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El Rol De Las Trazas Fósiles De Tetrápodos En Los Modelos De Icnofacies Continentales En Ambientes De Climas Áridos- Semiáridos

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El Rol De Las Trazas Fósiles De Tetrápodos En Los Modelos De Icnofacies Continentales En Ambientes De Climas Áridos- Semiáridos Tesis Doctoral El rol de las trazas fósiles de tetrápodos en los modelos de icnofacies continentales en ambientes de climas áridos- semiáridos Krapovickas, Verónica 2010 Este documento forma parte de la colección de tesis doctorales y de maestría de la Biblioteca Central Dr. Luis Federico Leloir, disponible en digital.bl.fcen.uba.ar. Su utilización debe ser acompañada por la cita bibliográfica con reconocimiento de la fuente. This document is part of the doctoral theses collection of the Central Library Dr. Luis Federico Leloir, available in digital.bl.fcen.uba.ar. It should be used accompanied by the corresponding citation acknowledging the source. Cita tipo APA: Krapovickas, Verónica. (2010). El rol de las trazas fósiles de tetrápodos en los modelos de icnofacies continentales en ambientes de climas áridos-semiáridos. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Cita tipo Chicago: Krapovickas, Verónica. "El rol de las trazas fósiles de tetrápodos en los modelos de icnofacies continentales en ambientes de climas áridos-semiáridos". Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. 2010. Dirección: Biblioteca Central Dr. Luis F. Leloir, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Contacto: [email protected] Intendente Güiraldes 2160 - C1428EGA - Tel. (++54 +11) 4789-9293 UNIVERSIDAD DE BUENOS AIRES Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Departamento de Ciencias Geológicas EL ROL DE LAS TRAZAS FÓSILES DE TETRÁPODOS EN LOS MODELOS DE ICNOFACIES CONTINENTALES EN AMBIENTES DE CLIMAS ÁRIDOS – SEMIÁRIDOS Trabajo de Tesis para optar al título de Doctor de la Universidad de Buenos Aires en el Área de Ciencias Geológicas VERÓNICA KRAPOVICKAS Directores de Tesis: María Gabriela Mángano Claudia Alicia Marsicano Consejero de Estudios: Carlos Oscar Limarino Buenos Aires, 2010 ÍNDICE RESUMEN i ABSTRACT iv AGRADECIMIENTOS vii DEDICATORIA ix PARTE I Consideraciones Generales CAPITULO 1. Introducción 1 1.1. Objetivos 3 1.2. Antecedentes 5 1.2.1. El modelo de icnofacies 5 1.2.2. Modelos de icnofacies continentales de invertebrados 9 1.2.3. Modelos de icnofacies de vertebrados 17 1.2.4. El empleo de trazas fósiles de tetrápodos en interpretaciones paleoambientales. 23 1.2.5. Definición de ambientes áridos-semiáridos 25 CAPITULO 2. Materiales y Métodos 31 2.1. Materiales 31 2.2. Abreviaturas institucionales 31 2.3. Métodos 32 2.3.1. Estudios de campo 32 2.3.2. Revisión de colecciones 34 2.3.3. Elaboración de base de datos 37 2.3.4. Mediciones y relevamiento de datos 38 2.3.5. Nomenclatura utilizada 44 2.3.6. Descripción composicional de las asociaciones de huellas fósiles: área bioturbada relativa. 45 PARTE II Unidades Estudiadas CAPÍTULO 3. Formación Patquía, Pérmico de la Cuenca de Paganzo, La Rioja 51 3.1. Marco geológico 53 3.2. Trazas de invertebrados 60 3.3. Huellas de tetrápodos 66 3.4. Distribución facial de las trazas fósiles 70 3.5. Interpretación paleobiológica 70 CAPÍTULO 4. Formación Candeleros, Cretácico de la Cuenca Neuquina, Neuquén 74 4.1. Marco geológico 77 4.2. Trazas de invertebrados 84 4.3. Huellas de tetrápodos 91 4.4. Distribución facial de las trazas fósiles 106 4.5. Interpretación paleobiológica 106 CAPÍTULO 5. Formación Anacleto, Cretácico de la Cuenca Neuquina, Neuquén 113 5.1. Marco geológico 115 5.2. Trazas de invertebrados 120 5.3. Huellas de tetrápodos 124 5.4. Trazas de raíces 132 5.5. Distribución facial de las trazas fósiles 135 5.6. Interpretación paleobiológica 136 CAPÍTULO 6. Formación Toro Negro, Mioceno de la Cuenca de Vinchina, La Rioja 141 6.1. Marco geológico 143 6.2. Trazas de invertebrados 152 6.3. Huellas de tetrápodos 155 6.4. Distribución facial de las trazas fósiles 169 6.5. Interpretación paleobiológica 170 6.6. Análisis composicional de la asociación 177 PARTE III Icnología de Ambientes de Climas Áridos – Semiáridos CAPITULO 7. El registro de trazas fósiles en ambientes eólicos 183 7.1. Registro de trazas fósiles de invertebrados y huellas de tetrápodos en ambientes eólicos 185 7.2. Lista sinonímica 200 CAPITULO 8. El registro de trazas fósiles en ambientes aluviales áridos- semiáridos 204 8.1. Registro de trazas fósiles de invertebrados y huellas de tetrápodos en ambientes aluviales áridos-semiáridos 206 8.2. Lista sinonímica 224 PARTE IV Discusión General y Conclusiones CAPÍTULO 9. Análisis paleoecológico y paleoambiental de las unidades estudiadas 226 9.1. Formación Patquía, Pérmico de la Cuenca de Paganzo, La Rioja 226 9.2. Formación Candeleros, Cretácico de la Cuenca Neuquina, Neuquén 231 9.3. Formación Anacleto, Cretácico de la Cuenca Neuquina, Neuquén 241 9.4. Formación Toro Negro, Mioceno de la Cuenca de Vinchina, La Rioja 244 CAPÍTULO 10. Distribución de trazas fósiles en ambientes continentales de climas áridos-semiáridos 251 10.1. Dunas, interdunas secas y mantos de arena 252 10.2. Interdunas húmedas 258 10.3. Lagos de playa de bolsón 260 10.4. Overbank –Lacustre marginal 261 CAPÍTULO 11. El rol de las huellas de tetrápodos en los modelos icnofaciales continentales 265 11.1. Modelos de icnofacies en ambientes eólicos: la falta de integración de los modelos existentes 265 11.2. Icnofacies de Grallator y Brontopodus 268 11.3. Icnofacies de aves costeras (shorebird ichnofacies) 270 11.4. Discusión sobre los modelos de icnofacies de vertebrados existentes 272 11.4.1. Modelo de icnofacies de vertebrados de Lockley et al. 1994 272 11.4.2. Modelo de icnofacies de tetrápodos de Hunt y Lucas 2007 275 11.5. El rol de las huellas de tetrápodos en los modelos de icnofacies continentales 277 11.6. Proyecciones futuras 284 CAPÍTULO 12. Conclusiones 286 12.1. Del análisis paleoecológico y paleoambiental de las unidades estudiadas 286 12.2. De la distribución de trazas fósiles en ambientes continentales de climas áridos-semiáridos 288 12.3. Del rol de las huellas de tetrápodos en los modelos de icnofacies continentales 290 REFERENCIAS 292 TABLAS 322 El rol de las trazas fósiles de tetrápodos en los modelos de icnofacies continentales en ambientes de climas áridos – semiáridos RESUMEN El modelo de icnofacies provee el marco conceptual principal sobre el que los datos icnológicos pueden ser interpretados ambientalmente. Tradicionalmente focalizado en el empleo de trazas fósiles de invertebrados, el modelo de icnofacies continentales se expandió sólo recientemente incluyendo a las huellas de tetrápodos. El objetivo de esta tesis es el de analizar el rol de las huellas de tetrápodos en la elaboración de modelos de icnofacies continentales así como en la reconstrucción de paleoambientes sedimentarios en ambientes de climas áridos-semiáridos. Para ello, se abordó la problemática desde una perspectiva integradora incorporando la información de los ambientes depositacionales, así como la proveniente del campo de la icnología de vertebrados y de invertebrados. Los distintos ejemplos particulares que constituyen la base empírica de este estudio representan una nueva contribución al conocimiento icnofaunístico de distintas unidades litoestratigráficas aflorantes en localidades argentinas (Formación Patquía, Paganzo, provincia de La Rioja; Formación Candeleros, área Villa El Chocón, provincia del Neuquén; Formación Anacleto, Sierra Barrosa, provincia del Neuquén; Formación Vinchina, Vinchina, provincia de la Rioja). La primera de las unidades estudiadas corresponde a la Formación Patquía (Pérmico inferior) en la provincia de la Rioja. Esta presenta una asociación de trazas fósiles presente en cuerpos de agua poco profundos de planicies de inundación caracterizada por trazas de locomoción, descanso y habitación asignados a Cruziana problematica, Rusophycus carbonarius y Palaeophycus tubularis. En los depósitos de mantos de arena de la misma formación se encuentran preservados trazas fósiles de tetrápodos asignados a Chelichnus duncani, trazas de habitación de invertebrados (Palaeophycus tubularis, Skolithos isp.) y locomoción de de artrópodos. Krapovickas, V. i El estudio de la Formación Candeleros (Cretácico Superior) incluye las localidades clásicas de Villa el Chocón y Balneario Villa el Chocón, así como una nueva localidad (Cañadón de las Campanas). La asociación icnológica está preservada en depósitos de interdunas húmedas y lagos de playa de bolsón y contiene trazas de invertebrados (Arenicolites isp., Arenicolites carbonarius, Diplocraterion parallelum, Palaeophycus tubularis, Scoyenia gracilis, Skolithos verticalis, Taenidium barretti), huellas de dinosaurios terópodos (Irenesauripus isp.) y saurópodos (cf. Brontopodus birdi). La asociación de trazas fósiles de la Formación Anacleto (Cretácico Superior) incluye huellas de terópodos avianos y no avianos (Ignotornis mcconnelli, Barrosopus slobodai, huella tridáctila mediana) y trazas de invertebrados (Arenicolites tipo1, tipo2, Palaeophycus tubularis, cf. Digitichnus laminatus, tubos horizontales grandes). Esta asociación se encuentra en cuerpos de agua efímeros desarrollados en zonas deprimidas de la planicie de inundación. Ciertas estructuras asociadas incluyen a megarizolitos, preservados en los depósitos de canales fluviales. La asociación de trazas fósiles de la Formación Toro Negro (Mioceno) en muy diversa. Los depósitos de lóbulos de desbordamiento presentan trazas de alimentación meniscadas y trazas de habitación (Taenidium barretti, Scoyenia gracilis y Palaeophycus tubularis). Los depósitos de barras arenosas emergidas incluyen huellas de aves y mamíferos (Fuscinapeda sirin, Macrauchenichnus rector, cf. Venatoripes riojanus, huellas heterópodas pequeñas, huella
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