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Winter 1989 Gems & Gemology
WINTER 1989 Volume 25 No. 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS EDITORIAL Reflections on the 1980s Richard T Liddicoat FEATURE Emerald and Gold Treasures of the Spanish Galleon ARTICLES Nuestra Seiiora de Atocha Robert E. IZane, Robert C. IZammerling, Rhyna Moldes, John I. Koivula, Shane E McClure, and Christopher P. Smith Zircon from the Harts Range, Northern Territory, Australia Maxwell J Faulkner and lames E. Shigley Blue Pectolite from the Dominican Republic Robert E. Woodr~lf/and Emmanuel Fritsch NOTES Reflectance Infrared Spectroscopy in Gemology AND NEW E Martin, H. Merigoux, and P. Zecchini TECHNIQUES Mildly Radioactive Rhinestones and Synthetic Spinel-and-Glass Triplets Knit Nassau and Edward A, Lewand REGULAR Gem Trade Lab Notes FEATURES Gem News Book Reviews Gemological Abstracts Annual Index ABOUT THE COVER: During the 1600s the Spanish conquerors of the New Worldshipped tons of gold, silver, and copper back to their mother country. They also sent back thousands of carats of rough and jewel-set emeralds. This rosary was one of the many emerald treasurers b~oughtup from the sunken Nuestra Senora de Atocha during the past decade. It had been in its underwater tomb for over 350 years. Staff at the GIA Gem Trade Laboratory and their colleagues have examined several of the emerald and gold treasures recovered from the shipwreck; they report their gemological discoveries and observations on the goldwork in this issue. Photo by Shane i? McClure, CIA Gem Trade Laboratory, Santa Monica, CA. Typesetting for Gems & Gemology is by Scientific Composition, Los Angeles, CA. Color separations are by Effective Graphics, Compton, CA. Printing is by Waverly Press, Easton, MD. -
Emerald and Gold Treasures of the Spanish Galleon Nuestra Senora De Atocha
EMERALD AND GOLD TREASURES OF THE SPANISH GALLEON NUESTRA SENORA DE ATOCHA By Robert E. Kane, Robert C. Kammerling, Rhyna Moldes, John I. Koivula, Shane F. McClure, and Christopher l? Smith During the 1970s and 1980s, treasure uring the Spanish conquest of the New World in the hunters discovered the centuries-old re- D 1500s, conquistadores discovered vast amounts of mains of the sunken Spanish galleons valuable commodities such as gold, silver, copper, indigo, Nuestra Senora de Atocha and Santa Mar- pearls, and emeralds. The last of these, emeralds, was one of garita. Not only did they find massive the rarest items-with only the exhausted Egyptian de- amounts of silver and gold in coins, bars, posits then lznown to the Western world. Gold and silver and chains, but they also uncovered a number of rough emeralds and several were mined in Upper Peru (now Bolivia), Mexico, and the pieces of emerald-set jewelry. Recently, area that was eventually lznown as New Granada (Colom- some of the treasures recovered from the bia, parts of Venezuela, Ecuador, and Panama). In 1537, Atocha were examined at the Santa Gonzalo Jimenez de Quesada was pursuing his conquest of Monica office of the GIA Gem Trade Lab- the interior of Colombia when his men located emerald oratory. Gemological testing of the emer- deposits in an area then called Somondoco and later named alds revealed inclusions typical of stones Chivor. Subsequently, emerald deposits were also found at mined in Colombia as well as possible ev- Muzo, with its even larger (and, many consider, finer) idence of extended submersion in sew- crystals. -
The Gemmological Laboratory Book a Guide for the Management and Technical Operations of Gemmological Laboratories
© CIBJO 2016 All rights reserved GEMMOLOGICAL COMMISSION 2016 - 1 2016–1 2016-10–27 CIBJO/Laboratories CIBJO/GEMMOLOGICAL COMMISSION The Gemmological Laboratory Book A Guide for the Management and Technical Operations of Gemmological Laboratories i © CIBJO 2016 All rights reserved GEMMOLOGICAL COMMISSION 2016 — 1 Table of Contents FOREWORD ............................................................................................................................III INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................V 1. SCOPE............................................................................................................................. 6 2. NORMATIVE REFERENCES .................................................................................................. 6 3. TERMS AND DEFINITIONS .................................................................................................. 7 3.1. AUDIT ..................................................................................................................... 7 3.2. CALIBRATION ........................................................................................................... 7 3.3. CERTIFICATE............................................................................................................ 7 3.4. CERTIFIED REFERENCE MATERIALS — CRMS ................................................................ 7 3.5. COMPETENT SUBCONTRACTOR .................................................................................. -
The Gemmological Laboratory Book a Guide for the Management and Technical Operations of Gemmological Laboratories
© CIBJO 2020 All rights reserved GEMMOLOGICAL COMMISSION 2020 - 1 2020–1 2020-12–22 CIBJO/Laboratories CIBJO/GEMMOLOGICAL COMMISSION The Gemmological Laboratory Book A Guide for the Management and Technical Operations of Gemmological Laboratories i © CIBJO 2020 All rights reserved GEMMOLOGICAL COMMISSION 2020 — 1 Table of Contents FOREWORD ............................................................................................................................................. III INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................ V 1. SCOPE ............................................................................................................................................. 6 2. NORMATIVE REFERENCES ............................................................................................................... 6 3. TERMS AND DEFINITIONS ............................................................................................................... 7 3.1. AUDIT ...............................................................................................................................7 3.2. CALIBRATION .....................................................................................................................7 3.3. CERTIFICATE .....................................................................................................................7 3.4. CERTIFIED REFERENCE MATERIALS — CRMS .....................................................................7 -
The Marcial De Gomar Collection Museum-Quality, Family-Owned Collection of Emeralds at Auction This Spring
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE Contact: Lori Rosen 212.255.8910 [email protected] The Marcial De Gomar Collection Museum-Quality, Family-Owned Collection of Emeralds At Auction This Spring Guernsey's, the New York City-based auction house, is delighted to announce the auction of the Marcial de Gomar Collection of rare emeralds on April 25th. The event will be conducted live at the Americas Society at 680 Park Avenue with online bidding at liveauctioneers.com. The Marcial de Gomar Emerald Collection consists of more than twenty loose emeralds (both cut and rough) plus thirteen pieces of emerald jewelry. These spectacular emeralds were collected by Manuel Marcial de Gomar over a 62 year long career spent both in the United States and in the jungles of Colombia, where he started at the Chivor mines as an interpreter for Russ Anderton and then proceeded to independently mine the Guavio, Gachalá, Somondoco, Boyacá and Muzo regions on horseback, widely known for producing the world's finest emeralds. Mr. Marcial's firsthand knowledge and experience with rare emeralds including shipwreck origin emeralds, has placed him in demand as an author, lecturer and consultant, and while his family continues in their involvement with rare emeralds, it is Manuel's lifelong personal collection that is being sold. Featured lots in the Marcial de Gomar Collection include La Gloria, which, at 887 carats, is one of the largest museum-quality emeralds in the world; the Marcial de Gomar Star, the largest recorded star emerald (among only eleven in the world, according to experts) and perhaps the first of its kind as a double-sided star emerald; and the Tears of Fura, an impressive matched pair of extremely large teardrop-shaped Muzo emeralds. -
The Journal of Gemmology
Volume 22 No. 6. April 1991 The Journal of Gemmology THE GEMMOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION AND GEM TESTING LABORATORY OF GREAT BRITAIN OFFICERS AND COUNCIL Past Presidents: Sir Henry Miers, MA, D.Sc, FRS Sir William Bragg, OM, KBE, FRS Dr. G.E Herbert Smith, CBE, MA, D.Sc. Sir Lawrence Bragg, CH, OBE, MC, B.Sc, FRS Sir Frank Claringbull, Ph.D., Elnst.E, FGS Vice-President: R. K. Mitchell, FGA Council of Management D.J. Callaghan, FGA N.WDeeks,FGA N.B. Israel, FGA E.A. Jobbins, B.Sc, C.Eng., FIMM, FGA I. Thomson, FGA V.E Watson, FGA K. Scarratt, FGA : Chief Executive R.R. Harding, B.Sc, D.Phil., FGA : Director of Gemmology Members' Council A. J.Allnutt,M.Sc, D. Inkersole, FGA PG. Read, C.Eng., Ph.D., FGA B. Jackson, FGA MIEE, MIERE, FGA C. R. Cavey, FGA G.H. Jones, B.Sc, Ph.D., FGA I. Roberts, FGA R J. E.Daly, B.Sc, FGA H. Levy, M.Sc,BA, FGA E.A. Thomson, T. Davidson, FGA J. Kessler Hon. FGA R. Fuller, FGA G. Monnickendam R. Velden J.A.W Hodgkinson, L. Music D. Warren FGA J.B. Nelson, Ph.D., FRMS, CH. Winter, FGA FInst.P, FGA Branch Chairmen: Midlands Branch: D.M. Larcher, FBHI, FGA North-West Branch: W Franks, FGA Examiners: A. J. Allnutt, M.Sc, Ph.D., FGA D. G. Kent, FGA E. M. Bruton, FGA P Sadler, B.Sc, FGS, FGA C. R. Cavey, FGA K. Scarratt, FGA A. E. Farn, FGA E. Stern, FGA R. R. Harding, B.Sc, D.Phil., FGA M.