill 5,211.2 2758.5 8069.6 12,297 4,254 16,551 Rural Eastern 5. 4,323.2 1,755.6 6,078.8 11,333 5,524 16,856 Terai All Nepal 4,966.4 2,729.4 7,695.7 11,929 7,332 19,261 Source: Poverty Trend in Nepal (2003-04 and 2010-11), Central Bureau of statistics 68. As shown in Table 33 above National poverty line calculated by CBS is NRs. 7695.70 per person per year in 2003-04, where as it has gone up to NRs 19,261 based on the Basic Minimum Need (BMN) required for the minimum subsistence of an individual. This means that any household having per capita income less than NRs. 19,261 required to meet BMN of the family member is considered Below Poverty Level (BPL) households.

12. Average Annual Income and Poverty Status of Census Households 69. In line with the CBS criteria, average annual household income of the sampled households has been assessed in order to estimate the number of BPL households. Agricultural Products (both selling and consumption) has been reported as the main source of earning of census households. The other sources of income of the census households are service (15.7%) followed by livestock selling, rent/pension, trade and business, foreign employment, livestock products and labour. 70.

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Table 34. Average Annual Household Incomes

Total No of Respondent Avg Income Source of Income Amount Household Percentage Amount Percentage

Income form Cash Income 1,360,320.00 67 13.5 20,303.28 2.2 Agricultural Cash Income Converted 2,628,700.00 145 29.2 18,128.97 2.0 Products form Comsumption Livestock Selling 1,364,300.00 67 13.5 20,362.69 2.2 Livestock Products 442,680.00 16 3.2 27,667.50 3.0 Service 14,634,500.00 78 15.7 187,621.79 20.6 Labour 578,500.00 16 3.2 36,156.25 4.0 Trade/Business 10,449,100.00 43 8.7 243,002.33 26.7 Foreign Employment 4,743,500.00 17 3.4 279,029.41 30.7 Rent/Pension * Others 3,741,100.00 48 9.7 77,939.58 8.6 Total 39,942,700.00 497 910,211.80 Source: Census Survey, March 2012 71. Based on the CBS criteria of consumption requirement for minimum subsistence, none of the sampled households (20 HHs) selected for socio-economic study of the households in the Subproject location) along the road corridor have been identified falling under the below poverty line.7

D. Socio-Economic Profile of Indigenous People’s Displaced Households 72. As per the inventory, out of 192 households going to to displaced due to the Subproject, only 14 IP households with 73 populations are going to be displaced. The proportion of displaced IP households is about 8.5% of the total affected households. The major ethnic groups of the project-affected households along the road alignment are Bhujel (n-6) households, followed by Tamang (n-4), Magar (n-2) Rai (n-1) Endangered Group Hayu (n-1) households respectively. (see Table 35).

Table 35. Household and Population Distribution of Displaced Indigenous People

No of Population VDC Ethnicity/Caste % HHs Male % Female % Total Endanger 1 7.14 5 6.85 2 2.74 7 Group Bhujel 1 7.14 2 2.74 2 2.74 4 Manthali Magar 1 7.14 3 4.11 4 5.48 7 Rai 1 7.14 2 2.74 5 6.85 7 Tamang 4 28.57 10 13.70 9 12.33 19 Bhujel 5 35.71 10 13.70 11 15.07 21 Ramechap Magar 1 7.14 4 5.48 4 5.48 8 Total 14 100.00 36 49.32 37 50.68 73

7 The poverty status was calculated based on the national poverty line estimated by the CBS Nepal. While calculating the poverty status, first of all, the average annual household income was calculated. After this, the poverty line was measured by converting the average household income into per capita income required for BMN based on the average family size. Then the households having per capita less than NRs. 13,230 was determined as below poverty households.

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Source: Census Survey, March 2012

1. Displaced Indigenous Person by Gender and Age 73. Of the total displaced IP households, the proportion of economically active age groups is 64.38% followed by aged persons (4.11%), age group of 5-15 years (23.29%), and under five children (8.22%). Details of displaced persons by gender and age group are summarized in Table 36.

Table 36. Population Distribution of Displaced Indigenous People by Age Less than 5 More than 60 Caste/Ethnicity 5-15 Year 15-60 Year Years Year Total

No. % No. % No. % No. % Endangered 2 2.74 9 12.33 12 16.44 2 2.74 25 Group Bhujel 0 0.00 2 2.74 5 6.85 0.00 7 Magar 1 1.37 1 1.37 12 16.44 1 1.37 15 Rai 1 1.37 2 2.74 4 5.48 0.00 7 Tamang 2 2.74 3 4.11 14 19.18 0.00 19 Total 6 8.22 17 23.29 47 64.38 3 4.11 73 Source: Census Survey, March 2012

2. Literacy Status of Indigenous People (IP) Displaced Population 74. The overall literacy status of Indigenous People Displaced Population reveals that 12.33 % (n-9) are illiterate and another same percent i.e. 12.33 % (n-9) can just able to read and write. However, the highest percent are similar in Class 1-5 and Class 6-10, 23.29% (n-17). The proportion of people obtaining higher education or above bachelor’s level has been found only 5.48%. The overall literacy status of IPs is also found satisfactory in comparison to the other non- IPs (Please refer Table 27). The below Table 39 provides the details on literacy status of Indigenous People (IP) Displaced Population.

Table 39. Literacy Status of Indigenous People (IP) Displaced Population More Less Can read Class Class SLC - Ethnicity/Caste Illiterate than than 5 Total and Write 1 – 5 6-10 10+2 Bachelor Years Endangered 1 0 4 1 1 0 0 7 Group Bhujel 4 5 7 4 3 0 2 25 Magar 2 2 2 6 2 0 1 15 Rai 0 0 1 4 1 0 1 7 Tamang 2 2 3 2 4 4 2 19 Total 9 9 17 17 11 4 6 73 Percentage 12.33 12.33 23.29 23.29 15.07 5.48 8.22 100.00 Source: Census Survey, March 2012

3. Occupational Status of Displaced Population of Indigenous People 75. Altogether 54.79% of the economically active displaced IP population is engaged in agriculture followed by business (10.96 %), service (12.33%) wage labour (5.48%), respectively. The occupational status of the IP population have also found more or less same to other non-IP

25 population in the Subproject alignment. The following (Table 40) provides the details of the occupational status of displaced population of IP.

Table 40. Occupational Status of Displaced Population of Indigenous People

Less Agricultur Busin Hous No Ethnicity/ Caste Services Wages than 5 Total e ess e Wife Work Years

19 4 2 25 Bhujel Endangered 5 1 1 7 Group 5 4 2 2 1 1 15 Magar 4 2 1 7 Rai 7 4 2 1 3 2 19 Tamang Total 40 9 8 4 5 1 6 73 Percentage 54.79 12.33 10.96 5.48 6.85 1.37 8.22 100.00 Source: Census Survey, March 2012

4. Land Holding Size of Displaced Household of Indigenous People 76. As the census data shows, 28.57% (n-4) affected interviewed Indigenous People households have been found owning less than 0.1ha, followed by 35.71% (n-5) owning 0.1ha to 0.5ha of land, 21.43% (n-39) owning 0.5ha to 1ha of land, and 21.43% (n-3) owning more than 2ha of land respectively. The below table indicates majority of displaced IP households have been owning 0.1ha to 0.5ha of land. All the interviewed households of IP have been reported owning private land and none of them is landless. Table 41 shows the landholding pattern of displaced households.

Table 42. Land Holding Size of Displaced Household of Indigenous People 0.1ha - 0.5 0.5 ha - 1 1ha - More Ethnicity/Caste < 0.1 ha Total ha ha 2ha than 2 ha Bhujel - 4 1 - 1 6 Endangered Group - - 1 - - 1 Magar 1 = = - 1 2 Rai 1 = - - - 1 Tamang 2 1 1 - - 4 Total 4 5 3 0 2 14 Percentage 28.57 35.71 21.43 0.00 14.29 100.00 Source: Census Survey, March 2012

5. Annual Income of Displaced Household of Indigenous People 77. In line with the CBS criteria, average annual household income of the census households have been assessed in order to estimate the number of BPL households. Based on the per capita per person of the Indigenous People’s household, trade/business (72.3%)_ has been reported as the main source of earning of census households. The other sources of income of the census households are foreign employment (13.4%) followed by services (,6.9%) rent/pension*others (2.5%) agriculture products (0.8%), agricultural consumption (0.7%), livestock selling (0.5%) respectively.The following Table 43 provides the detail of annual income of displaced households of indigenous people.

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Table 43. Annual Income of Displaced Household of Indigenous People

Total No of Respond Avg Income Source of Income Amount Household Percentage Amount Percentage Agricultural Products 12,000.00 1 2.6 12,000.00 0.8 (Cash Income) Agricultural 114,390.00 11 28.9 10,399.09 0.7 comsumption Livestock Selling 47,200.00 7 18.4 6,742.86 0.5 Services 823,000.00 8 21.1 102,875.00 6.9 Labour 174,500.00 4 10.5 43,625.00 2.9 Trade/Business 5,388,500.00 5 13.2 1,077,700.00 72.3 Foreign Employeement 200,000.00 1 2.6 200,000.00 13.4 Rent/Pension * Othera 37,500.00 1 2.6 37,500.00 2.5 Total 6,797,090.00 38 1,490,841.95

Source: Census Survey, March 2012

E. Extent of Impact on the Structures of IP Households and Relocation Scope 78. The affected structures of the displaced IP households are temporary or semi-permanent type in terms of material used. All of these structures are situated along the corridor of existing alignment and likely to have completely loss. However, the displaced IPs may not require to be relocated in other places due to acquisition impacts. Based on the findings of census survey, of the total area of affected land parcels the displace IP households likely to lose only some portion of their private land with left over. In this sense, the displaced IP households themselves have available options for shifting their affected structures either in the remaining portion of their affected private land or their another private land parcel in the same area. 79. The total displaced IP household as reported in the census survey is found 14 households with 77 population along the Subproject alignment. Among them, 13 households have impact on land only and 1 household of Tamang has impacts on both land and structure. The structure which is likely to be affected has also partial impact.

Table 44. Intensity in the private assets of Displaced IP Household IV. S. V. Type of Affected Assets VI. HHs No 1 Land Only 13 2 Land With Structure 1 Total 14 Source: Census Survey, March 2012 80. As the subproject will not lead to any adverse impacts on the identity, culture and customary livelihoods of the IPs and as the displaced IP households have their own private land in the same location it may not required preparing separate Indigenous People Plan (IPP) for the physical and socio-economic rehabilitation of the displaced IP household. Similarly, the acquisition impact also not likely to affect on their culture, life style, and existing identity as:  The displaced IP households do not have any collective attachment to geographically distinct habitats or ancestral territories in the project area, and belong, in all respects, to the wider communities residing in the country, with whom they share family relations as well as cultural ties.

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 They have no customary cultural, economic, social, or political institutions that are separate them from those of the dominant society and culture.  Although some of the indigenous/ethnic groups have their own language and cultural traits collectively they share common national culture and festivals.  They use Nepali language as the common tongue and share the similar social norms and value with other non-IPs in the area. 81. Based on the socioeconomic information of the displaced households, the IP also do not have any indigenous ancestral land, forests, water, wildlife, and other natural resources for their livelihood; and they have not been following the traditional occupations like hunting, fishing, etc. Rather with some minor variance they have been found sharing same socio-economic opportunities with other non-IP households having almost similar socio-economic indicator similar to other displaced non-IP households in terms of literacy and degree of education attainment, involvement on different occupations, and land holding status (Table 45).

Table 45. Comparative Key Socioeconomic Indicators of IP and All Displaced Households A. On Literacy and Educational Attainment Proportion of Displaced Proportion of all Displaced S.N. Indicators IP HHs HHs 1 Illiterate 12.33 17.77 2 Can read and write 12.33 16.75 3 Class 1-5 23.29 14.47 4 Class 6-10 23.29 21.07 5 SLC +2 15.07 19.29 6 More than Bachelor 5.48 6.09 7 Masters and above - - B. On Occupational Status 1 Agriculture 54.79 44.35 2 Service 12.33 29.44 3 Business 10.96 17.44 4 Wage Labour 5.48 2.22 Foreign 5 Employment - 2.62 6 House Wife 6.85 - 7 No work 1.7 - 8 Disable - - 9 Other - 3.63 Not involved in any 10 occupation - - C. On Land Holding Size 1 < 1ha 28.75 17.07 2 0.1 ha-0.5 ha 35.71 39..02 3 0.5-1 ha 21.43 26.22 4 1ha-2 ha - 14.02 5 > 2 ha 14.29 3.66 D. On Average Annual Income Average Annual Income based on 1490841.95 910,211.80 1 last year

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82. In addition to the compensation for the loss of assets, the entitlement matrix of the RP, the displaced IP households requiring shifting/relocation will also be paid two months local agricultural wage for rebuilding/rehabilitation of structures plus transport allowance to cover the cost for moving structures including load-offload cost. The vulnerable squatters will also be paid for the loss of structures and transport allowance but they will not be eligible for the loss of land. Similarly, the renters/tenants of the affected commercial and residential/commercial structures will be provided one month's rental financial assistance for moving to alternative premise for reestablishing their home/business plus transfer allowance to cover the cost of shifting. For the DPs requiring shifting/relocation, the entitlement matrix also provisions; (i) a total of 90 days wage rate plus cash assistance equivalent to NRs. 10, 000 per displaced IP households for shifting and restarting their livelihood [EM: B-4 (a & b), and EM: B9 (a & b)], (ii) skill development training according to the choices of DPs through the Supervision Consultant equivalent to NRs. 8000 per family [EM: B-4 (c) & EM: B-5 (c)], and (iii)scope of temporary employment through contractor in the construction phase [EM: B-4 (d) 8 EM: B-5 (d)].

F. Community Perception and Key Issues Raised 83. The communities along the road corridor have been found quite positive towards the proposed road improvement program. Most of them were found aware about the benefits of proposed Subproject for: (i) immediate access to reliable transport facilities for their mobility to the district headquarter and other part of the district, (ii) enhancing economic activities in the area, and (iii) creating employment opportunities to the local people. Nevertheless, the local communities also shared some of their key concerns /questions on local social issues related to the proposed project. Some of the key issues raised by the local communities and suggested measures to address them are briefly described as follows (Table 46).

Table 46. Key Social Issues Related to the Subproject and Suggested Measures S.N. Issues Raised Suggested Measures

1 Whether the road will be constructed  The widening and improvement activities in the existing alignment or need to be carried out along the existing constructed by acquiring new land? alignment to minimize the acquisition impacts 2 Construction of road may also cause  Department of Roads need to coordinate loss of community forest along the with the District Forest Office and forest existing road due to acquisition of users groups at the local level in order to additional land and use of firewood mitigate/manage the likely loss of for construction activities and labors community forests involved in the construction work 3 A community building, its compound  All the efforts need to be made to protect wall, and two public resting place the community building, temple and (Chautaras) located along the side public resting places of existing road near the chainage 10+525 likely to be affected. The Shiva Mandir (temple) located along the road side in the same chanage also to be protected it from likely damage due to vibration during construction phase and increase in vehicle movement in post construction phase 4 Other benefits to the local  Local communities and organizations to communities be involved in information awareness and social development program (e.g. HIV/AIDS, livelihood improvement

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S.N. Issues Raised Suggested Measures

1 Whether the road will be constructed  The widening and improvement activities in the existing alignment or need to be carried out along the existing constructed by acquiring new land? alignment to minimize the acquisition impacts program etc) to be carried out under the project and interested persons should to be given opportunities for the employment in construction activities 5 Program directly benefiting to  The project needs to carry out women and children to be information and awareness program on incorporated in the community road accident and safety to the different development program to be carried target groups (including women and out under the project schoolchildren). Similarly, such information and awareness raising program also need to incorporate contents related to the social evils (such as gamble, alcoholism, child labour, prostitution, HIV/AIDs etc), and used of alternative energy (e.g. smoke free ovens known as "Dhuwan Rahit Chulho" for better cooking environment inside the house Source: Cenus Survey, March 2012

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IV. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION

A. Consultation and Review 84. While updating this Resettlement Plan (RP)series of formal and informal consultations and meetings were carried out with relevant stakeholders at different levels (e.g. DoR officials at central and district level, team members of TPPF Consultant,displaced persons including the local community and other relevant agencies at Subproject district). Such consultation and participations with the stakeholders were mainly focused on sharing information and knowledge about he project and its activities for updating the RP. The consultation and participation activities carried out for updating the RP is based in a conceptual framework (Table 47).

Table 47. Conceptual Framework for Stakeholder Consultation

Key Purpose Method Stakeholders Central Level  To seek advise and to share  Frequent formal/informal issues and progress related to the meetings and correspondence project tasks with the DoR, Project Directorate (ADB) officials, and team members of TPPF consultants and other relevant agencies to share progress and issues related to the RP. District Level Among other consultation and  Official letter and formal and Line Agencies disclosure with the district level informal meeting with district level agencies were carried for different stakeholders (e.g. officials of land purposes which also include: measurement and land revenue  To disseminate project related office, district land survey office, information and technical and district administration office, and resettlement activities to be carried other relevant district level out in the detail design phase agencies  Discuss with the representative of district level agencies (CDO, representatives of District Land Revenue Office, District Land Survey Office etc)  To assess the available width of road in field situation  To assess information on religious/cultural/historical/ community assets in the project location  To asses the availability of Government (Ailani) land that may not require to compensate  To collect district land price  To verify the land owner of the affected plots.  To collect cadastral maps related to the subproject road.  To identify the road alignement in the cadastral map and affected area.  To collect other relevant secondary information

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Key Purpose Method Stakeholders Local i. Disclosure:  Group meetings/consultation, Communities  Information dissemination about individual meeting/sharing with and Project the project, the local communities, family Affected  Inform DPs and local community members of displaced Households about the technical and households, local leader, school resettlement activities to be carried teachers, local business men, out under the detail design phase, displaced women and vulnerable groups ii. Consultation and Meetings:  Interview with the family members  Socio-economic information of the of the sampled households project affected families through socio-economic questionnaire and group Local discussion with DPs and local Communities communities at different places and Project Affected  Census of DPs and information of  Listing of the households and Households their affected assets detail inventory of affected assets after ploting the road in cadstral map.  Interview of the family members of affected households through census questionnaires  Use if appropriate inventories to record the affected assets by DPs

B. The Stakeholders 85. ADB guidelines suggest to consult stakeholders at different level for ensuring their participation on decision-making and RP preparation/implementation. In line with the ADB guidelines, stakeholders at different levels were consulted throughout the RP updating process. Some of the key objectives of stakeholder consultation are: . Assess information related to the project and associated resettlement issues; . Assess concerns of relevant stakeholders, . Ensure stakeholders involvement in RP preparation process, and . Solicit stakeholders suggestions for a meaningful resettlement planning document 86. The key stakeholders consulted in the course of preparing this RP are; (i) officials at DoR, and Project Directorate (ADB) at central level; and (ii) Officials of DoR Divisional Office, District Land Survey Office (DLSO), District Land Revenue Office (DLRO), District Development Committee, District Administration Office (DAO). Similarly, local community, DPs and their family members, local leaders, VDC representatives, and other key persons were also consulted at the Subproject location.

C. Public Consultation and Disclosure 87. The public consultation and disclosure activities were mainly focused to the local communities and DPs at different location across the road alignment. The disclosure about the project activities were carried out to inform the DPs, local community and other relevant agencies , its impact and measures to be adopted by the project for mitigating the negative impact and enhancing positive impacts. Another part of the disclosure was to answer questions raised by the communities including DPs with regard to the project its activities and impacts. With a view to maintain, consistencies on the contents of response, an outline on agenda and approach of public consultation was conceptualized in advance (Table 48). Collectively, most of the agenda discussed during the public consultation were related to compensation provision and its rate. The consulted people were informed about different aspects of the projects and likely resettlement

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impacts and mitigation measures. They were also informed about the (i) process of assessing resettlement impacts at detail design, (ii) process of compensation determination in accordance to the Land Acquisition Act 1977 and provisions of compensation and other assistance made in the entitlement matrix. The stakeholders involved in community consultation were, local community, DPs and their family members, local representatives of political parties, schoolteachers, businesspersons, women, and vulnerable groups.

Table 48. Agenda and Approaches of Public Consultation Agenda Approaches Introduction  Introduction of the field study team Information dessimination  Information about the project, detail study and its about the project and objectives purpose of resettlement and  Reasons of conducting census survey of the DPs socioeconomic survey and their affected assets and socioeconomic surveys Resettlement scope of the  Scope of resettlement impacts of the projects due Subproject road to the Subproject impact

Measures under taken to  provision as per the prevailing Land Acquisition address the unavoidable Act 1977 on compensations, acquisition, and resettlement impacts resettlement  Information about the legal provision of determining compensation rate by Compensation Determination Committee (CDC) to be formed under the Land Acquisition Act 1997 Activities carried out by field  Process of listing the households going to be study team affected, and their assets followed by interview with respective family members  Method of collecting socio-economic information from sample households in the project location  Measurement method of affected structures and recording of ownership status on inventories  Process of finalizing resettlement planning document after detail design Group/individual discussion  Type of households in the area (e.g. with DPs, local community, and indigenous/ethnic, dalits and other vulnerable other local stakeholders on key households like; single women headed issues related to resettlement households, disabled members, elderly people, relatively poor households etc  Type of Ownership of land (private, Government, (Ailani), forest, religious/cultural/community etc) in the subproject area, major crops grown etc  Types of displaced households (e.g. titleholders, tenants, sharecroppers, official tenants, agriculture, encroachers etc)  Type of structures ownership in the are (e.g. titleholders, squatters, encroachers, land less etc)  Major economic activities in the area, perception about the proposed project, willingness to support

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Agenda Approaches the project activities, women's issues and drudgery, Sexually transmitted Infections (STI) and HIV/AIDS, human and drug trafficking, gamble and alcoholism, potential benefits of the proposed project etc

Response to be made on the questions raised by the local communities and DPs

D. Findings of the Public Consultation and Issues Discusses 88. The Public consultation with the stakeholders have been found effective on the following issues: (i) disseminating project related information to the local communities, DPs, and other stakeholders, (ii) informing about the likely resettlement impacts and measures to be adopted to avoid/minimize such impacts, (iii) to inform about the provision and process of acquisition, compensation, rehabilitation and relocation (as applicable). The public consultation meeting was fruitful on assessing local communities' perception, expectation, and suggestions related to the project. Collectively, the result of stakeholder consultation was found to be positive. Some of the key focus and feedback from the community have been summarized in Table 49.

Table 49. Key Focus and Feedbacks of Community Consultation Focuses Feedbacks  On ensuring the  Responsible staff and team willing to stay in the field accountability of census having adequate knowledge about the social and data of affected assets and resettlement issues in the rural context need to be DPs, and effective RP mobilized to implement RP implementation  The verification of RP need to be carried out with the presence of relevant representatives (land surveyor, resettlement specialist of the project, engineers, local communities and DPs)  Information on the absentee DPs and their affected assets should also be included during the RP implementation  On protecting community  Adequate efforts need to be made during the resources (like; community construction phase to protect the community building, temple, and public building, Shiva Mandir (temple) and public resting resting places (chautaras), places (chautaras) located near Bhangeri at drinking water supply, Ramechhap VDC. irrigation canal etc )  Protection of paddy land  The under construction bridge and proposed road due to construction of might have impacts on the paddy land near the Bridge and Road at confluence between Simle and Sukhajor river need confluence between Simle to be taken into account for protection works during and Sukhajor river construction phase.  On ensuring effective  Local communities including DPs/ community based compensation distribution organization/non-governmental organization and local land surveyor need to be involved for effective implementation of resettlement activities

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E. Key Issues Raised During Social Consultation 89. The feedback of social consultation as summarized in above table is based on the issues discussed with the local people and DPs. The synopsis on the issues raised by local community and DPs involved in consultation and the response made is briefed in the following consultation matrix (Table 50). Issues raised in the consultation by local people have also been included in Annex 4 for reference.

Table 50. Social Consultation Matrix

Answers Given Questions/Issues Name of VDC/Municip Consulted /Measures adopted in Raised and Place ality Persons RP to Address the Discussed Issues  Who will pay  Compensation for compensation for the affected land and affected land and what other assets will be

will be the rate? paid by the

 The project needs to Government and the determine the existing compensation rate width of road in will be fixed by Compensation collaboration with the DDC, and other Determination

stakeholders including Committee (CDC) to the local people. This be formed under the will help to reduce chairmanship of the Chief District Officer Babiyo Ramechhap Male : 27 conflict associated with acquisition and (CDO) Kharka VDC Female : 2 compensation  After the detail Ward No. 2  The project should be design, the sensitive on changing resettlement team in the alignment upon close consultation the request from with the DDC, District different sources. This Land Survey Office, sort of practice may Land Revenue Office, led the local other stakeholders community to put including local pressure either to community delineate avoid or acquire their the available land land depending upon area for the road and the benefit or loss they determine additional may likely to have due area to be acquired to alignment change.  Generally, alignment will not be changed without any serious technical and other reasons  A community building  The project will made and a Shiva Mandir all the efforts to located at chainage protect such 10+525 need to be community Ramechhap, protected while structures. If not, they Male :19 constructing the road. will be shifted, Bhangeri Ward No. 4 Female : 0 rehabilitated or  There are three community forests compensated by the across the proposed project alignment;  The project will Babiyokharka coordinate with the Community Forest, District Forest Office

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Answers Given Questions/Issues Name of VDC/Municip Consulted /Measures adopted in Raised and Place ality Persons RP to Address the Discussed Issues Kaatikepakha and Users Group of Community Forest, in case of impact on and Taukepakha community forests. Community Forest. The road project need to coordinate with the community forest groups

F. Scope of Further Consultation 90. Several additional rounds of consultations with the relevant stakeholders (district level agencies, local communities, DPs and other agencies) will be carried out in construction phase. Such consultation will carry out in collaboration with the relevant agencies (local level agencies, local communities, DPs, including vulnerable groups) as needed. These will be carried out in the course of project implementation. The entitlement matrix will be translated in the Nepali language which will be distributed to all the displaced persons. These will also be read out during the consultations. Some of the key activities requiring further consultation in RP processing are related to: . Disseminating information on the matters related to RP implementation; . Updating the list of Displaced Persons (DPs) in accordance to the changes made on technical design and to incorporate information from the absentees; . Identification of underlying practical issues and appropriate mitigation measures related to acquisition and compensation; . Delineation of the extent of impact on affected assets; . Supporting CDC to negotiate compensation rate; . Informing the schedule and process of compensation distribution; . Updating and preparing the records of affected assets; . Ensuring local communities and DPs representation on grievance readdress process, . Resolving the grievances; . Distributing compensation; . Relocating, readjusting and evacuation of acquired area; . Pursuing resettlement/rehabilitation/income restoration/ conducting livelihood improvement activities;

G. Disclosure of RP 91. The project Implement Unit (PIU) will carry out following disclosure activities in order to ensure transparency and active involvement of DPs and other relevant stakeholders in resettlement planning and implementation process: . The updated resettlement plan with summary in Nepali will be uploaded in the website of Executing Agency (EA) and updated in accordance to revision; and . A copy of approved RP will be officially submitted to ADB to upload in ADB web. . A summary updated resettlement plan (translated into Nepal language) will be disclosed to the DPs, local community and other relevant agencies at project district during the implementation once it get finalized.

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V. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM

A. General 92. The project affected persons have formal recourse to the Chief District Officer and Ministry of Home Affairs in case of grievance under regulations specified under the Land Acquisition Act 2034 (1977). Further, the Sub project will set up a Grievance Redress Committee in the district and a Grievance Redress Sub-Committee at VDC level to hear complaints. Owners feeling unfairly pressurized into involuntary resettlement can complain to the official Grievance Redress Committee. A grievance process has been established in which DPs who are not satisfied with that compensation, replacement of lost assets and livelihoods and allowances due to them have been fairly provided are able to seek redress and to make a formal complaint. Box 2. Box 2: Some Anticipated Grievance

. Displaced persons not listed in the entitled persons list, . Information on affected assets and extent of impact not recorded properly, . Inadequate or improper compensation provision not matching to entitlement matrix, . Disputes related to the ownership or authenticity of the submitted ownership documents . Dispute on compensating the affected assets having joint ownership, . Dispute related to variance on compensation rate for similar losses, . Dispute on getting compensation or mode of rehabilitating community assets, and so on . Dispute about the family member's share (also called Ansa in Nepali) over the affected assets

93. Land Acquisition Act, 1977, through its Clause 11 (sub clause 1,2,3,4) provisions to submit grievance by Displaced Persons (DPs), if unsatisfied with land acquisition process. Similarly, Clause 18 (sub-clause 1,2,3) of the Act provisions for filing or representing the case by DPs to the CDO and raise objection against acquisition or compensation fixed for the acquired assets by a notice to the Ministry of Home Affairs (MoHA). In this sense, several grievances may likely to rise in RP implementation causing delay on the progress on compensation distribution. Formation of GRC is the most to reduce the pressure of grievances and cut down the lengthy litigation. As stipulated in Clause 11 of the Land Acquisition Act 1977, Chief District Officer (CDO) is responsible to give decisions on all the grievances related to land acquisition and resettlement issues. In order the facilitate the process, the Project Manager (PM) will coordinate and support the CDO as a Member Secretary on forming a Grievance Redress Committee (GRC) and addressing the grievances.

B. Formation of Grievance Redress Committee 94. The PM in close coordination with CDO will form a GRC at Subproject level. The other members to be included in the committee are; PM as Member Secretary and representatives from the district level line agencies (District Land Revenue Office, District Land Measurement Office, Municipality or Village Development Committee, District Development Committee, District Agriculture Office, District Forest Office, and representative from other district level agencies, and other stakeholders as required). Similarly, Community Based Organizations (CBOs) in the districts, representatives of affected/ vulnerable households including women, local representatives (e.g. school teachers, health workers, business persons, local resource persons etc), local leaders and other relevant persons. Figure 3 provides a sample organization structure of the proposed GRC.

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Figure 3: Organizational Structure of GRC

Chief District Officer

Project Manager

Representatives of Line Representatives Independent Agencies including of CBOs/NGOs Representation of Municipality/VDC Affected households including Vulnerable Groups and Women

95. Subproject level committee. In order to facilitate the GRC on resolving grievances, Subproject Level Committees (SLCs) will be established at different locations as required. The SLCs will facilitate the GRC and DPs on redressing the grievances and timely distribution of compensation. Project-affected persons including DPs of the respective VDC/Municipality, local representatives of political parties, religious leaders, vulnerable groups, and local CBOs, and other stakeholders as applicable will represent the SLC. The SLC will play coordinating role between DPs and the GRC to minimize and address the grievances. The SLC will assist the Subproject Office/PM and Social/Resettlement Specialist of the Construction Supervision Consultant (CSC) on informing people about the likely resettlement impacts, provision of compensation and other assistance to the Displaced Persons (DPs), RP implementation and grievances redressing methods as well as to solicit their view on the RP implementation. The SLC will also be responsible to inform the GRC and resettlement specialist on the grievances likely to be raised by DPs, and to minimize them with the support of GRC and local people before formal submission to the GRC.

C. Operational Mechanism 96. Grievance Redress Committee (GRC) will meet regularly (at least twice in a month or as per the requirement) on a pre-fixed date. The GRC will take decisions withih a fortnight of the receipt of a complaint. The committee will thoroughly review the grievances submitted or expressed verbally by DPs and will assign the responsibilities to relevant agencies on implementing the decisions of the committee within 35 days. If the DPs, not satisfied from the decision of the GRC, will have their right to take the grievance up-to the Ministry of Home Affairs. 97. Failing the addressing of grievances at Subproject level will be referred to the Ministry of Home Affairs (MoHA). The MoHA normally require to make decision on a complaint within 15 days, unless further information is required, or unless the complaint has to be solved in a court of law (e.g. ownership disputes). An aggrieved person in free to approach the country’s legal syatem at any stage of the grievance redress process.The proposed grievance resolution procedure will be as shown in Figure 4 below:

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Figure 4: Grievance Resolution Steps and Process

Dissatisfied person/party submit the grievance

Grievance reported Grievance to SLC Resolved

If not, sent to PM to investigate with the Grievance assistance of Resettlement Specialist Resolved of CSC

If unresolved, referred to CDO for Grievance resolution Resolved

If unresolved again, referred to Home Ministry for Resolution

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VI. POLICY AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK

A. The Context 98. The government of Nepal has promulgated different laws and legislations for different sectors as prescribed by the constitution of Nepal. There are different laws interrelated to each other such as for construction of road there are independent acts like road act, forest act, land act and the property right mentioned in the constitution and some guidelines to be entertained for this RP. 99. The Interim Constitution of Nepal (2007) proclaims that the state shall give priority to the protection of environment, prevention of further damage due to physical development activities by increasing the awareness of the general public about environmental cleanliness, and suggesting preventive mitigation measures. 100. With respect to property rights: the constitution establishes property rights to every citizen of Nepal whereby every citizen is entitled to earn, use and sell, except for public welfare. The state will not acquire or obtain or exercise authority over individuals’ property the state will compensate for the loss of property specified specific acts. 101. Public Road Act 1974 prohibits the construction of permanent structures (buildings) in a defined distance from the rural road i.e. the road agency has the authority over everything within the Right of Way (RoW). The act makes provision for cases where the road projects temporarily require land and/or other properties during construction, rehabilitation and maintenance. A compensation fixation committee (CFC) determines compensation in case of loss of assets, business or production. 102. The act empowers DOR to acquire any land on temporary basis during construction and upgrading. The act does not provide for leasing of land. DoR required to pay compensation for any damages caused to buildings, crops and trees, where the farming activities of the landowner id interrupted, and where the landowner has to incur expansions to restore the land after its return. Compensation is determined between DOR and titleholder, or through mediation, involving officials from the relevant VDC and district. 103. Land Acquisition Act 1977, and its subsequent amendment in 1993 specify procedures of acquiring land and payment of compensation for such acquired land and other assets. The Act empowers Government to acquire any land, on the payment of compensation for public purposes or for the operation of any development project initiated by the Government institutions. The legal provision and practices ensure that people have right to get compensation for any type of losses due to development activities to safeguard the economic future of all Displaced Persons (DPs). Land Acquisition Act ensures assessment, valuation and compensation for any acquisition of private properties. 104. Land acquisition, compensation and resettlement in Nepal, is still considered as a project based activity. As there is lack of a single national level policy to deal on resettlement issues, it is mainly guided by Land Acquisition Act 1977, supported by other various sectoral Acts (e.g. Immovable Property Acquisition Act 1956, Land Reform Act 1963, Water Resources Act 1992, Electricity Act 1992/Rule 1993, Civil Aviation Authority Act 1997, Environmental Projection Act 1997 etc) as necessary. At present, infrastructures including roads, hydro-electricity, irrigation, civil aviation and industrial projects are some of the main sectors requiring land acquisition. Since eighties, development projects in Nepal have also been guided by the respective policies of several bilateral and multilateral funding agencies (like ADB and WB, GTZ, SDC) on case-to-case basis according to the need of projects. This practice contributed to result variations on entitling compensation and other assistances to the DPs for the losses of their assets. In consideration to such underlying issues and policy gaps, Government of Nepal has drafted a National Policy on Land Acquisition, Compensation and Resettlement in Development Projects in 2006 with the technical assistance of ADB TA 4422 NEP. However, the policy has yet to be approved. It is

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therefore, till now, Land Acquisition Act 1977 is the core document to guide on the matters related to resettlement in the country. The following subsections describe the legal frameworks for land acquisition based on Government Acts and ADB Safeguard Policy Statement (2009).

B. Land Acquisition Act 105. Highlights on some of the key resettlement and compensation provisions as stipulated in Land Acquisition Act 1977 have been briefly illustrated as follows: . Government can acquire land for any public purpose (Clause 3&4 of the Land Acquisition Act); . Land Acquisition Officer (LAO) shall be responsible to identify, survey, and notification to the concerned parties and other works related to acquisition (Clause 5&6); . The LAO shall determine the amount of compensation for the damaged property while conducting initial survey works (Clause 7); . Within 15 days after the preliminary actions, the LAO has to confirm the required land and submit other details of the required property to the Chief District Officer (CDO); . The CDO to publish public notification with details of the affected property after receiving the report of the preliminary activities (Clause 9); . Any grievances to disable land and property acquisition could be reported to Home Ministry within 7 days of public notification to CDO. Home Ministry is to decide on the grievances within 15 days as a capacity of district court (Clause 11); . Preliminary hearing of grievances/cases related to the Act shall be done by CDO. Appeal to such hearing could be made to the appeal court within 35 days (Clause 40); . Upon addressing the grievances CDO can hold the land for acquisition (Clause 12); The overall responsibilities of LAO, as provisioned in Land Acquisitions Act, is to prepare a detailed plan, however, the CDC is the final authority that determines all types of cost regarding the assets. LAO is an individual or team, and CDC is the body under whose direction he acts, and which evaluates, discusses, approves, improves or rejects the plan and recommendations of the LAO. . Compensation for the acquired land / property to be decided by a Compensation Determination Committee (CDC) comprising of Chief District Officer, Land Revenue Officer, Project Manager and representatives of the District Development Committee. The compensation to be paid in cash and separate compensation rates could be fixed for the partially affected land or completely affected land (Clause 13); . Official tenant to be paid compensation as per the prevailing laws (Clause 20); . Unpaid Government tax could be deducted from the compensation amount (Clause 21).

C. ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement,2009 106. ADB Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS) 2009 and Guidelines for Involuntary Resettlement is mandatory for all ADB assisted Projects to recognize and address the Resettlement and Rehabilitation (R&R) impacts of all the Displaced Persons (DPs) irrespective of their titles and requires for the preparation of an appropriate Resettlement Plan (RP) in the case where involuntary resettlement exists. ADB Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS) is the guiding rule to identify impacts and to plan measures for mitigating various losses likely to occur due to resettlement impacts. Some of the key provisions of ADB SPS and Guidelines on Involuntary Resettlement are: . Where Involuntary Resettlement (IR) is unavoidable, the impact should be minimized by exploring project and design alternatives; . Enhance or at least restore the livelihoods of all displaced persons in real terms relative to pre-project levels; . Improve the standards of living of the displaced poor and other vulnerable groups; . Gender analysis is required to identify related resettlement impacts and risks;

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. Resettlement Plans (RP) should be prepared in full consultation with Displaced Persons (DPs), host communities, and stakeholders; . Preference will be given to land-based resettlement for displaced persons whose livelihoods are land-based. However, if the land is not the preferred option or the land is not available at reasonable price, the DPs will be provided opportunities for employment, or self employment in the project works, in addition to the reasonable cash compensation for land and other assets lost; . Cash compensations for the loss of structures, other assets and incomes should be based on full replacement cost; . Absence of formal legal title to land or non-recognized or recognizable claims to such land by the Displaced Persons (DPs) should not be a bar to compensation; . The rate of compensation for land, structures and other assets should be calculated at full replacement cost on the basis of fair market value; transaction cost; interest accrued; transitional and restoration cost, and other applicable payments, if any. . All compensation payments and related activities must be completed prior to the commencement of the civil work; . Special attention to be paid to the needs of vulnerable groups especially those below the poverty line, the landless, the elderly, women and children and indigenous people and those without legal title to land.

D. Gaps between ADB and GON Resettlement Policy and Bridging Measures 107. Though apparently, both Land Acquisition Act 1977 and ADB Guidelines aims to ensure compensation to the DPs for the loss of properties and other assets, there are some differences on their entitlement provisions (Table 51):

Table 51. Key Policy Gaps and Bridging Measures

Measures Adopted in Key Policy Gaps ADB SPS (2009) Government Laws this RP Compensation All the compensation is Compensation rate will be  Provisions have Principle based on the principle of determined by CDC, been made for the replacement cost consisting of (i) CDO, (ii) replacement cost representative from DDC for the loss of land, (iii)Chief of Land houses/structures; Revenue Office (iv) subject to be Project Manager, (Land finalized by CDC. Acquisition Act Clause DPs are allowed to 13) take salvaged The Land Acquisition Act materials. 1977, also mention the  CDC will make final need of considering decision on the periodic circulations compensation rates issued by the GoN while after reviewing and fixing compensation for verification of the affected assets (Land affected assets Acquisition Act Clause 16) Focus to Focused on the poor and Apparently, the Land  Provisions have Vulnerable vulnerable group to avoid Acquisition Act 1977 does been made for future impoverishment not mention about this. income restoration and create new However, the Interim program and other

Constitution of Nepal financial through its Article 13  does not restrict to make  such provisions for

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Measures Adopted in Key Policy Gaps ADB SPS (2009) Government Laws this RP uplifting the vulnerable  Groups Opportunities groups (like; women,  Assistance dalits, indigenous/ethnic

people, Madhesi, poor farmers, land less labours, and other socially and economically disadvantaged groups including children and physically and mentally incapable persons)

Focus on Full respect for Apparently the LA Act  Provisions have indigeneous indigeneous peoples’ 1977 does not mention been made for people identity, dignity, human about this however the income rights, livelihood interim Constitution of restorations if the systems, and cultural Nepal through its IPs are uniqueness as defined Acticle 13 does not economically by the indigeneous restrict to make such vulnerable people themselves. provisions for uplifting ethnic/ indigeneous people

Compensation for Squatters/ vulnerable Do not consider  Provision have Non-titleholders encroachers/non- title squatters/ encroachers/ been made for holders are entitled to the non-titled land users for compensation to payment for affected compensation the vulnerable non-

structures/houses/ titleholders having business/crops, trees, affect on structures and other assistance Relocation All the eligible DPs LA Act Clause 16-2(ga)  Provision have Assistance including tenants, provisions to consider been made for the employees are entitled to extent of losses caused transitional receive financial due to relocation/shifting allowances, assistance to cover of Displaced people, transport physical and economical while fixing the allowances and displacement compensation rate (LA one time financial Act Clause 16-2(ga) assistance to the tenants, employees Income Income restoration Apparently, the Land  Provision have program such as training Acquisition Act 1977, do been made to

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Measures Adopted in Key Policy Gaps ADB SPS (2009) Government Laws this RP Restoration and other measures to not consider for income provide training and restore and improve the restoration. measures in the standard of living of the EM displaced households of those having more than 10 % of the total landholdings and income

E. Resettlement Principles and Assistance for the Proposed Project 108. Land Acquisition Act 1977, Clause 16 (a) stipulates to consider Government Guidelines, decisions, and circulations issued time to time with regard to valuation of assets and compensation determination. Accordingly, the resettlement principles adopted for this Subproject also recognizes both, the Land Acquisition Act 1977, and ADB Safeguard Policy Statement 2009 and Involuntary Resettlement Policy. In order to bridge the gaps between the Government and ADB Policies, the resettlement principles adopted in this project will provide compensation and resettlement assistance to all Displaced Persons (DPs) and their affected assets in accordance to Land Acquisition Act 1977 also considering other relevant Government Acts, policies and practices being adopted in the implemented and ongoing road projects. Based on the above policy features, the principles of R&R for this Project will entail the followings: . The negative impacts of the Project will be avoided or minimized as much as possible; . Where the negative impacts are unavoidable, the DPs will be assisted on improving or regaining their standard of living. Vulnerable groups will be identified and assisted to improve their standard of living; . Land replacement 8 /or cash compensation at replacement costs based on current market rate to the DPs subject to be fixed by CDC; . Cash compensation for all affected structures (residential/residential-cum commercial and other structures) affected by the project at replacement cost subject to be determined by CDC; . Assistance will be provided to the owners of structures and non-titleholders, who may incur loss of ability to maintain livelihood during relocation and resettlement; . Rehabilitation assistance i.e.; compensation for lost business and workdays (including employees) due to relocation and disruption of business enterprise; . Compensation and R&R assistance will be made in accordance with this policy before taking possession of the acquired lands and properties; . Appropriate mechanism will be established at the district as well as local level to ensure speedy resolution of grievance and disputes; . All activities related to resettlement planning, implementation, and monitoring will be ensured through involvement of women, other vulnerable and DPs.

F. Cut-off Date 109. In the case of land acquisition, the date of publication of preliminary notification for acquisition as provisioned by Land Acquisition Act 1977 will be treated as the cut-off date. For the non-titleholders such as squatters and encroachers, the cut-off date is the date of Project census completed for this RP (March, 2012)

8 There is also provision of land for land compensation to the DPs having complete loss of their land only if Government land is available in the area (Land Acquisition Act 1977, Clause 14)

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VII. ENTITLEMENTS ASSISTANCE AND BENEFITS

A. Entitlement Policy and Matrix 110. This chapter reviews the policy framework that applies to the project. Land Acquisition Act (LAA) 1977, compatible with the ADB Safeguard Policy Statement 2009, guides resettlement Plan (RP). According to The Land Acquisition Act 2034, if the Government of Nepal (GoN) or any party acquire portion of land of the public it should pay compensation or on the negotiation for public purposes and works. The RP provisions compensations to the DPs for all types of losses. In addition to the compensation for affected assets, the DPs will also receive other cash grants and resettlement assistance such as; shifting allowance, loss of workdays, income restoration, and additional financial assistance to the vulnerable DPs; such as household headed by women, disabled persons, ethnic groups, and household living below poverty level. The DPs under the project will be compensated at full replacement cost based on current market price to be determined by Compensation Determination Committee (CDC). The entitlement matrix (Table 52) provides details regarding the application of the principles, definition of entitled persons, and entitlements. Description on compensation provisions and other financial assistance made for different items are discussed in the following subsections based on the provisions made in the Entitlement Matrix (EM).

B. Compensations Provisions 111. Compensation for land acquisition. One time cash compensation to the DPs at replacement cost for the permanently acquired private land (homestead, agricultural lowland, agricultural upland, fallow land and others), in accordance to the provision in Land Acquisition Act 1977. In the Act, there is also option of land for land compensation only if, Government land is available in the area.9 Compensation for land will be given at local market value/replacement cost to be determined by CDC.10[Ref. EM: A- 1 (a, b, c)]. Permanent tenants/sharecroppers will receive 50 % cash compensation for the loss of tenancy due to acquisition of land. All the fees, taxes incurred in the relocation will be borne by the project.

C. Compensation for the Loss of Income Generating Assets

1. Loss of Income by Agricultural Crops, and Fruit and Non-fruit Trees 112. Cash compensation for the loss of agricultural crops at current market value of mature crops based on average production subject to be fixed by CDC [EM:B-1 (a & b)]. For the loss of fruit trees, compensation will be paid for the next 5 years average fruit production with the support of District Agriculture Office (DAO), if required [EM: B-1 (c&d)]. Similarly, the CDC may seek support from District Forest Office (DFO) while fixing compensation for other trees.

2. Loss of Business in the Affected Structures 113. One time lump-sum grant equivalent to minimum one-month's income based on nature of business and types of losses to be paid on case-to-case basis [EM: B-2 (a)].

3. Loss of Business Premises 114. One time cash assistance to the owners or renters equivalent to two months income based on the nature of business including shifting allowance on actual cost basis [EM: B-3 (a, b, & c)] .

9 Clause 14 of the Land Acquisition Act 1977 also provisions of land for land compensation, only if, Government land is available in the area. 10 Compensation Determination Committee (CDC) to be formed under the chair of Chief District Officer (CDO)

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D. Additional Assistance to Vulnerable Groups 115. Affected households having: (i) significant resettlement impacts, (ii) disabled member, (iii) household headed by women, (iv) Ethnic Occupational Caste ( Dalit) (v) endangered ethnic groups, (vi) Elderly Headed Household are considered as vulnerable in this RP. The entitlement matrix provisions cash compensation for such vulnerable households for 90 days wage rate plus cash assistance equivalent to NRs. 10,000 per households will be provided for restarting their livelihood [EM: B-4 (a & b), and EM: B5 (a & b)] .

E. Livelihood Assistance and Skill Development Training 116. Households having more than 10% loss of total holdings of agricultural land/income, complete loss of residential structures and vulnerable groups will be provided skill development training according to the choices of DPs and locally available training packages through the Supervision Consultant equivalent to NRs. 8000 per family. [EM: B-4 (c) & EM: B-5 (c)]

F. Temporary Employment in the Project 117. Displaced persons from vulnerable and significantly affected households will also be encouraged for temporary employment for semi-skilled and non-skilled works in the project through the contactors [EM: B-4 (d) EM: B-5 (d)].

G. Compensation for the Loss of Residential/Commercial Structures

1. Compensation for the Owners (titleholders/squatters/encroachers) 118. One time cash compensations for the affected structures used as residential, commercial and other utilities (e.g. toilet, well, cattle shed etc) will be paid to DPs at full replacement costs to be fixed by CDC at replacement value [EM: C-1 (a)]. The vulnerable squatters/encroachers will also be eligible to get assistance for the loss of structures/assets at full replacement costs [EM: C- 2 (a)]. Owners of the affected structures will be allowed to take/reuse all the salvageable materials for rebuilding/rehabilitation of the structures without any deduction from the compensation amount [EM: C-1 (b) & EM: C-2 (b)]. 119. In the cases of requiring rebuilding and rehabilitation, the DPs will be paid two months local agricultural wage for rebuilding/rehabilitation of structures plus transport allowance to cover the cost for moving structures including load-offload cost. The vulnerable squatters will also be paid for the loss of structures and transport allowance but they will not be eligible for the loss of land [EM: C-1 (c)].

2. Compensation for the Loss of Residential/Commercial Structures by Tenants 120. The renters/tenants of the affected residential/commercial structures will be provided one month's rental financial assistance for moving to alternative premise for reestablishing their home/business plus transfer allowance to cover the cost of shifting [EM: C-3 (a & b)].

H. Loss of Cultural & Community Structures/Land/Facilities 121. The religious/cultural/community structures affected due to acquisition and construction activities will be constructed/rehabilited or provided cash compensation to the recognized patron/custodian [EM: C-4].

I. Unanticipated Adverse Impacts 122. Any unanticipated consequences of the project during and after the implementation phase will be dealt by the Project Implementation Unit (PIU) in accordance to the principles of the Entitlement Matrix.

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J. Relocation and Income Restoration 123. Relocation of households losing structures. The resettlement impact of the proposed Subproject is mainly concentrated on agricultural land and few structures and the acquisition will be limited within eight meter's Corridor of Impact (CoI). Therefore, the magnitude of impact is anticipated to be low; thus, may not require relocation. Most of the households likely to lose only small strips of land and will have options of relocating their structure in the remaining land occupied by themselves. The titleholders will be paid compensation for the losses of their land and structures. The non-titleholders will also be paid compensation for the loss of their structures as per the Government norms and this will enable them to relocate in the place of their choice. The displaced persons, in addition to the compensation will receive all benefits as mentioned in the entitlement matrix. Consultation with affected households revealed that they would opt for self- relocation and would require the Government to pay compensation at replacement value for their affected assets.

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Table 52. Entitlement Matrix

Item Type of Result in Application Definition of DP Entitlements Responsibility No Losses Action Loss of Land A-1 Loss of Additional Person(s) with a) Cash compensation based on replacement cost Compensation DoR and CDO agricultural/ land and land records b) Subject to the availability of land, Displaced Persons for lost assets residential/ other assets verifying (DPs) may opt for replacement land of a similar commercial required for ownership productive quality and location instead of cash land by construction compensation landowners and c) All fees, taxes and other charges as applicable under improvement the relevant laws, incurred in the relocation and works beyond resource establishment are to be borne by the project the existing road

A-2 Loss of land Land Person(s) with a) Contractors to negotiate a contract agreement on the Compensation DoR /CDC/SC/ temporarily for acquired land records rental rate with the owner for temporary acquisition of for temporary Contractor the use of temporarily verifying land loss of assets contractors by ownership b) Project and the contractor to ensure that persons other during contractors than the owner affected as a result of temporary construction acquisition are compensated for the temporary period c) Land should be returned to the owner at the end of temporary acquisition period, and restored to its original condition or improved as agreed with the DP.

Loss of Income Generating Assets

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Item Type of Result in Application Definition of DP Entitlements Responsibility No Losses Action B-1 Loss of Land Owner of crops or a) Advance notice of 1 month to be provided to DPs to Cash income DoR, CDO agricultural purchased or trees (includes harvest their crops for lost crops, and reclaimed for crops /trees b) Cash compensation for loss of agricultural crops at crops/trees fodder trees, road owned by current market value of mature crops, based on furit trees and purposes encroachers/ average production timber trees by squatters) c) Compensation for loss of fruit bearing trees for average owner fruit production for next 15 years to be computed at current market value d) Compensation for loss of wood-trees at current market value of wood (timber or firewood, as the case may be) B-2 Loss of income Business Owner of business a) One-time lump sum grant; minimum one-month’s Short-term DoR, CDO and by structure adversely / business tenants income based on the nature of business and type of compensation Supervision owner / tenants affected by losses assessed on a case-to-case basis for loss of Consultant for conducting road income business construction B-3 Loss of Structure on Owner /renter of a) One-time cash assistance equivalent to two-month’s Removal DoR, CDO and business acquired land business income based on the nature of business for re- /relocation Supervision premises by and/or legally establishing the businesses at the alternative premise assistance Consultant owners/renters confirmed b) Shifting allowance (transport plus loading/unloading ownership charges) will be paid to affected businessmen (if rights applicable), on actual cost basis c) The amount of deposit or advance payment paid by the business tenant to the landlord will be deducted from the payment of the landlord

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Item Type of Result in Application Definition of DP Entitlements Responsibility No Losses Action B-4 Additional Household Women-headed a) Cash assistance for 90 days at the local Income DoR, CDO and assistance to income households; agricultural wage rate for respective district restoration Supervision vulnerable affected as a Household with b) Special assistance of NRs. 10,000 to the assistance Consultant groups result of road disable members affected vulnerable persons for restoring their construction and elderly livelihoods headed

households; Ethinic/Occupatio nal Caste (Dalit); endangered groups; officially below poverty level person c) Skill development training per family to be organized by Supervision Consultant for any productive activity at the rate of NRs. 8,000 d) Temporary employment in the project construction work to DPs with particular attention to DPs who is considered as vulnerable group by the project contractor to the extent possible

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Item Type of Result in Application Definition of DP Entitlements Responsibility No Losses Action B-5 Livelihood Severely Family having a) Cash assistance for 90 days at the local agricultural Income DoR, CDO and assistance and affected more than 10% wage rate restoration Supervision skill Families loss of total land b) One-time economic rehabilitation grant of NRs. 10,000 assistance Consultant development or income holding c) Skill development training per family to be organized training to the affected by the by Supervision Consultant for any productive activity at family having project; absentee the rate of NRs. 8,000 significant loss landlords will not of property and eligible for this d) Temporary employment in the project construction income sources provision work to DPs with particular attention to DPs who live under poverty line by the project contractor to the extent possible e) This title will be implacable if the household who lose more than 10% will be dependent on the land and household occupation will be agriculture Loss of Residential, Commercial, Community Property C-1 Loss of Land on Owners of the a) Cash compensation for loss of structures at Restoration of DoR and CDO residential which structure replacement cost. residence / structures and property b) Owners of affected structures will be allowed to shop. commercial stands take/reuse their salvageable materials for structures by purchased or rebuilding/rehabilitation of structure without deducting owners reclaimed for any costs. including road squatters purposes

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Item Type of Result in Application Definition of DP Entitlements Responsibility No Losses Action c) In case of relocation, transfer allowance to cover cost of shifting (transport plus loading/unloading) the effects and materials will be paid on actual cost basis or on current market rates. d) Owner of the fully affected structure will be paid lumsum 10,000 Nrs.as displacement allowance e) In case of rebuilding/rehabilitation of structure, DP will be paid 2 months cash assistance at the local agricultural wage rate as a transitional allowance to cover lost of time and income. f) Assistance from the project to locate alternative plot for relocation; OR relocation to a resettlement site developed by the project if opted by DP C-2 Loss of Owners of the a) Compensation for structure (but not for land) at Restoration of DoR, CDO and residential structure replacement cost to the vulnerable person only. residence / Supervision structures and b) Shifting allowance will be provided to the structure shop. Consultant commercial owner on the actual basis structures by c) Encroachers will be notified a time in which to remove encroachers their assets to be affected. d) Encroachers who are vulnerable /below poverty line to be assisted case-by-case considering relevant facts on family income and existing assets C-3 Loss of Renters of house / a) Rental assistance equivalent to 1 month rent moving to Assistance to DoR, CDO and residential / commercial alternate premise make Supervision commercial structure b) Transfer allowance to cover cost of shifting (transport alternative Consultant structures by plus loading/unloading) personal effects paid on actual arrangeme tenants cost basis or on current market rates nts (Renters)

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Item Type of Result in Application Definition of DP Entitlements Responsibility No Losses Action C-4 Loss of cultural Monastery/Temple a) Complete rehabilitation/restoration by the Project; or, Replacement DoR, CDO and & community / Religious Tree/ cash compensation for restoring affected /restoration of Supervision structures community cultural/community structures and installations, to the structure Consultant /land/facilities land/Graveyard recognized patron/custodian /facility

Unanticipated adverse The EAs and project implementation authorities will deal with any unanticipated consequence of the project during and after project impact due to project implementation in the light and spirit of the principle of the entitlement matrix. intervention or associated activity Notes: (i) DP- Displace Person; (ii) DoR- Department of Roads; (iii) CDO-Chief District Officer, the core responsible authority to implement Resettlement activities in each administrative district of Nepal; (iv) LA Act - Land Acquisition Act 1977; (v) CDC-Compensation Determination Committee to be formed under the chairmanship of CDO to implement RP • Considering the diverse cultures, races, languages and customs, the Constitution of Nepal, 1990, has recognized the endangered group (Bankariya, Kusunda, Kushbadia, Raute, Surel, Hayu, Raji, Kisan, Lepcha, Meche) and tribes in the country. The same norms has been followed in the interim constitution, 2007 • Official below poverty households having per capita less than NRs. 19,261 was determined as below poverty households (Year 2010 - 2011).

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VIII. RELOCATION AND REHABILITATION

A. Need for Rehabilitation 124. In resettlement planning relocation, rehabilitation and income restoration are required if there is significant resettlement impact due to (i) Acquisition of cultivating land in large scale (ii) Displacement of structures, (iii) Loss of business and employment, (iv)) Displacement of vulnerable households, and ( v) relocation need of community assets/ properties11 etc. 125. As the findings of detail census in the Subproject locations shows, there is significant of structures loss on the livelihood and income/employment due to impact on 106 different types of structures (residential, residential cum commercial and commercial structures). Of the total displaced households, having impact on their assets there are also identified 69 vulnerable households (Table 59).

Table 59.Displace Household by Different Vulnerability Types

S.N. Vulnerable Categories No of Households

1 Women Headed Households 6 2 Households with Disable Members 2 3 Ethnic Occupational Caste (Dalit) 4 4 Endangered Groups 1 5 Elderly Headed Households 21 6 Below Poverty line 35 Total 69

Source: Census Survey, July 2012

126. Similarly, implementation of the Subproject road also likely to affect different community property resources. like; Khamai Staute- located at Mahadevsthan VDC-1 at Aiselukharka cluster, and the community school’s Water Tank at Bhanjyang cluster of Nunthala VDC-9 etc. These community properties need to be relocated during the implementation phase in close coordination and collaboration with the local community. Therefore, the RP also provisions relocation, rehabilitation and income restoration strategies for the displaced persons as needed. 127. Based on the findings of census survey, all the displaced household having affect on their structure and vulnerable household opted for cash compensation and other assistance to be provisioned by the project for their relocation/rehabilitation. Accordingly, the RP has provisioned relocation/rehabilitation strategy for the DPs having significant resettlement impacts.

11 The involuntary resettlement requirements apply to full or partial, permanent or temporary physical displacement (relocation, loss of residential land, or loss of shelter) and economic displacement (loss of land, assets, access to assets, income sources, or means of livelihoods) resulting from (i) involuntary acquisition of land, or (ii) involuntary restrictions on land use or on access to legally designated parks and protected areas. (ADB SPS 2009, Page 44, paragraph 5)

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B. Rehabilitation Strategy 128. The rehabilitation strategy followed for this subproject is guided by the entitlement matrix provided in the project RP. The following specific measures have been provisioned in this RP for relocating/rehabilitating and restoring the significantly affected assets and DPs:

1. Rehabilitation/Relocation Strategies for the Affect on Land  DPs having impact on land will be compensated at replacement cost to be determined by the Compensation Determination Committee (CDC)  The nontitled will also be compensated for the loss of crops and tree at the rate to be fixed by CDC.

2. Loss of Residential/Commercial Structures 129. The compensation for the loss of residential/commercial structures will be as below:  Cash compensation for loss of structures at replacement value to be fixed by CDC.;  Two months local agricultural wage rate for rebuilding/ rehabilitation of structures.  Transport allowance to cover the cost of moving structures including loading/uploading of materials;  Squatters/encroachers, if vulnerable, will be eligible for compensation for the loss of structures and also entitled for transport allowance, but not be eligible for the loss of land;  Owners will be allowed to take/reuse the salvaged materials for rebuilding structures

3. Assistance for Tenants 130. There is a provision that the renter of house/commercial structures will receive a rental assistance equivalent to one month rent to moving to alternative premise for reestablishing house/business.;

4. Income Restoration Assistance 131. Besides the compensation for land and structures, the following will be the income restoration assistance to the SPAF:  Family having more than 10 % loss of total land holdings or income will be considered as severely affected families. Such family will receive cash assistance equivalent to 90 days local wage rate and one time economic rehabilitation grant of Rs. 10,000.  Additional assistance to vulnerable groups. Such groups will receive cash assistance for 90 days at the local wage rate and special assistance of NRs 10,000 for restoring their livelihoods;  One time financial assistance to hired employees equivalent to 90 days wages rate as determined by CDC.  One time cash assistance of minimum one month to kiosk on the nature of business and type of losses assessed on case-to case basis.  Skill development training equivalent to NRs 8,000/ family will be provided to the DPs having more than 10% loss of total holding or income and to the vulnerable persons. RS will conduct need assessment and will organize skill development program according to the DPs.

5. Reconstruction of Cultural/Community Structures/Facilities 132. The project will reconstruct or rehabilitate the community /cultural structures or cash compensation will be provided to the recognized patron/custodian.

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6. Unanticipated Adverse Impact 133. The project implementation authorities will deal with any unanticipated consequences of the project during and after project implementation according to the principle of Entitlement matrix.

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IX. RESETTLEMENT BUDGET AND FINANCING PLAN 134. The Government will bear all the costs required to implement land acquisition and resettlement activities. Ministry of Physical Planning, Works and Transport Management (MoPPWTM) and DoR are committed to set aside and provide the respective amounts of funds for RP implementation in an efficient and timely manner during the course of the Project. MoPPWTM and DOR will guarantee to meet unforeseen obligations in excess budget estimates. 135. Land Acquisition Act 1977 and Safeguard Policy Statement 2009 (ADB) are the core document to guide on resettlement activities including the valuation of affected assets and determining compensation rate.

A. The Preliminary Valuation and Cost Estimate 136. This RP has been prepared based on the enumeration of Displaced Persons (DPs) and their affected assets along the corridor of Subproject road. The valuation of affected assets, and compensation cost estimated for the loss of major assets (land and structures) is based on market rate subject to be finalized by CDC in accordance to the provision of Land Acquisition Act. The other costs required for financial assistance (e.g. loss of business, wage, assistance to vulnerable groups etc have been calculated based on Entitlement Matrix (EM) prepared for ADB funded Subregional Transport Enhancement Project (STEP). Some of the basis considered for valuating affected assets and preliminary cost estimate for compensation is given in Table 53.

Table 53. Basis Considered for the Valuation and Cost Estimate for Key Assets S.N Cost Items Basis Taken 1 Cost for Land (i)Calculated the area of land to be acquired based on detail design and cadastral survey and (ii) calculated the rate of compensation at full replacement costs, i.e. market price, transaction costs, etc. subject to be determined by CDC

2 Loss of Crops (i) Calculated the area of land to be acquired, (ii) average quantity of major crops grown and (iii) Calculated the cost of crops value based on the retail market price based on the rate of Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives subject to be determined by CDC 3 Loss of Fruit (i) Inventory of affected fruit trees to be acquired. (ii) Calculated the Growing Trees five to fifteen year based on fruit bearing years and yearly production (iii) allocated the budget based on the market price per unit and multiply the five to fifteen year production. See Annex 5 subject to be finalized by CDC 4 Loss of Fodder (i)Inventory the number of different types of fodder trees based on the Trees road design, (ii) Calculated the five year production based on yearly production after the consultation with local people, (iii) allocated the budget based on the market price per unit and multiply the five year production (Per unit cost is defined after the consultation with District Agricultural Official). See Annex 5 subject to be finalized by CDC 5 Loss of Timber (i)Inventory the number of different types of timber trees, (ii) Trees allocated lump-sum cost to estimate the valued of affected timber trees in consultation with the DPs subject to be finalized by CDC 6 Loss of (i)Enumerated the number of structures by construction type (ii) residential/ estimated the value of each structure based on the rate defined after commercial the consultation with the district technical officials subject to be structures and finalized by CDC associated utilities

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1. Cost for Land Acquisition 137. The task of land valuation is a bit tricky in Nepal. There appear two different types of valuation systems; (i) based on Government rate, and (ii) based on current local market rate. As being practiced, Government rate use to be fixed by District Land Revenue Office (DLRO)12 in accordance to the location of land, type of land, the rate of land quoted on the current land transaction documents and land revenue paid by the public. However, in practice, generally land transactions do not reflect the actual negotiated amount in the official transaction document mainly to lessen the size of revenue amount payable to the Government. This sort of malpractices has been considered one of the constraints to the Government to be officially informed about the current land price in local markets. In this sense, the Government land price may not always represent the market price. Generally, local market price is volatile and may radically differ depending upon the situations and urgency of client/customer's need for transactions. Consequently, land transactions used to be made only after bargaining between buyers and sellers, and some time even with the involvements of land brokers. Given the context, the valuation of affected land is calculated being based on the local market rate with the reference of transaction documents. Table 8.2 provides a summary of the estimated compensation for the loss of land (EM: A-1, 2).

Table 54. Estimated Compensation Cost for Land

Area to be S Rate Per Amount Address Settlement Land Use Acquired (Sq. N. Sq. Meter (NRS) Meter)

1 Manthali Macchedandi Homestead 596 3,780 2,252,880 2 Manthali Macchedandi Homestead 1739 3,300 5,738,700 3 Manthali Macchedandi Homestead 1988 2,820 5,606,160 4 Ramechhap Bitar Homestead 459 1,860 853,740 5 Ramechhap Bitar Low Land 92 3,040 279,680 6 Ramechhap Bitar Upland 3261 2,240 7,304,640 7 Ramechhap Bitar Fallow Land 2134 1,520 3,243,680 22,754,40 8 Ramechhap Daregauda Upland 14970 1,520 0 22,660,00 9 Ramechhap Babiyakharka Upland 12875 1,760 0 10 Ramechhap Babiyakharka Upland 1182 1,760 2,080,320 11 Ramechhap Bhangari Fallow Land 971 1,520 1,475,920 12 Ramechhap Bhangari Homestead 2940 2,480 7,291,200 13 Ramechhap Bhangari Upland 658 2,320 1,526,560 Total Land Cost (NRS.) 43865 0 83,067,880 Source: Census Survey, March 2012

12 There are District Land Revenue Offices (DLRO) in all (75) district and responsible for also fixing land price of the respective districts based on land transaction made in the district and update them annually.

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2. Compensation for the Loss of Income Generating Assets

a. Compensation Cost for the Loss of Agricultural Crops

138. In accordance to entitlement matrix (EM:B-1 (a & b) and B-2 (a & b), provision of cash compensation has been made for the likely loss of standing crops. The compensation cost has been calculated (Table 55) based on the area of land to be acquired, average quantity of major crops grown in the area, and average market rate based on a standard units prescribed by the Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives (MoAC)13. The compensation rate for the loss of standing crops, however, has to be finalized by CDC with the support of District Agriculture Office (DAO) as needed. Details on estimated compensation cost for the loss of crops is in Annex 6.

Table 55. Estimated Compensation Cost for Loss of Standing Crops

Affected Agricultural Estimated Production Value of Lost Crops in Local Market Land Area (ha) (kg) (NRs.) 3.31 10832.00 286,486.38 Source: Census Survey, March, 2012

b. Compensation Cost for the Loss of Private Trees

139. As provisioned in the entitlement matrix (EM: B-1 (c & d), and B-2 (a,b,c), compensation provision has been made for the loss of trees and plants. Generally, fixation of compensation rate for the trees/plants is done by CDC with the support of District Forest Office (DFO) for non-fruit trees and District Agriculture Office (DAO) for fruit trees during the implementation phase. Therefore, the preliminary costs for the loss of trees have been calculated based on the consultation with the local community and officials of Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives and Department of Forest at the central level by adopting a thumb rule. However, the estimated cost has to be finalized by CDC during the implementation phase. Based on the census data, information on affected trees and plant with estimated compensation cost for the loss of trees has been summarized in Table 56 and the details of the cost estimation is given in the Annex 5.

Table 56. Compensation Cost Estimate for the Loss of Private Trees/ Plants

Timber & Fodder Fruit Bamboo Total Fuelwood S.N. VDC Amt. Amt. Amt. Amt. Amt. No. No. No. No. No (NRS) (NRS) (NRS) (NRS) (NRS) 1 Manthali ------2 Ramechhap 8 25000 62 155000 108 282575 95 4750 273 467325 Total 8 25000 62 155000 108 282575 95 4750 273 467325 Source: Field Survey, March 2012

3. Additional Assistance to the Vulnerable Groups 140. Based on the census data, there are about 69 vulnerable households of different categories. The Entitlement matrix (EM: B-4 (a,b,c) and B-5 (a,b,c) provisions cash compensation for such vulnerable households equivalent to three Months wage rate plus cash

13 Statistical Information of Nepalese Agriculture 2007/2008, a publication of Ministry of Agriculture, Nepal & Selected Indicators of Nepalese Agriculture and Population, A brochures of the Ministry of Agriculture and Co- operatives, 2010 and consultation with relevant officers and the Ministry

59 assistance @ NRs. 10,000 (per household) for restarting their livelihood. However, additional assistance to such vulnerable groups need to be distributed only after the finalization of resettlement impact and its extent and confirmation of the vulnerability of the households in close collaboration with the local communities and CDC.

Table 57. Additional Assistance to Vulnerable Groups

One Time One Time Financial Cash Assistance One time Total Assistance to Family to Vulnerable No of Special Additional S.N. at the Local get Enrolled Categories Households Assistance Assistance Agricultural in Skill (NRs.) [b] (NRs.) Wage Rate Development (NRs.) [a] Training (NRs.) [c] Women 1 Headed 6 162,000.00 60,000.00 48,000.00 270,000.00 Households Households 2 with Disable 2 54,000.00 20,000.00 16,000.00 90,000.00 Members Ethnic Occupational 3 Caste 4 108,000.00 40,000.00 32,000.00 180,000.00 Groups (Dalit) Endangered 4 1 27,000.00 10,000.00 8,000.00 45,000.00 Groups Below 5 35 945,000.00 350,000.00 280,000.00 1,575,000.00 Poverty line Elderly Member 6 21 567,000.00 210,000.00 168,000.00 945,000.00 Headed Households Total 69 1,863,000.00 690,000.00 552,000.00 3,105,000.00 Source: Census Survey, March 2012

[a] No. of HHs x 90 days x NRs. 300 [b] No. of HHs x NRs. 10, 000

4. [c] No. of HHs NRs. 8,000Compensation for the Loss of Structures

a. Cost for Private Structures

141. There are eight private structures going to be affecting during the road construction. As provisioned in the entitlement matrix (EM: C-1 (a.b) and C-2 (a,b,c), compensation cost for the affected structures have been calculated based on the measurement of the affected structures taken out during the field survey and construction type of affected structures. Furthermore the social survey team held consultation with local construction contractors and the community key stakeholders those who have constructed new houses within one year, to investigate the market rate of the construction work like private housing and other structures. Technical Official provided technical ideas to estimate cost of affected structures (Annex 3). Guidelines of the Department of Urban Development and Housing (DUDH) have been

60 followed while calculating the cost for affected structures.14 The structures were valued without deducting any depreciation in material use. The estimated cost for the private structure is presented in Table 58.

Table 58. Estimated Compensation Cost for Structures

Area Structure Structure Present Amount S.N. Address Settlement (Suaare Owner Type Use (Nrs.) Feet) Bimmai Bhaluwajor-4, Semi- 1 Machhedandi Residential 127.41 96,834.00 Tamang Ramechhap Mordern Dhal Bhangeri-1, Semi- Animal 2 Bahadur Bitar 413.38 314,172.00 Ramechhap Mordern Shed Karki Ram Bhangeri-1, Semi- 3 Bahadur Bitar Residential 1053.61 800,742.00 Ramechhap Mordern Raya Ram Bhangeri-1, Semi- 4 Bahadur Bitar Store 222.81 169,335.00 Ramechhap Mordern Raya Chandra Bhangeri-4, Semi- 5 Bahadur Bhangeri Trade 615.83 468,030.00 Ramechhap Mordern Shrestha Shankar Bhangeri-4, Semi- 6 B. Bhangeri Trade 470.45 357,540.00 Ramechhap Mordern Shrestha Krishna Bhangeri-4, Semi- 7 Devi Bhangeri Trade 509.65 387,336.00 Ramechhap Mordern Shrestha Shiva Ram Bhangeri-4, Semi- 8 Bhangeri Residential 1411.34 1,199,642.00 Shrestha Ramechhap Mordern Total 3,793,631.00 Source; Field Survey, March 2012

b. Displacement and Transportation Allowances

142. The displacement and Transportation allowance covers the housing displacement and business displacement allowance. Households whose houses need to be relocated will receive a housing displacement allowance. Owners of commercial enterprises who are required to relocate will receive a business displacement allowance. Estimated cost for the displacement and rehabilitation allowances is presented below Table 59. Transportation allowance is not estimated to the partial loss structure.

Table 59. Displacement and Rehabilitation Allowances S.N. Allowances Unit Quantity Amount (NRS) 1 New house reconstruction allowance Households 0 0

14 The Government of Nepal, Department of Urban Development and Housing (DUDH) is the authorized Government body for the valuation of structures through the Government Gazette (Nepal Rajpatra, Section IV, number 50, Date 2045/12/6 (1988). The Department regularly updates its rate based on current market price and provides basis for calculating the cost of different types of structures.

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2 House displacement allowance Number 7 70,000.00 3 Transportation allowance Number 5 50,000.00 4 Business displacement Number 3 60,000.00 Total Number 16 1,80,000.00 Source; Field Survey, March 2012

There are eight structures going to be affected but those eight structures are held by seven households because one household holds two affected structures. So the displacement allowance goes to seven households. In another case, transportation allowance is not needed for one partially lost structure and one animal shed. As there are three business activities going to be affected and three persons will get business displacement allowance.

c. Costs for the Loss of Cultural & Community Structures/Land/Facilities

143. Aiming to avoid project's impact in cultural places & community facilities, and market area, the technical design of the TPPF is flexible even on deviating the design standard by reducing lane width and narrowing shoulders until and unless such activities do not undermine the road safety and environmental protection. Hence, there is no any major loss of community structures in the subproject. Replacement cost for the loss of community rest places are incorporated in engineering cost estimated.

5. Resettlement Plan Implementation and Management Cost 144. There are also several RP implementation activities that need to be carried out at Subproject level by the Project Manager (PM). Some of such activities are: (i) public consultation and information dissemination, (ii) organizing CDC meetings and implementing CDC decision, field verification, and updating RP, (iii) organizing and mobilizing Subproject Level Committees (SLC), (iv) Deed Transfer and so on. In order to ensure such expenses, RP implementation cost also have been calculated and incorporated in resettlement budget (Table 60).

Table 60. Cost Estimate for Resettlement Implementation Activities

Rate Estimated S.N. Description of Tasks Quantity (NRs.) Costs (NRs.) Information dissemination about the project, 1 1 150,000 150,000 resettlement impacts, and compensation provision 2 Organizing CDC meeting and follow up activities 6 15,000 90,000 3 Organizing GRC meetings and follow-up activities 10 10,000 100,000 Establishing Sub-local level committees and their 4 4 15,000 60,000 mobilization (@NRs.15,000 per committee) Public notification of Affected assets and invitation to 5 2 150,000 300,000 receive compensation (@ NRs. 150,000) Surveyor/Amin Mobilization for Field Verification and 6 4 60,000 240,000 Deed Transfer (NRs. 60,000 Per Man month) 7 Sub-total (1-5) - - 9,40,000 8 Contingency 10% - 94,000 Overall 1,034,000 Source: Census Survey, March 2012

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6. Summary of Compensation and Resettlement Costs 145. The summary of resettlement implementation cost includes all the expenses required to compensate for the affected assets including rehabilitation/relocation costs and other financial assistance (Table 61). The summary cost also contains additional ten percent contingency amounts and costs required for external monitoring and capacity building training. Descriptive text on capacity building and external monitoring is included in chapters 10 & 12 of this RP document.

Table 61. Summary of Resettlement Budget and Cost Estimate

S.N. Cost Item Unit Quantity Amount (NRS) Remarks

Estimated Square 1 compensation for 43865 83,067,880.00 Table No. Meter private land Estimated 2 compensation for Number 273 467,325.00 Table No. private trees Estimated 3 compensation for Number 9 3,793,631.69 Table No. private structures Compensation for the Square 4 33038 286,486.38 Table No. loss of standing crops Meter Displacement & 5 Transportation Number 16 180,000.00 Table No. allowance

Additional assistance to 6 Number 69 3,105,000.00 Table No. vulnerable groups

7 RP implementation Cost - - 1,034,000.00 Table No. External Monitoring and 8 - - 880,000.00 Table No. Evaluation Skill Development 9 - - 200,000.00 Table No. Training

Total RP Cost (NRs.) 93,014,323.07

US $ @80 1162679.038

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X. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT

A. The Setup 146. The institutional arrangement for RP implementation will be guided by the Land Acquisition Act 1977. The primary institutions will be established at two levels: (i) central level, and (ii) district level. The Executing Agency (EA) and the Project Implementation Unit (PIU) will be stationed at central level and there will be a Subproject level office at project location. Construction Supervision Consultant (CSC) assigned for the task of supervising the construction activities and RP implementation will support the Subproject office. Figure 5 provides the proposed institutional set-up for RP implementation activities.

B. The Executing Agency 147. Ministry of Physical Planning, Works & Transport Management (MoPPWTM) will be the Executing Agency (EA) and Department of Roads (DOR) will be the implementing agency (IA). A Project Implementation Unit (PIU) will be established at Project Directorate (ADB) under the DoR to take the responsibility of overall implementation of the Subprojects activities under the SRCP. The amount of compensation at replacement cost is a consolidated amount. The Ministry of Physical Planning, Works and Transport Management ( MoPPWTM) is only one government agency responsible to pay all kind of resettlement cost.

C. The Project Implementation Unit 148. The PIU will be headed by Project Director (PD) of the DoR, Project Directorate Office (ADB). The PD will be supported by the Deputy Project Directors and other in-house staffs. The PD will also be responsible for implementing resettlement plan for all the Subprojects under the SRCP. The Consultant Social / Resettlement Specialist (SRS) of the Construction Supervision Consultant (CSC) will support the PD on overall mechanism and process of resettlement implementation. 149. The SRS will support the PD on processing and implementing RP activities. He/she will also maintain all the process documents and database related to RP implementation at field level and supplied to PIU. This includes; formats/inventories of affected assets and Displaced Persons (DPs), compensation payment status, record of grievances and resolved status and progress reports. The field level activities carried out by the consultant SRS will be regularly monitored by the PIU. The Geo-environment and Social Unit (GESU) under the DoR will also monitor the RP implementation activities under its regular monitoring program.

D. The Subproject Office 150. A field level Subproject office will be established under the PIU, headed by Project Managers (PM) with officers in the rank of Senior Divisional Engineer (SDE). The PM on behalf of the Executing and Implementing Agencies will; (i) Formally request, and support the Chief District Officer (CDO) to form a CDC for fixing compensation rates to the acquired assets, (ii) Coordinate and support the CDO on establishing a Grievance Redress Committee (GRC) to minimize the pressure of local grievances, and (iii) Establish Subproject Level Committees (SLCs) to facilitate the DPs on addressing minor grievances, (iv) Support the CSC and SRO on RP implementation activities and carrying out other activities that might be required for RP implementation.

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E. Construction Supervision Consultant 151. The Construction Supervision Consultant (CSC) to be recruited and appointed by the PIU also be made responsible for RP implementation. The CSC through the consultant SRS will support the Subproject office and PIU on overall RP implementation activities.

1. Roles and Responsibilities 152. The consultant SRS will assist the Subproject Office on informing people about the likely resettlement impacts, provisions of compensation for the affected assets and other resettlement assistance, and to solicit views of those affected by the Subproject regarding compensation and likely grievances. He/she will also assist the CDC on negotiating the compensation rate. He/she will regularly execute the RP implementation activities with the support of CDC, Subproject Level Committees (SLC) and other stakeholders and may seek support from the Project Manager (PM). The consultant SRS will be responsible in resolution of grievances at local level and assisting the GRC, PM and other stakeholder. Among others, the consultant SRS also will be responsible to: . Inform DPs and other affected persons about the entitlements and compensation provisions made in the RP and payment methods; . Assist CDC on negotiating and determining the compensation rate for various affected assets; . Assist PM in the resolution of grievances at local level; . Identify vulnerable group and severely affected persons and recommend additional support and livelihood assistance and skill development training to them; . Keep and update all resettlement activities/data/reporting and submit progress report to PIU, DoR on monthly basis.

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Figure 5: Institutional Setup to Implement the Resettlement Activities

GoN Ministry of Physical Planning, Works and Transport Management

Department of Roads External ADB Implementing Agency Monitoring

Project Directorate Supervision (ADB) Consultant (SC) PIU  Project Director Social/Resettlement  Deputy Project Director Specialist (SRS)

Compensataion Subproject Office (SPO) Determination Committee Project Manager  CDO (Divisional Engineer)  CDLRO  PM  Representative of DDC  Represenative of DPs

Subproject Level Committee (as needed) to be represented by: Grievance Redress Committee (District) Consultant  DPs Social Mobilizer  Local representatives of  CDO political parties  DOR representative  Vulnerable groups  VDC representative  District level agencies and other stakeholders as required

Displaced Persons (DPs)

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2. Institutional Capacity and Staff Training

a. Institutional Capacity

153. As per the DoR existing organizational structure, there is Geo-Environment and Social Unit (GESU) under the Department of Roads (DoR) at the central level, which is responsible for overall monitoring of social, resettlement and environmental aspects in road projects. At present, the unit comprises of one Senior Divisional Engineer, two Engineers and one Sociologist. Some of the main activities being carried out by the GESU include: . Preparing environmental and social guidelines/manuals; . Conducting training on environmental and social components; . Conducting and monitoring environmental, social and resettlement activities in different ongoing projects. 154. As far as the Resettlement is concerned, still there is lack of institutional mechanisms for resettlement planning, implementation, monitoring & evaluation. However, based on the system laid down in the Land Acquisition Act 1977, and experience gained from some of the implemented and ongoing projects, DoR has been carrying out resettlement activities in some projects supported by the consultants. However, DoR strength on resettlement planning, implementation, monitoring & evaluation still to be strengthened particularly in line with the prevailing Acts and ADB Safeguard Policy Statement 2009.

b. Staff Training

155. As an approach to enhance DoR capacity on RP activities, a short-term (two days) training/workshop program has been proposed under the RP implementation program. The GESU, supported by a consultant will conduct capacity development program/workshop to the DoR staff and representatives of other stakeholders involved in RP implementation both at central and district level. The program will be organized right before mobilization to the field. Some of the key participants to be involved in the training/workshop at central level include Project Manager (PM) and engineer assigned for the Subproject, Social/Resettlement Specialist mobilized under Construction Supervision Consultant (CSC), staff involved from the contractors, and other relevant stakeholder involved in the Subproject. Similarly, some of the key persons to be involved from the Subproject level includes; members of GRC and SLC, representatives from the district level agencies (DDC, DLSO, DLRO, DFO, DAO and others), representatives of DPs, and local communities. Among other the training/workshop will also cover the following topics: . Understanding about the Land Acquisition Act 1977 and ADB Policy Guidelines and differences between national and ADB policies, between country policy and laws; . Understanding of the RP policy, principles and procedures of land acquisition in the Subproject; . Understanding on the entitlements and compensation & assistance provisioned in the RP and disbursement mechanisms; . Understanding about the RP implementation schedule and activities of the Subproject; . Understanding about the need of public consultation and participation to implement the RP and grievance resolution; . Understanding of the monitoring and reporting requirements; . Understanding of the economic rehabilitation of the DPs; . Understanding about the likely issues and measures to address them

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156. The cost estimate to implement to capacity development program/workshop is included in Annex 8.

3. Resettlement Databank 157. All the information related to land acquisition, socio-economic information of the DPs, inventories of Displaced Persons (DPs) and their affected assets, compensation distribution status, information on resolved and new grievances, and other associated information will be maintained and updated at Subproject level and supplied to the PIU at central level.

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XI. IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE AND ACTIVITIES

A. Implementation Schedule 158. As per the draft detail design report (submitted on March 2012), the Subproject has been planned to implement from the beginning of 2013. The procurement of civil works contractor and Construction Supervision Contractor (CSC) will be carried out in 2012. The RP implementation activities is expected to start from the last quarter of 2012 and to conclude in the last quarter of 2012. The RP implementation activities mainly consists the tasks of compensation distribution and associated rehabilitation and resettlement activities. Table 62 provides tentative RP implementation schedule of the Subproject. The time frame is based on the overall project implementation schedule included in draft technical report and will be updated in accordance to the changes likely to be made in the project implementation plan.

B. Key RP Implementation Activities

1. Advance Actions 159. Upon the loan processing, DoR will initiate advance action such as; (i) establishment of Subproject office, (ii) recruitment of Project Manager (PM) and information dissemination to DPs and local community, (iii) formation of CDC, (iv) establishment of GRC, (v) selection of Construction Supervision Consultant (CSC), and establishment of Subproject Level Committees (SLC) as required. Some of key RP implementation process is described in the subsections below:

2. Mobilization of Construction Supervision Consultant 160. Project Implementation Unit (PIU) will mobilize Construction Supervision Consultant (CSC) to monitor the project construction activities and to implement the resettlement plan. The Social/Resettlement Consultant (SRS) to be mobilized by CSC will be responsible for implementing the resettlement activities in close coordination with the PIU, PM, CDC, including local communities and Displaced Persons (DPs). Some of the key tasks to be rendered for RP implementation are briefly discussed below:

3. Cadastral Survey and Updating Draft RP 161. Cadastral survey is the method of determining resettlement impact on land, structures, and other assets aligning with the reference of cadastral maps. It has to be carried out by land surveyor with the help of assistant surveyor and other resettlement team (e.g. enumerators, social mobilizers, and resettlement specialist). It is the main part of RP implementation activities and to officially delineate the scope and extent of land acquisition.

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Table 62. Resettlement Implementation Schedule

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 S.N Activities Q 1 Q 2 Q 3 Q 4 Q 1 Q 2 Q 3 Q4 Q1 Q 2 Q 3 Q 4 Q 1 Q 2 Q 3 Q 4 Q 1 Q 2 Q 3 Q 4 Q 1 Q 2 Q 3 Q 4 Q1 Q 2 Q 3 Q 4

Formation of PIU, institutional 1 arrangement and establishment of Sub-project Office

Public Consultation and Information 2 Dissemination to DPs

Hiring and mobilization of Construction 3 Supervision Consultant (CSC) also for construction and RP implementation

Selection and Mobilization of 4 Contractors for Construction Works

Hiring and mobilization of Construction Supervision Consultant (CSC)for 5 construction supervision and RP implementation

Cadestral Survey, RP updating and 5.1 Submission to CDO to fix Compensation Rate

Formation of CDC and Notification 5.2 DPs

Complain and Grievances by DPs and 5.3 Decision on Grievances

Compensation Distribution and 5.4 Ownership Transfer

Transfer of ownership and Land 5.5 Acquisition

5.6 Skill Training

5.7 External Monitoring [a]

Notes: 1 The RP implementation schedule is tentative and may be changed in accordance to the project implementation schedule 2 [a] To be carried out right before the contractor mobilization to post implementation phase

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C. Finalization of Resettlement Cost 162. After the finalization of RP, the DoR will formally submit the updated RP to the CDO. The CDO in accordance to the Land Acquisition Act will form a Compensation Determination Committee (CDC) for the valuation of affected assets and fixation of compensation rate in accordance to Clause 13 of the Land Acquisition Act 1977. As provisioned in the Act, the members to be included in the CDC are: . Chief District Officer; . Chief of the District Land Administration Office or Land Revenue Office; . Chief of the Project office; . Representative of the respective District Development Committee (DDC), and other members assigned by Chief District Officer (CDO). 163. There is also practice of involving representative from DPs and local communities in CDC as observer. 164. While determining the compensation rate, the Act also ensures separate compensation rate for those having complete loss of land, and those having partial affect (Clause 13-3). Further, according to Clause 14 of the Act, there is also provision of land for land compensation (if Government land is available in the project area/VDC). In addition, to the provisions specified in different clauses, the Act through its Clause 16, ensures also to consider followings while determining the compensation rate: . Government guidelines, and policies published in different time; . Likely losses to the affected people; . Current market value of acquired land; . Value of affected structures, crops, land etc, and . Extent of losses caused due to relocation/shifting of Displaced people, while fixing the compensation rate. 165. The CDC members will review the RP and may also seek support from other sectoral agencies in this process. Similarly, the Detail Measurement Survey (DMS) carried out during the feasibility phase and cadastral survey may also be verified, and cross checked with the DPs and other stakeholders as deemed necessary. Afterwards, CDO based upon the comments/suggestion made by CDC, will determine the compensation rate. Depending upon the nature of comments made by CDC, the CDO may also ask to review and update the compensation cost before finalization.

D. Compensation Distribution and Deed Transfer 166. A consensus between the CDO and PM will be made about the compensation distribution modality deciding whether compensation to be distributed by CDO office or by the Subproject office. In practice, generally the CDO use to nominate Project Manager as Compensation Distribution Officer and authorizes the project itself for compensation distribution. However, the compensation distribution activities will be closely supervised and supported by the CDO. 167. The DPs, through the national and local newspapers and other media, will be notified about the venue schedule and time of compensation distribution. The notification will also contain message about the (i) documents to be brought while applying for compensation (e.g. citizenship paper, ownership certificate, recommendation from VDC/Municipality office, need of spouses presence on the day of compensation etc), and (ii) available support and assistance from the subproject. In between, the Compensation Distribution Officer, will prepare necessary formats required for compensation distribution and maintaining records. Such formats also include; format of request letter for compensation, format to request to get clearance of the affected land to be submitted to District Land Revenue Office, and District Land Survey Office, instructions about the

71 processes to be followed to process the application for compensation). Such formats need to be made available to the DPs at free of cost. 168. Compensation will be paid as per the prevailing Acts, prior to the actual possession of the acquired lands. and other assets. The project will provide adequate advance notification to the DPs and will pay their due resettlement benefits, including relocation and income restoration/assistance prior to start of construction work. However, considering the practical issues, CDC may also make arrangement to provide 50% compensation in advance to demolish the affected structures and remaining 50% only after demolishment. 169. Compensation will be distributed on each office day within working hours. The amount will be paid on cash or cheque depending upon the size of amount, availability of banking service in the area, and CDC decisions. The signed document will be kept properly and the copies of entitlement documents signed by DPs will be forwarded to District Land Survey Office and District Land Revenue Office for deed transfer. All the records of compensation distribution will be maintained in the formats as provisioned in prevailing financial Acts and Rules.

E. Management of Unclaimed Compensation 170. As per the Land Acquisition Act 1977, all the unpaid compensation due to several reasons (e.g. lack of supporting official documents, absentee DPs, unsolved grievances, and court cases, etc) will be deposited in Government's fixed account for security and DPs will be paid their compensation upon submission of formal application with supporting documents.

F. Time Frame for Compensation Distribution 171. As stipulated in Clause 9 Sub-clause 3 of the Land Acquisition Act 1977, the duration of compensation distribution days will be determined by CDC. Further, Clause 37 of the Act illustrates that the Committee may extend the period for additional three months, if DPs could not collect compensation due to several reasons (e.g. lack of budget, unsolved grievances, absentee, court cases etc). After termination of extended three months’ period, the amount will be deposited to Government's fixed account and will be paid to DPs from the office of CDO.

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XII. MONITORING AND REPORTING

A. Monitoring and Reporting Need 172. DoR will hold overall responsibility for the implementation of compensation and resettlement measures, and for associated monitoring and reporting activities. It will be coordinated by the Construction Supervision Consultant (CSC) involves concerned stakeholders and project affected communities and as well as external agencies. 173. Monitoring and Reporting (M&R) are the tools for ensuring effective RP implementation. The RP implementation activities need to be monitored in different stages of project cycle. The frequency and nature of monitoring and reporting may varies in different phases. 174. Resettlement Plan (RP) implementation is a set of long-term activities that need to be carried out based on technical norms, legal process, and administrative steps with the involvement of different stakeholders including local community and DPs. Appropriate combination and coherence is essential between these elements for the successful implementation of RP. Monitoring and Reporting (M&R) plays a crucial role on stimulating different facets related to RP implementation as well as to provide appropriate back-up support. Monitoring and reporting through its periodic assessment and reporting with planned activities facilitates on obtaining necessary feedbacks for effective and timely implementation of RP. 175. The overall aim of the monitoring programme will be to measure the extent to which the goals of the RP have been achieved. This will be achieved through two broad components: • performance monitoring; • impact monitoring; and 176. Indicators (the variables used to measure progress toward the goals of the RP) and targets (the quantified levels of the indicators to be achieved at a given point in time) will be established in consultation with affected communities and other key stakeholders. The following range of indicators will be established: • input indicators (to measure the financial, physical and human resources allocated for the attainment of resettlement and livelihood restoration goals); • output indicators (to measure the services/goods and activities produced by the inputs; e.g., compensation disbursements for acquired assets, and the construction of replacement services/facilities); • outcome indicators (to measure the extent to which the outputs are accessible and used, and the levels of satisfaction with services and activities produced by the inputs.; e.g. the ways in which compensation was used by recipients, and changing local attitudes to project implementation); • impact indicators (to measure the key dimensions of livelihood restoration so as to determine whether the goals of the RP have been achieved; e.g., restoration and diversification of income levels across different social categories, the sustainability of income-generating activities and changes in literacy levels); and • process indicators (to measure and assess implementation processes; e.g., the functioning of liaison/participation structures, the levels of representation of different social categories and the processes by which conflicts and disputes are resolved)

B. Monitoring in the Subproject 177. The RP implementation activities implemented by Construction and Supervision Consultant (CSC) will be monitored on a regular basis both through (i) Internal Monitoring, and (ii)

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External Monitoring. The internal and external monitoring report will be submiited to ADB semi- anually.

1. Internal Monitoring 178. Project Implementation Unit (PIU) with the support of Subproject Office (SPO) and Construction Supervision Consultant (CSC) will oversee and monitor the field level activities. The CSC will maintain records of all transactions in their Management Information System (MIS), followed by entitlement records, payment records signed by DPs and survey based monitoring of RP implementation progress on a monthly basis. Based on the record maintained by CSC office, the PM in the Subproject Office (SPO) will regularly monitor the RP implementation progress and report to PIU on quarterly basis. Among others, the internal monitoring will ensure: . Verification that there are no outstanding or unresolved land acquisition issues with respect to the project and that property valuation and economic rehabilitation has been carried out in accordance with the provisions of the plan; . Ensure the completion of information campaign and consultation with DPs; . Progress on compensation payment; . Value of entitlement received is equal to that of original approved cost; . Payment for all types of impact and losses; . Use of entitlement and check its misuse; . Status of relocation, if applicable; . Ensure all economic rehabilitation measures are implemented, as approved; . Effective operation of the Grievance Redress Committees both a Subproject and community level; . Funds for implementing land acquisition and economic rehabilitation activities are available in a timely manner, sufficient for the purposes, and are spent in accordance with the plan. 179. The SPO will also be responsible for monitoring the day-to-day resettlement activities carried out by the CSC and field monitoring. Baseline socio-economic and census data provides necessary benchmark for field level monitoring. The field level monitoring will be carried out through: . Review of census information of DPs; . Consultation and informal interviews with DPs; . In-depth case studies; . Informal sample survey of DPs; . Key informant interview; and . Community public meetings 180. The central level GESU under the DoR will also carry out internal monitoring. Among others, the GESU monitoring will also be focused on process monitoring. This will be supportive to GESU to be familiar about the RP implementation possesses and on establishing a RP implementation and monitoring parameter within the department. Some of the key indicators applicable for process monitoring is given in Table 63.

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Table 63. Key Indicators for Process Monitoring

Key Indicators  On Information dissemination  Methods adopted to inform local people and DPs about the likely resettlement impacts, and mitigation measures to be adopted by the project  Types of information shared with DPs and local people  Effectiveness of the information dissemination activities on informing DPs and local people about the project, likely resettlement impacts, and mitigation measures  On updating resettlement impacts and RP  Whether the RP team visited each DP's house while updating resettlement impacts  Whether the RP team consulted significantly affected and vulnerable households?  Activities carried out by the resettlement team while updating resettlement impacts  Use of updated data on finalizing RP  Database management and updating process  Formats and inventories used for recording affected assets and DPs  Methods adopted to verify information on affected assets, DPs and human resource involved  Management system of official records, correspondence, meeting minutes, account keeping, bank statements etc  On local level grievances  Mechanism to address grievances and its effectiveness  Composition of Subproject Level Committees (SLC) and operation stations  Effectiveness of SLCs on addressing local level grievance and its strength and issues  On compensation distribution and deed transfer  Process adopted and format used to distribute compensation  Compensation payment record (signed by DPs) along with entitlement/official documents submitted by them and associated issues  Coordination with and support from sectoral agencies (District Land Measurement Office, District Land Revenue Office, Banks etc)  Evidence of spouse and joint owners' presence (as applicable) while paying compensation  Supports being provided to DPs in terms of updating ownership records, updating ownership records for sectoral agencies in the process of compensation payment;  Rehabilitation of DPs  Deed transfer status of compensated assets and associated issues/constraints  Other information as deemed necessary

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2. External Monitoring 181. External monitoring is required to supervise the overall monitoring activities carried out under the internal monitoring and to submit a semi annual report to determine whether the resettlement goal have been achieved. As per the ADB guidelines, the PIU will engage external monitoring agency within three months of loan approval. The external monitoring agency will monitor RP implementation intermittently. The key focuses of external monitoring will be: (i) initial verification of compensation distribution and (ii) bi-annual review of resettlement implementation. 182. External monitoring will be carried out through outside researcher or consulting agency or NGOs, or through independent consultants. The key activities that need to be considered in external monitoring are summarized in Box 3. Some of the potential sources of external monitoring are; consulting agency, university departments, independent consultants. Some of the key objective of external monitoring are to; . Assess social and economic impact of land acquisition and economic rehabilitation of the DPs; . Verify the objective of enhancement or at least restoration of income levels and living standard of the DPs have been met; . Suggest modifications on RP implementation and economic rehabilitation, where necessary, to achieve the principles and objectives as set before; and . Make final ex-post evaluation to ensure all RP implementation activities have been completed; and all the records (including financial) are maintained

Box 3: Key External Monitoring Activities  Verification of internal monitoring  Review and verify the internal monitoring reports prepared by PIU  Review the Socio-economic baseline census information and assess the social and economic impacts of resettlement and economic rehabilitation of the DPs;  Identification and selection of impacts indicators;  Consultation with DPs, officials, and local community for reviewing the overall performance;  Verifying the objective of enhancement or at least restoration of income levels and standard of living of the DPs have been met;  Ensure the appropriateness of activities being carried out;  Declaration of RP implementation progress  Summing up the outcome of all entitlements distribution and resettlement activities in different stages as required;  Suggesting modification in resettlement and economic rehabilitation, where necessary in order to achieve the principles and objectives set forth in advance  Evaluation of actual operations of grievance committee  Levels of public awareness of grievance procedures;  Assess the need for appropriate and effective grievance redress process based on local context  Describe Lessons Learnt  Different lessons are learnt that need to be considered while implementing RP in the future 183. The external monitoring report will determine whether or not resettlement goals have been achieved, whether livelihoods and living standards have been restored/enhanced, and suggests and recommends for improvement. The external monitoring agency will also carry out a final ex-

76 post evaluation to ensure that all RP implementation activities have been completed. Any problems or issues identified are followed-up (including recommendation of mitigation measures and supplementary budget if required); and learning from such issues must be recorded which would help to deal with issues more effectively. The external monitors will advise on safeguard compliance issues and if any significant involuntary issues are identified, a corrective action plan will be prepared to address these. The external monitors will submit semiannual monitoring reports to the EA and in turn the EA will submit these to ADB. A sample Terms of Reference (ToR) for the external monitoring agency with cost estimate have been included in Annex 8.

C. Reporting Requirements and Budget 184. The Supervision Consultant will prepare a monthly progress reports on resettlement activities and submit to the PIU, and Subproject office, on the basis of CSC monthly report and field level monitoring will prepare quarterly reports and submit to PIU and ADB. The external monitoring agency will submit bi-annual reviews directly to ADB and copies to PIU and GESU. A copy of monitoring report prepared by the external monitoring agency will also be submitted to GESU. This will be helpful for GESU on determining the area to be focused on its regular monitoring program.

D. ToR for External Monitoring 185. The ToR for external monitoring is prepared and attached in Annex - 8 within this report.

ANNEXES

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Annex-1: Inventory of Affected Private Land with Percentage

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Annex 1: List of Affected Private Land-MR Road

Area Total Total Area to Land within Remeani Land Land Area of Affecte be HH Name of Owner's Plot Six ng Area Loss Moth Remark S.N. Owner's Sheet No. Affected d Area Acquire Land Use Land Type ID Land Owner Grand No. Meter (Sq. Percen No. s Father Plot (Sq. (Sq. d (Sq. Father (Sq. Meter) tage Meter) Meter) Meter) Meter) Durga Bahadur Dirgha Bhaluwajor -4 1 1 Kulman Sin 874 270 40 22 18 230 Homestead Pakho Sim 15/75 Thing Bahadur Kha Krishna Prasad Bhaluwajor -4 2 2 Shiba Lal Judnath 873 95 72 30 42 23 Homestead Pakho Sim 25/17 Ghimire Kha Bharat Bhaluwajor -4 3 3 Devaki Rai Jan Prasad 779 191 32 15 17 159 Homestead Pakho Sim 15/77 Bahadur Kha Shankar Bhaluwajor -4 4 4 Indira Budhathoki Dnadhoj 830 254 56 22 34 198 Homestead Pakho Sim 15/5 Bahadur Kha Nar Badahur Dhan Bhaluwajor -4 5 5 Prem Lal 1745 127 79 37 42 48 Homestead Pakho Sim New Khatri Bahadur Kha Rajandra Prasad Mohan Bhaluwajor -4 6 6 Shiva Prasad 1746 64 56 22 34 8 Homestead Pakho Sim New Dahal Prasad Kha Dirgha Jagat Bhaluwajor -4 7 7 Birmaya Shrestha 1707 127 16 0 16 111 Homestead Pakho Sim New Bahadur Bahadur Kha Padam Bhim Bhaluwajor -4 8 8 Bimmai Tamang 939 95 72 22 50 23 Homestead Pakho Sim New Bahadur Bahadur Kha Padam Bhim Bhaluwajor -4 9 8 Bimmai Tamang 1146 32 Homestead Pakho Sim New Bahadur Bahadur Kha Bhaluwajor -4 940 10 9 Sabita Shrestha Kamal Raj Bir Bahadur 1647 127 72 30 42 214 Homestead Pakho Sim 20/90 Kha Ki.Ka Hari Bahadur Bhaluwajor -4 14/14 11 10 Kulman Sin Jasman 1648 127 Homestead Pakho Sim Tamang Kha 4 12 11 Kumar Bhujel Khamba Bhairab Bhaluwajor -4 746 696 56 22 34 640 Homestead Pakho Sim 15/17

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Area Total Total Area to Land within Remeani Land Land Area of Affecte be HH Name of Owner's Plot Six ng Area Loss Moth Remark S.N. Owner's Sheet No. Affected d Area Acquire Land Use Land Type ID Land Owner Grand No. Meter (Sq. Percen No. s Father Plot (Sq. (Sq. d (Sq. Father (Sq. Meter) tage Meter) Meter) Meter) Meter) Bahadur Kha Basanta Kumar Mohan Ram Bhaluwajor -4 13 12 974 127 32 11 21 95 Homestead Pakho Sim 23/3 Shrestha Kumar Bahadur Kha Hira Bdh. Ambar Bhaluwajor -4 14 13 975 350 32 11 21 318 Homestead Pakho Sim Shrestha Bahadur Kha Khadga Bahadur Bhaluwajor -4 Pakho 19 14 Nar Bahadur Lal Bahadur 1452 127 32 11 21 95 Homestead New Shrestha Kha Chahar Khadga Bahadur Bhaluwajor -4 Pakho 20 14 Nar Bahadur Lal Bahadur 1451 127 32 11 21 95 Homestead New Shrestha Kha Chahar Bhaluwajor -4 21 15 Aapsara Kaphle Yogendra Badri Prasad 1618 127 48 15 33 79 Homestead Pakho Sim New Kha Bhaluwajor -4 22 16 Sharada Poudel Shyam Raj Prem Raj 1619 127 48 15 33 79 Homestead Pakho Sim New Kha Bhakta Kumari Badri Ram Bhaluwajor -4 23 21 1879 127 Homestead Pakho Sim New Basnet Bahadur Chandra Kha 737 64 37 27 187 Bhaluwajor -4 Ki.Ka. 24 22 Nabin K. C. Prem Kumar Devi Prasad 1180 124 Homestead Pakho Sim New Kha Bishnu Bhaluwajor -4 15/16 25 17 Pramila Kasai 739 48 22 26 Homestead Pakho Sim Bahadur Kha 5 Ram Babu Giri Lal and Dhan and Bhaluwajor -4 26 18 740 254 72 45 27 182 Homestead Pakho Sim and Kalika Giri Tulasi Tirtha Raj Kha Padam Bahadur Bakhat Bhaluwajor -4 27 19 Samser 998 238 40 27 13 198 Homestead Pakho Sim 20/94 Khadka Bahadur Kha Som Bhaluwajor -4 28 20 Sarita Shrestha Chandra 1864 127 24 0 24 103 Homestead Pakho Sim 20/94 Bahadur Kha

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Area Total Total Area to Land within Remeani Land Land Area of Affecte be HH Name of Owner's Plot Six ng Area Loss Moth Remark S.N. Owner's Sheet No. Affected d Area Acquire Land Use Land Type ID Land Owner Grand No. Meter (Sq. Percen No. s Father Plot (Sq. (Sq. d (Sq. Father (Sq. Meter) tage Meter) Meter) Meter) Meter) Badri Bahadur Pakho Total 29 23 Tek Bahadur Ranadhoj Bhangeri-1 Ka 569 56 56 0 56 0 Homestead New Karki Chahar Area Shreeram Total 30 24 Bimala Subedi Ram Bhangeri-1 Ka 656 127 127 0 127 0 Homestead Pakho Sim New Subedi Area Bhawani, Sita Lok and Dev Tahal and 31 25 Bhangeri-1 Ka 729 143 16 0 16 127 Homestead Pakho Sim New Roka Bahadur Narad Nil Hari Pakho 32 26 Shiba Lal Jadu Nath Bhangeri-1 Ka 533 159 79 30 49 80 Homestead 25/76 Upadhaya Chahar Ram Bahadur Dangan Sin Pakho 25/12 33 27 Pahal Sing Bhangeri-1 Ka 522 159 64 15 49 95 Homestead Thapa Magar Thapa Chahar 4 Yadav Pakho 34 28 Suntali Nepali Birman Bhangeri-1 Ka 470 159 87 30 57 72 Homestead New Bahadur Chahar Surendra Kumar Bhakta Pakho 35 29 Hari Bahadur Bhangeri-1 Ka 421 159 95 37 58 64 Homestead 14/76 K.C. Bahadur Chahar Dhan Bahadur Ram Chandra 36 30 Bhangeri-1 Ka 704 167 Homestead Pakho Sim New Ghising Bahadur Bahadur 471+489 =698 Bhagawati Komal 37 31 Tek Bahadur Bhangeri-1 Ka 705 195 56 0 56 501 Homestead Pakho Sim New ki.ka Sherstha Bhadur 704,705, Him Kuamari Dhan Khaka 38 32 Bhangeri-1 Ka 706 195 Homestead Pakho Sim New 706 Shrestha Bahadur Bahadur Surendra Kumar Bhakta Pakho 39 29 Hari Bahadur Bhangeri-1 Ka 557 126 32 0 32 94 Homestead 14/76 K.C. Bahadur Chahar Tara Devi Bhakta Pakho 40 33 Min Bahadur Bhangeri-1 Ka 556 126 24 0 24 102 Homestead 22/54 Bhandari Bahadur Chahar 41 34 Kumar Karki Min Bahadur Tej Bahadur Bhangeri-1 Ka 409 127 16 0 16 111 Homestead Pakho Sim New

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Area Total Total Area to Land within Remeani Land Land Area of Affecte be HH Name of Owner's Plot Six ng Area Loss Moth Remark S.N. Owner's Sheet No. Affected d Area Acquire Land Use Land Type ID Land Owner Grand No. Meter (Sq. Percen No. s Father Plot (Sq. (Sq. d (Sq. Father (Sq. Meter) tage Meter) Meter) Meter) Meter) Yasodha Subedi Rabiraj and Naran and 42 35 and Bhagawati Bhangeri-1 Ka 422 181 119 45 74 62 Homestead Pakho Sim New Shambhu Hem Bhattari Janak Kumari 43 36 Puskal Bal Bahadur Bhangeri-1 Ka 483 126 24 0 24 102 Homestead Pakho Sim 17/25 Karki Gobinda Bahadur 44 37 Hire Phatte Bhangeri-1 Ka 482 126 16 0 16 110 Homestead Pakho Sim 17/28 Hayu Bhuwan Bahadur Bhim 26/11 45 38 Ranadhoj Bhangeri-1 Ka 498 1010 159 75 84 851 Homestead Pakho Sim Thapa Bahadur 4 Nirmala Devi 46 39 Tek Raj Bhuphari Bhangeri-1 Ka 518 338 56 30 26 282 Homestead Pakho Sim 23/69 Dahal Paudel Krishna Prasad Pakho 47 40 Bhakti Bilas Nil Bhadra Bhangeri-1 Ka 519 338 79 30 49 259 Homestead Poudel Doyam Padam Bhim 23/10 48 8 Bimmai Tamang Bhangeri-1 Ka 552 127 Homestead Pakho Sim Bahadur Bahadur 2 514 Ki 24 0 24 230 Dhan Bahadur Ka 49 41 Rame Bhuse Bhangeri-1 Ka 553 127 Homestead Pakho Sim New Sarki Jaya Bahadur Tahal Krishna 50 42 Bhangeri-1 Ka 694 143 79 22 57 64 Homestead Pakho Sim 18/97 Basnet Bahadur Bahadur Krishna Katak 51 43 Menuka Thapa Bhangeri-1 Ka 601 630 318 112 206 312 Homestead Pakho Sim New Bahadur Bahadur Tul Bahadur Man 52 44 Tika Ram Bhangeri-1 Ka 600 159 87 30 57 72 Homestead Pakho Sim 25/91 Bishwokarma Bahadur Kaji Das Chandra Man 53 45 Bhangeri-1 Ka 521 429 119 75 44 310 Homestead Pakho Sim 23/15 Shrestha Man Bahadur

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Area Total Total Area to Land within Remeani Land Land Area of Affecte be HH Name of Owner's Plot Six ng Area Loss Moth Remark S.N. Owner's Sheet No. Affected d Area Acquire Land Use Land Type ID Land Owner Grand No. Meter (Sq. Percen No. s Father Plot (Sq. (Sq. d (Sq. Father (Sq. Meter) tage Meter) Meter) Meter) Meter) Ram and Nita Magar and Harka and 54 46 Bhim Bhangeri-1 Ka 760 207 24 0 24 183 Homestead Pakho Sim New Ankita Shrestha Nar Bahadur Bahadur 23/15 55 47 Sita Karki Bed Bahadur Tak Bahadur Bhangeri-1 Ka 761 175 111 30 81 64 Homestead Pakho Sim 5 Gyan Bahadur Ganesh Chandra 23/17 56 48 Bhangeri-1 Ka 506 350 95 45 50 255 Homestead Pakho Sim Shrestha Bahadur Man 6 Hom Gunja 23/17 57 49 Sabitra Newar Bhangeri-1 Ka 507 350 79 30 49 271 Homestead Pakho Sim Bahadur Narayan 4 Narmada and Umesh and Krishna and 58 50 Bhangeri-1 Ka 478 375 40 15 25 335 Homestead Pakho Sim New Samjhana Dahal Krishna Mohan Dev bahadur Dhan 59 51 Baniyan Bhangeri-1 Ka 477 161 32 0 32 129 Homestead Pakho Sim 22/55 Shrestha Bahadur Ratna 22/13 60 52 Sabitra Shrestha Kabindra Bhangeri-1 Ka 476 191 16 0 16 175 Homestead Pakho Sim Bahadur 0 Rudra 61 53 Usha Timalsena Ramjee Bhangeri-1 Ka 540 95 8 0 8 87 Homestead Pakho Sim 23/6 Bahadur Kebal Bahadur Rudra 62 54 Rabilal Bhangeri-1 Ka 539 159 24 0 24 135 Homestead Pakho Sim 26/22 Timalsena Bahadur Durga Bahadur Man Harka 63 55 Bhangeri-1 Ka 538 254 64 30 34 190 Homestead Pakho Sim 24/58 Kathayat Bahadur Bahadur Bishnu Raj Puri Lal and Dhan Chakra and 64 56 and Mesh Raj Bhangeri-1 Ka 688 161 48 30 18 113 Homestead Pakho Sim New Bahadur Padam Raj Giri Deepak Kumar 65 57 Lila Bahadur Laxman Bhangeri-1 Ka 591 235 56 25 31 179 Homestead Pakho Sim 25/59 Jogi

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Area Total Total Area to Land within Remeani Land Land Area of Affecte be HH Name of Owner's Plot Six ng Area Loss Moth Remark S.N. Owner's Sheet No. Affected d Area Acquire Land Use Land Type ID Land Owner Grand No. Meter (Sq. Percen No. s Father Plot (Sq. (Sq. d (Sq. Father (Sq. Meter) tage Meter) Meter) Meter) Meter) Basanta Kumar Mohan Ram 66 12 Bhangeri-1 Ka 763 79 50 29 21 29 Homestead Pakho Sim New Shrestha Kumar Bahadur Ratna Bdh. Devi Das Harka and 67 58 Newar and Nim and Jas Bhangeri-1 Ka 762 79.49 16 0 16 63.49 Homestead Pakho Sim New Dal Bahadur Bdh. Shrestha Bahadur Kurma Hari Laxmi 68 59 Manahari Bhangeri-1 Ka 505 419 191 135 56 228 Homestead Pakho Sim 1/113 Subedi Prasad Surendra Kumar 69 29 Hari Bahadur Bhangeri-1 Ka 557 126 82 45 37 44 Homestead Pakho Sim 14/76 K.C. Som 70 60 Ser Bahadur Rai Bhangeri-1 Ka 558 95.39 28 12 16 67.39 Homestead Pakho Sim New Bahadur Narayan Tirtha 71 61 Prakash Subedi Bhangeri-1 Ka 751 2671 445 240 205 2226 Homestead Pakho Sim New prasad Prasad Pradip Raj Narayan Tirtha 72 62 Bhangeri-1 Ka 752 2035 509 240 269 1526 Homestead Pakho Sim New Subedi prasad Prasad Shaym Jhalak Bahadur Bahadur and Bhakta and 73 63 Bhangeri-1 Ka 715 127 24 0 24 103 Homestead Pakho Sim New and Hiralal Bishnu Lal Bahadur Prasad Tara Nidhi Surya 74 64 Bed Nidhi Bhangeri-1 Ka 716 1731 191 90 101 1540 Homestead Pakho Sim Subedi Bhakta Deep Krishna 75 65 Ramesh Khatri Bhangeri-1 Ka 713 127 16 0 16 111 Homestead Pakho Sim New Bahadur Bahadur Kedar Nath Bishnu 76 66 Tara Nath Bhangeri-1 Ka 589 860 103 75 28 757 Homestead Pakho Sim 1/115 Ghimire Prasad

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Area Total Total Area to Land within Remeani Land Land Area of Affecte be HH Name of Owner's Plot Six ng Area Loss Moth Remark S.N. Owner's Sheet No. Affected d Area Acquire Land Use Land Type ID Land Owner Grand No. Meter (Sq. Percen No. s Father Plot (Sq. (Sq. d (Sq. Father (Sq. Meter) tage Meter) Meter) Meter) Meter) Ram Bahadur Ananda Jaya 23/13 77 67 Bhangeri-1 Ka 448 393 95 35 60 298 Homestead Pakho Sim Budathoki Bahadur Bahadur 3 Aananda Jaya 78 67 Bahadur Dal Mardan Bhangeri-1 Ka 449 393 95 35 60 298 Homestead Pakho Sim 24/6 Bahadur Budathoki Durga Prasad Bishnu 79 68 Tara Nath Bhangeri-1 Ka 590 543 103 75 28 440 Homestead Pakho Sim 28-Apr Ghimire Prasad Tulasi Prasad Narayan 80 69 Jagat Prasad Bhangeri-1 Ka 309 3053 191 90 101 2862 Homestead Pakho Sim 3/159 Subedi prasad Tulasi Prasad Narayan 81 69 Jagat Prasad Bhangeri-1 Ka 297 3840 318 225 93 3522 Homestead Pakho Sim 3/159 Subedi prasad Kurma Hari Laxmi 82 59 Manohari Bhangeri-1 Ka 28 1925 159 105 54 1766 Homestead Pakho Sim 1/113 Subedi Prasad 83 70 Jitendra Subedi Manohari Bhangeri-1 Ka 29 1925 223 120 103 1702 Homestead Pakho Sim 13/70 Tara Nidhi Surya 84 64 Bednithi Bhangeri-1 Ka 30 660 95 38 57 565 Homestead Pakho Sim Subedi Bhakta Mahesh Raj 85 71 Som Hari Bhangeri-1 Ka 530 1039 334 105 229 705 Homestead Pakho Sim Subedi Ramesh Raj 23/12 86 72 Som Hari Manohari Bhangeri-1 Ka 529 1037 191 105 86 846 Homestead Pakho Sim Subedi 6 13/10 87 73 Nil Hari Subedi Manohari Bhangeri-1 Ka 337 2075 636 330 306 1439 Homestead Pakho Sim 7 Bindhu Devi Bishnu 88 74 Basudev Bhangeri-1 Ka 176 1782 318 150 168 1464 Homestead Pakho Sim 5/133 Ghimire Prasad

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Area Total Total Area to Land within Remeani Land Land Area of Affecte be HH Name of Owner's Plot Six ng Area Loss Moth Remark S.N. Owner's Sheet No. Affected d Area Acquire Land Use Land Type ID Land Owner Grand No. Meter (Sq. Percen No. s Father Plot (Sq. (Sq. d (Sq. Father (Sq. Meter) tage Meter) Meter) Meter) Meter) Gyanendra Bhair 15/13 89 75 Bahadur Dhananjaya Bhangeri-1 Ka 708 2097 286 180 106 1811 Homestead Pakho Sim Bahadur 8 Budhathoki Durga Bahadur Man 90 76 Mehar Sing Bhangeri-1 Ka 707 250 72 37 35 178 Homestead Pakho Sim New Thapa Bahadur Karna Bahadur Bhair 91 77 Bhangeri-1 Ka 379 1017 413 195 218 604.48 Homestead Pakho Sim 1*79 Budhathoki Bahadur Gautam Kumar Chandra Man 92 78 Bhangeri-1 Ka 686 91 Homestead Pakho Sim 23/30 Shrestha Man Bahadur 175 75 100 383 497 Ki.ka Gautam Kumar Chandra Man 93 78 Bhangeri-1 Ka 687 467 Homestead Pakho Sim 23/30 Shrestha Man Bahadur Hari Prasad Khet 94 79 Madhusudan Umanath Bhangeri-3 Ka 293 954 286 120 166 668 7.0 Upland 8/146 Ghimire Chahar Gobinda Prasad Pakho 95 80 Nil Raj Madhusudan Bhangeri-3 Ka 51 1297 111 75 36 1186 2.8 Upland 2*88 Ghimire Doyam Maheshwor Pakho 96 81 Nil Raj Madhusudan Bhangeri-3 Ka 33 1121 246 165 81 875 7.2 Upland 6*47 Ghimire Doyam Gopal Prasad Pakho 97 82 Khila Nath Dhir Nath Bhangeri-3 Ka 32 637 103 75 28 534 4.4 Upland 16/26 Ghimire Doyam Ganga Devi 98 83 Khila Nath Kul Bahadur Bhangeri-3 Ka 290 610 103 75 28 507 4.6 Low Land Pakho Sim 18/51 Rayamajhi Dhal Bahadur Pakho 99 84 Bhangeri-3 Ka 340 327 32 0 32 295 9.8 Low Land 21/14 Karki Doyam Pakho 100 85 Komalnath, Basudev Loknath Bhangeri-3 Ka 160 1518 32 0 32 1486 2.1 Low Land 23/25 Rajushree Doyam

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Area Total Total Area to Land within Remeani Land Land Area of Affecte be HH Name of Owner's Plot Six ng Area Loss Moth Remark S.N. Owner's Sheet No. Affected d Area Acquire Land Use Land Type ID Land Owner Grand No. Meter (Sq. Percen No. s Father Plot (Sq. (Sq. d (Sq. Father (Sq. Meter) tage Meter) Meter) Meter) Meter) Ghimire Uddav, Madhav, Pakho 101 86 Naran and Bharat Lekhnath Kashi Nath Bhangeri-3 Ka 161 3507 262 75 187 3245 9.1 Upland New Doyam Gimire Pakho 102 86 Bimal Ghimire Rebati Kashi Nath Bhangeri-3 Ka 162 700 421 225 196 279 9.1 Upland New Doyam Pakho 103 87 Lilanath Ghimire Dinanath Kashi Nath Bhangeri-3 Ka 163 597 183 67 116 414 0.0 Upland 7/149 Doyam Pashupati Prasad Pakho 104 88 Chiranjeebi Kashi Nath Bhangeri-3 Ka 164 2750 330 195 135 2420 4.9 Upland 5*10 Ghimire Doyam Bharat Kumar Chandra Narayan Pakho 105 89 Bhangeri-3 Ka 356 795 183 90 93 612 5.9 Upland 5/189 Ghimire Prasad Prasad Doyam Pradip Kumar Chandra Narayan Pakho 106 90 Bhangeri-3 Ka 355 773 278 105 173 495 3.0 Upland 5*1 Gimire Prasad Prasad Doyam Gopal Prasad Pakho 107 126 Bhoj Raj Kabi Datta Bhangeri-3 Ka 378 509 24 0 24 485 #REF! Upland Ghimire Doyam Pakho 108 92 Dinesh Ghimire Bhoj Raj Kabi Datta Bhangeri-3 Ka 379 167 105 62 0.3 Upland Doyam Bimal Kumar Pakho 109 124 Bhoj Raj Kabi Datta Bhangeri-3 Ka 380 493 165 328 NA Upland Ghimire Doyam Ripu Laxmi Tanka 110 93 Dhir Nath Bhangeri-3 Ka 182 549 64 45 19 485 9.2 Upland Pakho Sim 16/43 Ghimire Prasad Tanka Prasad 111 93 Dhir Nath Nar Nath Bhangeri-3 Ka 183 811 159 75 84 652 9.2 Upland Pakho Sim 3*10 Ghimire 112 93 Ripu Laxmi Tanka Dhir Nath Bhangeri-3 Ka 186 1049 223 105 118 826 9.2 Upland Pakho Sim 16/43

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Area Total Total Area to Land within Remeani Land Land Area of Affecte be HH Name of Owner's Plot Six ng Area Loss Moth Remark S.N. Owner's Sheet No. Affected d Area Acquire Land Use Land Type ID Land Owner Grand No. Meter (Sq. Percen No. s Father Plot (Sq. (Sq. d (Sq. Father (Sq. Meter) tage Meter) Meter) Meter) Meter) Ghimire Prasad Narayan Hari, Ganga 113 94 Shree Hari and Bhangeri-3 Ka 187 836 191 105 86 645 3.6 Upland Pakho Sim 4/132 Prasad Ramjee Ghimire Krishna Prasad Narayan 114 95 Ram Prasad Bhangeri-3 Ka 189 700 191 105 86 509 3.6 Upland Pakho Sim 17/13 Ghimire Prasad Ram Prasad Bishnu Rabi 115 96 Bhangeri-3 Ka 192 700 191 105 86 509 2.3 Upland Pakho Sim 7*49 Ghimire Prasad Chandra Ram Prasad Bishnu Rabi 116 96 Bhangeri-3 Ka 193 1020 270 150 120 750 1.5 Upland Pakho Sim 7*49 Ghimire Prasad Chandra Gopal Prasad Rabi 117 97 jeeba Raman Bhangeri-3 Ka 195 1655 421 225 196 1234 4.7 Upland Pakho Sim 1*84 Ghimire Chandra Dadi Ram Narayan 118 98 Prem Prasad Bhangeri-3 Ka 319 240 48 30 18 192 7.5 Upland Pakho Sim 12*27 Upadhaya Prasad Deepak Kumar Narayan 119 99 Prem Prasad Bhangeri-3 Ka 318 240 56 30 26 184 NA Upland Pakho Sim 15/28 Ghimire Prasad Kul Prasad Narayan 120 100 Prem Prasad Bhangeri-3 Ka 317 240 79 35 44 161 9.2 Upland Pakho Sim 15/84 Ghimire Prasad Bishnu Prasad Narayan 121 101 Prem Prasad Bhangeri-3 Ka 316 240 56 30 26 184 4.4 Upland Pakho Sim 12*15 Ghimire Prasad Krishna Prasad Narayan 122 95 Ram Prasad Bhangeri-3 Ka 347 350 111 75 36 239 6.3 Upland Pakho Sim 21/6 Ghimire Prasad Chandra Jaya 123 102 Chiranjeevi Raya Bhangeri-3 Ka 346 375 175 75 100 200 2.4 Upland Pakho Sim 24/31 Bahadur Bahadur 124 102 Chiranjeevi Raya Chandra Jaya Bhangeri-3 Ka 202 665 318 150 168 347 2.4 Upland Pakho Sim 24/31

89

Area Total Total Area to Land within Remeani Land Land Area of Affecte be HH Name of Owner's Plot Six ng Area Loss Moth Remark S.N. Owner's Sheet No. Affected d Area Acquire Land Use Land Type ID Land Owner Grand No. Meter (Sq. Percen No. s Father Plot (Sq. (Sq. d (Sq. Father (Sq. Meter) tage Meter) Meter) Meter) Meter) Bahadur Bahadur Ram Bahadur Aambar 20/11 125 103 Jaman Sing Bhangeri-3 Ka 339 366 254 75 179 112 0.9 Upland Pakho Sim Raya Bahadur 7 Durga Prasad Laxmi Rabi 126 104 Bhangeri-3 Ka 338 374 79 5 74 295 NA Upland Pakho Sim 20/68 Ghimire Prasad Chandra Kedar Prasad Fallow Pakho 127 105 Bhoj Raj Khil Prasad Bhangeri-3 Ja 14 310 56 0 56 254 0.4 20/16 Ghimire Land Doyam Bed Nath Fallow 128 106 Bhuwani Yemi Lal Bhangeri-3 Ja 9 1224 310 95 215 914 1.6 Pakho Sim 5/175 Upadhaya Land Krishna Prasad, Fallow Pakho 129 107 Maheshwor Madhusudan Prithibilal Bhangeri-3 Ja 10 438.39 79 0 79 359.39 0.9 1/136 Land Chahar Ghimire Raj Kumar Dharya Fallow Pakho 22/11 130 108 Aarka Lal Bhangeri-3 Ja 11 1003 389 195 194 614 1.7 Ghimire Prasad Land Chahar 3 Rudra Fallow Pakho 131 109 Bishnu Madi K.C. Thir Mani Bhangeri-3 Ja 12 2234 1367 0 1367 867 7.5 17/77 Prasad Land Chahar Govinda Mani Gobinda Fallow Pakho 132 110 Thir Mani Bhangeri-3 Ja 13 2234 223 0 223 2011 10.0 17/31 K.C. Prasad Land Chahar Khadga Bahadur Man Padam 133 111 Bhangeri-3 Ka 353 1876 9.1 Upland Pakho Sim 14/10 Khatri Bahadur Bahadur 179 350 180 170 1717 Khet Ki.Ka 134 112 Binda Subedi Lal Prasad Chandra Lal Bhangeri-3 Ka 354 191 0.0 Upland 14/52 Chahar Uddav Prasad Laxmi 135 113 Lila Prasad Bhangeri-3 Ga 31 1695 318 0 318 1377 NA Upland Pakho Sim 1*52 Ghimire Prasad 136 114 Narayan Hari Lila Prasad Laxmi Bhangeri-3 Ga 32 1510 238 0 238 1272 NA Upland Pakho Sim 4/134

90

Area Total Total Area to Land within Remeani Land Land Area of Affecte be HH Name of Owner's Plot Six ng Area Loss Moth Remark S.N. Owner's Sheet No. Affected d Area Acquire Land Use Land Type ID Land Owner Grand No. Meter (Sq. Percen No. s Father Plot (Sq. (Sq. d (Sq. Father (Sq. Meter) tage Meter) Meter) Meter) Meter) Gimire Prasad 13- 137 115 Jagate Gharti Surya Rame Bhangeri-3 Ga 34 5119 445 0 445 4674 2.2 Upland Pakho Sim Mar Sita, Bikram, Ratna Purna 138 116 Krishna Bahadur Bhangeri-3 Ga 105 1240 397 0 397 843 32.0 Upland Pakho Sim New Bahadur Bahadur Bhujel Bhupal Dev Purna Ram 139 117 Bhangeri-3 Ga 104 668 24 0 24 644 3.6 Upland Pakho Sim New Bhujel Bahadur Bahadur 140 115 Surya Gharti Rame Jairam Bhangeri-3 Ga 36 8968 1590 0 1590 7378 7.9 Upland Pakho Sim 8*13 Jeet Bahadur Purna Ram 141 118 Bhangeri-3 Ga 106 1526 254 0 254 1272 1.3 Upland Pakho Sim New Bhujel Bahadur Bahadur Sita, Bikram, Ratna Purna 142 116 Krishna Bahadur Bhangeri-3 Ga 105 1240 350 0 350 890 28.2 Upland Pakho Sim New Bahadur Bahadur Bhujel 143 115 Jagate Gharti Surya Rame Bhangeri-3 Ga 34 5120 636 0 636 4484 3.1 Upland Pakho Sim New Ram 144 116 Laxman Bhujel Jairam Bhangeri-3 Ga 63 11925 1076 0 1076 10849 9.0 Upland Pakho Sim 7/108 Bahadur Chandra Maa Krishna 145 120 Laxman Bhangeri-3 Ga 64 3808 795 0 795 3013 9.2 Upland Pakho Sim 21/24 Bhujel Bahadur Hari Kumar Ram 17/16 146 121 Lal Bahadur Bhangeri-3 Ga 65 3736 509 0 509 3227 8.8 Upland Pakho Sim Budhathoki Bahadur 4 147 122 Sane Damai Ichharam Damare Bhangeri-3 Ga 68 6225 509 0 509 5716 8.2 Upland Pakho Sim 9/149 Hasta Bahadur Pakho 12/18 148 123 Bal Bahadur Makar Dhoj Bhangeri-3 Ga 69 8506 890 0 890 7616 10.8 Upland Karki Chahar 7

91

Area Total Total Area to Land within Remeani Land Land Area of Affecte be HH Name of Owner's Plot Six ng Area Loss Moth Remark S.N. Owner's Sheet No. Affected d Area Acquire Land Use Land Type ID Land Owner Grand No. Meter (Sq. Percen No. s Father Plot (Sq. (Sq. d (Sq. Father (Sq. Meter) tage Meter) Meter) Meter) Meter) Hasta Bahadur Pakho 12/18 149 123 Bal Bahadur Makar Dhoj Bhangeri-3 Ga 69 8506 2236 0 2236 6270 10.8 Upland Karki Chahar 7 Hasta Bahadur 12/18 150 123 Bal Bahadur Makar Dhoj Bhangeri-3 Ga 78 14313 827 345 482 13486 10.8 Upland Pakho Sim Karki 7 Pakho 151 92 Dinesh Ghimire Bhoj Raj Kabi Datta Bhangeri-3 Ga 109 1280 254 112 142 1026 0.7 Upland Chahar Bimal Kumar Pakho 152 124 Bhoj Raj Kabi Datta Bhangeri-3 Ga 110 4165 1653 535 1118 2512 NA Upland Ghimire Chahar Hasta Bahadur Pakho 12/18 153 123 Bal Bahadur Makar Dhoj Bhangeri-3 Ga 80 2480 254 97 157 2226 10.8 Upland Karki Chahar 7 Gopal Prasad Pakho 154 91 Bhoj Raj Kabi Datta Bhangeri-3 Ga 111 6455 445 202 243 6010 3.8 Upland Ghimire Chahar Pakho 155 92 Dinesh Ghimire Bhoj Raj Kabi Datta Bhangeri-3 Ga 114 6677 1399 495 904 5278 4.5 Upland Chahar Gopal Prasad Pakho 156 91 Bhoj Raj Kabi Datta Bhangeri-3 Ga 113 1757 795 360 435 962 8.9 Upland Ghimire Chahar Gopal Prasad Pakho 157 91 Bhoj Raj Kabi Datta Bhangeri-3 Ga 111 6455 1081 450 631 5374 8.9 Upland Ghimire Chahar Hasta Bahadur Pakho 12/18 158 123 Bal Bahadur Makar Dhoj Bhangeri-3 Ga 78 14333 954 450 504 13379 10.8 Upland Karki Chahar 7 Sat Kumari Pakho 159 125 Bhoj Raj Kabi Datta Bhangeri-3 Ga 116 1663 87 0 87 1576 5.2 Upland Ghimire Chahar Surya Prasad Ishwori 160 127 Chandra Lal Bhangeri-3 Cha 16 4010 79 0 79 3931 2.0 Upland Pakho Sim Ghimire Prasad Ramesh Prasad Bhuwani 161 128 Mod Nath Bhangeri-3 Cha 21 111.29 8 0 8 103.29 0.1 Upland Pakho Sim 5*62 Ghimire Prasad

92

Area Total Total Area to Land within Remeani Land Land Area of Affecte be HH Name of Owner's Plot Six ng Area Loss Moth Remark S.N. Owner's Sheet No. Affected d Area Acquire Land Use Land Type ID Land Owner Grand No. Meter (Sq. Percen No. s Father Plot (Sq. (Sq. d (Sq. Father (Sq. Meter) tage Meter) Meter) Meter) Meter) Jhanak Kumari Mar- 162 126 Bhoj Raj Khil Prasad Bhangeri-3 Cha 20 2616 1017 675 342 1599 NA Upland Pakho Sim Ghimire 83 Ramesh Prasad Bhuwani 163 128 Mod Nath Bhangeri-3 Cha 21 111.21 40 24 16 71.21 0.2 Upland Pakho Sim 5*62 Ghimire Prasad Surya Prasad Ishwori 164 127 Chandra Lal Bhangeri-3 Cha 15 3710 1017 525 492 2693 7.3 Upland Pakho Sim 8*78 Ghimire Prasad Hari Prasad 165 129 Mukti Nath Chandra Lal Bhangeri-3 Cha 13 4366 986 405 581 3380 7.8 Upland Pakho Sim 8/147 Ghimire Bhuwani 166 106 Naba Raj Ghimire Bed Nath Bhangeri-3 Cha 12 2076 827 405 422 1249 5.1 Upland Pakho Sim 4*21 Prasad Surya Prasad Ishwori Pakho 167 127 Chandra Lal Bhangeri-3 Cha 10 2385 358 195 163 2027 7.3 Upland 8*78 Ghimire Prasad Doyam Ramesh Prasad Bhuwani 168 128 Mod Nath Bhangeri-3 Cha 9 3326 1049 570 479 2277 5.0 Upland Pakho Sim 5*62 Ghimire Prasad Min Kumari Bhuwani 169 130 Mohan Raj Bhangeri-3 Cha 23 3005 604 330 274 2401 5.8 Upland Pakho Sim 6/106 Ghimire Prasad Min Kumari Bhuwani Pakho 170 130 Mohan Raj Bhangeri-3 Cha 22 1520 445 270 175 1075 5.8 Upland 6/106 Ghimire Prasad Chahar Dinesh Kumar Bhuwani Pakho 171 130 Mohan Raj Bhangeri-3 Cha 53 4213 191 135 56 4022 5.8 Upland 10*84 Ghimire Prasad Chahar Baikhuntha Yagya 172 131 Padam Lal Bhangeri-3 Cha 26 3553 1367 570 797 2186 5.2 Upland Pakho Sim 5/179 Ghimire Prasad Baikhuntha Yagya Pakho 173 131 Padam Lal Bhangeri-3 Cha 28 4318 636 375 261 3682 1.7 Upland 5/179 Ghimire Prasad Doyam 174 132 Surya Prasad Padam Lal Laxmi Bhangeri-3 Cha 45 7116 795 375 420 6321 5.9 Upland Pakho Sim 8/179

93

Area Total Total Area to Land within Remeani Land Land Area of Affecte be HH Name of Owner's Plot Six ng Area Loss Moth Remark S.N. Owner's Sheet No. Affected d Area Acquire Land Use Land Type ID Land Owner Grand No. Meter (Sq. Percen No. s Father Plot (Sq. (Sq. d (Sq. Father (Sq. Meter) tage Meter) Meter) Meter) Meter) Ghimire Prasad Ramesh Kumar Surya 175 132 Padam Lal Bhangeri-3 Cha 49 13299 2130 1110 1020 11169 7.7 Upland Pakho Sim 7*7 Ghimire Prasad Surya 176 132 Mukunda Ghimire Padam Lal Bhangeri-3 Cha 44 6181 772 360 412 5409 6.7 Upland Pakho Sim 6/117 Prasad Chandra 177 133 Damodar Ghimire Bhangeri-3 Cha 40 2547 477 270 207 2070 8.1 Upland Pakho Sim Prasad Shiba Hari Bhangeri-3 178 135 Chandra Lal 13 4850 413 225 188 4437 3.9 Upland Pakho Sim Ghimire Gha Shiba Hari Bhangeri-3 179 135 Chandra Lal 117 4213 16 0 16 4197 0.4 Upland Pakho Sim Ghimire Gha Hari Prasad Bhangeri-3 180 136 Devi Raman Umanath 118 1017 159 100 59 858 5.8 Upland Pakho Sim 8/146 Ghimire Gha Bhangeri-3 181 138 Sita Devi Ghimire Ramesh Raj 10 3945 159 75 84 3786 2.1 Upland Pakho Sim Gha Netra Prasad Bhangeri-3 182 141 Umanath 8 8281 1335 555 780 6946 9.4 Upland Pakho Sim Neupane Gha Bishnu Bahadur Lachhe Bhangeri-3 183 142 119 7991 954 405 549 7037 6.9 Upland Pakho Sim Kasai Kasai Gha Shambhu Prasad Bhangeri-3 184 144 jeeba Raman 120 509 222 105 117 287 NA Upland Pakho Sim Ghimire Gha Madhab Prasad Chandra 185 146 Bhangeri-3 Cha 74 1432 64 45 19 1368 1.3 Upland Pakho Sim Ghimire Prasad Bharat Kumar Chandra Narayan 186 89 Bhangeri-3 Cha 73 1439 223 105 118 1216 9.4 Upland Pakho Sim Ghimire Prasad Prasad

94

Area Total Total Area to Land within Remeani Land Land Area of Affecte be HH Name of Owner's Plot Six ng Area Loss Moth Remark S.N. Owner's Sheet No. Affected d Area Acquire Land Use Land Type ID Land Owner Grand No. Meter (Sq. Percen No. s Father Plot (Sq. (Sq. d (Sq. Father (Sq. Meter) tage Meter) Meter) Meter) Meter) Pradip Kumar Chandra Narayan 187 90 Bhangeri-3 Cha 72 1375 175 45 130 1200 2.2 Upland Pakho Sim Gimire Prasad Prasad Chandra 188 133 Damodar Ghimire Bhangeri-3 Cha 42 6210 72 0 72 6138 1.2 Upland Pakho Sim Prasad Maheshwor 189 81 Nil Raj Madhusudan Bhangeri-3 Cha 38 4476 429 112 317 4047 7.1 Upland Pakho Sim 6*47 Ghimire Gobinda Prasad 190 80 Madhusudan Prabibilas Bhangeri-3 Cha 34 5311 604 300 304 4707 5.7 Upland Pakho Sim 2*88 Ghimire Maheshwor 191 81 Nil Raj Madhusudan Bhangeri-3 Cha 38 5016 382 180 202 4634 4.0 Upland Pakho Sim 6*47 Ghimire Krishna Prasad 192 107 Madhusudan Prithibi Bhangeri-3 Cha 37 3013 604 345 259 2409 8.6 Upland Pakho Sim 1/136 Ghimire Manmaya Rudra 193 109 Thir Mani Bhangeri-3 Cha 62 3052 24 0 24 3028 0.8 Upland Pakho Sim 17/94 Ghimire K.C. Prasad Rudra 194 109 Bishnu Mani K.C. Thir Mani Bhangeri-3 Cha 61 3052 159 75 84 2893 2.8 Upland Pakho Sim 17/66 Prasad Gobinda Mani Rudra 195 110 Thir Mani Bhangeri-3 Cha 60 3052 159 75 84 2893 2.8 Upland Pakho Sim 17/31 K.C. Prasad Madhav Madi Rudra 196 134 Thir Mani Bhangeri-3 Cha 59 3052 318 165 153 2734 5.0 Upland Pakho Sim K.C. Prasad Ram Kumar Bhangeri-3 Pakho 17/10 197 137 Khila Nath Dhir Nath 111 1856 119 75 44 1737 2.4 Upland Ghimire Gha Doyam 8 Ram Kumar Bhangeri-3 Pakho 17/10 198 137 Khila Nath Dhir Nath 109 3959 700 375 325 3259 8.2 Upland Ghimire Gha Doyam 8

95

Area Total Total Area to Land within Remeani Land Land Area of Affecte be HH Name of Owner's Plot Six ng Area Loss Moth Remark S.N. Owner's Sheet No. Affected d Area Acquire Land Use Land Type ID Land Owner Grand No. Meter (Sq. Percen No. s Father Plot (Sq. (Sq. d (Sq. Father (Sq. Meter) tage Meter) Meter) Meter) Meter) Upendra Raj Bhangeri-3 Pakho 199 139 Khila Nath Dhir Nath 110 3959 382 210 172 3577 4.3 Upland 17/4 Ghimire Gha Doyam Ganesh Prasad Bhangeri-3 Pakho 200 140 Indra Lal 91 1590 382 210 172 1208 NA Upland Ghimire Gha Doyam Damodar Prasad Ganesh Bhangeri-3 Pakho 201 140 Indra Lal 100 2812 64 0 64 2748 2.3 Upland 14/33 Ghimire Prasad Gha Doyam Damodar Prasad Ganesh Bhangeri-3 Pakho 202 140 Indra Lal 90 1113 127 90 37 986 3.3 Upland Ghimire Prasad Gha Doyam Gopal Prasad Bhangeri-3 203 82 Khila Nath Dhir Nath 27 1273 40 0 40 1233 8.5 Upland Pakho Sim 17/26 Ghimire Gha Ram Kumar Bhangeri-3 204 137 Khila Nath Dhir Nath 113 2723 572 315 257 2151 9.4 Upland Pakho Sim Ghimire Gha Upendra Raj Bhangeri-3 205 139 Khila Nath Dhir Nath 114 2723 159 75 84 2564 3.1 Upland Pakho Sim Ghimire Gha Aambika Kumari Komal Bhangeri-3 Pakho 206 143 Shiva Prasad 39 16153 1113 450 663 15040 4.1 Upland 23/2 Neupane Prasad Gha Chahar Ram Kumar Bhangeri-3 207 137 Khila Nath Dhir Nath 113 2723 541 270 271 2182 10.0 Upland Pakho Sim Ghimire Gha Gopal Prasad Bhangeri-3 208 82 Khila Nath Dhir Nath 27 1273 318 165 153 955 8.5 Upland Pakho Sim Ghimire Gha Hom Bhangeri-3 18/12 209 145 Bidur Pokhrel Deep Mani 26 620 445 165 280 175 NA Upland Pakho Sim Shankar Gha 2 Gopal Prasad Bhangeri-3 210 82 Khila Nath Dhir Nath 27 1273 382 225 157 891 8.5 Upland Pakho Sim Ghimire Gha

96

Area Total Total Area to Land within Remeani Land Land Area of Affecte be HH Name of Owner's Plot Six ng Area Loss Moth Remark S.N. Owner's Sheet No. Affected d Area Acquire Land Use Land Type ID Land Owner Grand No. Meter (Sq. Percen No. s Father Plot (Sq. (Sq. d (Sq. Father (Sq. Meter) tage Meter) Meter) Meter) Meter) Ram Kumar Bhangeri-3 211 137 Khila Nath Dhir Nath 113 2723 95 52 43 2628 1.6 Upland Pakho Sim Ghimire Gha Aambika Kumari Komal Bhangeri-3 212 143 Shiva Prasad 39 16153 286 120 166 15867 1.0 Upland Pakho Sim 23/2 Neupane Prasad Gha Kul Prasad Narayan 213 100 Prem Bhangeri-3 Kha 305 747 32 0 32 715 7.7 Upland Pakho Sim 15/8 Ghimire Prasad Bishnu Prasad Narayan 12/11 214 101 Prem Bhangeri-3 Kha 304 747 64 0 64 683 9.1 Upland Pakho Sim Ghimire Prasad 5 Krishna Prasad Narayan 215 95 Ram Prasad Bhangeri-3 Kha 381 1791 56 0 56 1735 6.3 Upland Pakho Sim 21/6 Ghimire Prasad Tirtha Raj Rudra Narayan 216 147 Bhangeri-3 Kha 380 1791 32 0 32 1759 1.8 Upland Pakho Sim 13/80 Ghimire Prasad Prasad Mohan Fallow Pakho 217 148 Mithu Shrestha Kriti Bahadur Bhangeri-4 Kha 1 6715 1272 510 762 5443 8.5 6/105 Bahadur Land Chahar Mohan Fallow 218 148 Mithu Shrestha Kriti Bahadur Bhangeri-4 Kha 2 5239 509 300 209 4730 5.2 Pakho Sim 6/105 Bahadur Land Khaga Raj Prem 219 149 Lal Bahadur Bhangeri-4 Kha 166 2171 64 0 64 2107 2.9 Upland Pakho Sim 4/121 Shrestha Bahadur Krishna Kumar Prem 220 150 Lal Bahadur Bhangeri-4 Kha 165 1653 763 450 313 890 4.2 Upland Pakho Sim 21/15 Shrestha Bahadur Mohan 221 148 Mithu Shrestha Kriti Bahadur Bhangeri-4 Kha 11 3292 382 225 157 2910 5.2 Upland Pakho Sim 6/105 Bahadur Krishna Devi, Pakho 222 151 Pasupati Mani Nabaraj Bhangeri-4 Kha 12 1600 199 75 124 1401 0.0 Upland 4/123 Doyam Shrestha

97

Area Total Total Area to Land within Remeani Land Land Area of Affecte be HH Name of Owner's Plot Six ng Area Loss Moth Remark S.N. Owner's Sheet No. Affected d Area Acquire Land Use Land Type ID Land Owner Grand No. Meter (Sq. Percen No. s Father Plot (Sq. (Sq. d (Sq. Father (Sq. Meter) tage Meter) Meter) Meter) Meter) Mohan Bahadur Khadga 223 148 Kriti Bahadur Bhangeri-4 Ka 50 8235 300 200 100 7935 5.2 Homestead Pakho Sim 6/132 Shrestha Bahadur Siddi Bahadur Khadga 224 152 Kriti Bahadur Bhangeri-4 Kha 36 1117 127 0 127 990 2.8 Homestead Pakho Sim Shrestha Bahadur Nir Bahadur Khadga 225 153 Kriti Bahadur Bhangeri-4 Kha 29 5502 95 0 95 5407 1.7 Homestead Pakho Sim 4/139 Shrestha Bahadur Lok Maya Aakal Indra 24/12 226 154 Bhangeri-4 Kha 185 701 16 0 16 685 2.3 Homestead Pakho Sim Shrestha Bahadur Bahadur 7 Surya Bahadur Indra 24/12 227 155 Kriti Bahadur Bhangeri-4 Kha 186 700 24 0 24 676 3.4 Homestead Pakho Sim Shrestha Bahadur 6 Tulasi Dash Indra 228 156 Kriti Bahadur Bhangeri-4 Kha 187 700 24 0 24 676 3.4 Homestead Pakho Sim 24/26 Shrestha Bahadur Tilak Bahadur Harka 229 157 Bhairab Bhangeri-4 Kha 39 4676 636 495 141 4040 3.0 Homestead Pakho Sim 3/147 Shrestha Bahadur Unable to find in Unable to Unable to 230 0 Bhangeri-4 Ka 193 191 113 78 Homestead Moth find in Moth find in Moth Unable to find in Unable to Unable to 231 0 Bhangeri-4 Ka 403 Homestead Moth find in Moth find in Moth 173 382 263 120 Unable to find in Unable to Unable to Ki.Ka. 232 0 Bhangeri-4 Ka 404 Homestead Moth find in Moth find in Moth Chandra Bahadur Harka Pakho 233 158 Bhairab Bhangeri-4 Kha 43 1177 95 75 20 1082 1.7 Homestead 2/126 Shrestha Bahadur Doyam Shankar Bahadur Bhim Ganesh Pakho 234 156 Bhangeri-4 Kha 44 942 95 75 20 847 2.1 Homestead 8/129 Shrestha Bahadur Bahadur Doyam 235 151 Krishna Devi, Nabaraj Mukti Bhangeri-4 Kha 142 262 32 0 32 230 8.4 Homestead Pakho 4/122

98

Area Total Total Area to Land within Remeani Land Land Area of Affecte be HH Name of Owner's Plot Six ng Area Loss Moth Remark S.N. Owner's Sheet No. Affected d Area Acquire Land Use Land Type ID Land Owner Grand No. Meter (Sq. Percen No. s Father Plot (Sq. (Sq. d (Sq. Father (Sq. Meter) tage Meter) Meter) Meter) Meter) Pasupati Kiran Doyam Tulasi Bahadur Ganesh Pakho 236 159 Mukti Nath Bhangeri-4 Kha 143 159 16 0 16 143 0.7 Homestead 13/84 Shrestha Bahadur Doyam Ganesh Pakho 237 160 Niraj Shrestha Raya Bhakta Bhangeri-4 Kha 183 254 159 75 84 95 NA Homestead 24/65 Bhakta Doyam Dhurba Kumar Ganesh Pakho 238 161 Dhir Bahadur Bhangeri-4 Kha 184 405 318 150 168 87 NA Homestead 24/62 Shrestha Bhakta Doyam Dhurba Kumar Ganesh Pakho 239 161 Bir Bahadur Bhangeri-4 Kha 51 660 199 175 24 461 3.6 Homestead Shrestha Bahadur Doyam Gorakh Laxmi Indra Pakho 240 162 Lal Bahadur Bhangeri-4 Ka 309 1731 191 75 116 1540 6.7 Homestead 2*96 Shrestha Bahadur Doyam Shree Krishana Indra Pakho 241 163 Lal Bahadur Bhangeri-4 Ka 310 159 16 0 16 143 0.2 Homestead 1*1 Shrestha Bahadur Doyam Raj Kumar Indra Pakho 23/13 242 164 Lal Bahadur Bhangeri-4 Ka 311 159 48 22 26 111 NA Homestead Ghimire Bahadur Doyam 6 Ram Krishna Indra Pakho 243 165 Lal Bahadur Bhangeri-4 Ka 312 159 40 20 20 119 NA Homestead 7*26 Shrestha Bahadur Doyam Naba Raj Prem Pakho 244 166 Lal Bahadur Bhangeri-4 Ka 251 763 95 75 20 668 2.6 Homestead 4/121 Shrestha Bahadur Doyam Krishana Kumar Prem Pakho 245 150 Lal Bahadur Bhangeri-4 Ka 252 763 64 45 19 699 2.5 Homestead 21/15 Shrestha Bahadur Doyam Baburam 18/11 246 167 Ram Lal Jagat Lal Bhangeri-4 Ka 226 891 191 105 86 700 9.7 Homestead Pakho Sim Shrestha 9 Narayan Kumar Sher Pakho 18/10 247 168 Bal Bhadra Bhangeri-4 Ka 227 184 111 60 51 73 NA Homestead Shrestha Bahadur Doyam 0

99

Area Total Total Area to Land within Remeani Land Land Area of Affecte be HH Name of Owner's Plot Six ng Area Loss Moth Remark S.N. Owner's Sheet No. Affected d Area Acquire Land Use Land Type ID Land Owner Grand No. Meter (Sq. Percen No. s Father Plot (Sq. (Sq. d (Sq. Father (Sq. Meter) tage Meter) Meter) Meter) Meter) Hari Kumar Sher 11/11 248 169 Bal Bhadra Bhangeri-4 Ka 228 191 32 20 12 159 6.3 Homestead Pakho Sim Shrestha Bahadur 7 BrahmakumaBrahmakuma Brahmakumari ri Raj Youg ri Raj Youg Pakho 26/10 249 0 Raj Youg Sewa Bhangeri-4 Ka 315 254 16 0 16 238 Homestead Sewa Sewa Doyam 6 Kendra Kendra Kendra Gorakh Bahadur Pakho 250 170 Gokul Das Bhangeri-4 Kha 93 843 64 48 16 779 1.9 Homestead 21/23 Shrestha Doyam Gorakh, Gokul, Pradip, Sudip, Pakho 251 171 Ganesh, Gokul, Bhangeri-4 Kha 94 111 81 40 41 30 0.3 Homestead 25/81 Gyan Doyam Ganesh Chandraman Ram Kumar Pakho 252 172 Ganesh Das Krishna Das Bhangeri-4 Ka 216 3688 40 0 40 3648 1.1 Homestead 9/147 Shrestha Doyam Shambhu Kumar Ganesh Pakho 18/18 253 173 Krishna Das Bhangeri-4 Ka 208 2381 24 0 24 2357 1.0 Homestead Shrestha Bahadur Doyam 3 Gorakh Bahadur Surat Pakho 254 174 Bhakta Bhangeri-4 Ka 73 2489 24 0 24 2465 1.0 Homestead 2*93 Shrestha Bahadur Doyam Gorakh Bahadur Surat Pakho 255 174 Bhakta Bhangeri-4 Kha 95 4977 223 90 133 4754 2.7 Homestead 21/23 Shrestha Bahadur Doyam Gorakh, Gokul, Pradip, Sudip, Pakho 256 171 Ganesh, Gokul, Bhangeri-4 Kha 99 4858 477 150 327 4381 6.7 Homestead 25/21 Gyan Doyam Ganesh Chandraman Krishna Pakho 257 175 Shyam Gopal Bhairab Bhangeri-4 Ka 75 406 16 0 16 390 3.9 Homestead 8*39 Gopal Doyam Krishna, Shree 258 176 Moti Lal Kus Lal Bhangeri-4 Ka 78 971 16 0 16 955 1.6 Homestead Pakho 18/31 Krishna Man,

100

Area Total Total Area to Land within Remeani Land Land Area of Affecte be HH Name of Owner's Plot Six ng Area Loss Moth Remark S.N. Owner's Sheet No. Affected d Area Acquire Land Use Land Type ID Land Owner Grand No. Meter (Sq. Percen No. s Father Plot (Sq. (Sq. d (Sq. Father (Sq. Meter) tage Meter) Meter) Meter) Meter) Rameshwor Doyam Ram Gopal Krishna Pakho 259 177 Bhairab Jung Bhangeri-4 Ka 343 1630 16 0 16 1614 1.0 Homestead Shrestha Gopal Doyam Chandi Devi Gyan Pakho 260 178 Swyam Babu Bhangeri-4 Kha 167 4340 286 112 174 4054 4.0 Homestead 22/30 Shrestha Bahadur Doyam Krishna Pakho 261 177 Laxmi Shrestha Ram Gopal Bhangeri-4 Ka 346 1304 16 0 16 1288 1.2 Homestead Bahadur Doyam Rama Devi Krishna 25/13 262 179 Hari Gopal Bhangeri-4 Ka 345 127 16 0 16 111 NA Homestead Pakho Sim Shrestha Bahadur 6 Ratna Lala 263 180 Jagat Lal Benu Lal Bhangeri-4 Ka 82 820 16 0 16 804 2.0 Homestead Pakho Sim 7*23 Shrestha Durga Devi Gyan Pakho 264 181 Narayan Bhangeri-4 Kha 168 3859 191 90 101 3668 2.6 Homestead 4*27 Shrestha Bahadur Doyam Krishna Bhakta 265 182 Ratna Lal Jagat Lal Bhangeri-4 Ka 85 1400 24 0 24 1376 1.7 Homestead Pakho Sim 19/12 Shrestha Kunchha Devi 266 183 Buddi Lal Hari Lal Bhangeri-4 Kha 156 3659 40 0 40 3619 1.1 Homestead Pakho Sim 25/15 Shrestha Durga Bahadur 267 184 Bamsha Man Jit Bhakta Bhangeri-4 Ka 87 2855 111 0 111 2744 3.9 Homestead Pakho Sim 8/162 Shrestha Baburam Pakho 18/11 268 167 Ram Lal Jagat Lal Bhangeri-4 Ka 225 1017 159 53 106 858 2.3 Homestead Shrestha Chahar 9 Baburam 18/11 269 167 Ram Lal Jagat Lal Bhangeri-4 Ka 226 891 127 45 82 764 9.2 Homestead Pakho Sim Shrestha 9 Ram Kumari 270 185 Kumar Jung Benu Lal Bhangeri-4 Ka 89 2211 223 128 95 1988 4.3 Homestead Pakho Sim 7*30 Shrestha

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Area Total Total Area to Land within Remeani Land Land Area of Affecte be HH Name of Owner's Plot Six ng Area Loss Moth Remark S.N. Owner's Sheet No. Affected d Area Acquire Land Use Land Type ID Land Owner Grand No. Meter (Sq. Percen No. s Father Plot (Sq. (Sq. d (Sq. Father (Sq. Meter) tage Meter) Meter) Meter) Meter) Aananda Ram Chandra 271 186 Kashi Man Bhangeri-4 Ka 255 644 64 45 19 580 3.0 Homestead Pakho Sim 1*27 Shrestha Man Gopi Krishna Chandra 272 187 Kashi Man Bhangeri-4 Ka 256 644 16 0 16 628 2.5 Homestead Pakho Sim 2*75 Shrestha Man Pakho 273 87 Lila Nath Ghimire Dinanath Kashi Nath Bhangeri-3 Jha 2 509 40 0 40 469 7.9 Upland 7/149 Chahar Ram Prasad Bishnu Rabi Pakho 274 96 Bhangeri-3 Jha 3 684 159 105 54 525 1.5 Upland 7*49 Ghimire Prasad Chandra Chahar Komalnath, Pakho 275 85 Rajushree Lekhnath Loknath Bhangeri-3 Jha 6 1813 40 0 40 1773 2.2 Upland 23/25 Chahar Ghimire Tulasa Devi Labashree 276 188 Ram Prasad Bhangeri-3 Jha 35 431 16 0 16 415 3.7 Upland Pakho Sim 16/15 Neuapane Neupane 277 189 Santosh Kasai Hari Bahadur Mehar Man Bhangeri-3 Jha 34 4857 64 0 64 4793 1.3 Upland Pakho Sim New 278 189 Santosh Kasai Hari Bahadur Mehar Man Bhangeri-3 Jha 9 8561 119 0 119 8442 1.4 Upland Pakho Sim New Pakho 279 190 Aambika Ghimire Tirtha Raj Ram Prasad Bhangeri-3 Jha 16 10645 763 480 283 9882 2.7 Upland 15/2 Chahar 280 190 Aambika Ghimire Tirtha Raj Ram Prasad Bhangeri-3 Jha 20 2051 509 300 209 1542 3.3 Upland Pakho Sim 15/2 Gyan 22/10 281 189 Ranjana Kasai Dil Bahadur Bhangeri-3 Jha 31 628 79 0 79 549 1.8 Upland Pakho Sim Bahadur 9 Bhangeri-3 282 190 Aambika Ghimire Tirtha Raj Ram Prasad 54 5326 183 75 108 5143 3.3 Upland Pakho Sim 15/2 Gha Binda Kumari Kamal Bhangeri-3 22- 283 191 Gokul 112 4642 64 30 34 4578 0.7 Upland Pakho Sim Shrestha Bahadur Gha Nov

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Area Total Total Area to Land within Remeani Land Land Area of Affecte be HH Name of Owner's Plot Six ng Area Loss Moth Remark S.N. Owner's Sheet No. Affected d Area Acquire Land Use Land Type ID Land Owner Grand No. Meter (Sq. Percen No. s Father Plot (Sq. (Sq. d (Sq. Father (Sq. Meter) tage Meter) Meter) Meter) Meter) Saraswoti Bhangeri-3 284 192 Kamal Gokul 31 3244 286 150 136 2958 4.2 Upland Pakho Sim Shrestha Gha

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Annex - 2: Inventory of Affected PrivateTrees

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Annex 2.1: Affected Private Trees (Timber)-MR Road

S.N. ID Name of Tree Owner Address Settlement Sheet No. Plot No. Tree Species Number Ramechhap-3, 1 125 Gopal Prasad Ghimire Babiyakharka Bhangeri-3 Ga 111 Sal 4 Ramechhap Ramechhap-3, 2 126 Sat Kumari Ghimire Babiyakharka Bhangeri-3 Ga 116 Chilaune 1 Ramechhap Ramechhap-3, 3 126 Sat Kumari Ghimire Babiyakharka Bhangeri-3 Ga 116 Sal 1 Ramechhap Ramechhap-3, 4 127 Surya Prasad Ghimire Babiyakharka Bhangeri-3 Cha 15 Sallo 1 Ramechhap Ramechhap-3, 5 130 Dinesh Kumar Ghimire Babiyakharka Bhangeri-3 Cha 22 Chilaune 1 Ramechhap There are other timber trees which will be affacted during the road improvement, but the inventory team became unable to incorporate due to the new

alignment in the Jungle/bush area.

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Annex 2.2: Affected Private Trees (Fodder)-MR Road

S.N. ID Name of Tree Owner Address Settlement Sheet No. Plot No. Tree Species Number 1 81 Krishna Prasad Ghimire Ramechhap-3, Ramechhap Bitar Bhangeri-3 Ka 33 Gideri 1 2 81 Krishna Prasad Ghimire Ramechhap-3, Ramechhap Bitar Bhangeri-3 Ka 33 Dabdabe 2 3 81 Krishna Prasad Ghimire Ramechhap-3, Ramechhap Bitar Bhangeri-3 Ka 33 Sindure 1 4 83 Prem Bahadur Raya Ramechhap-3, Ramechhap Bitar Bhangeri-3 Ka 290 Gideri 3 5 85 Komal Nath Ghimire Ramechhap-3, Ramechhap Bitar Bhangeri-3 Ka 160 Dabdabe 1 6 85 Komal Nath Ghimire Ramechhap-3, Ramechhap Bitar Bhangeri-3 Ka 160 Kutmero 1 7 86 Uddav Ghimire Ramechhap-3, Ramechhap Bitar Bhangeri-3 Ka 162 Gideri 1 8 97 Gopal Prasad Ghimire Ramechhap-3, Ramechhap Bitar Bhangeri-3 Ka 195 Gayo 1 9 97 Gopal Prasad Ghimire Ramechhap-3, Ramechhap Bitar Bhangeri-3 Ka 195 Gideri 2 10 98 Dadi Ram Upadhaya Ramechhap-3, Ramechhap Bitar Bhangeri-3 Ka 319 Gideri 1 11 99 Deepak Kumar Ghimire Ramechhap-3, Ramechhap Bitar Bhangeri-3 Ka 318 Gideri 2 12 100 Kul Prasad Ghimire Ramechhap-3, Ramechhap Bitar Bhangeri-3 Ka 317 Gideri 1 13 100 Kul Prasad Ghimire Ramechhap-3, Ramechhap Bitar Bhangeri-3 Ka 317 Ipilipi 1 14 101 Bishnu Prasad Ghimire Ramechhap-3, Ramechhap Bitar Bhangeri-3 Ka 316 Gideri 2 15 101 Bishnu Prasad Ghimire Ramechhap-3, Ramechhap Bitar Bhangeri-3 Ka 316 Ipilipi 1 16 95 Krishna Prasad Ghimire Ramechhap-3, Ramechhap Bitar Bhangeri-3 Ka 347 Gayo 1 17 102 Chiranjivee Raya Ramechhap-3, Ramechhap Bitar Bhangeri-3 Ka 202 Dabdabe 1 18 116 Sita Bhujel Ramechhap-3, Ramechhap Daregauda Bhangeri-3 Ga 105 Gideri 3 19 118 Jeet Bahadur Bhujel Ramechhap-3, Ramechhap Daregauda Bhangeri-3 Ga 106 Gideri 3 20 127 Surya Prasad Ghimire Ramechhap-3, Ramechhap Babiyakharka Bhangeri-3 Cha 16 Gidari 1 21 127 Surya Prasad Ghimire Ramechhap-3, Ramechhap Babiyakharka Bhangeri-3 Cha 16 Badar 1

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S.N. ID Name of Tree Owner Address Settlement Sheet No. Plot No. Tree Species Number 22 127 Surya Prasad Ghimire Ramechhap-3, Ramechhap Babiyakharka Bhangeri-3 Cha 15 Kutmero 1 23 128 Mod Nath Ghimire Ramechhap-3, Ramechhap Babiyakharka Bhangeri-3 Cha 9 Gidari 3 24 128 Mod Nath Ghimire Ramechhap-3, Ramechhap Babiyakharka Bhangeri-3 Cha 9 Pipal 1 25 130 Dinesh Kumar Ghimire Ramechhap-3, Ramechhap Babiyakharka Bhangeri-3 Cha 23 Koiralo 1 26 130 Dinesh Kumar Ghimire Ramechhap-3, Ramechhap Babiyakharka Bhangeri-3 Cha 23 Gayo 1 27 130 Dinesh Kumar Ghimire Ramechhap-3, Ramechhap Babiyakharka Bhangeri-3 Cha 22 Badar 1 28 130 Dinesh Kumar Ghimire Ramechhap-3, Ramechhap Babiyakharka Bhangeri-3 Cha 53 Kutmero 5 29 132 Surya Prasad Ghimire Ramechhap-3, Ramechhap Babiyakharka Bhangeri-3 Cha 45 Kutmero 1 30 132 Surya Prasad Ghimire Ramechhap-3, Ramechhap Babiyakharka Bhangeri-3 Cha 49 Khanayo 1 31 132 Sita Devi Ghimire Ramechhap-3, Ramechhap Babiyakharka Bhangeri-3 Gha 10 Jamuna 1 32 138 Sita Devi Ghimire Ramechhap-3, Ramechhap Babiyakharka Bhangeri-3 Gha 10 Fadil 1 33 107 Krishna Prasad Ghimire Ramechhap-3, Ramechhap Babiyakharka Bhangeri-3 Cha 37 Ipilipi 6 34 107 Krishna Prasad Ghimire Ramechhap-3, Ramechhap Babiyakharka Bhangeri-3 Cha 37 Gidari 2 35 107 Krishna Prasad Ghimire Ramechhap-3, Ramechhap Babiyakharka Bhangeri-3 Cha 37 Kutmero 1 36 189 Santosh Kasai Ramechhap-3, Ramechhap Babiyakharka Bhangeri-3 Jha 34 Kutmero 2 37 170 Gorakh Bahadur Shrestha Ramechhap-4, Ramechhap Bhangeri Bhangeri-4 Kha 95 Kutmero 1 38 178 Swyan Babu Shrestha Ramechhap-4, Ramechhap Bhangeri Bhangeri-4 Kha 167 Kutmero 2 39 181 Narayan Babu Shrestha Ramechhap-4, Ramechhap Bhangeri Bhangeri-4 Kha 168 Kutmero 2

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Annex 2.3: Affected Private Trees (Fruit)-MR Road S.N. ID Name of Tree Owner Address Settlement Sheet No. Plot No. Tree Species Number 1 81 Krishna Prasad Ghimire Ramechhap-3, Ramechhap Babiyakharka Bhangeri-3 Ka 33 Mango 2 2 83 Prem Bahadur Raya Ramechhap-3, Ramechhap Babiyakharka Bhangeri-3 Ka 290 Mango 1 3 85 Komal Nath Ghimire Ramechhap-3, Ramechhap Babiyakharka Bhangeri-3 Ka 160 Mango 1 4 86 Uddav Ghimire Ramechhap-3, Ramechhap Babiyakharka Bhangeri-3 Ka 161 Mango 1 5 86 Uddav Ghimire Ramechhap-3, Ramechhap Babiyakharka Bhangeri-3 Ka 161 Gauva 1 6 86 Uddav Ghimire Ramechhap-3, Ramechhap Babiyakharka Bhangeri-3 Ka 161 Banana 2 7 88 Shiva Prasad Ghimire Ramechhap-3, Ramechhap Babiyakharka Bhangeri-3 Ka 164 Banana 34 8 95 Gita Devi Ghimire Ramechhap-3, Ramechhap Babiyakharka Bhangeri-3 Ka 189 Mango 1 9 130 Dinesh Kumar Ghimire Ramechhap-3, Ramechhap Babiyakharka Bhangeri-3 Cha 22 Mango 2 10 130 Dinesh Kumar Ghimire Ramechhap-3, Ramechhap Babiyakharka Bhangeri-3 Cha 22 Peach 2 11 130 Dinesh Kumar Ghimire Ramechhap-3, Ramechhap Babiyakharka Bhangeri-3 Cha 53 Peach 2 12 132 Surya Prasad Ghimire Ramechhap-3, Ramechhap Babiyakharka Bhangeri-3 Cha 49 Banana 15 13 148 Mitthu Devi Ramechhap-4, Ramechhap Bhangeri Bhangeri-4 Ka 50 Sweet Orange 8 14 170 Gorakh Bahadur Shrestha Ramechhap-4, Ramechhap Bhangeri Bhangeri-4 Kha 93 Lemon 1 15 170 Gorakh Bahadur Shrestha Ramechhap-4, Ramechhap Bhangeri Bhangeri-4 Kha 95 Lemon 3 16 171 Pradip Shrestha Ramechhap-4, Ramechhap Bhangeri Bhangeri-4 Kha 99 Okhar 2 17 171 Pradip Shrestha Ramechhap-4, Ramechhap Bhangeri Bhangeri-4 Kha 99 Lemon 1 18 178 Swyan Babu Shrestha Ramechhap-4, Ramechhap Bhangeri Bhangeri-4 Kha 167 Sweet Orange 1 19 181 Narayan Babu Shrestha Ramechhap-4, Ramechhap Bhangeri Bhangeri-4 Kha 168 Okhar 2 20 183 Buddi Lal Shrestha Ramechhap-4, Ramechhap Bhangeri Bhangeri-4 Kha 156 Okhar 3 21 0 Brahmadevi Raj Sewa Kendra Ramechhap-4, Ramechhap Bhangeri Bhangeri-4 Ka 345 Sweet Orange 1 22 186 Aananda Ram Shrestha Ramechhap-4, Ramechhap Bhangeri Bhangeri-4 Ka 255 Banana 8 23 187 Gopi Krishna Shrestha Ramechhap-4, Ramechhap Bhangeri Bhangeri-4 Ka 256 Banana 12 24 86 Uddav Ghimire Ramechhap-3, Ramechhap Babiyakharka Bhangeri-3 Ka 161 Rittha 1

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S.N. ID Name of Tree Owner Address Settlement Sheet No. Plot No. Tree Species Number 25 103 Ram Bahadur Raya Ramechhap-3, Ramechhap Babiyakharka Bhangeri-3 Ka 339 Belpatra 1 Annex 2.4: Affected Private Trees (Bamboo)-MR Road

S.N. ID Name of Tree Owner Address Settlement Sheet No. Plot No. Tree Species Number 1 127 Surya Prasad Ghimire Ramechhap-3, Ramechhap Babiyakharka Bhangeri-3 Cha 15 Bamboo 15 2 132 Surya Prasad Ghimire Ramechhap-3, Ramechhap Babiyakharka Bhangeri-3 Cha 49 Bamboo 50 3 189 Santosh Kasai Ramechhap-3, Ramechhap Babiyakharka Bhangeri-3 Jha 34 Bamboo 30

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Annex - 3: Inventory of Affected Private Structure

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Annex 3: List of Affected Private Structure-MR Road

Measurement Area Structure Plot Side Structure Description of the No of Construction S.N. ID Address Settlement Sheet No. Present Use (Feet) (Suaare Remarks Owner No. (R/L) Type Structure Storey Year L B Feet)

Stone and mud wall with Bimmai Manthali-4, Bhaluwajor- Semi- Partial 1 8 Machhedandi 939 L Residential zinc roof and plastered by 14.85 8.58 1 127.41 2050 Tamang Ramechhap 4 Kha Mordern Loss mud mortar

Stone and mud wall with Dhal Bahadur Ramechhap-3, Bhangeri-3 Semi- 2 84 Bitar 340 R Animal Shed zinc roof and plastered by 17.16 12.05 2 413.38 2067 Karki Ramechhap Ka Mordern mud mortar

Stone and mud wall with Ram Bahadur Ramechhap-3, Bhangeri-3 Semi- 3 103 Bitar 339 L Residential Stone roof and plastered 24.75 14.19 3 1053.61 2060 Raya Ramechhap Ka Mordern by mud mortar

Attached Stone and mud wall with Ram Bahadur Ramechhap-3, Bhangeri-3 Semi- with 4 103 Bitar 339 L Store zinc roof and plastered by 10.23 10.89 2 222.81 2060 Raya Ramechhap Ka Mordern above mud mortar Structure

Chandra Stone and mud wall with Ramechhap-4, Bhangeri-4 Semi- 5 158 Bahadur Bhangeri 43 L Trade zinc roof and plastered by 23.93 12.87 2 615.83 2066 Ramechhap Kha Mordern Shrestha mud mortar

Stone and mud wall with Shankar B. Ramechhap-4, Bhangeri-4 Semi- 6 156 Bhangeri 44 L Trade Stone roof and plastered 15.84 14.85 2 470.45 2045 Shrestha Ramechhap Kha Mordern by mud mortar

Krishna Devi, Stone and mud wall with Ramechhap-4, Bhangeri-4 Semi- 7 151 Pasupati, Kiran Bhangeri 142 L Trade zinc roof and plastered by 21.45 11.88 2 509.65 2044 Ramechhap Kha Mordern Shrestha mud mortar

Stone and mud wall with Shiva Ram Ramechhap-4, Bhangeri-4 Semi- 8 185 Bhangeri 89 R Residential Stone roof and plastered 26.40 17.82 3 1411.34 2043 Shrestha Ramechhap Ka Mordern by mud mortar

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Annex - 4: Minutes of Public Consultation

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122

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Annex - 5: Cost Estimation of Affected Assets

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Annex 5.1: Structure Costing Norms Category of Structure and Unit Rate

S.N. Description of Structure Unit Rate (NRS)

Stone & mud mortar wall with straw roof and plastered by mud 1. Square Feet 360 mortar

Stone & mud mortar wall with slate or corrugated zinc sheet roof 2. Square Feet 760 and plastered by mud mortar

Stone & mud mortar wall with slate or corrugated zinc sheet roof 3. Square Feet 850 and plastered by cement mortar

Stone & mud mortar wall with RCC roof and plastered by cement 4. Square Feet 925 mortar

Stone or brick & cement mortar wall with slate or corrugated zinc 5. Square Feet 960 sheet roof and plastered by cement mortar

Stone or brick & cement mortar wall with RCC roof and plastered 6. Square Feet 1020 by cement mortar

RCC frame structure, stone or brick & cement mortar wall with 7. Square Feet 1090 RCC roof and plastered by cement mortar

Annex 5.2: Cost Estimation of Affected Private Trees (Timber)-MR Road

S.N. Tree Species Number Cost (NRS.)* Total Cost (NRS.) 1 Sal 4 3000 12000 2 Chilaune 1 3000 3000 3 Sal 1 4000 4000 4 Sallo 1 3000 3000 5 Chilaune 1 3000 3000 Cost of Timber trees is estimated after the cosultation with the local people The cost of Bamboo is calculated on the basis of RS. 50 per piece.

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Annex 5.3: Cost Estimation of Affected Private Trees (Fooder)-MR Road

Average Average Annual Five Years Total Cost S.N. Tree Species Production Rate Income Number Income (NRS) (NRS (kg)/Year (NRS.)* (NRS.) 1 Gideri 75 10 750 3750 1 3750 2 Dabdabe 60 10 600 3000 2 6000 3 Sindure 30 10 300 1500 1 1500 4 Gideri 50 10 500 2500 3 7500 5 Dabdabe 40 10 400 2000 1 2000 6 Kutmero 120 10 1200 6000 1 6000 7 Gideri 80 10 800 4000 1 4000 8 Gayo 80 10 800 4000 1 4000 9 Gideri 60 10 600 3000 2 6000 10 Gideri 75 10 750 3750 1 3750 11 Gideri 60 10 600 3000 2 6000 12 Gideri 60 10 600 3000 1 3000 13 Ipilipi 40 10 400 2000 1 2000 14 Gideri 60 10 600 3000 2 6000 15 Ipilipi 40 10 400 2000 1 2000 16 Gayo 40 10 400 2000 1 2000 17 Dabdabe 40 10 400 2000 1 2000 18 Gideri 40 10 400 2000 2 4000 19 Gideri 40 10 400 2000 2 4000 20 Gidari 40 10 400 2000 1 2000 21 Badar 40 12 480 2400 1 2400 22 Kutmero 50 10 500 2500 1 2500 23 Gidari 50 10 500 2500 3 7500 24 Pipal 30 10 300 1500 1 1500 25 Koiralo 30 12 360 1800 1 1800 26 Gayo 40 10 400 2000 1 2000 27 Badar 40 12 480 2400 1 2400 28 Kutmero 40 10 400 2000 5 10000 29 Kutmero 40 10 400 2000 1 2000 30 Khanayo 70 12 840 4200 1 4200 31 Jamuna 40 12 480 2400 1 2400

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Average Average Annual Five Years Total Cost S.N. Tree Species Production Rate Income Number Income (NRS) (NRS (kg)/Year (NRS.)* (NRS.) 32 Fadil 80 12 960 4800 1 4800 33 Ipilipi 30 10 300 1500 6 9000 34 Gidari 50 10 500 2500 2 5000 35 Kutmero 50 10 500 2500 1 2500 36 Kutmero 50 10 500 2500 2 5000 37 Kutmero 50 10 500 2500 1 2500 38 Kutmero 50 10 500 2500 2 5000 39 Kutmero 50 10 500 2500 2 5000 *Rate is defined based on the discussion with District Agricultural Officials

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Annex 5.4: Cost Estimation of Affected Private Trees (Fruit)-MR Road

Fruit Bearing Trees

Annual Total S.N. Species Production Total No. Rate/kg** Income Cost (kg)/ Year Production (NRS) (NRS)***

1 Mango 2 50 100 20 2000 30,000 2 Mango 1 50 50 20 1000 15,000 3 Mango 1 60 60 20 1200 18,000 4 Mango 1 45 45 20 900 13,500 5 Gauva 1 20 20 20 400 2,000 6 Banana 2 40 80 5 400 400 7 Banana 34 40 1360 5 6800 6,800 8 Mango 1 40 40 20 800 12,000 9 Mango 2 40 80 20 1600 24,000 10 Peach 2 20 40 20 800 4,000 11 Peach 2 20 40 20 800 4,000 12 Banana 15 40 600 5 3000 3,000 Sweet 13 8 45 360 25 9000 45,000 Orange 14 Lemon 1 20 20 50 1000 5,000 15 Lemon 3 20 60 50 3000 15,000 16 Okhar 2 50 50 20 1,000 20,000 17 Lemon 1 20 20 55 1,100 5,500 Sweet 18 1 50 50 25 1,250 6,250 Orange 19 Okhar 2 40 40 20 800 16,000 20 Okhar 3 40 60 20 1,200 24,000 Sweet 21 1 45 45 25 1125 5,625 Orange 22 Banana 8 40 320 5 1600 1,600 23 Banana 12 40 480 5 2400 2,400 24 Rittha 1 40 40 10 400 2,000 25 Belpatra 1 0 0 0 0 1,500 * Cost of Banana is calculated only once

**Rate is defined based on the discussion with District Agricultural Officials

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***Total Cost = Annual Income*Five to Fifteen Years Based on the Furit Bearing Years

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Annex - 6: Compensation Cost for the Loss of Crops

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Annex 6: Cost Estimate for Loss of Crops

Land to be Affacted Average Average Value of Transport Total Rate Per kg S.No. Crops Type Acquired Land Area Yield Per Production Produced Cost Per kg Transport Cost Total (NRs) [c] (sq.m)[a] (ha)[a] ha (kg)[b] (kg) Crops (NRs) (NRs) [d] (NRs) 1 Paddy 64 0.01 2582 16.5248 33.33 550.83 5 82.62 633

2 Maize 32974 3.30 3280 10815.472 21.43 231,775.56 5 54,077.36 285,853

Total 33038 3.3038 10832.00 232,326.39 54,159.98 286,486 Note: [a] Cadastral Survey 2012 [b] GoN, Ministry of Agriculture and Co-operatives, Statistical Information on Nepalese Agriculture (2007/2008)] [c] GoN, Ministry of Agriculture and Co-operatives, Annual Report on Agriculture Development & Statistics (2007/2008)

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Annex - 7: Cost Estimate for RP Implementation

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Annex-7: Resettlement Plan Implementation Cost

Estimated S.No. Description of Tasks Quantity Rate (NRs.) Costs (NRs.) Information dissemination about the project, 1 resettlement impacts, and compensation 1 150,000 150,000 provision Organizing CDC meeting and follow up 2 6 15,000 90,000 activities Organizing GRC meetings and follow-up 3 10 10,000 100,000 activities Establishing Sub-local level committees and 4 their mobilization (@NRs.15,000 per 4 15,000 60,000 committee) Public notification of Affected assets and 5 invitation to receive compensation (@ NRs. 2 150,000 300,000 150,000) Surveyor/Amin Mobilization for Field 6 Verification and Deed Transfor (NRs. 60,000 4 60,000 240,000 Per Manmonth) 7 Sub-total (1-5) - - 940,000

8 Contingency 10% - 94,000

Overall 1,034,000

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Annex - 8: ToR for External Monitoring Agency

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GOVERNMENT OF NEPAL MINISTRY OF PHYSICAL PLANNING, WORKS & TRANSPORT MANAGEMENT DEPARTMENT OF ROADS Project Directorate (ADB)

TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR

EXTERNAL MONITORING

Department of Roads Project Directorate (ADB) Consulting Services for Transport Project Preparatory Facility for ADB Grant: 0227–NEP

NEPAL

March, 2012

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TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR THE EXTERNAL MONITORING OF THE RESETTLEMENT PLAN

A. OBJECTIVES OF THE ASSIGNMENTS

The objective of the external monitoring is to conduct ongoing monitoring of the resettlement efforts of the Executing Agency/Implementing Agency and verify successful completion of resettlement activities.

The Transport Project Preparatory Facility (TPPF) Project has a Resettlement Plan that integrates the land acquisition and compensation activities and the implementation of construction/ rehabilitation with support to the affected families. The project will be implemented in 7 sub-project roads by DoR assisted by the Design and Support Consultants. The Independent External Monitor will work with the DSC to design and implement the Resettlement Plan. The ADB Safeguard Policy Statement 2009 will be the basis for monitoring and this will be undertaken by a national independent or external monitor based in any part of the country, willing to travel to all the road components.

The External Monitor will deploy a Resettlement Consultant/ Specialist as Team Leader/ External Monitor experienced in Resettlement issues to liaise with DoR and the DSC/ Resettlement Consultants in charge and who will be responsible for undertaking the resettlement monitoring surveys and reporting to DoR/ ADB.

The External monitor/independent scholar will provide office space for the work within its own offices with its own dedicated office equipment and computer/ printer etc.

Selection criteria:

• Registration in District administration office or in ADB CMS. • Register in PAN • Current experience in resettlement is essential. • Preference will be given to those already working in resettlement in road projects. • A single External Monitoring to undertake all activities on each of the 7 road section projects is preferred.

B. SCOPE OF WORK- GENERAL

• To review and verify the progress in resettlement implementation as outlined in the RP; • To monitor the effectiveness and efficiency of the Implementing Agency and the DSC in RP implementation; • To assess whether the resettlement objectives, particularly livelihoods and living standards of the Displaced Persons (DPs) have been restored or enhanced; • To assess resettlement efficiency, effectiveness, impact and sustainability, drawing on policy and practices and to suggest corrective measures, if required.

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C. SCOPE OF WORK - SPECIFIC

The major tasks expected from the external monitor are:

The External monitor will visit each road section when payment of compensation and resettlement have been completed and review the results of internal resettlement monitoring. Verification will be assessed through random checking of 10% affected households at field level to assess whether land acquisition/ resettlement objectives have generally been met. The External Monitor will involve the affected people and community groups in assessing the impact of land acquisition for monitoring and evaluation purposes through participatory community meetings. .

Identify the strengths and weaknesses of the land acquisition/ resettlement objectives and approaches, implementation strategies.

To review and verify progress in land acquisition/ resettlement implementation of the projects on a sample basis and prepare bi-annual reports for the DoR, Government of Nepal and the ADB after the commencement of construction.

To assess the effectiveness and results achieved for livelihood restoration programme and house rebuilding sites.

To liaise with the DSC over monitoring activities and review the effectiveness of the DSC in resettlement implementation.

To monitor and evaluate implementation of Resettlement Plan once in a six month period and provide feedback to the Executive Agency/Implementing Agency.

D. OUTPUTS

The independent External Monitor will visit each road section as it nears completion to verify internal reports, check delivery the entitlement matrix and compile a Monitoring Report on:

• Payment of compensation and timing; • Land readjustment or facilitate to arrange new land • Relocated house construction; • Training • Enterprise relocation, compensation and its adequacy; and • Payment of Allowances. • For each category, how the entitlements were used and their impact and adequacy to meet the specified objectives of the RP. • The sufficiency of entitlements vis-à-vis the RP, to restore livelihoods.

The Monitoring Report is to be written to the prescribed format. It will describe whether involuntary resettlement has been successfully implemented (a) in accordance with the RP, and (b) in accordance with the stated policy of both ADB Safeguard Policy 2009 and DoR.

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The independent External Monitor is required to describe any outstanding actions that are required to bring the resettlement activities in line with the policy and the RP, describe further mitigation measures needed to meet the needs of any affected person or families judged and/or perceiving themselves to be worse off as a result of the Project.

The monitoring r eport must also provide a timetable and define budget requirements for any supplementary mitigation measures and detail the process of compliance monitoring and final "signing off" for these DPs. It must also describe any lessons learned that might be useful in developing the new national resettlement policy and legal/institutional framework for involuntary resettlement.

The External Monitor must make two further monitoring visits to each road section to assess ongoing progress and produce a monitoring report for each assessment in years 2 and 4 following award of contracts. These visits will coordinate with the DSC internal monitoring activities with DPs and involve special attention to monitoring impacts on women DPs and other vulnerable groups of D Ps. A Monitoring Report will be produced for each visit.

The independent monitoring agency/ independent scholar will be responsible for overall monitoring of the EA/IA and will submit reports direct to the ADB and determine whether resettlement goals have been achieved, whether livelihoods and living standards have been restored/ enhanced and suggest recommendations for improvement.

E. TEAM COMPOSITION AND QUALIFICATIONS

In order to complete above tasks, the following staff have been proposed.

• Team Leader 1 Nos (Intermittent, on as and when required basis) • Supervisor 2 Nos (Intermittent, on as and when required basis) • Enumerators 2 Nos (Intermittent, on as and when required basis)

The monitoring agency will have significant experience in resettlement policy analysis and work experience and familiarity with all aspects of resettlement operations would be desirable. The monitoring agency will deploy a team consisting of a Team Leader as Monitor with at least master degree in sociology, anthropology or o t h e r social development studies, and who must have 5 years experience of resettlement in Nepal. The External Monitor Team Leader/ Monitor will require the assistance of an experienced survey supervisor and deploy up to two enumerators as required for each verification/ monitoring survey. The qualification of supervisor shall have at least proficiency certificate level and 3 years experience in resettlement survey. The enumerators shall have at least School Leaving Certificate (SLC) pass and s/he shall be stationed at site.

Interested agencies/ consultants are a d v i s e d to contact the Resettlement Consultants of TPPF to discuss the scope of works before submission of the proposal for the work. The proposal should contain a brief statement of the approach, methodology, and relevant information concerning previous experience on monitoring of resettlement implementation and preparation of reports.

The profile of the agency along with full CVs of Team Leader/ Monitor to be engaged must be

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submitted along with the proposal. The agency must be an established organization registered with the Government of Nepal.

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F. BUDGET AND LOGISTICS

Three copies of the proposal both technical and financial – should be submitted and the budget should include all costs and any logistics details necessary for resettlement monitoring. Additional expense claims whatsoever outside the budget will not be entertained. Cost Estimate for External Monitoring and Evaluation

S.N. Items Rate (NRs per Duration Total Amount month) (months) (NRs.)

1 Independent Monitoring 150,000 6 900,000 Expert (Team Leader)

2 Survey Supervisor 50,000 6 300,000

3 Enumerators (2) 20,000 10 200,000

4 Field Allowance LS LS 100,000

5 Vehicle LS LS 100,000

6 Stationeries LS LS 50,000

Total 1,650,000

Contingency 165,000

Total NRs. 1,815,000

US $ @ 90 app. 20,000

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Annex - 9: Vulnerable Groups

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Ward Household Head Land Owner’s Father S.No. VDC Land Owner Name No. Name Name 1 Ramechhap 4 Durga Devi Shrestha Durga Devi Shrestha Narayan Babu Shrestha Late Akkal Bdr. 2 Ramechhap 4 Lok Maya Shrestha Lok maya Shrestha Shrestha 3 Ramechhap 4 Mitto Shrestha Mitto Shrestha Mohan Bd. Shrestha 4 Ramechhap 3 sita devi Ghimire Sita Devi Ghimire Ramesh raj Ghimire 5 Ramechhap 3 Late Bhupal Dev Bhujel Anita Bhujel Purna Bdr. Bhujel Sita+Bikram+Krisna 6 Ramechhap 3 Sita Bhujel Late Ratna Bdr. Bhujel Bdr. Bhujel Annex 9.1-List of Women Headed Households

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Annex 9.2- List of Elderly Headed Households

Ward Household Head S. No VDC Land Owner Name Father Name No Name Tulsi Prasad 1 Manthali 2 Tulsi Prasad Subedi Narayan Prasad Subedi Subedi Jitendra Hari 2 Manthali 2 Jitendra Hari Subedi Mano Hari Subedi Subedi Surya Prasad 3 Ramechhap 3 Ghimire Krisna Prasad 4 Ramechhap 3 Maheshwor Ghimire Nil Raj Ghimire Ghimire Gopal Prasad 5 Ramechhap 3 Gopal Prasad Ghimire Jit Raman Ghimire Ghimire 6 Ramechhap 3 Bednath Ghimire Bednath Ghimire Bhuwani Prasad Ghimire Krisna Prasad 7 Ramechhap 3 Krisna Prasad Ghimire Madhu Sudan Ghimire Ghimire 8 Ramechhap 3 Laxman Bhujel Laxman Bhujel Ram Bdr. Bhujel 9 Ramechhap 3 Hasta Bdr. Karki Hasta Bdr. Karki Bal Bdr. Karki Ram Prasad 10 Ramechhap 3 Ram Prasad Ghimire Bisnu Prasad Ghimire Ghimire Padam lal + Yaga pd. 11 Ramechhap 3 Baikuntha Ghimire Yaga Pd. Ghimire Ghimire Ananda Ram 12 Ramechhap 3 Ananda Ram Shrestha Chandra Man Shrestha Shrestha Ganesh pd. 13 Ramechhap 3 Damodhar Ghimire Ganesh Pd. Ghimire Ghimire Ganesh Pd. 14 Ramechhap 3 Ganesh Pd. Ghimire Indra Lal Ghimire Ghimire Siddhi Bd. 15 Ramechhap Siddhi Bd. Shrestha Kriti Bd. Shrestha Shrestha 16 Ramechhap 4 Nar Bd. Shrestha Nir Bd. Shrestha Kriti Bd. Shrestha 17 Ramechhap 4 Tilak Bd. Shrestha Tilak bd. Shrestha Harka Bd. Srhestha 18 Ramechhap 4 Laxmi Shrestha Ram Gopal Ram Gopal Shrestha

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Ward Household Head S. No VDC Land Owner Name Father Name No Name Shrestha Ratna Lal 19 Ramechhap 4 Ratna Lal Shrestha Jagat Lal Shrestha Shrestha Durga Bahadur 20 Ramechhap 4 Shrestha Ramesh Prasad Mod Nath 21 Ramechhap 3 Modnath Ghimire Ghimire Ghimire

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Annex 9.3-List of Households with Below Poverty Level

Ward Household Head Land Owner’s Father S.No. VDC Land Owner Name No Name Name Basanta Kumar Mohan Kumar 1 Manthali 4 Mohan Kumar Shrestha Shrestha Shrestha Yogendra raj 2 Manthali 6 Aapsara Kafle Yogendra raj Naupane Naupane 3 Manthali 4 Suntali Nepali Yadav Nepali Padam Nepali Dhan Bdr. 4 Manthali 6 Him Kumari Shrestha Gaj Bdr. Shrestha Shrestha 5 Manthali 7 Jay Bdr. Basnet Jay Bdr. Basnet Tahal Bdr. Basnet 6 Manthali 1 Menuka Thapa Krisna Bdr. Thapa Krisna Bdr. Thapa Durga Bdr. 7 Manthali 2 Durga Bdr. Kabayat Man Bdr. Kabayat Kabayat Kumhari,Kamala Manohari,Kumhari 8 Manthali 2 Kamala Subedi Subedi Subedi Karna Bdr. 9 Manthali 2 Karna Bdr. Budathoki Bhaire Bdr. Budathoki Budathoki Govinda Prasad Rajan Prasad 10 Ramechhap 3 Madhusudhan Ghimire Ghimire Narayan Hari+Ramji Pashupati 11 Ramechhap 3 Ganga Prasad Ghimire Ghimire Ghimire 12 Ramechhap 3 Krisna Prasad Ghimire Gita Devi Ghimire Ram Prasad Ghimire Dadhi Ram 13 Ramechhap 3 Dadhi Ram Ghimire Prem Prasad Ghimire Ghimire Surya Bdr+Jagate 14 Ramechhap 3 Jagate Dharti Surya Bdr Dharti Dharti Sita+Bikram+Krisna 15 Ramechhap 3 Sita Bhujel Late Ratna Bdr. Bhujel Bdr. Bhujel 16 Ramechhap 3 Late Bhupal Dev Bhujel Anita Bhujel Purna Bdr. Bhujel Padam lal + Yaga pd. 17 Ramechhap 3 Baikuntha Ghimire Yaga Pd. Ghimire Ghimire Hari Prasad 18 Ramechhap 3 Hari Prasad Ghimire Devi Raman Ghimire Ghimire 19 Ramechhap 3 Shiva hari Ghamire Shiva Hari Chandra Lal Ghimire

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Ward Household Head Land Owner’s Father S.No. VDC Land Owner Name No Name Name Ghimire Tirtha raj Ghimire + 20 Ramechhap 3 Tirtha raj Ghimire Ram pd. Ghimire Ambika Ghimire Krishna Devi, Pasupati, Krishna Devi 21 Ramechhap 4 Nab Raj Shrestha Kiran Shrestha Shrestha 22 Ramechhap 4 Nar Bd. Shrestha Nir Bd. Shrestha Kriti Bd. Shrestha Lok maya 23 Ramechhap 4 Lok Maya Shrestha Late Akkal Bdr. Shrestha Shrestha Surya Bd. 24 Ramechhap 3 Surya Bd. Shrestha Indra Bd. Shrestha Shrestha 25 Ramechhap 4 Tilak Bd. Shrestha Tilak bd. Shrestha Harka Bd. Srhestha Ram Krishna 26 Ramechhap 4 Shrestha Gorakha Laxmi Gorekha Laxmi 27 Ramechhap 4 Indra Bdr. Shrestha Shrestha Shrestha Shree Krishna 28 Ramechhap 4 Shree Krishna Shrestha Indra Bdr. Shrestha Shrestha Ram Krishna 29 Ramechhap 4 Ram Krishna Indra Bd. Shrestha Shrestha 30 Ramechhap 3 Navraj Shrestha Navraj Shrestha Prem Bdr. Shrestha Shyam Gopal 31 Ramechhap 4 Shyam Gopal Shrestha Krisna Gopal Shrestha Shrestha Ram Gopal 32 Ramechhap 4 Laxmi Shrestha Ram Gopal Shrestha Shrestha Ratna Lal 33 Ramechhap 4 Ratna Lal Shrestha Jagat Lal Shrestha Shrestha 34 Ramechhap 3 Ranjana Kasai Ranjana Kasai Gyan Bdr. Kasai Lab Shree 35 Ramechhap 3 Naupane

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Annex9.4- List of Households with the Disable Members

Ward Household Head Land Owner’s Father S. No. VDC Land Owner Name No Name Name Ratna Lal 1 Ramechhap 4 Ratna Lal Shrestha Jagat Lal Shrestha Shrestha Ram Gopal 2 Ramechhap 4 Laxmi Shrestha Ram Gopal Shrestha Shrestha

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Annex9.5- List of Endangered Group’s Households

Ward Household Head Land Owner’s Father S. No. VDC Land Owner Name No Name Name Gobinda Bahadur 1 Ramechhap 4 Gobinda Bahadur Hayu Hire Hayu Hayu

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Annex - 10: Photographs

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Affected Structure of Dhal Bahadur Karki, Ramechhap-3, Bitar Affected Structure of Ram Bahadur Raya, Ramechhap-3, Bitar

Affected Structure of Chandra Bahadur Shrestha, Ramechhap-4, Affected Structure of Krishna Devi, Ramechhap-4, Bhangeri Bhangeri

Affected Structure of Shankar Bahadur Shrestha, Ramechhap-4, Participants in Public Consultation at Ramechhap-3, Bhangeri Babiyakharka

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Public Structure in the the road alignment, which was saved Cadastral Surveyor and the Local People during the Side during the inventory, Ramechhap-4, Bhangeri Verification and Inventory of Affected Assets.

Recording the Census Survey with the DP’s. Ramechhap-3, Participants in Public Consultation at Ramechhap-3, Daregauda. Babiyakharka

Participants in Public Consultation at Ramechhap-4, Bhangeri Participants in Public Consultation at Ramechhap-4, Bhangeri

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Annex-11: Sample of Cadastral Map with Road Alignment

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