The Myth of the Liberal Media the Propaganda Model of News
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SAY NO to the LIBERAL MEDIA: CONSERVATIVES and CRITICISM of the NEWS MEDIA in the 1970S William Gillis Submitted to the Faculty
SAY NO TO THE LIBERAL MEDIA: CONSERVATIVES AND CRITICISM OF THE NEWS MEDIA IN THE 1970S William Gillis Submitted to the faculty of the University Graduate School in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in the School of Journalism, Indiana University June 2013 ii Accepted by the Graduate Faculty, Indiana University, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Doctoral Committee David Paul Nord, Ph.D. Mike Conway, Ph.D. Tony Fargo, Ph.D. Khalil Muhammad, Ph.D. May 10, 2013 iii Copyright © 2013 William Gillis iv Acknowledgments I would like to thank the helpful staff members at the Brigham Young University Harold B. Lee Library, the Detroit Public Library, Indiana University Libraries, the University of Kansas Kenneth Spencer Research Library, the University of Louisville Archives and Records Center, the University of Michigan Bentley Historical Library, the Wayne State University Walter P. Reuther Library, and the West Virginia State Archives and History Library. Since 2010 I have been employed as an editorial assistant at the Journal of American History, and I want to thank everyone at the Journal and the Organization of American Historians. I thank the following friends and colleagues: Jacob Groshek, Andrew J. Huebner, Michael Kapellas, Gerry Lanosga, J. Michael Lyons, Beth Marsh, Kevin Marsh, Eric Petenbrink, Sarah Rowley, and Cynthia Yaudes. I also thank the members of my dissertation committee: Mike Conway, Tony Fargo, and Khalil Muhammad. Simply put, my adviser and dissertation chair David Paul Nord has been great. Thanks, Dave. I would also like to thank my family, especially my parents, who have provided me with so much support in so many ways over the years. -
We Need Net Neutrality As Evidenced by This Article to Prevent Corporate
We need Net Neutrality as evidenced by this article to prevent corporate censorship of individual free speech online, whether its AOL censoring DearAOL.com emails protesting their proposed email fee for prioritized email delivery that evades spam filters, AT&T censoring Pearl Jam which this article is about, or Verizon Wireless censoring text messages from NARAL Pro Choice America. If the FCC won't reclassify broadband under Title II the FTC should regulate Net Neutrality, also the DOJ should investigate corporations engaging in such corporate censorship and if they are violating competition laws break them up. Pearl Jam came out in favor of net neutrality after AT&T censored a broadcast a performance they did in Chicago last Sunday. I guess AT&T didn?t like Pearl Jam?s anti-Bush message. I don?t know if Pearl Jam?s sudden embrace of net neutrality is out of ignorance, or if it?s retaliation. It doesn?t really matter because it should help bring some more awareness to the issue. Here?s the issue with net neutrality, in a nutshell. AT&T wants to charge companies like Amazon, eBay, and Google when people like you and me access their web pages. And if the companies don?t pay, AT&T will make the web sites slower. The idea is that if one company doesn?t pay the fees but a competitor does, AT&T customers will probably opt to use the faster services. IT"S WORTH NOTING: Without content, an Internet connection has no value. Proponents say AT&T built the infrastructure, so they have the right to charge whoever uses it. -
Media Literacy
Media Literacy This lesson explores the concept of fake news and its impact on everyday life. Grade Level(s) Materials 9, 10, 11, 12 None required Cyber Connections Information Literacy Digital Citizenship This lesson explores the concept of fake news and its impact on every day life. “Fake news” stories, from silly stories about sightings of the Loch Ness Monster to serious allegations of crimes by public officials, have recently made the news. People have even debated how much influence fake news might have had on the 2016 U.S. presidential election. Even the definition of the term “fake news” is open to debate. Later in the lesson we’ll look at the role of journalism in a democracy and how we can improve our media literacy habits. Throughout the lesson, students will have the opportunity to research and answer the following questions: • What exactly is fake news from a journalistic perspective? • Does fake news impact our lives? • How do citizens’ skills in using media of all sorts impact the discussion? • How can media literacy skills make us more informed citizens? • Does it matter? Defining Media Literacy Media literacy is defined as the ability to evaluate news, regardless of where it comes from, based on evidence presented and the reliability of sources, recognize bias, and distinguish between news, advertisements, and opinion. Let’s look at some examples of headlines and see if we can tell what’s real from what’s fake. 1 Copyright © 2020 Cyber Innovation Center All Rights Reserved. Not for Distribution. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Fact or Fake? Other considerations to make: • How true are the articles? • How can you tell? • What could the impact be of these stories, especially if someone believes the fake? • What could be the impact of these stories even if no one believes them? 2 Copyright © 2020 Cyber Innovation Center All Rights Reserved. -
QUARTERLY JOURNAL of ECONOMICS Vol
THE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS Vol. CXX November 2005 Issue 4 Downloaded from A MEASURE OF MEDIA BIAS* TIM GROSECLOSE AND JEFFREY MILYO We measure media bias by estimating ideological scores for several major http://qje.oxfordjournals.org/ media outlets. To compute this, we count the times that a particular media outlet cites various think tanks and policy groups, and then compare this with the times that members of Congress cite the same groups. Our results show a strong liberal bias: all of the news outlets we examine, except Fox News’ Special Report and the Washington Times, received scores to the left of the average member of Congress. Consistent with claims made by conservative critics, CBS Evening News and the New York Times received scores far to the left of center. The most centrist media outlets were PBS NewsHour, CNN’s Newsnight, and ABC’s Good Morning Amer- ica; among print outlets, USA Today was closest to the center. All of our findings at University of Rochester on October 23, 2014 refer strictly to news content; that is, we exclude editorials, letters, and the like. “The editors in Los Angeles killed the story. They told Witcover that it didn’t ‘come off’ and that it was an ‘opinion’ story....Thesolution was simple, they told him. All he had to do was get other people to make the same points and draw the same conclusions and then write the article in their words” (empha- sis in original). Timothy Crouse, Boys on the Bus [1973, p. 116]. Do the major media outlets in the U. -
Edri Submission to UN Special Rapporteur David Kaye's Call on Freedom of Expression and the Private Sector in the Digital Age
EDRi submission to UN Special Rapporteur David Kaye's call on freedom of expression and the private sector in the digital age Introduction EDRi is a not-for-profit association of digital civil rights organisations. Our objectives are to promote, protect and uphold civil rights in the field of information and communication technology. European Digital Rights (EDRi) welcomes the UN Special Rapporteur on freedom of opinion and expression David Kaye’s public consultation on the role of ICT companies vis-à-vis freedom of expression in the digital environment to identify: I. the categories of actors in the ICT sector whose activities implicate the freedom of opinion and expression; II. the main legal issues raised for freedom of opinion and expression within the ICT sector; and III. the conceptual and normative work already done to develop corporate responsibility and human rights frameworks in these spaces, including governmental, inter-governmental, civil society, corporate and multistakeholder efforts. I. ICT actors with a potential to impact freedom of expression and opinion In order to communicate online, it is necessary to rely on a chain of different service providers, often based in different jurisdictions and with whom one may have no direct relationship at all. For example, if "zero-rating" or even data caps are imposed by Internet access providers in a country and you have no organisational and financial capacity to be "zero-rated", your ability to communicate with people that are using such restricted services is limited and there is no "leverage" with the ISPs that connect your intended audience with the Internet. -
Detecting Bias in the Media G
9.1.3 Detecting Bias in the Media g Media bias is ubiquitous (everywhere) and not easy to detect. It is always useful to compare several sources of information and, in doing so, it becomes clear that media coverage is never completely objective. Here are some forms of media bias to watch for: • Bias by omission: For every news story that is selected, there are many others that are left out. Do the news stories you see show a balanced view of real life? What are the characteristics they have in common? (e.g., Are they mostly about violence, famous people, wealth?) Do some news sources include items that are ignored by others? • Bias by emphasis: What stories are on the front page or “at the top of the hour?” Which stories get the largest headlines, or the first and longest coverage on TV or radio? Consider how this placement influences people’s sense of what is important. • Bias by use of language: The use of labels such as “terrorist,” “revolutionary,” or “freedom fighter” can create completely different impressions of the same person or event. • Bias in photos: Unflattering pictures can create bad impressions, and partial pictures of scenes can completely change the context of an event. • Bias in the source: An article about a cure for cancer written by a drug company is not the same as an article by an independent researcher. Often, private companies, governments, public relations firms, and political groups produce press releases to gain media exposure and to influence the public. • Bias by headlines: Some headlines can be deceptive, as their main purpose is to grab attention. -
Mass Media and the Transformation of American Politics Kristine A
Marquette Law Review Volume 77 | Issue 2 Article 7 Mass Media and the Transformation of American Politics Kristine A. Oswald Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.law.marquette.edu/mulr Part of the Law Commons Repository Citation Kristine A. Oswald, Mass Media and the Transformation of American Politics, 77 Marq. L. Rev. 385 (2009). Available at: http://scholarship.law.marquette.edu/mulr/vol77/iss2/7 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at Marquette Law Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Marquette Law Review by an authorized administrator of Marquette Law Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. MASS MEDIA AND THE TRANSFORMATION OF AMERICAN POLITICS I. INTRODUCTION The importance of the mass media1 in today's society cannot be over- estimated. Especially in the arena of policy-making, the media's influ- ence has helped shape the development of American government. To more fully understand the political decision-making process in this coun- try it is necessary to understand the media's role in the performance of political officials and institutions. The significance of the media's influ- ence was expressed by Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn: "The Press has become the greatest power within Western countries, more powerful than the legislature, the executive, and the judiciary. One would then like to ask: '2 By what law has it been elected and to whom is it responsible?" The importance of the media's power and influence can only be fully appreciated through a complete understanding of who or what the media are. -
Al-Gamde Phd 2019
Bangor University DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Media Bias: a corpus-based contrastive study of the online news coverage on the Syrian revolution - a cxritical discourse analysis perspective Algamde, Amaal Award date: 2019 Awarding institution: Bangor University Link to publication General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 07. Oct. 2021 MEDIA BIAS: A CORPUS-BASED CONTRASTIVE STUDY OF THE ONLINE NEWS COVERAGE ON THE SYRIAN REVOLUTION- A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS PERSPECTIVE A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF LINGUISTICS AND ENGLISH LANGUAGE IN FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY AT BANGOR UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARTS AND HUMANITIES SCHOOL OF LINGUISTICS AND ENGLISH LANGUAGE By AMAAL ALI AL-GAMDE, BA, MA BANGOR, JUNE 2019 Abstract The Syrian revolution is one of a series of revolutions that erupted in the Middle East in late 2010 under the name of Arab Spring. -
A Real Alternative? – How Alternative News Media Coverage Compares to the Mainstream in New Zealand Jay Acton 2019 School of C
A Real Alternative? – How Alternative News Media Coverage Compares to the Mainstream in New Zealand Jay Acton 2019 School of Communication Studies Faculty of Design and Creative Technologies A thesis submitted to the Auckland University of Technology in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of a Master of Communication Studies 1 ABSTRACT The public receives most of its information about important national and international events through the news media. Since the advent of the internet, mainstream news media has experienced a decline in its audience as the number and popularity of alternative media outlets has dramatically increased. What the mainstream and alternative news media include in their stories and how they frame these stories has implications for citizens and society. This study compares how news is covered by online text-based alternative and mainstream news in New Zealand using quantitative content analysis. Article length, Context Factors, Number, Type, and Balance of Sources, as well as Dominant Media Frames were measured in coverage of 25 news events across four mainstream and four alternative New Zealand news outlets. The research showed that, compared to the alternative news media, the mainstream news was more consistent, and slightly longer in average article length; used approximately 25% more context factors; relied heavily on government sources versus alternative news reliance on expert sources, and used approximately 30% more sources overall; were 30% more ‘balanced’ in their use of sources, and approximately seven times less likely to run a story using an unopposed source. Furthermore, the research showed that the ‘conflict’ frame dominated mainstream media news stories – wherein two or more sides to a story are presented - while the dominant frame in alternative news media stories was that of ‘attribution of responsibility’. -
Essays on Media Bias and Government Control of Media
ESSAYS ON MEDIA BIAS AND GOVERNMENT CONTROL OF MEDIA By Hon Foong Cheah A DISSERTATION Submitted to Michigan State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Economics 2012 ABSTRACT ESSAYS ON MEDIA BIAS AND GOVERNMENT CONTROL OF MEDIA By Hon Foong Cheah The first portion of my dissertation studies the effects of foreign media entry on the quality of information provided to citizens through government controlled media. The gov- ernment controlled media is tasked to maximize citizen’s support or buy-in, and that they can influence it by misreporting the state. An imperfectly informed foreign media is then introduced as an additional independent information source. This removes the government’s role as the sole provider of information and alters bias in the government media’s report. I find that foreign media typically lowers local media bias. However, when quality of govern- ment is low, foreign media entry can exacerbate local media bias. The resulting deterioration in local media quality can outweigh the additional information from a foreign media of mod- erate quality, leaving citizens worse off. In addition, I analyze the government decision to suppress foreign media, and find suppression most heavily used in countries with moderate quality of governance. The second portion of my dissertation studies the effects of an imperfectly informed foreign media entry on the government’s and citizen’s welfare. The model considers the existence of two government’s type: one that maximizes citizen’s welfare by requiring the controlled media to truthfully report the state, while the other tasks local media to per- suade citizen’s decision by misreporting the state. -
Documenting Investigative Visits to Non- Residential Addresses Claimed by Registered Voters in Southern Nevada and Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
No. 20-1598 In the Supreme Court of the United States __________________________________________________________ PROJECT VERITAS ACTION FUND, Petitioner, v. RACHEL S. ROLLINS, IN HER OFFICIAL CAPACITY AS DISTRICT ATTORNEY FOR SUFFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS, Respondent. ________________________________________ ON PETITION FOR WRIT OF CERTIORARI TO THE U.S. COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FIRST CIRCUIT __________________________________________________________ AMICUS BRIEF OF ACCURACY IN MEDIA, COOLIDGE-REAGAN FOUNDATION, LEADERSHIP INSTITUTE, AND PUBLIC INTEREST LEGAL FOUNDATION IN SUPPORT OF PETITION FOR WRIT OF CERTIORARI __________________________________________________________ DAN BACKER* CHALMERS & ADAMS LLC 441 N. LEE ST., SUITE 300 Alexandria, VA 22314 (202) 210-5431 [email protected] Counsel of Record for Amici Curiae LEGAL PRINTERS LLC ! Washington, DC ! 202-747-2400 ! legalprinters.com TABLE OF CONTENTS Page TABLE OF AUTHORITIES .................................... iii INTERESTS OF AMICI CURIAE ........................... 1 SUMMARY OF ARGUMENT .................................. 2 STATEMENT OF THE CASE ................................. 4 ARGUMENT .............................................................. 7 I. THIS COURT SHOULD GRANT CERTIORARI TO AFFIRM THE FUNDAMENTAL FIRST AMENDMENT RIGHT TO SURREPTITIOUSLY RECORD GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS AND EMPLOYEES. ............................................ 7 A. This Court Should Hold that the Right to Record in a Place Where a Person Otherwise Has the Right to Be Present is a Form of -
An Examination of the Concept of Objectivity
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