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Work at the Tomb of Tutankhamun Workat the Tombof Tutankhamun In November 1922 the tomb of the pharaoh Tutankhamun was discov- ered, the most spectacular ancient Egyptian royal burial found rela- tively intact. The find had been made in the Theban necropolis - not far from the spot where the Egyptian Expedition of the Metropolitan Museum was working - by workmen led by the archaeologist Howard Carter, who excavated for the fifth Earl of Carnarvon. Carter realized the need for expert aid in examining so important a find, and asked his colleague A. M. Lythgoe, the Metropolitan's Curator of the Egyptian Department, for the assist- ance of the skilled photographer Harry Burton in recording the dis- covery. Lythgoe immediately cabled back offering not only Burton's help but other Museum expedition help as well: "Only too delighted to assist in every possible way. Please call upon Burton and any other members of our staff."In this way four members of the Metropolitan Museum's Egyptian Expedition took part in this historic work: Burton, the archaeologist Arthur C. Mace, and the draughtsmen Lindsley F. Hall and Walter Hauser. The following twelve pages present some of Burton's famous photo- graphs, with captions drawn from Howard Carter's own account of the discovery (the first of the three vol- umes was written with Arthur Mace). "I inserted the candle and peered in. At first I could see nothing, the hot air escaping from the chamber caus- ing the candle flame to flicker, but presently, as my eyes grew accus- tomed to the light, details of the room within emerged slowly from the mist, strange animals, statues, and gold - everywhere the glint of gold. I was struck dumb with amazement, and when Lord Carnarvon inquired anxiously, 'Can you see anything? it was all I could do to get out the words, 'Yes, wonderful things.'" 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I J ' ;+. j A. 4A _. ./ ?.'&.l_ . i'; .- Left, head from a funerary couch: "First were three great gilt couches, their sides carved in the form of mon- strous animals with heads of startling realism. Uncanny beasts to look upon at any time: seen as we saw them, their brilliant gilded surfaces picked out of the darkness by our torch, they were almost terrifying." Far left and below: "Next, two statues caught and held our attention: two life-sized figures of a king in black, facing each other like sentinels, gold kilted, gold sandalled, armed with mace and staff. Strange and im- posing figures, these, even as we first saw them, surrounded and half con- cealed by other objects; as they stand now in the empty chamber, beyond them, through the opened door, the golden shrine half visible, they pre- sent an appearance that is almost painfully impressive." Below, right: Carter opening the second of four shrines enclosing Tut- ankhamun's sarcophagus: "In the coming winter our first task, a difficult and anxious one, will be the dis- mantling of the shrines in the sepul- chral chamber. It is probable that there will be a succession of these shrines, built one within the other, before we come to the stone sarco- phagus in which the king is lying. With the mummy - if, as we hope and believe, it remains untouched by plunderers - there should certainly lie the regalia of a king of Egypt. Imagination falters at the thought of what the tomb may yet disclose." This article was written by Arthur C. Mace for the Metropolitan Museum's Bulletin of December 1923, at the beginning of the second season of work at Tutankhamun's tomb Lord Carnarvon's and Howard Amarna, Akhenaten's capital, was tion of their contents. They proved Carter's discovery of the tomb of abandoned, the court was transferred to be even more interesting than he Tutankhamun has aroused an interest back again to Thebes, the new king had anticipated. There were the re- not merely in this particular find, but changed his name from Tutankhaten mains of a great number of plain and in archaeology generally, that to the to Tutankhamun, and the favor of decorated pottery vases; there were excavator is almost embarrassing. the powerful priests was courted by headshawls and other pieces of linen, Ordinarily he spends his time quietly putting in hand restorations and one of which was inscribed with the and unobtrusively enough, half the additions to the god Amun's temples. date of the sixth year of Tutankhamun; year burrowing mole-like in the and, most significant of all, there We have reason to believe that Tut- ground, and the other half writing were a number of clay sealings, some dull papers for scientific journals, and ankhamun was a young man when bearing the name of Tutankhamun, he died. His tomb is situated in now suddenly he finds himself in the and others the impression of the royal full glare of the limelight. The ordi- the center of the Valley of the Kings, necropolis seal, the jackal and nine not far from the in nary details of his daily work very spot which captives. It was a curious jumble of Theodore M. Davis had found a suddenly have become of intense material, but there seemed good rea- and absorbing interest to the world famous cache of royal funerary ob- son for supposing that it came from at large. Why is it? jects from Tell el Amarna, brought a tomb of Tutankhamun somewhere to Thebes on the abandonment of in the neighborhood, and represented The I explanation is, suppose, simple that capital, and hidden away in the final gathering up of oddments enough really. It lies in the fact that this spot, as the clay sealings would after the funeral ceremonies. we are all, even the most prosaic of seem to indicate, by Tutankhamun children under our and evidence lack- us, skins, himself. Nor was other Lord Carnarvon and Mr. Carter thrill at the idea of Tutankhamun with had, deliciously very ing to connect considerable for believ- buried treasure. Sealed this of the then, grounds doorways, particular part Valley. that the tomb of Tutankhamun of had ing jeweled robes, inlay precious Nearby Mr. Davis found, hidden was situated in this of - the under a a faience with the particular part stones, kings' regalia phrases stone, cup the and for reasons his and we can under cover of name of our and in a Valley, many grip, now, king upon it, was the tomb most to scientific and un- small of they hoped interest, openly pit tomb some fragments find. searched for it for several an intellectual foil which bore the names They ashamedly indulge gold both seasons and removed several thou- that has hitherto been and his appetite of Tutankhamun of queen. sand tons of debris without nourished on detective success, surreptitiously Another of his finds was even more and not the least dramatic of the stories and murder cases in the it part press. significant and, as happens, nearly whole is the fact that it concerns our own Museum. This was discovery In view of this interest was made in a last effort, when hope widespread a cache of large pottery sealed jars, was and the with almost dead. At the end of the general familiarity buried in an irregular hole a little way season it a Tutankhamun's it comes as of 1921/1922 became name, eastward from the Akhenaten cache. matter of serious debate for them almost a shock to find how little we There was to show to which nothing whether, after so barren really know about this monarch. if the many years tomb, any, jars belonged, and, of work, it would not be better to as they seemed to contain nothing but abandon the and their luck He became king (in 1361 B.C. ) by bundles of broken Valley try linen, fragments elsewhere, and decided virtue of his marriage with Ankhes- of and other miscellaneous they finally pottery, to return for one more season, a short enpaaten, third daughter of the rubbish, were over and they passed season of two months only. Then, on so-called heretic king, Akhenaten. It stored A or two later, away. year November 4, just five days after the was not, one would have thought, a H. E. Winlock noticed these jars in enviable or safe work had been started, the tomb particularly position one of Mr. Davis's storerooms, and was found. to aspire to at this juncture, for the realized from a hasty examination of country was in a state of transition. the contents that there might be inter- esting information to be gleaned from The story of the actual discovery and It must have been obvious to Tut- them.
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