Appendix I List of Abbreviations
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Appendix I List of Abbreviations a.b. as before bldg. building a.b.d. as before described blk. block abut. abutment b.m.s. both measured separately adj. adjoining or adjustment b.n. bullnose a.f. after fixing or angle fillet bott. bottom agg. aggregate b. & p. bed and point agst. against br. branch alice. allowance breakg. breaking alt. alternate brr. bearer alum. aluminium b.s. both sides appvd. approved BS British Standard air all round b.s.m. both sides measured archve. architrave bwk. brickwork ard. around asp. asphalt assctd. associated cal. plumb. calcium plumbate art. artificial calkg. caulking av. average cant. cantilever cap. capacity or capillary cappg. capping bast. basement casg. casing bd. board cast. casement bdd. boarded cat. catalogue bdg. boarding cav. cavity bdy. boundary C.C. curved cutting b.e. bossed end or both ends C.C.N. close copper nailing bearg. bearing ccs. centres benchg. benching c. & f. cut and fit b. f. before fixing chan. channel b.i. build in or built in chfd. chamfered b.i.g. back inlet gully chnlk. chain link bit. bitumen chr. chromium b. & j. bed and joint chy. chimney bk. brick c. i. cast iron bkg. breaking eire. circular bkt. bracket cistn. cistern 263 264 Building Quantities Explained c.j. close jointed dia. or diam. diameter clg. ceiling diag. diagonally cln. clean diagrm. diagram else bdd. close boarded diff. difference c. m. cement mortar dimnsd. dimensioned col. colour disch. discharge comb. combined dist. distance or distemper comm. commencing ditto. or do. that which comms. commons has been said before commsng. commissioning div. divided comp. compression dp. deep compactn. compaction d.p.c. damp-proof course compo. composition dr. door or drain cone. concrete dwg. drawing concld. concealed conn. connection constn. construction cont. continuous ea. each contd. continued earthwk. earthwork cop. copper edgg. edging copg. coping e.g. eaves gutter cos. course emulsn. emulsion covd. covered enam. enamel coverg. covering eng. engineering c.p. chromium plated Eng. English cplg. coupling e.o. extra over c. & p .. cut and pin ex. exceeding or extra crnr. corner exc. excavate c.s.a. cross sectional area excavn. excavation csd. coursed exp. exposed c.s.g. clear sheet glass ext. external c'sk. countersunk ct. coat or cement cu cubic cultvd. cultivated facewk. facework cupd. cupboard fast. fastener curv. curved fcg. facing cuttg. cutting f/cly. fireclay c. w. cold water fdn. foundation f.e. fair end f. f. fair face dble. double fillg. filling ddt. deduct fin. finish or finished delvd. delivered firrg. firring dep. deposit fittg. fitting Appendix I - Abbreviations 265 fl. flush h.c. or hdcore. hardcore Flem. Flemish hdd. headed flex. flexible hdg. heading fig. flooring herrgbone. herringbone flgd. flanged hg. hung fir. floor hi. high fltd. floated h.j. heading joint F.O. fix only hkd. hooked follg. following holl. hollow fr. frame hor. horizontal frmg. framing h.p. high pressure ft. feet hsd. housed furn. furniture h.r. half round fwd. forward ht. height fwk. formwork hth. hearth fxd. fixed hwd. hardwood fxg. fixing inc. including indvdl. individual galvd. galvanised insulatn. insulation g.b.d.p. gas barrel distance pieces inter. intermediate gen. general int. internal g.i. galvanised iron invt. invert g. 1. ground level irreg irregular glzd. glazed isoltd. isolated glzg. glazing g.m. gauged mortar jb. jamb gradg. grading jst. joist grassld. grassland jt. joint grd.(s) ground(s) jtd. jointed grtd. grouted jtg. jointing grtg. grouting junctn. junction grve. groove g.s. general surfaces kg kilogram(s) gtg. grating km kilometre(s) gth. girth k.p.s. knot, prime and stop g.w.i. galvanised wrought iron gyp. gypsum Ia. large L.A. local authority lapd. lapped H.A. highway authority layg. laying h.b. half-brick ld. lead h.b.s. herringbone strutting len. length hd. hard or head lev. level hd/rl. handrail lg. long 266 Building Quantities Explained lin. linear o'hg. overhang ling. lining o/let. outlet l.m. lime mortar o'll. overall (alternative to o/a.) l.o. linseed oil opg. opening l.p. large pipe optd. operated O.Q. ordinary glazing quality m metre(s) ord. ordinary m2 square metre(s) o.s. one side m3 cubic metre(s) oslg. oversailing mach. machine G) three oils mat. material max. maximum mech. mechanical pan. panel med. medium patt. pattern/patterned memb. membrane pavg. paving membr. member p.c. prime cost mesd. measured p.d.p. plastic distance pieces met. metal ped. pedestal or pedestrian m/gd. make good perf. perforation m.h. manhole perm. permanent mi. mitre picrl. picture rail min. minimum pia. plaster mldd. moulded pl. blk. plinth block mm millimetre(s) pltd. plated mo. moulded or mortar plugd. plugged mors. mortice p.m. purpose made m.s. mild steel p.o. planted on m/s measured separately pol. polish/polished mull. mullion polyth. polythene multi-col. multi- coloured polyst. polystyrene posn. position ppt. parapet n.e. not exceeding pr. pair nee. necessary prep. prepare nr number preservn. preservation nld. nailed proj. projecting/projection nom. nominal provsn. provision nsg. nosing provsnl. provisional nt. neat p.s. pressed steel P. St. Portland stone p. & s. plugged and screwed o/a. overall pt. point, paint or part o.e. one end or other end ptg. pointing o/fl. overflow ptn. partition Appendix I - Abbreviations 267 q.t. quarry tile sel. selected qual. quality serv. service S. F. stepped flashing s.j. soldered joint rad. radius sk. sunk/sink rakg. raking sktg. skirting R.C. raking cutting shelvg. shelving r. cone. reinforced concrete s.l. short length rd. round or road slopg. sloping rdd. rounded sm. small rdwy. roadway smth. smooth reb. rebated sn. sawn rec. receive s.n. swanneck rect. rectangular soc. socket red. reduced soff. soffit or soffite ref. reference s.p. small pipe reg. regular spec. special rf. roof spld. splayed reinfd. reinforced sprd. spread reinft. reinforcement sq. square rendg. rendering s. & s. spigot and socket retn. return st. stone or straight rg. ring stackg. stacking r. & g. rubbed and gauged stand. standard rl. rail stl. steel r.l. red lead stret. stretcher r.l.j. red lead joint stripd. stripped ro. rough strng. straining r.o.j. rake out joints strt. straight r.s. rolled steel struct. structure r. & s. render and set sty. storey r.s.j. rolled steel joist suppt. support rt. root surf. surface r. w. rainwater surrd. surround r.w.p. rainwater pipe susp. suspended S. & V. P. soil and vent pipe s. v. stop valve or sluice valve san. sanitary swd .. softwood s.c. stop cock scrd. screwed or screed scrdn. screw down tankg. tanking sd. sand tarmac. tarmacadam s.e. stopped end tbr. timber sec. or sectn. section temp. temporary 268 Building Quantities Explained t.c. terra cotta vert. vertical ten. tenon vit. vitreous t. & g. tongued and grooved tgd. tongued th. thick thermp. thermoplastic wd. wood thro. throated or through wdw. window thsd. thousand wethd. weathered tiltg. tilting w.g. white glazed tk. tank w. with tog. together w. i. wrought iron tr. trench wk. work triang. triangular wkg. sp. working space t. & r. tread and riser w.p. wax polish or waterproof trav. traversed W. P. waste pipe trd. tread wrot. wrought trimg. trimming w/s working space (alternative to wkg. sp.) trowld. trowelled wt. weight u/c undercoat x-reb. cross u/grd. underground rebated xtg. existing uncsd. uncoursed x-tgd. underclk. undercloak cross tongued upstd. upstand u/s. underside Y. st. York stone Note: the abbreviations SMM and SMMl have been used extensively throughout this book and refer to the Standard Method of Measure ment of Building Works: Seventh Edition. Appendix II Mensuration Formulae Figure Area Square (side) 2 Rectangle length x breadth Triangle ~ x base x height or V[s(s - a)(s - b)(s - c)] where s = ~ X sum of the three sides and a, b and c are the lengths of the three sides. Hexagon 2.6 x (side) 2 Octagon 4.83 x (side) 2 Trapezoid height x ~(base + top) Circle (22/7) x radius2 or (22/7) x ~ diameter2 (1rr> (1To2t4> circumference = 2 x (22/7) x radius or (21Tr) (22/7) x diameter ('ITO) Sector of Circle ~ length of arc x radius Segment of Circle area of sector - area of triangle 269 270 Building Quantities Explained Figure Volume Surface Area Prism area of base x height circumference of base x height Cube (side)3 6 x (side) 2 Cylinder (22/7) x radius2 x length 2 x (22/7) x radius (7T,-2h) x (length + radius) [27Tr(h + r)] Sphere (4/3) x (22/7) x radius3 4 x (22/7) x radius2 (4/37Tr) (47T,-2) Segment of (22/7) X (height/6) X curved sur Sphere (3 radius2 + height2) face= 2 x ((7Th/6) X (3,-2 + h2)] (22/7) x radius x height ( h) (27Trh) Pyramid ~ area of base x height ~ circumference of base x slant height Cone ~ x (22/7) x radius2 x height (22/7) x radius x (~7T,-2h) slant height (/) (7Tr/) Frustum of ~height [A+ B + V(AB)J ~ mean circumfe Pyramid where A is area of large end rence x slant height and B is area of small end. Frustum of (22/7) X ~ height (R2 + r2 + Rr) (22/7) x slant height Cone where R is radius of large end (R + r) and r is radius of small end. [1ri(R + r)] H1rh(R 2 + r2 + Rr)] where I is slant height For Simpson's rule and prismoidal formula see chapter 3. Appendix III Metric Conversion Table Length 1 in.