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Aquatic Management Indicator Species Analysis Steelhead Trout Ochoco National Forest and Crooked River National Grassland

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Aquatic Management Indicator Species Analysis Steelhead Trout Ochoco National Forest and Crooked River National Grassland Aquatic Management Indicator Species Analysis Steelhead Trout Ochoco National Forest And Crooked River National Grassland July 20, 2011 Prepared by: Mark Lehner – Paulina RD Fisheries Biologist Reviewed by: Daniel Rife - Forest Fisheries Program Manager 1 Table of Contents I. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................... 3 Forest MIS discussion ..................................................................................................................................... 3 II. CONSERVATION STATUS .................................................................................................................... 5 III. BROADVIEW DESCRIPTION OF ANALYSIS AREA ............................................................................ 10 Deschutes Basin ........................................................................................................................................... 10 John Day Basin ............................................................................................................................................ 10 IV. SPECIES DISTRIBUTION ......................................................................................................................... 12 MID‐COLUMBIA ESU STEELHEAD TROUT, Deschutes River Basin DPS ........................................................ 15 MID‐COLUMBIA ESU STEELHEAD TROUT, John Day River Basin DPS .......................................................... 18 Critical Habitat ............................................................................................................................................. 21 V. LIFE HISTORY ............................................................................................................................................ 23 Habitat requirements ................................................................................................................................... 25 VI. POPULATION STATUS AND TREND ...................................................................................................... 27 Ochoco National Forest – Deschutes Basin Steelhead ................................................................................ 28 Ochoco National Forest – John Day Basin Steelhead .................................................................................. 32 VII. HABITAT AND TREND ........................................................................................................................... 43 VIII. VIABILITY DETERMINATION ................................................................................................................. 78 Literature Cited ................................................................................................................................................ 80 Appendix A ...................................................................................................................................................... 81 2 Ochoco National Forest Aquatics Management Indicator Species Viability Analysis for Steelhead Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) I. INTRODUCTION Forest MIS discussion In the Ochoco National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan and the Crooked River National Grassland Land and Resource Management Plan (LRMP), three aquatic management indicator species (MIS) have been identified. They are rainbow trout, brook trout, and steelhead trout. Subsequent to the signing of these LRMP’s rainbow trout on the east side of Cascade mountain crest in the Columbia basin and elsewhere were described as redband trout by Behnke (1992). Brook trout are a non-native trout that was planted for fishing opportunities in the 1920’s and 1930’s. They are known to exist in only a few streams on the Forest including Allen Creek, Lookout Creek, and Brush Creek. The Final Environmental Impact Statement (FEIS) for the Ochoco National Forest and Crooked River National Grassland states that management indicator species, or groups of species, were chosen to help determine the effects of management activities on fish habitat. The habitat requirements of MIS are assumed to be similar for other fish species. If a selected species and its habitat are influenced significantly by management activities, like effects can be expected on other fish species with similar habitat requirements. Redband trout, brook trout, and steelhead trout were selected as an indicator group because salmonids have a broad distribution across the Forest and Grassland and are of economic importance resulting from commercial and recreational harvest. The group generally has similar habitat requirements which are narrow enough to ensure viability of most other game fish. The habitat requirements make the group a good indicator of riparian habitat and aquatic habitat condition for both the Ochoco National Forest and the Crooked River National Grassland. The LRMP’s state that management of these species will occur through providing habitat by managing per riparian prescriptions (Management Area F-15 Riparian). Within the MA-15 Riparian description the LRMP states that “Fully functional riparian areas are essential for the maintenance of viable fish populations on the Forest. Riparian areas provide food, cover, and a source of large woody material for aquatic insects, fish and land animals. The vegetation of streamside areas filter sediment and shade the water surface to help maintain stable stream temperatures.” Attributes of a healthy aquatic ecosystem includes: cold and clean water; clean channel substrates; stable streambanks; healthy streamside vegetation; complex channel habitat created by large wood, cobles, boulders, streamside vegetation, and undercut banks; deep pools; and waterways free of barriers. Healthy riparian areas maintain adequate temperature regulation, nutrient cycles, natural erosion rates, and provide for instream wood recruitment. 3 Implementation of the LRMP’s includes monitoring of the following to determine viability of the management indicator species: Monitoring Actions/Effects Units of Measure Variability Suggested Item Monitored Threshold Methods Fisheries: Determine if 1. Sedimentation Loss in habitat 1. Bucket or Habitat habitat meets 2. Temperature, capability, objectives ocular capability and management 3. Channel morphology not being met 2. Thermograph productivity, objectives for 4. Riparian community 3. Cross section species and size John Day River composition 4. Line transects composition Tributaries and 5. Large woody material 5. Riparian plant Trout Creek 6. Smolt numbers survey 6. Electrofishing There has been no monitoring of smolt numbers on Forest, therefore redd counts will be used as a substitute for determining population trend. 4 II. CONSERVATION STATUS Table 1 Status Summary of Steelhead Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Species Federal State Forest (Ochoco LRMP) Steelhead Threatened Not listed MIS (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Federal The Middle Columbia River steelhead distinct population segment (DPS) was listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (ESA) on January 5, 2006 (71 FR 834). ESA STATUS - THREATENED (unless otherwise cites the following population information was obtained from the Middle Columbia River Recovery Plan available at: http://www.nwr.noaa.gov/Salmon-Recovery- Planning/Recovery-Domains/Interior-Columbia/Mid-Columbia/Mid-Col-Plan.cfm The Mid-Columbia River (MCR) Steelhead Distinct Population Segment (DPS) were listed as threatened under the ESA on March 25, 1999 (64 FR 14517) and NMFS reaffirmed its threatened status on January 5, 2006 (71 FR 834). The MCR steelhead DPS includes all naturally-spawned populations in streams within the Columbia River Basin from above the Wind River in Washington and the Hood River in Oregon (exclusive), upstream to and including the Yakima River in Washington, excluding steelhead from the Snake River Basin (71 FR 834 January 5, 2006; 64 FR 14517 March 25, 1999). MCR steelhead do not include resident forms of O.mykiss (redband or rainbow trout) co-occurring with these steelhead. Seven steelhead hatchery programs including the Round Butte Hatchery within the Action area are considered are considered part of the MCR steelhead DPS, Four Major Population Groups (MPG) have been identified within the DPS: Cascades Eastern Slope tributaries, Yakima River, John Day River Umatilla/WallaWalla Rivers The ONF includes portions of the John Day River MPG and Cascades Eastern Slope tributaries MPG, either directly inhabited by steelhead or designated as critical habitat. Within the Cascade Eastern Slope MPG, the Deschutes River Eastside population is included within the analysis area covered by this assessment. Figure 1 below shows designated critical steelhead habitat in the area covered by this analysis. Critical Habitat Critical habitat was designated on February 16, 2000 [65 FR 7764], but vacated (undesignated) by court order on April 30, 2002. On September 2, 2005, NMFS published a final rule (70 FR 52630) to designate critical habitat for Mid-C steelhead and 12 other ESUs/DPSs of salmon and steelhead. The final rule took effect on January 2, 2006. The Critical Habitat Assessment Review Team (CHART) (NMFS 2004c) rated the conservation value of all 5th-field HUCs supporting populations of Mid-C steelhead. Essential features of designated critical habitat include substrate, water quality, water quantity, water temperature, food, riparian 5 vegetation, access, water, velocity,
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