Initial Environmental Examination

Sunkhani – Lamidanda - Kalinchok Section of Sunkhani - Sangwa Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project

June 2017

NEP: Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project

Prepared by District Coordination Committee (Dolakha)- Central Level Project Implementation Unit – Ministry of Federals Affairs and Local Development for the Asian Development Bank.

This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section on ADB’s website.

In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

Environmental Assessment Document

Initial Environmental Examination (IEE)

Sunkhani – Lamidanda - Kalinchok Section of Sunkhani - Sangwa Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project

June 2017

NEP: Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project Loan: 3260 Project Number: 49215-001

Prepared by the Government of Nepal for the Asian Development Bank (ADB).

This Report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarilyThe views expressed represent herein those are those of ADB's of the consultantBoard of and Directors, do not necessarily Management, represent or thosestaff ,of and ADB’s may bemembers, preliminary Board ofin Directors,nature. Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.

The views expressed herein are those of the consultant and do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s members, Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.

Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) of Sunkhani-Lamidanda -Kalinchok Section of Sunkhani- Sangwa Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub- project Dolakha District

Submitted to: Government of Nepal National Reconstruction Authority, Singhadurbar, Kathmandu, Nepal

Submitted through: Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project (EEAP), Central Level Project Implementation Unit (CL-PIU)/Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development, Singhdurbar, Kathmandu

Submitted by/Proponent: Office of the District Coordination Committee, Dolakha Charikot, Dolakha June, 2017 IEE of Sunkhani-Lamidanda-Kalinchok Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Dolakha

Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION ...... 1 1.1 Background ...... 1 1.2 Project Implementation Unit/the Proponent ...... 2 1.3 Restructuring at Local Level ...... 2 1.4 Consultant ...... 3 1.5 Objectives of IEE Study ...... 3 1.6 Rationale for Conducting IEE ...... 3 1.7 Study Approach and Methodology for IEE ...... 4 1.7.1 Study Team ...... 4 1.7.2 Project Area Delineation ...... 4 1.7.3 Desk Study and Literature review ...... 5 1.7.4 Field Visit, Data Collection and Analysis ...... 6 1.7.5 Impact Identification, Prediction and Evaluation ...... 7 1.7.6 Group Judgment ...... 8 1.7.7 Designation of Mitigation Measures and Monitoring Plans ...... 8 1.7.8 Report Preparation ...... 8 1.8 Limitations of the IEE Study ...... 8 2. REVIEW OF RELEVANT ACTS, RULES, REGULATIONS AND GUIDELINES ...... 9 3. PROJECT DESCRIPTION ...... 14 3.1 Relevancy of the Proposal ...... 14 3.2 Project Location ...... 14 3.3 Salient Features of the Project ...... 18 3.4 Components and Activities of the Sub-Project ...... 19 3.5 Project Implementation Schedule ...... 20 3.6 Construction Approach ...... 20 4. CHAPTER 4: EXISTING ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITION ...... 21 4.1 Physical Environment ...... 21 4.1.1 Topography ...... 21 4.1.2 Geology and Soil Type ...... 21 4.1.3 Slope Stability and Erosion ...... 23 4.1.4 Seismicity of the Project area ...... 24 4.1.5 Climate ...... 24 4.1.6 Drainage and Hydrology ...... 24 4.1.7 Land Use ...... 25 4.1.8 Air Quality, Water Quality and Noise Levels ...... 25 4.2 Biological Environment ...... 25 4.2.1 Vegetation ...... 25 4.2.2 Domesticated Plants ...... 26 4.2.3 Ethno-botany and NTFPs ...... 26 4.2.4 Rare, Threatened and Protected Plants...... 27 4.2.5 Forest Management Regimes ...... 27

IEE of Sunkhani-Lamidanda-Kalinchok Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Dolakha

4.2.6 Wildlife ...... 28 4.2.7 Rare, Threatened and Protected Wildlife ...... 28 4.3 Socio Economic and Cultural Environment...... 29 4.3.1 Population, Household and Settlement ...... 29 4.3.2 Caste and Ethnicity ...... 31 4.3.3 Language ...... 31 4.3.4 Literacy and Education ...... 31 4.3.5 Occupation ...... 31 4.3.6 Agriculture and Cropping Pattern ...... 32 4.3.7 Livestock ...... 32 4.3.8 Land Holding Pattern ...... 32 4.3.9 Food Sufficiency ...... 32 4.3.10 Migration Pattern ...... 32 4.3.11 Public Health and Sanitation ...... 33 4.3.12 Public Service Infrastructures and Facilities ...... 33 4.3.13 Potential Development Areas ...... 35 4.3.14 Project Affected Families ...... 35 5. IDENTIFICATION OF IMPACTS AND BENEFIT AUGMENTATION/ MITIGATION MEASURES 37 5.1 Beneficial Impacts and Augmentation Measures ...... 37 5.1.1 Beneficial Impacts during Construction Phase ...... 37 5.1.2 Beneficial Impacts during Operation Phase ...... 38 5.2 Adverse Impacts and Mitigation Measures ...... 40 5.2.1 Imapcts during Pre-construction Phase and Mitigation Measures ...... 40 5.2.2 Adverse Impacts during Construction Phase ...... 42 5.2.3 Adverse Impacts during Operation Phase ...... 50 5.3 Climate Change Impacts ...... 52 5.4 Cumulative Impact ...... 53 5.4.1 Beneficial Impacts ...... 53 5.4.2 Adverse Impacts ...... 54 6. PROJECT ALTERNATIVES ...... 55 6.1 No Action Option ...... 55 6.2 Project Alternative ...... 55 6.3 Alternative Alignment ...... 55 6.4 Alternative Design and Construction Approach ...... 55 6.5 Alternative Schedule and Process ...... 56 6.6 Alternative Resources ...... 56 7. PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE ...... 57 7.1 Public Notice ...... 57 7.2 Public Consultations ...... 57 7.3 Information Disclosure ...... 58 8. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM ...... 59

IEE of Sunkhani-Lamidanda-Kalinchok Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Dolakha

8.1 First level of GRM ...... 59 8.2 Second level of GRM ...... 59 8.3 Third level of GRM ...... 59 8.4 Fourth level of GRM ...... 60 8.5 Procedure for Grievances Handling as Per National Law ...... 60 9. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ...... 61 9.1 Institutions and their Roles ...... 62 9.2 Reporting and Documentation ...... 63 9.3 Implementation of the Mitigation Measures ...... 64 9.4 Matter to be monitored while implementing the Proposal ...... 72 9.4.1 Baseline Monitoring ...... 72 9.4.2 Compliance Monitoring ...... 72 9.4.3 Impact Monitoring ...... 72 9.5 Monitoring Indicator ...... 72 9.5.1 Pre-Construction Phase ...... 73 9.5.2 Construction Phase ...... 73 9.5.3 Operation Phase ...... 73 9.6 Monitoring Indicators ...... 74 9.7 Cost of Mitigation and Enhancement ...... 81 9.8 Costs of Environmental Monitoring ...... 82 10. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION ...... 83 11. References ...... 84

iii

IEE of Sunkhani-Lamidanda-Kalinchok Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Dolakha

List of Tables Table 1: Restructuring of affected VDCs of Dolakha district ...... 2 Table 2: Study Team ...... 4 Table 3: Impact Area Delineation ...... 5 Table 4: Numerical scales as proposed in the National EIA Guidelines ...... 8 Table 5: Cumulative scores of level of significance ...... 8 Table 6: Review of relevant Acts, Rules, Regulations and Guidelines ...... 9 Table 7: Salient Features of Sunkhani - Lamidanda - Kalinchok Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-Project ...... 18 Table 8: Sub-Project Implementation Schedule ...... 20 Table 9: Geology and Soil Type along Road Alignment ...... 22 Table 10: Landslides and Erosion Prone Areas along Road Alignment ...... 23 Table 11: Landuse along the Road Alignment ...... 25 Table 12: Medicinal Plants and Local Use ...... 26 Table 13: Community along the Road Alignment ...... 27 Table 14: Rare, Threatened and Protected Animals Found in Project Area ...... 29 Table 15: Population Profile of Project Area ...... 30 Table 16: Settlements and Population along the Road Corridor ...... 30 Table 17: Food Sufficiency of Surveyed HH ...... 32 Table 18: Recommended Spoil Disposal Sites ...... 45 Table 19: Possible Quarry Sites ...... 46 Table 20: No. of Trees to be Felled and Compensation ...... 49 Table 21: Summary of the Meeting Minutes during Public Consultations ...... 57 Table 22: Institutional Roles and Responsibilities ...... 62 Table 23: Summary of the Beneficial Impacts and Enhancement Measures ...... 65 Table 24: Summary of Adverse Impact Prediction and Mitigation Measures ...... 66 Table 25: Monitoring Indicators Selected for this IEE ...... 74 Table 26: Compliance Monitoring of Sunkhani – Lamidanda - Kalinchok Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project ...... 76 Table 27: Impact Monitoring of Sunkhani – Lamidanda - Kalinchok Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project ...... 78 Table 28: Estimate of Environmental Cost of the Sub-Project ...... 81 Table 29: Estimated Cost for Environmental Monitoring ...... 82

IEE of Sunkhani-Lamidanda-Kalinchok Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Dolakha

List of Figures Figure 1: Sunkhani-Lamidanda- Kalinchok Road in DTMP Map of Dolakha District...... 15 Figure 2: Road Alignment in Topographical Map ...... 16 Figure 3: Road Alignment in Ecological Map ...... 17 Figure 4: Road Alignment in Google Earth Map ...... 21 Figure 5: Location of Sub-project in Geological Map ...... 22 Figure 6: Seismic risk map of Nepal ...... 24 Figure 7: Grievance Redress Mechanism as Per EARF of EEAP ...... 60 Figure 8: Grievance Redress Mechanism in National Law ...... 61 Figure 9: Environment Management Organization Structure ...... 63

List of Annexes Annex 1: Terms of Reference approval letter & Approved ToR ...... 86 Annex 2: REA checklist and climate change checklist...... 97 Annex 3: Environmental Checklists ...... 101 Annex 4: Public Notice ...... 104 Annex 5: Deeds of Inquiries ...... 106 Annex 6: Recommendation letter ...... 113 Annex 7: Minutes of Public Consultations ...... 117 Annex 8: Tree loss and compensatory plantation ...... 124 Annex 9: project cost ...... 135 Annex 10: Grievance Redress Mechanism...... 149 Annex 11: Environmental and Social Monitoring Report Outline ...... 150 Annex 12: Pictorial Highlights ...... 151 Annex 13:: Cost Estimation for Land Compensation of New Land Plots in Sunkhani-Lamidanda- Kalinchok Road Subproject ...... 154

IEE of Sunkhani-Lamidanda-Kalinchok Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Dolakha

Acronyms and Abbreviations

ADB: Asian Development Bank GIS: Geographical Information System amsl: above mean sea level GoN: Government of Nepal BS: Bikram Sambat HH: Household CBO: Community Based Organization HIV: Human Immune Deficiency Virus CFUGs: Community Forest User Group IEE: Initial Environmental Examination CISC: Central Implementation and Support IUCN: International Union for Consultant Conservation of Nature CITES: Convention on International Trade in LEP: Labor based Environmentally Endangered Species Friendly and Participatory Approach CL-PIU: Central Level Project Implementation LPG: Liquefied Petroleum Gas Unit MoFALD: Ministry of Federal Affairs and dB: Decibel Local Development DCC: District Coordination Committee MoPE: Ministry of Population and DCRN: District Core Road Network Environment DDC: District Development Committee NGO: Non Governmental Organization DRILP: Decentralized Rural Infrastructure and NTFPs: Non Timber Forest Products Livelihoods Project NRA: National Reconstruction Authority DL-PIU: District Level Project Implementation ODF: Open Defecation Free Unit PAFs: Project Affected Families DMG: Department of Mines and Geology PAM: Project Administration Manual DNPWC: Department of National Parks and PIU: Project Implementation Unit Wildlife Conservation RCC: Reinforced Cement Concrete DoLIDAR: Department of Local Infrastructure RP: Resettlement Plan Development and Agricultural Roads RoW: Right of Way DoR: Department of Roads SDC: Swiss Agency for Development and DTMP: District Transport Master Plan Cooperation DTO: District Technical Office STDs: Sexually Transmitted Diseases DWSC: Department of Watershed and Soil SWCA: Soil and Water Conservation Act Conservation ToR: Terms of Reference EA: Environmental Assessment/Executing VDC: Village Development Committee Agency www: World Wide Web EARF: Environment Assessment and Review ZoI: Zone of Influence Framework EEAP: Earthquake Emergency Assistance Programme EIA: Environmental Impact Assessment EMP: Environment Management Plan GESI AP: Gender Equality and Social Inclusion Action Plan

IEE of Sunkhani-Lamidanda-Kalinchok Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Dolakha

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IEE of Sunkhani-Lamidanda-Kalinchok Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Dolakha k|d'v hfltdf yfdL / kfxf8L a|Dx0f /x]sf 5g\ . cfof]hgf If]qsf] ;fIf/tf b/ &)=! k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . cfof]hgf If]qsf w]/}h;f] AolQmx? s[lif / kz'kfng k]zfdf ;+nUg 5g\ . cGo d'Vo k]zfdf Aofkf/ / j}b]lzs /f]huf/ dxTjk"0f{ 5g\ . vfg]kfgLsf] nflu *# k|ltzt 3/w'/Ln] kfOkåf/f ljtl/t kfgLsf] k|of]u ub{5g\ . k|efljt If]qsf ^@ k|ltzt 3/w'/Ldf dfq ljB't ;]jf k'u]sf] 5 . l;;fuf]nfO{ -ebf}/] ahf/_, nflknfª, sflt{s], u'd', le/d'gL, uf]n9'Ë cfbL oxfFsf :yfgLo jhf/ x'g\ / d'Vo ahf/ eg] rl/sf]6 tyf lh/L g=kf=df /x]sf] 5 .

&= jftfj/0fLo k|efjx? &=! ;sf/fTds k|efjx? pkcfof]hgf lgdf{0fsf qmddf tTsfn b]lvPsf ;sf/fTds k|efjx?df o;n] @*(,%)) JoQmLlbg a/fj/sf] c:yfoL /f]huf/Lsf] cj;/ ;[hgf ug]{ 5 . o;}u/L cfof]hgf ;~rfng kl5 x'g] ;sf/fTds k|efjx?df bf]nvf lhNnfsf u|fld0f pQ/klZrdL e]usf hgtfnfO{ aif}e/L oftfoftsf] ;'ljwf tyf kx'Fr, :yfgLo s[lif pkhdf cfwfl/t s[lif pBf]usf] k|j4{g / cfly{s ljsf; /x]sf 5g\ . ;8s ;+rfngdf cfPkl5 pkcfof]hgf k|efljt If]qsf hgtfx?nfO{ ;fdflhs ;]jf h:t}M :jf:Yo, lzIff, ;fd'bflos ;]jf, ahf/ tyf cGo ;'lawfdf ;xh / b|"t kxF'r k|fKt x'g]5 . o; ;8ssf] k'g:yf{kgf tyf k'glg{df{0f kl5 o; If]qdf b}lgs pkEff]Uo a:t'x?, vfB tyf cGo a:t'x?sf] cfk'lt{ ;xh x'g]5 eg] o; If]qsf] :yfgLo s[lif pkhn] klg ;xh ahf/ k|fKt ug]{5 h;n] ubf{ hLjg:t/ a[l4 x'g]5 / e"sDk k|efljt hgtfsnfO{ ;fdflhs tyf cfly{s k'g:yf{kgfdf d2t k'Ug]5 .

&=@ gsf/fTds k|efjx? pkcfof]hgf lgdf{0fsf qmddf jftfj/0fsf] ;fdflhs cjojdf b]lvg;Sg] k|d'v gsf/fTds k|efjx?df pknAw ;]jf ;'ljwfdf bjfj, :yfgLo / cfuGt's sfdbf/x? lar åGb l;h{gf, k]zfut :jf:Yo tyf ;'/Iffdf k|efj, cflb d'Vo ;/f]sf/sf /x]sf 5g . ;8s lj:tf/ tyf gfnf lgdf{0f ubf{ ljleGg lsQf tyf hUufwlgdf ljeflht !=(! x] lghL hUuf k|fKt ug'{kg]{ / $±&*% / @!±))) df @–@ j6f, !@±($), @%±!^&, @%±*&% df !–! j6f / @#±)() j/k/ ^ jf6f u/L !# j6f lghL ;+/rgfdf Iflt k'Ug] b]lvG5 . To:t} ;8s 5]pdf /x]sf] Pp6f dlGb/nfO{ :yfgfGt/0f ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 . cGo c;/x?df sfo{ / Hofnf ljt/0fdf n}+lus lje]b, hf]lvdk"0f{ sfo{df gfjfnsfx?sf] k|of]u, c:j:y cfjf;sf sf/0f km}lng] /f]u, zf/Ll/s ;Dks{sf sf/0f ;g]{ of}g /f]u tyf cGo ;?jf /f]ux? x'g;Sg] b]lvG5g\ . ;fy} cfof]hgf ;+rfng kZrft pknAw ;'ljwfsf sf/0f ;8s lsgf/df cJojl:yt j;f]jf; a9\g uO{ ;8s If]q cltqmd0f x'g] ;Defjgf klg /xG5 . ;8s lgdf{0f k|s[ofdf k|of]u x'g] pks/0f, ;jf/L;fwg Pj+ /;folgs tTjx?sf] sf/0f Wjlg, xfjf / kfgL k|b'lift x'g ;S5 . kmf]xf]/sf] plrt Joj:yfkg gePdf hn tyf hldgsf] k|b'if0fn] cGo gsf/fTds k|efj lgDTofpg] ;Defjgf /xG5 . lgdf{0f ;fdlu|x?sf] ;d'lrt e08f/0f tyf ;+rfng gubf{ r'xfj6sf sf/0f ;txL tyf e'ldut hn k|b'lift x'g;Sb5 . h}ljs jftfj/0fdf kg]{ k|efjsf] ;Gbe{df rf]/Llzsf/Lsf sf/0f jGohGt'df kg]{ k|efjnfO{ dxTjk"0f{ dfGg ;lsG5 . cfjZos dfkb08cg';f/ ;8s lj:tf/sf qmddf )±%)) b]lv !±^)), !±&)) b]lv @±&)) / !%±&%) b]lv !^±!)) qmdzM /fDr] ;Nn]/L, hgPstf / lxn]kfgL ;f=a=sf] hDdf (% j6f lrnfpg], plQ;, ;Nnf / dn]6f]sf ?vx? sf6\g'kg]{ b]lvG5 .

*= ;sf/fTds k|efj a9fpg] pkfo 7]s]bf/ / sfdbf/sf nflu ljleGg jftfj/0fLo ;r]tgf d"ns tflndx? lbOg]5 . sfdbf/x?nfO{ OlGhlgol/u+ ;+/rgfsf] lgdf{0f tyf h}ljs k|ljlwsf] sfd ;DaGwL l;kd'ns tflnd lbO{g] 5 . k|efljt 3/w'/Lx?sf] nflu

IEE of Sunkhani-Lamidanda-Kalinchok Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Dolakha cfod'ns tflnd ;+rfng ul/g]5 . ;8s lgdf{0fsf s|ddf sDtLdf @)% dlxnf ;xeflutf u/fpg k|f]T;fxg ul/G5 . (= Go"lgs/0fsf pkfox? cfof]hgfsf] gsf/fTds c;/x? Go"lgs/0f ug{sf nflu ljleGg Jojxfl/s tyf ldtJooL pkfox? ;'emfj ul/Psf] 5 . cfof]hgfsf k|:tfjsn] cfof]hgf lgdf{0f tyf ;~rfngsf] cjlwdf o:tf pkfox? cjnDag ug]{ 5g\ . cjnDag ul/g] s]xL k|d'v pkfox? lgDgfg';f/ 5g\ .  cled'lvs/0f tyf Ifdtf ljsf; tflnd dfkm{t dxLnf tyf ljkGg au{sf] ;;lQms/0f ul/g]5 .  lghL hUuf, lghL ;+/rgf / lghL ?vla?jf nufotsf lghL ;DklQsf] clwu|x0f ubf{ Ifltk'lt{ lbOg]5 .  l;+rfO{sf s'nf]x?sf] xsdf ;se/ ltgsf] ;+/If0f jf Iflt k'u]df lgdf{0f kZrft k'g:yf{kgf ul/g]5 .  :yfgLo ;]jf ;'ljwfdf bjfj sd ug{ 7]s]bf/n] b}lgs pkef]Uo cfjZostf h:t} vfg] kfgL, ;+rf/, tyf vfgf ksfpg] OGwg, cflbsf] Joj:yf SofDkleq} ug]{ 5 . lgdf{0f ultljlwsf sf/0f s'g} ef}lts ;+/rgfdf Iflt x'g uPdf To;sf] k'glg{df{0f jf k'g:yf{kgf ul/g] 5 .  k]zfut :jf:Yo / ;'/Iffsf] ;/f]sf/sf nflu cfjZos tof/L ul/g] 5 . sfdbf/x?nfO{ x]Nd]6, kGhf, a'6, ;'/IffTds k]6L, r:df, df:s cflb k|bfg ul/g] 5 . lgdf{0f / e08f/0f:yndf cgflws[t k|j]z / ultljlw /f]Sg vt/fsf ;+s]tx?, 5]saf/ Pj+ kfn]sf] Joj:yf ul/g] 5 .  SofDk tyf lgdf{0f If]qaf6 %) ld k/ c:yfO{ rkL{sf] Joj:yf ul/g] 5 / ltgnfO{ kfgLsf] ;|f]taf6 %) ld k/ /flvg] 5 .  pTvgg\af6 lg:s]sf] df6f]nfO{ lgwf{l/t :yfgdf 6f] jfn, l/6]lgË jfn, j[Iff/f]k0f / cfjZostf cg';f/ gfnLx? lgdf{0f u/L ;xL tl/sfn] Joj:yfkg ul/g]5 .  ljBdfg / ;Defljt klx/f]nfO{ pko'Qm h}ljs k|ljlwsf] k|of]u u/L lgoGq0f tyf /f]syfd ul/g]5 .  cfof]hgf lgdf{0fsf] qmddf lg:sg] 3/]n' tyf lgdf{0fhGo kmf]xf]/d}nfnfO{ gbLIf]q af6 k/ pko'Qm :yfgdf / efF8f]df ;+sng ul/g] 5 / ltgsf] k|sf/ cg'?k Joj:yfkg ul/g]5 .  lgdf{0f ultljlwdf k|of]u x'g] t]n tyf cGo /;folgs kbfy{x?nfO{ pko'Qm :yfgdf Wofgk'j{s e08f/0f tyf pkof]u ul/g] 5 .  cfof]hgfn] sf6\g] tLg ;fd'bflos jgsf ?vx?sf] Ifltk'lt{sf nflu @#&% -!M@% sf] cg'kftdf_ j6f ?vx? /f]kL ;fd'bfls jg dfkm{t ;+/If0fsf] Joj:yf ldnfOg] 5 .

!)= ;fj{hlgs k/fdz{ tyf ;"rgf ;fj{hlgs ug]{ k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f k|ltj]bg tof/Lsf] nflu !% lbg] ;fj{hlgs ;'rgf g]kfn ;dfrf/kq /fli6«o b}lgsdf lj=;+= @@÷!@÷@)&@ df k|sflzt u/L tTsflng ;DalGwt uf=lj=;=, lh=j=sf=, lh=lj=;= tyf ljBfno, :jf:y rf}sL, ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x tyf cGo ;/f]sf/jfnf AolQm jf ;+:yfx?af6 /fo ;'´fa ;+sngsf] nfuL k|sfzLt u/l/Psf] lyof] . k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f ug]{ qmddf k|:tfljt ;8s glhssf j:tLx?df ufpmF:t/Lo ;+3;+:yfsf k|ltlgwL tyf cGo :yfgLo AolStx?;Fu k|:tfjLt pkcfof]hgfaf6 kg{ hfg] ;sf/fTds tyf gsf/fTds c;/ jf/] hfgsf/L u/fpg ;fj{hlgs 5nkmn u/LPsf] lyof] . :yfgLo ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] /fo;'emfj ;lxt ;dfj]z u/L tof/ ul/Psf] k|ltj]bg :jLs[tLsf] nflu /fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws/0f ;dIf k]z ul/g]5 . l:js[t k|ltj]bg ;/f]sf/jfnf / cGo AolQm jf ;+:yfx?sf] kx'rsf]

IEE of Sunkhani-Lamidanda-Kalinchok Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Dolakha nfuL PlzofnL ljsf; a}+s, ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yflgo ljsf; dGqfno, /fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws/0f, e"sDk cfktsfnLg ;xfotf cfof]hgfsf] j]e;fO6df /flvg]5 .

!!= u'gf;f] lgbfg ;+oGq pkcfof]hgfsf] jftfj/0fLo / ;fdflhs sfo{;Dkfbgsf] ;Gbe{df :yfgLo hgtfsf] hgu'gf;f] ;'Gg / tLgsf] plrt tyf ;dofg's'n ;Daf]wg ug{ o; k|f=j=k= k|ltj]bgdf $ txsf] u'gf;f] lgbfg ;+oGqsf] af/]df cf}+NofOPsf] 5 .

!@= jftfj/0fLo Aoj:yfkg of]hgf pkcfof]hgfsf] c;/, l:ylt, ltgsf Go"lgs/0fsf pkfox?, cg'udgsf] tl/sf / ;do tlnsf ;d]6]/ cWofo ( df jftfj/0fLo Joj:yfkg of]hgf tof/ kf/LPsf] 5 . o;sf ;fy} Go"lgs/0fsf pkfo sfof{Gjog / cg'udgsf] lhDd]jf/ lgsfosf] klxrfg o; jftfj/0fLo Aoj:yfkg of]hgfdf ul/Psf] 5 . k|:tfljt cfof]hgfsf ef}lts, h}ljs, ;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts jftfj/0f cGtu{tsf ljleGg cg'udgsf ;"rsx? klg kQf nufOPsf 5g\ . pkcfof]hgf k'glg{df{0fsf] cg'udg /fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws/0f tyf lhNnfsf cGo lgsfox?n] ug]{5g\ . jftfj/0fLo cg'udgsf] nflu ? @)),))) ljlgof]hg ul/Psf] 5 . o; pkcfof]hgfsf] jftfj/0fLo Joj:yfkgsf] nfuL ? !$,@((,!&&=)^ 5'6ofOPsf] 5 . h;dWo] ? !@,&%*,^(&=)^ o;sf] l;len nfutdf ;dfj]z ul/;lsPsf] 5 . o;n] k'g:yf{kgf of]hgf / n}+lus ;dfgtf tyf ;fdflhs ;dfof]hg of]hgfsf] sfof{Gjog nfutnfO{ ;d]6]sf] 5}g .

!#= lgisif{ o;:t/sf] pkcfof]hgfsf nflu pkcfof]hgfaf6 x'g] gsf/fTds c;/x? guGo 5g\ . w]/}h;f] c;/x? :yfgLo :t/d} lgdf{0f r/0fdf dfq l;ldt 5g\ . cfof]hgfaf6 x'g] gsf/fTds c;/x? lbOPsf Go"lgs/0fsf pkfox?af6} sd ug{ ;lsG5 . jftfj/0fLo Aoj:yfkg of]hgfsf] leq ;d]6LPsf pkfox? cjnDag u/LP kl/of]hgf If]qdf ef}lts, h}ljs, ;fdflhs tyf ;f:s[lts jftfj/0fdf 7"nf] c;/kg]{ b]lvb}g . To;}n] cfof]hgfsf] k|s[lt, o;sf] cjl:ylt, :yfgLo hg;d'bfox?sf] cfof]of]hgf k|ltsf] ?lr tyf klxrfg ul/Psf ;Defljt gsf/fTds c;/x?nfO{ dWogh/ ub{} k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo kl/If0f cWoogn] lgb]{zg u/] cg'?ksf] Go"lgs/0f tyf clej[l4s/0fsf pkfox? cjnDag u/L pkcfof]hgf ;~rfng ug{ pko'Qm b]lvG5 . o;sf] nflu k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo kl/If0f cWoog g} oy]i7 /x]sf] 5 .

IEE of Sunkhani-Lamidanda-Kalinchok Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Dolakha

Executive Summary 1. Background In order to accelerate economic and social recovery of the communities through rehabilitation and reconstruction of local infrastructures damaged due to devastating earthquake of 25 April 2015 and the major aftershock of 12 May 2015, Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project (EEAP) has been impelemented under financial support of Asian Development Bank (ADB) and technical support of Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) in 12 affcted district. Through this project, the ADB will support the Government of Nepal (GoN) in its efforts to put thousands of children back into schools, return vital government services to desperate communities, and create jobs and income for families by repairing critical road networks. The project will also repair and improve about 135 km of strategic roads and about 450 km of rural roads damaged by the earthquake and landslides. The National Reconstruction Authority (NRA) is the coordinating government agency. The Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development (MoFALD) and District coordination Committees (DCCs), District Technical Office (DTO) are the implementing agencies at central and district levels respectively. Sunkhani-Lamidanda-Kalinchok Section (27.373 Km) of Sunkhani-Sangwa Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-Project is one of the project under EEAP. As the district level implementing agency of the sub-project, this IEE study report has been prepared by DCC (then District Development Committee, DDC), to address the likely environmental and social impact, both beneficial and adverse, due to the proposed upgrading of the road.

2. The Proponent The DCC (then DDC), Dolakha is the executing agency at the district level under Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project (EEAP) project and the proponent of the Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) study for the rehabilitation and reconstruction of Sunkhani-Lamidanda- Kalinchok Section (27.373 km) of Sunkhani – Sangwa Road.

Full Address of the Proponent: Office of the District Coordination Committee, Dolakha Charikot, Dolakha Telephone No. 049-421493 Fax No. 049-421141 Website: www.ddcdolakha.gov.np

3. Relevancy of the Proposal The proposed rehabilitation and reconstruction of Sunkhani-Lamidanda-Kalinchok Section of Sunkhani-Sangwa Road Rural Road will render the existing infrastructure devastated by devastating earthquake of 25 April 2015 and the major aftershock of 12 May 2015 fully operative and reinstate access to the rural north-western part of Dolakha district and more than 21 settlements of Kalinchok rural municipality, ward 2-8 (then Sunkhani, Lapilang, Lamidada and Babare VDCs) to Charikot and other parts of the country.

4. Rationale and Objectives of the IEE study Preparation of IEE for district road rehabilitation and reconstruction is mandatory according to Act relating to Reconstruction of the Earthquake affected structures 2015, Rule relating to xii

IEE of Sunkhani-Lamidanda-Kalinchok Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Dolakha

Reconstruction of the Earthquake affected structures 2016, Working procedure relating with Environmental Impact Assessment for reconstruction of the earthquake affected structures, 2016 and amendment (Schedule 1) and ADB Safeguard Policy Statement, 2009 to suggest the appropriate practical & site specific mitigation/enhancement measures to address the environmental impact of the propoal. The main objective of the IEE study is to identify the impacts of physical, biological, socio- economic and cultural environment of the sub-project area and recommend practical and site specific environmental mitigation and enhancement measures, prepare and implement environmental management plan for the sub-project.

5. Project Description and Study Methodology The proposed subproject passes through Kalinchok rural municipality, ward 2-8 (then Sunkhani, Lapilang, Lamidada and Babare VDCs) of Dolakha District of Nepal. Then DDC has proposed for reconstruction of Sunkhani to Kyanpa, 27.373 km section of the road under EEAP. It will be rehabilitated and reconstructed into a District Road Core Network (DRCN) standard road with gravel pavement. The road will have 6.25 meter formation width including shoulder and drainage. The estimated total engineering cost including VAT is NRs. 459,832,242.72. This IEE report has been prepared following necessary desk and field study and defined procedure and also on the basis of the ToR approved by the secretary level decision of the MoFALD on 2016-03-23 A.D. to fulfill the statutory requirement of GoN.

6. Existing Environmental Condition The project area lies in the Mid-hills (Lesser Himalayan) physiographic zones of Nepal. The area has a rugged topography consisting steep hills and river valleys. Geologically, the study area comprises medium to high grade metamorphic rocks of Lesser Himalayan Sequence of Central Nepal mainly phyllites and augen gneisses with bands of schists, carbonates and quartzites. Considering the elevation, the area has sub-tropical to lower temperate climatic conditions. As reported in the District Profile (2072) based on DHM data of recorded in the nearest meteorological station located in Jiri Municipality (index no. 1103), annual rainfall is 2043.5 mm. Based on the same source, the annual average maximum temperature is 19oC and the annual average minimum temperature is 8oC. The road alignment passes through more than 30 small to large streams. The landuse in the ZoI includes cultivated/agricultural land, settlement and market area and forest. The sub-project segment passes amongt cultivation area, settlement, forest and open land among which Chainages 0+500-1+600, 1+700-2+700 and 15+750-16+100 have been handed over to three community forests. The project area has representation of Sub-tropical Broadleaved Forest, Sub-tropical Pine Forest, Alder Forest and Lower Temperate Mixed-Broad Leaved Forest. The trees reported alongside of the road alignment include Khote Salla, Uttis, Angeri, Banjh, Chilaune, Chuletro, Dhatelo, Gurans, Kafal, Katush, Khanyu, Tanki, Lakuri, etc. As known from discussion with the local people, rare wildlife visits the forest and agricultural land bordering forest. The road alignment passes through more than 21 major settlements along the alignment that include Sisa Golai (Bhadaure), Dudhpokhari, Liptun, Pilkhepa, Gujarpa, Godun, Kurathali, Thanmaru, Lakaigau, Lapilang, Gumu, Hilepani, Bojeni, Ghyan, Karmathali, Sinkhu, Babare, xiii

IEE of Sunkhani-Lamidanda-Kalinchok Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Dolakha

Sisneri, Kusawati, Kotisyau and Damba of Kalinchok rural municipality ward 2-8 (then Sunkhani, Lapilang, Lamidada and Babare VDCs) of Dolakha District. Around 8671 persons with 4148 male and 4523 female live in 2085 households in the ZoI of the sub-project. The population of the project area is dominated by Chhetri followed by Thami and Hill-Brahmin. Total literacy of the project area is 70.1%. Agriculture and livestock rearing is the major occupation of the project area. Other occupations include small business and aboard jobs. For drinking water, almost 83% of the household are using piped supply. Only 62% of the households in the project area have been supplied with electricity. Sisagolai (Bhadaure Bazaar), Lapilang, Kartike, Gumu, Bhirmuni, Goldhunga, etc are the local market center and the major market is in Charikot and Jiri Municipality.

7. Environmental Impacts 7.1 Beneficial Impacts The immediate beneficial impact from the project during construction phase is generation of temporary employment opportunity of 289,500 person days. The major beneficial impacts after project completion includes enhanced accessibility and transportation facility throughout the year to the people of northwestern part of Dolakha District, promotion of agro-enterprises based on local agricultural products and economic development. Once in operation the road will offer easy, comfortable and quick access to people of the area to social service facilities like health, education, market and other facilities. Likewise, this will ease the supply of daily consumables, food and others and provide market to local agricultural products which will improve the quality of their living and help the the earthquake affected people in social and economic recovery. 7.2 Adverse Impacts Among the adverse impact on the social domain of the environment, pressure on existing service facilities, possible conflict and clash between local and outside workers, occupational health and safety are of chief concern. For widening of road and construction of side drains 1.91 ha of private land distributed in different plots belonging to different owners will be acquired and thirteen (13) private structures, 2 each at Ch 4+785 and Ch 21+000, 1 each at Ch 12+940, 25+167, 25+875, 2 at and 6 around Ch 23+090 will be damaged. There is a temple along the road which needs to be relocated to attain the required width of the road. Other impacts are gender discrimination in task and wage distribution, involvement of children in risky works, diseases due to unhygienic living condition, communicable diseases and STDs, etc. After operation of the subproject, ribbon settlement could develop along the project alignment haphazardly and road encroachment might occur. Operation of construction equipment and vehicles and use of chemical substances during construction activites may produce noise, water and air pollution. Improper management of waste may cause water and soil pollution leading to other deleterious consequences. Improper storage and handling of construction materials and equipments may cause water and soil pollution through leakage and seepage. Regarding the impact on biological environment, hunting and poaching of wild animal is also possible during construction and operation but the chances are very low. Altogether 95 trees of Chilaune, Salla, Uttis and Mollato belonging to the three CFUGs need to be felled down at Chainage 0+500-1+600, 1+700-2+700 and 15+750- 16+100 from three community forests: Jana Ekta, Ramche Salleri and Hilepani CFs respectively for road widening to the designed standard.

xiv

IEE of Sunkhani-Lamidanda-Kalinchok Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Dolakha

8. Benefit Augmentation Measures Environmental awareness raising training will be provided to the contractor and workers. Skill enhancement training on construction of soft engineering structures and bioengineering works will be conducted for workers. Life skill training based on such as income generation activities will be conducted for affected households. Emphasis will be given to involve at least 20% female workers in construction works. 9. Mitigation Measures A number of practical and cost effective mitigation measures have been suggested to prevent, correct and compensate the adverse effects of the project implementation. The project proponent is bound to implement these measures during the construction and operation of the project. Some of the major measures to be adopted are as follows:  Women and disadvantaged people will be empowered through awareness and capacity development training.  Private properties including private land, private structures and private trees will be acquired after compensation.  Irrigation systems will be protected or rehabilitated after construction in case of damage.  To reduce the pressure on service facilities, contractor will manage utilities like communication, lighting and cooking energy, drinking water supply, etc within the camp. Any damages to physical infrastructures will be reconstructed or rehabilitated.  To address the issue of occupational health and safety, proper safety arrangements will be made. Safety equipment such as helmets, boots, gloves, safety belts, safety glasses and masks will be provided to the workers working in the construction sites. Warning signs, posts, barriers and guards will be installed to restrict access of unauthorized persons to storage areas.  Arrangements of temporary latrines will be made for workers and they will be placed 50 m away from water bodies.  Spoil generated from earthwork will be disposed in designated location and managed properly with toe wall and retaining wall, vegetation cover and necessary drainage structures.  Existing and possible landslides will be controlled or prevented by appropriate bioengineering technique.  All the camp wastes and construction wastes will be placed in the designated waste collection pits away from the water path and managed according to their type.  Oils and other chemicals used in construction activities will be handled carefully and stored in fallow land away from the river beds by using impervious layers.  Arrangement will be made to plant 2375 trees and protect them through the respective CFUGs to compensate the 95 trees felled from the Community Forests.

10. Public Consultation and Information Disclosure In order to prepare the IEE report, 15 days public notice was published on 04/04/2016 AD in Nepal Samacharpatra, a national Nepali daily newspaper seeking written opinions from concerned then VDCs, DFO, CFUGs, schools, health posts and related local organizations. Public consultation was done with the local people living near the proposed road, members of local organizations and local leaders during the preparation of IEE report in order to aware

IEE of Sunkhani-Lamidanda-Kalinchok Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Dolakha them of incoming road rehabilitation and reconstruction sub-project and to identify the possible beneficial and adverse impacts due to this sub-project. IEE report prepared by incorporating the suggestions of local stakeholders will be presented to NRA for review and approval. The approved report will be made accessible to interested parties and the general public through the information center of MoFALD, NRA, Kalinchok rural municipality and websites of ADB and EEAP.

11. Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) The IEE report has suggested four (4) levels of GRMs to receive and facilitate resolution of affected people’s concerns and grievances regarding project’s environmental and social performances and impacts in a timely and satisfactory manner.

12. Environmental Management Plan Environmental Management Plan (EMP) has been proposed with present report including issues identified, possible effects and impacts, measures for their mitigation, monitoring methods and schedule in Chapter 9. In addition, agencies responsible for executing environmental mitigation measures and monitoring have been identified in the EMP. Different monitoring indicators on the physical, biological, socio-economic and cultural environment have also been identified. The NRA with local bodies will monitor during reconstruction and operation phase. For the environmental monitoring, NR 200,000 has been allocated. The cost for environmental mitigation measures and benefit augmentation is NRs. 14,299,177.06 where NRs. 12,758,697.06 is allocated within civil work cost. This does not include the cost required for implementation of Resettlement Plan (RP) and Gender Equality and Social Inclusion (GESI) Plan.

13. Conclusion Most of the identified and perceived impacts of the project are of low significance compared to the project of this scale. With the set of mitigation measures, most of the identified adverse impacts can be minimised and/or compensated and limited to locality and construction period. Once the measures outlined in the EMP are implemented, there is no risk for residual impacts that may affect the physical, biological, socio-economic and cultural environment of the project area. Hence, it is suitable to implement the project addressing the impacts through the mitigation and enhancement measures suggested by this IEE, considering the nature of the project, its location, and people’s positive perceptions and identified environmental impacts. This IEE study is considered sufficient for this project.

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IEE of Sunkhani-Lamidanda-Kalinchok Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Dolakha

1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background 1. Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project (EEAP) is a project being implemented with the loan financing of ADB, Swiss technical support and counterpart funding from the Government of Nepal (GoN). It aims at accelerating economic and social recovery of the communities through rehabilitation and reconstruction of local infrastructures damaged due to devastating earthquake of 25 April 2015 and the major aftershock of 12 May 2015. The project will support the Government of Nepal (GoN) in its efforts to put thousands of children back into schools, return vital government services to desperate communities, and create jobs and income for families by repairing critical road networks. The Project covers 12 affected districts in eastern, middle and western development region of Nepal namely: Kathmandu, Bhaktapur, Lalitpur, Kavrepalanchowk, Dolakha, Okhaldhunga, Sindhuli, Solukhumbu, Ramechhap, Gorkha, Lamjung and Chitwan. The project will repair, retrofit or rebuild at least 700 schools and 300 district-level government buildings damaged by the earthquake to disaster-resilient standards. The project will also repair and improve about 135 km of strategic roads and about 450 km of rural roads damaged by the earthquake and landslides. The roads will be rebuilt with improved road safety features and designed to withstand future disasters and the impact of climate change.

2. National Reconstruction Authority (NRA) is the legally mandated agency for leading and managing the earthquake recovery and reconstruction in Nepal and is the executing agency (EA) of EEAP. The Central Level Project Implementation Unit (CL-PIU) for rural road component of EEAP is under the Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development (MoFALD).

3. The District Level Project Implementation Unit (DL-PIU) for rehabilitation and reconstruction of Sunkhani-Lamidanda-Kalinchok section (27.373 Km) of Sunkhani-Sangwa Road in Dolakha District is under District Coordination Committee (DCC)/District Technical Office (DTO) Dolakha. This IEE Report has been prepared by DCC (Then District Development Committee, DDC), Dolakha to address the likely environmental and social impact, both beneficial and adverse, due to the proposed rehabilitation and reconstruction of the road.

4. The Terms of Reference (ToR) was prepared and approved before the formulation of Work Procedure Related with Environmental Impact Assessment for Rehabilitation of Earthquake Affected Structures, 2072 (2016) based on Environment Protection Act 1997 and Environment Protection Rule 1997. It was approved by the secretary level decision of the MoFALD on 2072-12-10 (March 23, 2016) right before the mobilization of the design team. The road design parameters were revised in the course and the length and formation width fixed at 27.373 km and 6.25 m respectively. Similarly, the name of the road section was also revised from Sunkhani-Kyanpa to Sunkhani-Lamidanda-Kalinchok with respect to the changed distance and to provide consistency in the name of the subproject in various other reports relating to it. So, there is a discrepancy in the name and design information in the IEE Report, ToR and the public notice. The IEE Report, ToR and the public notice deals with the same road, DRCN No. 22DR004 and the name of the obligatory points are the same. This IEE Report has been prepared based on the final DPR.

IEE of Sunkhani-Lamidanda-Kalinchok Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Dolakha

1.2 Project Implementation Unit/the Proponent 5. DCC Dolakha is the implementing agency at the district level (DL-PIU) and the proponent of the Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) study for the rehabilitation and reconstruction of Sunkhani-Lamidanda-Kalinchok section of Sunkhani-Sangwa Road. The National Reconstruction Authority (NRA) is the concerned authority for the approval of IEE study report.

Address of the Proponent Office of District Coordination Committee, Dolakha Charikot, Dolakha Telephone No. 049-421493 Fax No. 049-421141 Email: [email protected]

1.3 Restructuring at Local Level 6. With the publication of this notice by GoN, old local bodies like VDCs/DDCs are dissolved. A previous VDC has virtually turned into ward(s) of the municipality or ward(s) of Rural Municipality (RM). The restructured bodies have come into force with the publication of notice by MoFALD in Nepal Gazette on 10th March, 2017. MoFALD has circulated local level administrative operation order, 2073 for continuing and managing services at local level until the elected members take over the rural municipality, municipality and district assembly. DDC will be operated in name of District coordination committee (DCC). The duties and responsibilities of DDC will be carried by DCC. Project run by DDC will be run by DCC for this fiscal year. Multi-year project run by DDC, funded by GoN and donor agencies, will be operated as per decision of ministry. This report presents the role and responsibility of institution for implementing environment management plan in a model, before the publication of restructuring notice. The role and responsibility has and further will be automatically transferred to concerned agencies as GoN decision related to restructuring of local level.

7. The project affected then Sunkhani, Lapilang, Lamidanda and Babare VDCs are now restructured as wards of Kalinchok RM (please refer Table 1). Then office of Sunkhani VDC will be the centre of Kalinchok RM for now. Office of then DDC, Dolakha has been acting as office of distict coordination committee. The name of affected then VDCs mentioned in this reports are now wards 2-8 of Kalinchok rural municipality.

Table 1: Restructuring of affected VDCs of Dolakha district VDCs mentioned in report Ward of the VDC Current reformation Babare VDC 1-9 Kalinchok rural municipality-2 Lamidanda VDC 6-9 Kalinchok rural municipality-3 Lamidanda VDC 1-5 Kalinchok rural municipality-4 Lapilang VDC 1-4 Kalinchok rural municipality-5 Lapilang VDC 5-9 Kalinchok rural municipality-6 Sunkhani VDC 4,5,8,9 Kalinchok rural municipality-7 Sunkhani VDC 1,2,3,6,7 Kalinchok rural municipality-8

IEE of Sunkhani-Lamidanda-Kalinchok Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Dolakha

1.4 Consultant Central Implementation Support Consultant (CISC) Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project (EEAP) Ekantakuna, Lalitpur P.O. Box 113 Telephone No: 977-1-5543142/43 Fax No: 977-1-5543144 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.drilpnepal.org

8. AF-Iteco Ltd., Switzerland, the Central Implementation Support Consultants (CISC) of EEAP under NRA has awareded consultancy services to the JV of Gaurav Integrated Development Associates Nepal P. Ltd (GIDA Nepal P. Ltd), NEST P. Ltd. and JAARSA Engineering Consultancy (P) Ltd., Sankhamul, Kathmandu who was responsible for conducting the necessary desk and field study and preparing IEE report on behalf of the proponent adhering with the approved ToR and all the prevalent policies, acts, rules and guidelines.

NEST P. Ltd. Sankhamul-34, Kathmandu Telephone No. 01-4784515 Email: [email protected]

1.5 Objectives of IEE Study 9. The main objective of the IEE study is to identify the environmental impact due to implementation of the sub-project in the area and to suggest a sustainable way out, help decision makers to balance development and protection of human wellbeing and the environment. The specific objectives of the study are to:

 identify the major issues that may arise as a result of proposed works on bio-physical, socioeconomic and cultural environment of the project area,  recommend practical and site specific environmental mitigation and enhancement measures,  prepare and implement environmental monitoring plan for the sub-project,  make sure that IEE is sufficient for the proposed road sub-project, and  provide information on the general environmental setting of Sunkhani–Lamidanda-Kalinchok area as baseline data. 1.6 Rationale for Conducting IEE 10. As prescribed in the Working procedure relating with Environmental Impact Assessment for reconstruction of the earthquake affected structures (First Ammendment), 2073 (2016) promulgated under Act relating to Reconstruction of the Earthquake Affected Structures), 2072 (2015), Schedule 1 (2) (Projects Requiring IEE) under Rule 3, rehabilitation and reconstruction of district, urban and rural roads need to undergo IEE study and the report requires approval from the NRA. This IEE has been conducted following the ToR for IEE

IEE of Sunkhani-Lamidanda-Kalinchok Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Dolakha

approved by MoFALD prior to enactment of aforementioned laws according to Environment Protection Act 1997 and Environment Protection Rules 1997.

11. Preparation of IEE report by concerned DCC and approval of the IEE report by the NRA according to Nepali legal provision is considered sufficient and Nepali legal provisions in essence satisfy ADB's requirements. EEAP subprojects fall under category "B" (categorization is as "A", "B" and ''C'' based on the significance of sub-projects impact and risks on the environment and environmental safeguard considerations) where IEE is mandatory for all sub projects according to Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS), 2009 of ADB. The road section does not fall within the boundary of protected area of any category.

1.7 Study Approach and Methodology for IEE 12. The approach, methodology and procedure followed were according to the objectives of IEE, and the legal requirements guided by Working procedure relating with Environmental Impact Assessment for reconstruction of the earthquake affected structures, 2072 (2016) and amendment, of GoN and the ToR approved by the secretary level decision of the MoFALD on 2072-12-10 (March 23, 2016). Adhering with the ToR, the study included desk study, literature review, and field survey/inspections/observations with measurements, discussions with local communities, stakeholders, concerned agencies, and IEE team judgment. The copy of approved ToR is given in Appendix 1. Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist and Checklist for preliminary climate risk screening were also considered during IEE report preparation as given in Appendix 2.

1.7.1 Study Team 13. The study was carried out by a team of qualified professionals which consisted of the team members as presented in Table 2.

Table 2: Study Team SN Position Name of Member Qualification 1 Team Leader (IEE Expert) Shyam Prasad Adhikari MSc in Env Sc. 2 Biologist Jaya Raj Mishra MSc in Forestry 3 Geologist Basanta Raj Adhikari PhD in Geology 4 Socio-economist Angishwor Shrestha MA Sociology 5 Civil Engineer Sabin Bajracharya BE Civil

1.7.2 Project Area Delineation 14. For the purpose of the IEE study, then VDCs along which the sub-project passes through were included in the project area or the zone of influence (ZoI). ZoI has been categorized into Direct Imapact Area (DIA) and Indirect Impact Area (IIA). Although the area within 10 m on either side of the road from the centerline has been considered as the RoW, DoR and DoLIDAR have been following 100 m on either side form the centerline within the DIA. However, the width of the corridor to be studied depended on the legal requirement plus the predicted extent of impacts.This study follows the common practice, considering the wards through which the alignment passes in the DIA and the geographical boundary of then VDCs (excluding DIA), through with the sub-project is aligned is considered for IIA and has been taken into account for the socio-economic information including impacts/issues 4

IEE of Sunkhani-Lamidanda-Kalinchok Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Dolakha

assessment for the study purpose. This area has been further distinguished into core project area and surrounding area as given in Table 3.

Table 3: Impact Area Delineation Zone Locations Direct Impact Wards (2-8) along which the road alignment passes and settlements thereof Area (DIA) like Bhadaure, Dudhpokhari, Liptun, Pilkhepa, Gujarpa, Godun, Kurathali, Thanmaru, Lakaigau, Lapilang, Gumu, Hilepani, Bojeni, Ghyan, Karmathali, Sinkhu, Babare, Sisneri, Kusawati, Kotisyau and Damba of Kalinchok rural municipaliy (then Sunkhani, Lapilang, Lamidada and Babare VDCs).

Indirect Impact Surrounding wards within the boundary of Kalinchok rural municipaliy (then Area (IIA) Sunkhani, Lapilang, Lamidada and Babare VDCs)

1.7.3 Desk Study and Literature review 15. The study commenced with desk study and review of relevant literatures. The following activities were performed through desk study:

Review of Existing Information: 16. Various existing sources of information were collected and reviewed to determine a frame of reference for the assignment. Such sources of information included existing laws, rules, guidelines and manuals, IEE reports of similar projects, Reference Manual for Environmental and Social Aspects of Integrated Road Development, Environmental Management Guidelines of DoR, APPROACH for the Development of Agricultural and Rural Roads, 1999 of DoLIDAR, etc. Detailed Engineering Survey and design of the Sunkhani- Lamidanda-Kalinchok Road Rehabilitation sub-project were also reviewed to determine the nature and scope of activities of the project. Similarly, pertinent sources of secondary information were identified, collected and reviewed to build acquaintance with the environmental settings of the project area under physical, biological and socio-economic and cultural domains of the environment. These sources included publications of then DDC, then VDCs, District Forest Office (DFO), Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), NGOs, INGOs and other governmental and non-governmental bodies. Data on rainfall and other meteorological conditions were also acquired from secondary sources and authenticated with that obtained from Department of Hydrology and Meteorology (DHM).

Map Reading: 17. Preliminary acquaintance with the general environmental setting of the project area was built by reading maps of different types like topographical maps, geological maps and ecological maps. Similarly, geographical boundary of the Zone of Influence (ZoI) was defined and delineated on the topographical map.

Checklists: 18. Based on the desk study, project specific checklists were prepared for focus group discussion and data collection on physical, biological and socio-economic and cultural baseline data of the project area. These were based on APPROACH manual produced by DoLIDAR. Please refer Appendix 3 for checklist. 5

IEE of Sunkhani-Lamidanda-Kalinchok Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Dolakha

1.7.4 Field Visit, Data Collection and Analysis 19. A multi-disciplinary team comprising of environmental expert, biologist, sociologist and geologist visited the project site from 2073-01-01 B.S. (2016-04-13 A.D.) to 2073-01-11 B.S. (2016-04-23 A.D.) and carried out thorough field investigation through survey, inspection, observation and measurement to collect baseline information on physical, biological and socio-economic and cultural environments and identify possible issues and impacts on these three environmental domains. Various participatory methods like focus group discussion, key informant interview, consultations and interactions were employed to aid collection of relevant information. The collected baseline data were verified by citing standard references and evaluated before accessing impacts on them.

Initial Interaction and Consultation with Stakeholders

20. Prior to conducting the field study, interaction was carried out with the design team and the proponent. Proponent was contacted on the first date of field visit, i.e., 2073-01-01 B.S. (2016-04-13 A.D.). The existing information about socio-economic condition of the people in and around the proposed project site was also collected by interacting with local communities, environment related organization, concerned government and non- government agencies and other local and district level stakeholders. Local stakeholders were informed about sub-project and IEE being undertaken by a public notice published on 2072-12-22 B.S (2016-04-04 A.D.) in “Nepal Samacharpatra”. The detail about the public consultation is presented in separate chapter (Refer Chapter 7) and supporting appendices (Appendices 4 to 7)

Physical Environment

21. Walkthrough survey and field observation were carried out to collect site-specific information about physical environment of the project area.

22. Geological investigation was made to explore the general geology, geomorphology, geological features like discontinuities and possible geologic hazard within the road corridor.

Biological Environment

23. Information on existing flora was documented by reconnaissance survey of the project site and its vicinity and listing of the plants encountered. Most of the plants were identified in the field with the help of standard reference (Polunin and Stainton 1984, Stainton 1972). Botanical nomenclature followed Press et al. (2000). Total enumeration was conducted for trees that need to be felled.

24. Information on mammalian species and their movement was obtained from discussions with the Herders, Rangers, Security personnel, CFUGs etc. Identificcation of mammalian species followed Baral et.al. (2008) and Shrestha T.K. (1997).

25. Information about aquatic fauna and their habitat was collected through discussion with local people. An inventory of avifauna was performed by direct observation method using standard checklists and keys. Birds were observed with the help of binocular and identified using standard key developed by Fleming (1976) and Inskipp (1985).

IEE of Sunkhani-Lamidanda-Kalinchok Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Dolakha

26. Ethno-biological survey comprised collection of representative species during vegetation survey with analysis and recording of local information on their utilities by administering interview/discussion session with relevant local informants, thereby showing them the species in question and illustrated manuals (Martin, 1995; Shrestha, 1985).

27. Documented plants and animals were tallied with relevant references (IUCN Red Data Book, CITES Appendices, Government of Nepal’s list of protected plant and animal) and assigned respective threat and protection statuses.

Socio-Economic and Cultural Environment

28. Socio-economic study was primarly based on secondary information collected from general documents on district and then VDCs and National Population Census, 2011. Additional information on socio-economic environment was obtained through group discussion with communities and key informant survey through checklists and onsite observation.

29. A household survey was carried out in the study area to gather general socio-economic and cultural condition of the study area. During the survey, 525 households were interviewed and these households represented 1700 people. The survey was conducted using a semistructured questionnaire.

30. Regarding the analysis technique, mainly descriptive analysis technique was used. Nonetheless, simple quantitative analysis techniques (eg percentage and average) were used for some environmental components.

1.7.5 Impact Identification, Prediction and Evaluation 31. Based on the project details and field investigation, potential issues related to physical, biological, socio-economic and cultural environment due to the implementation of the project were identified, predicted and evaluated. Issues and concerns were also solicited from concerned agencies and local stakeholders through public notification and public consultation meetings. While identifying and predicting the impacts, due consideration was given to the proposed actions/activities during project construction and post construction (Operation and Management) phase on the existing physical, biological and socio-economic and cultural resources. Both beneficial and potential adverse impacts have been analyzed.

32. The Environmental impacts were evaluated on the basis of guidelines given in the National EIA guidelines 1993 (please refer Table 4), based on the Magnitude, Extent & Duration of the impact and the respective numerical ranking. The criteria for the rating of the impacts in terms of their magnitude, extent, and duration are elaborated below:

Magnitude: This can be low-Lo (minor), medium-M (moderate), and high-H (major), depending on the scale or severity of change. Geographical extent: If the action is confined to the project area, it is referred as site-specific (Ss), if it occurs outside area but close to project area, the extent of impact is local (L), if it occurs far away from the project, it is referred as regional (R). Duration: It can be short term (ST - i.e. less than 3 years), medium term (MT - i.e. 3-20 years), and long term (LT - i.e. more than 20 years).

IEE of Sunkhani-Lamidanda-Kalinchok Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Dolakha

Table 4: Numerical scales as proposed in the National EIA Guidelines Magnitude Score Extent Score Duration Score High/Major 60 Regional 60 Long Term 20 Moderate/Medium 20 Local 20 Medium Term 10 Minor/Low 10 Site-specific 10 Short-Term 05 (Source: National EIA Guidelines, 1993) 33. The cumulative scores on this analysis have been used to decide the significance of the impacts. Following Table 5 depicts the cumulative score of level of significance:

Table 5: Cumulative scores of level of significance Total scores Significance of Impacts Up to 44 Insignificant 45-74 Significant Beyond 74 Very significant

1.7.6 Group Judgment 34. The IEE team worked as a group. Multi-sectoral analysis was done through discussion in the group to identify inter linkages among various environmental issues. The IEE team used group judgment as the basic tool to establish the significance of environmental impact, identification and design of potential mitigation and enhancement measures, and preparing EMP of the project.

1.7.7 Designation of Mitigation Measures and Monitoring Plans 35. Based on the identified impacts, their nature, extent and magnitude, the mitigation and monitoring prescriptions were designed. A realistic approach was applied for the application of the mitigation measures in the local context. Environmental monitoring plan was developed to assess the effectiveness of the mitigation measures and implementation status.

1.7.8 Report Preparation 36. Based on the processed information, IEE report has been prepared with detailed site specific baseline information and alternative analysis. All identified and predicted likely environmental impacts have been included in the report, which also contain environmental management plan (EMP). EMP has focused on realistic mitigation measures, environmental monitoring including implementation responsibilities, staffing, and budget and co-ordination aspects. The report has followed the format mentioned in Schedule-4 under Subsection 1 of Section 12 of the Working procedure relating with Environmental Impact Assessment for reconstruction of the earthquake affected structures, first amendment 2072 (2016). Final report will incorporate the comments of the review committee from NRA.

1.8 Limitations of the IEE Study 37. The study has following limitations:

 Recommendation of detail spoil management plan is suggested, however, it has not been attached as a part of IEE  Since the IEE was carried before the restructuring of local level, the IEE report is in line with old structure’s roles and responsibilities. 8

IEE of Sunkhani-Lamidanda-Kalinchok Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Dolakha

2. REVIEW OF RELEVANT ACTS, RULES, REGULATIONS AND GUIDELINES 38. GoN has adopted various policies, acts, rules, regulations and guidelines to ensure the integration of the development and conservation of environment. The policies and legislative provisions of Nepal that have a direct relevance to proposed project are given in Table 6. These laws and policies provisions have been duly followed in the IEE process and proposed mitigation measures.

Table 6: Review of relevant Acts, Rules, Regulations and Guidelines A Constitution

The Constitution of Nepal: It has guaranteed every person the right to live in a clean environment as a fundamental right. As per the constitution, it is also a matter of State policy to adopt appropriate measures to abolish or mitigate existing or possible adverse environmental impacts on the nature, environment or biological diversity.

B Act and Regulations

Act Relating to Reconstruction of Earthquake Affected Structures, 2072 B.S. (2015 A.D): This act provides for the creation of the NRA for a period of five years (which may be extended) and defines its functions, duties and powers. It has mandated NRA for leading and managing the earthquake recovery and reconstruction in Nepal. It has delegated the NRA the authority to frame rules (Section 30), may make and enforce necessary guidelines or procedures in order to conduct its business (Section 31).

Solid Waste Management Act, 2068 B.S. (2011 A.D.): It outlines the duties of local government to take action to control haphazard waste generation, disposal or collection and has provisions for various punitive measures against those engaged in activities detrimental to the intentions of the Act.

Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 2057 B.S. (2000 A.D.): Engaging children including those who has not attained the age of 14 in risky activities against his/her will by any means is prohibited. In case any enterprise has to engage a child in works, an approval has to be obtained from concerned body.

Local Self Governance Act 2055 B.S. (1999 A.D.): Empowers the local bodies for the conservation of soil, forest and other natural resources and implements environmental conservation activities

Forest Act, 2049 B.S. (1993 A.D.): Requires decision makers to take account of all forest values, including environmental services and biodiversity, not just the production of timber and other commodities.

Water Resources Act, 2049 B.S. (1992 A.D.): It has legal arrangements for determining beneficial uses of water resources, preventing environment and other hazardous effects thereof and also keeping water resources free from pollution. It has clearly mentioned that no one shall pollute water resource by way of using or putting any litter, industrial wastes, poison, chemical or toxicant to the effect that the pollution tolerance limit of the water resource as prescribed.

IEE of Sunkhani-Lamidanda-Kalinchok Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Dolakha

The Labor Act, 2048 B.S. (1992 A.D.): Regulates the working environment, deals with occupational health and safety.

Soil and Watershed Conservation Act (SWCA), 2039 B.S. (1982 A.D.); It empowers GoN to declare any area of Nepal as a conserved watershed area, specifying the borders thereof. The Watershed Conservation Officer (WCO) has the authority to implement protective infrastructure, vegetation program and regulate agricultural practices pertinent to soil and watershed conservation. It empowers WCO to prohibit the commission of any acts that may cause soil-erosion or soil cutting in a land where any of the acts has been done

Public Roads Act, 2031 B.S. (1974 A.D.): Act mandates requirement of permission from the DoR to carry out activities within the limits of the road boundaries and also provision of notifying the DoR by local governmental offices prior to the start of activities in the limits of the public roads.

National Park and Wildlife Conservation Act, 2029 B.S. (1972 A.D.): This act provides protection to 27 species of mammals, 9 species of birds and three species of reptiles.

C International Conventions

Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), 2053 B.S., amended, 2059 B.S. (1973 A.D., amended 1979 A.D.): It regulates international trade in endangered wild flora and fauna with the aim of reducing or eliminating trade in species whose numbers or conditions suggest that further removal from their natural habitat would lead to their extinction. It urges parties not to allow trade in specimen of species included in the CITES Appendices I, II and III with some exception. As the area holds some CITES listed species, this convention is attracted in case of their trade.

Convention on Biological Diversity, 2049 B.S. (1992): It focuses on the conservation of biological diversity, the sustainable use of its components and the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits. It urges parties to introduce appropriate procedures requiring EIA of the proposed projects that are likely to have significant adverse effects on biological diversity.

Convention (No. 169) Concerning Indigenous and Tribal People in Independent Countries, 2046 B.S. (1989A.D): The convention provides right to the indigenous and tribal people to decide their own priorities for the process of development. It mandates participation in formulations of the plan and programs, decision making regarding national development. It safeguards rights of the indigenous people in territories traditionally occupied by them.

D Rules and Regulations

Rules Relating to Reconstruction of Earthquake Affected Structures, 2072 B.S. (2016 A.D): It provides the basis for prioritization of reconstruction. More importantly, it defines functions, duties and rights of the Chief Executive Officer and Secretary of NRA and District Coordination Committee.

Local Self Governance Rules 2056 B.S. (2000 A.D.): It provides procedural guidelines for implementation of the Local Self Governance Act.

IEE of Sunkhani-Lamidanda-Kalinchok Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Dolakha

Forest Rules, 2051 B.S. (1995 A.D.): It elaborates legal measures for the conservation of forests and wildlife and provides procedural guidelines for implementation of the Forest Act. It stipulates that in case the execution of any project having national priority in any forest area causes any loss or harm to any local individual or community, the proponent of the project itself shall bear the amount of compensation to be paid.

E Plans and Policies

National Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Policy, 2072 B.S. (2016 A.D.): It has identified restoration and improvement of access to service and improve environmental resilience as one of its strategic recovery objectives.

Forest Policy, 2071 B.S. (2014 A.D.): Plantation is mandatory for environmental friendly physical infrastructure development along settlement area, road and irrigation canal.

Land Acquisition, Resettlement and Rehabilitation Policy, 2071 B.S (2014 A.D.): This policy has been formulated to strengthen socioeconomic conidition of project affected families with the provision of necessary land acquisition, justifiable compensation, appropriate resettlement and rehabilitation for the public welfare and implementation of infrastructure development projects.

Three Years Interim Plan, 2070/71-2072/73 B.S. (2013/14-2015/16 A.D.): Identified the importance of road sector in promoting national unification, socio-economic development and regional balance contributing to overall development of the country and also in promoting the access to service and facilities. It aims to achieve sustainable, broad-based, inclusive economic growth. The plan also addresses climate change adaptation and mitigation and overall environmental protection.

ADB Safeguard Policy Statement, 2009 A.D.: ADB’s Safeguard Policy Framework consists of three operational policies on the Environment, Indigenous people and Involuntary resettlement. It requires that (i) impacts are identified and assessed early in the project cycle, (ii) plans to avoid, minimize, mitigate or compensate for the potential adverse impacts are developed and implemented and (iii) affected people are informed and consulted during project preparation and implementation.

20 Year Road Plan, 2059 –2079 B.S. (2002-2022 A.D.): With main objectives of development of Strategic Road Networks (SRN), the implementation strategies include all weather road connection to the District Headquarters (DHQ) and provision of road linkages from the DHQ to the adjacent road network of the neighboring districts and countries

Policy Document, Environmental Assessment in the Road Sector of Nepal, 2056 B.S. (2000 A.D.): It proposes to adopt measures to improve the way of life of the affected people and safeguard natural surroundings. In case damage is inevitable environmental assessment should find ways of reducing or compensating for such damage. It suggested five types of environmental assessment activities viz. Screening, IEE, Scoping, EIA and Monitoring.

F Work Procedures, Guidelines and Others

Working procedure relating with Environmental Impact Assessment for reconstruction of the earthquake affected structures, 2016 A.D and First

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Ammendment, 2016 A.D: These provide procedural guidelines for undertaking reconstruction and rehabilitation projects. These include a comprehensive suite of procedures for different activities like environmental impact assessment, land acquisition, and public procurement for reconstruction projects (2072 B.S.) and grievance management (2073 B.S.). It determines the format of IEE and EIA. The first amendment has revised the threshold for projects to undergo IEE or EIA. It prescribes (under Clause 2 of Schedule 1) that upgrading, rehabilitation and reconstruction and new construction of district, urban and rural road should follow IEE study and approval.

ADB Environmental Assessment and Review Framework (EARF), 2015 A.D. for EEAP: It elaborates environmental legal requirements and procedures according to the Government of Nepal and Safeguard Policy Statement, 2009 of ADB and guides the preparation of environmental assessments and environmental management plans.

ADB Resettlement Framework (RF), 2015 A.D. for EEAP: It guides the preparation of resettlement plans by elaborating legal and procedural guidelines according to GoN and ADP SPS.

Batabaran Parichhyan - Resource Booklet - 2070 B.S. (2013): It provides guidance for local body to prepare environmental assessment reports of different projects; construction materials extraction and local roads, on their own.

Environment Friendly Local Governance Framework (EFLG) 2070 B.S (2013 A.D.): This framework is prepared to promote environmental conservation through local institutions to materialize environment friendly local development concept. There are different level of environment friendly indicators like basic, advanced and special indicators at household, tole/settlement, ward, VDC, Municipality and District level. Main objectives of this framework are as follows:  Mainstreaming the environment, climate change, disaster management issues in local development planning process.  Making environment friendly local governance mechanism.  Strengthening basic level to make environment friendly sustainable development.  Promoting coordination and cooperation within environment and development.  Strengthening local organization to enhance local ownership for the sustainable development of environment.

Nepal Rural Road Standard, 2012 A.D.: Sets the classification and geometric design standards for the Local Road Network to be followed by all those involved in the development of the network, including Users, User Committees, VDCs, DDCs, DTOs, DoLIDAR and its development partners.

National Adaptation Program of Action, 2068 B.S. (2010 A.D.): The NAPA has been instrumental in mainstreaming climate change in development planning. The NAPA has developed a framework for adaptation programme, and has identified key adaptation needs, existing adaptation practices and options for developed projects including infrastructure.

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Government of Nepal: Work Procedure for Providing the Forest Land for Other Use, 2063 B.S. (2007 A.D.): Forest area will be provided for the national priority projects only. Provision for the compensatory plantation (with protection for five years) equivalent to the forest area lost from the construction of the road/bridge. If the trees lost have more than 10 cm diameter, then 25 times more new trees will be planted.

Reference Manual for Environmental and Social Aspects of Integrated Road Development, 2060 B.S (2003 A.D): Suggests stepwise process of addressing environmental and social issues alongside the technical, financial and other issues.

Batabaraniya Nirdesika (Nepali), 2057 B.S. (2000 A.D.): Focuses in the practical implementation of small rural infrastructures through the minimization of environmental impacts and outlines simple methods of environmental management in the different phases of the project cycle. More emphasis is given to prevention rather than cure.

APPROACH for the Development of Agricultural and Rural Roads, 2055 B.S. (1999 A.D.): Emphasizes labor based technology and environmental friendly, local resource oriented construction methods to be incorporated actively in rural infrastructure process.

Green Roads in Nepal, Best Practices Report – An Innovative Approach for Rural Infrastructure Development in the Himalayas and Other Mountainous Regions. GIZ, 1999 A.D.: It focuses on participatory, labor based and environment friendly technology with proper alignment selection, mass balancing, proper water management, bioengineering and phased construction.

Environmental Management Guidelines, Geo Environmental and Social Unit, DoR, 2054 B.S. (1997 A.D.): It consists of environmental mitigation measures to be incorporated into DoR projects, procedures for public participation, and socio-economic consideration. The Environmental Mitigation Measures are broken down into 12 categories or activities and a method for implementation is given for each mitigation measures including implementation strategies. These environmental mitigation measures should be used in conjunction with good engineering design, construction and operation practices. It also suggests considering the various socio-economic issues like land acquisition and compensation, economic impacts and cultural heritage.

National Environmental Impact Assessment Guidelines, 2050 B.S. (1993 A.D.): Provides guidance to project proponent on integrating environmental mitigation measures, particularly on the management of quarries, borrow pits and stockpiling of materials, operation of the work camps, earthworks and slope stabilization, location of stone crushing plants etc.

Local body restructuring notice, MoFALD, GON, 2017 A.D: Declaration of the name, number, boundary, ward’s boundary of 744 rural municipality and municipality with 481 rural municipalities, 246 municipalities, 13 sub-metropolitan cities, 4 metropolitan cities and dissolution of VDC/DDC.

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3. PROJECT DESCRIPTION 3.1 Relevancy of the Proposal 39. The proposed rehabilitation and upgrading of Sunkhani-Lamidanda-Kalinchok section of Sunkhani–Sangwa Road will provide easy access to the rural North Western part of Dolakha District to Charikot and other parts of the country. The road serves ward 2-8 of Kalinchok rural municipality (then Sunkhani, Lapilang, Lamidanda and Babare VDCs) of Dolakha District and more than 21 settlements along the road corridor to the rest of the country through road network.

40. While already, very low number of vehicles was plying on the road because of the bad road condition, the road had been further damaged due to devastating earthquake of 25 April 2015 and the major aftershock of 12 May 2015. Transportation of goods and services from the market centers to the rural areas and vice-versa has been difficult, insufficient and costly due to poor geometry, standards and earthen nature of the road. The proposed rehabilitation and upgrading will facilitate the easy access to the rural people of Dolakha District. The enhanced road network will provide access to the rural people to the basic service facilities like health, education and daily economic activities hence improving their living standard. Hence, there is an urgent need of rehabilitating and upgrading this road to facilitate easy accessibility for isolated villages and the moreover, road has attracted DTMP priority No-22DR004.

41. IEE study of the road reconstruction project is necessary in order to assess the environmental consequences of the changes in socio-economic, cultural and bio-physical environment of the project as a result of project implementation and suggest appropriate, practical and site-specific mitigation and enhancement measures for the likely impacts.

3.2 Project Location

42. The proposed Sunkhani–Lamidanda-Kalinchok (DTMP No. - 22DR004) section of Sunkhani–Sangwa Road passes through ward 2-8 of Kalinchok rural municipality (then Sunkhani, Lapilang, Lamidanda and Babare VDCs) of Dolakha District of Nepal. DCC (then DDC) has proposed to upgrade the 27.373 km (CH 0+000 to 27+373) km section of the road. The road section starts from Sisagolai (Bhadaure Bazaar) of Kalinchok rural municipality-7 (then Sunkhani VDC-9, 27o42’25” N Latitude, 86o06’32”E Longitude and elevation 1520 m asl) and ends at Damba of Kalinchok rural municipality-2 (Babare VDC-1, 27o47’35” N Latitude and 86o05’36”E Longitude, elevation 1745 m asl), passing via more than 21 major settlements along the alignment. The major settlements along the road alignment are Sisagolai (Bhadaure), Dudhpokhari, Liptun, Pilkhepa, Gujarpa, Godun, Kurathali, Thanmaru, Lakaigau, Lapilang, Gumu, Hilepani, Bojeni, Ghyan, Karmathali, Sinkhu, Babare, Sisneri, Kusawati, Kotisyau and Damba. The road is earthen with stone soling in some segments. The road connects north-western part of Dolakha district with the district headquarter in Charikot and rest of the country through Araniko Highway through all- weather connectivity.

43. The road alignment is depicted in DTMP Map, Topographical Map and Ecological Map in Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3 respectively.

IEE of Sunkhani-Lamidanda-Kalinchok Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Dolakha

Proposed road

Figure 1: Sunkhani-Lamidanda- Kalinchok Road in DTMP Map of Dolakha District

IEE of Sunkhani-Lamidanda-Kalinchok Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Dolakha

Figure 2: Road Alignment in Topographical Map

IEE of Sunkhani-Lamidanda-Kalinchok Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Dolakha

Figure 3: Road Alignment in Ecological Map

IEE of Sunkhani-Lamidanda-Kalinchok Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Dolakha

3.3 Salient Features of the Project 44. The features of the proposed project are summarized in the table below (Table 7).

Table 7: Salient Features of Sunkhani - Lamidanda - Kalinchok Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-Project Features Description Sunkhani – Lamidanda - Kalinchok section of Sunkhani – Name of the Road Sangwa Road Type of Work Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Road Classification DCRN; 22DR004 Location Region: Central Development Zone: Janakpur District: Dolakha Rural municipality Kalinchok- 2 to 8 Then VDC Then Sunkhani, Lapilang, Lamidanda and Babare VDCs Sisagolai (Bhadaure), Dudhpokhari, Liptun, Pilkhepa, Gujarpa, Godun, Kurathali, Thanmaru, Lakaigau, Lapilang, Major Settlements Gumu, Hilepani, Bojeni, Ghyan, Karmathali, Sinkhu, Babare, Sisneri, Kusawati, Kotisyau and Damba Length 27.373 km Sisagolai/Bhadaure Bazaar, Kalinchok rural municipality-7 Starting Point (then Sunkhani VDC-9 ) Damba Khola, Kalinchok rural municipality-2 (then Babare End Point: VDC-1) Beneficiaries Population in ZOI Households – 2385 and Population – 8671 Geographical feature Terrain Mid-Hills Altitudinal Range 1520 m to 1870 m als. Climate: Sub-tropical to Lower temperate Lesser Himalayan Rocks (Phyllite and Gneiss), Colluvium, Geology: Alluvium and Residual Soil Meteorology: Unevenly Distributed Precipitation Controlled by Monsoon Design Standard Standard NRRS 2055, 2nd Revision December 2014 Existing Surface: Earthen with stone soling at certain segments Proposed Pavement: Gravel, Cobble for grade >7% Geometrics Right Of Way: 10 m on either sides (Center line) Formation Width: 6.25 m (includes 1m drainage & 0.75 m Shoulder) Carriage Way Width: 3.75 m Shoulder Width: 0.75 m on either side Maximum Gradient 12% Minimum Gradient 0.5% Lane Single Package 1 (Ch 0+000 Package 2 (Ch 16+000 Road Packages – – 16+000) 27+373) Pavement Standard Gravel / Cobble for grade >7% Gravel Length 8.805 km 6.475 km

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Features Description Cobble Length 7.195 km 4.898 km Structures (Qty/No.) Drainage Structures Throughout the alignment at hill side, Cascade drain for grade a) Side Drain greater than 7% b) Causeway 6 2 c) Slab Culvert 1 4 d) Pipe Culvert 52 42 e) Irrigation Crossing 12 8 Retaining Structures a) Stone Masonry Wall 13,080.63 cu.m. 9,675.42 cu.m. b) Gabion Retaining and 7,601.53 cu.m. 8,705.49 cu.m. Breast Walls c) Stone Masonry 582.40 cu.m. 582.40 cu.m. Revetment Wall Earth Work Road works  Excavation/Cutting 79,962.21 cu.m. 52,714.85 cu.m.  Embankment/Filling 5,488.24 cu.m. 5,054.96 cu.m. Pavement a) Gravel 6,365.52 cu.m. 4,630.05 cu.m. b) Cobble 2,410.85 cu.m. 1,617.89 cu.m. Civil work cost (NRs) a) Civil Works (Base cost) 207,440,626.71 157,505,597.66 b) 13% VAT (of a) 26,967,281.47 20,475,727.70 c) Sub Total c=a+b 234,407,908.18 177,981,325.36 d) Per Km Cost (including 14,650,494.26 15,649,461.48 VAT) e) Work Charge Staff and 6,223,218.80 4,725,167.93 Small Miscellaneous Expenses @ 3.0% of a f) Physical Contingency 20,744,062.67 15,750,559.77 @10% of a g) Grand Total, 261,375,189.66 198,457,053.06 459,832,242.72 Total Engineering Cost (NRs) Total project cost (NRs) 463,014,652.72 (This cost includes environment management cost, GESI and overstanding RP cost above the engineering cost.) Source: DPR Sunkhani - Lamidanda - Kalinchok Section of Sunkhani-Sangwa Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project

3.4 Components and Activities of the Sub-Project 45. Total length of the road is 27.373 km with 6.25 m formation width. Project components are: construction of structures like roadway, toe wall, retaining wall, breast wall, side drain, pipe culvert, slab culvert, irrigation crossings, etc. Site clearance, earthwork (excavation and filling), bioengineering, spoil disposal management, paving, compensatory plantation, roadside plantation are the activities during the construction of this road sub-project.

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3.5 Project Implementation Schedule 46. Table 8 shows the implementation schedule of Sunkhani- Lamidanda - Kalinchok Road Reconstruction Sub-Project.

Table 8: Sub-Project Implementation Schedule Activity 2016 2017 2018 I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV 1 Detailed survey, design and estimate 2 Preparation of resettlement plan 3 Environmental Assessment and Implementation 3.1 IEE report preparation and approval from NRA and ADB 3.2 Implementation of EMP 3.3 Environmental Monitoring 4 Work Implementation 4.1 Civil construction work

Note: I = (January, February, March), II = (April, May, June), III = (July, August, September), IV = (October, November, December)

3.6 Construction Approach 47. Implementation of road sub-project works shall be carried out by employing a Construction Contractor through National Competitive Bidding. However, the contract package will include the following features:

 Use of equipments and manpower to execute the contract within the stipulated deadline.  Balancing cut and fills and reuse of excavated materials as construction materials, and thus not generating excess spoils as far as possible.  Use of bio-engineering techniques with integrated use of vegetation, small civil engineering structures and proper water management systems for flood protection.

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4. CHAPTER 4: EXISTING ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITION 48. This section deals in brief with the existing environmental setting of the project area with regard to physical, biological, socio-economic and cultural environment and interpretation of the baseline information with view of impact assessment and environmental management.

4.1 Physical Environment 4.1.1 Topography 49. The project area lies in the Mid-hills (Lesser Himalayan) physiographic zones of Nepal. The area has a rugged and rolling topography consisting steep to moderate hills and river valleys (Figure 4). The elevation of the road ranges from 1520 m to 1870 m asl.

Figure 4: Road Alignment in Google Earth Map 4.1.2 Geology and Soil Type 50. Geologically, the study area comprises medium to high grade metamorphic rocks of Lesser Himalayan Sequence of Central Nepal (Upper Tamakoshi Area) mainly phyllites and augen gneisses with bands of schists, carbonates and quartzites (Figure 5). There are no major thrusts along the road alignment. The main central thrust (MCT) lies 15 to 20 km away from the road towards north and east. The dominant rock types along the road alignment are also phyllites, quartzites, schists and gneisses. The common soil types include colluvial, alluvial and residual soils. Distribution and thickness of these soil types depend on the topography.

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Figure 5: Location of Sub-project in Geological Map (Source: Dhital, 2015) 51. The detail topography, geology and overlying soil type along the road alignment based on field observation and measurement is presented in the Table 9.

Table 9: Geology and Soil Type along Road Alignment Section Chainage Elevation Aspect Geology Soil Type (m asl) Bhadaure- 0+000- 1520-1549 East and Gneiss, Residual, Gravel and Godun 6+500 Northeast Schist, Colluvial sand Quartzite, mixed with Phyllite clay Godun- 6+500- 1549-1865 South Phyllite, Collivual, Gravel and

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Section Chainage Elevation Aspect Geology Soil Type (m asl) Gumu 13+500 Quartzite Alluvial sand mixed with clay Gumu- 13+500- 1865-1635 South and Phyllite, Residual, Gravel and Ghyang 18+400 East Quartzite Colluvial sand mixed with clay Ghyang- 18+400- 1635-1745 Northeast Quartzite, Colluvial, Gravel and Damba 27+373 and North Phyllite, Resudual sand Gneiss, mixed with Schist clay Source: Field Survey, 2016

4.1.3 Slope Stability and Erosion 52. The road alignment passes along a hilly terrain of the mid-hills. The stability of slopes along the road corridor depends upon slope angle, the material constituting the slope, rock discontinuities and hydrological conditions. There were few small scale slides before and during the rainy season after the after the April 25 and May 12 earthquake events, some major slides have been triggered affecting the road at Ramche and Dudhpokhari area of Kalinchok rural municipality-6 (then Lapilang VDC-9) at ch 2+150 to 2+170 and ch 4+630 to 4+780 respectively. The main causes for occurring slides are toe cutting. The detail inventory of the landslide with location has been provided in Table 10.

Table 10: Landslides and Erosion Prone Areas along Road Alignment Chainages Locations or Size of Cause of Protection SN From To (Left/Right) Failure Failure Structure Gaganpani, Kalinchok Toe cutting 1 1+950 1+990 rural municipality-7 (then 40 m absent (Post EQ) Sunkhani-9) Ramche, Kalinchok rural Toe cutting 2 2+150 2+170 municipality-6 (then 20 m absent (Post EQ) Lapilang-9) Dudhpokhari, Kalinchok Toe cutting 3 4+630 4+780 rural municipality-6 (then 150 m absent (Post EQ) Lapilang-9) Near Ratopul, Kalinchok 4 7+660 7+690 rural municipality-6 (then 30 m Toe cutting absent Lapilang-7,5) Salleri, Kalinchok rural 5 7+730 7+760 municipality-6 (then 30 m Toe cutting absent Lapilang-5) Kyandandi (Left), Kalinchok rural Rock failure 6 24+300 24+320 20 m absent municipality-2 (then (Slip) Babare-1) Source: Field Survey, 2016 23

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4.1.4 Seismicity of the Project area 53. As we know, the evolution of the great Himalayan arc is the result of collision between the Indian and the Eurasian tectonic plates and as the Himalaya lies in the plate boundary, the region is considered as one of the active seismic zone of the World. Being a part of the Himalaya, Nepal is considered to be an active seismic zone. The existence of tectonic features such as MCT, MBT, HFT and other active regional faults further accelerates the rate of seismic risk. However, the project area is fairly far from such features. In order to determine seismic coefficient, a seismic design code for Nepal has been prepared and Bajrachrya (1994) has divided the whole country into five seismic risk zones (Figure 6). According to the map of Bajracharya (1994), the road sub-project lies in the medium seismic risk zone of Nepal (Figure 6). However, Dolakha District was one of the severely affected districts due to the major Earthquake of 25 April 2015 and the major aftershock of 12 May 2015.

Figure 6: Seismic risk map of Nepal (Bajracharya, 1994) 4.1.5 Climate 54. Climate of the sub-project area is controlled by topographical variation. Considering the elevation, the area has sub-tropical to warm temperate climatic conditions. As reported in the District Profile (2072) based on DHM data of recorded in the nearest meteorological station located in Jiri Municipality (index no. 1103), annual rainfall is 2043.5 mm. Based on the same source, the annual average maximum temperature is 19oC and the annual average minimum temperature is 8oC. The air remains mostly humid with maximum and minimum humidity of 92% and 51% respectively.

4.1.6 Drainage and Hydrology 55. The road alignment passes through more than 30 small to large streams. Most of them are seasonal streams. The major perennial streams along the road are Gumu Khola which lies roughly at Ch. 6+500 and Lapse Khola that lies at Ch 7+350. Both have RCC river crossing structures. All of these streams drain into the Tamakoshi River directly or through its tributaries towards the east. 24

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4.1.7 Land Use 56. The road alignment passes through various settlements, forest and agricultural land. The land use of the road alignment is summarized in Table 11.

Table 11: Landuse along the Road Alignment

Additional Additional Chainage Length Existing Existing Total Type of Land Width Width area Area Area From To (m) (m) (m) (ha) (ha) (ha) Agriculture land (Including 0+000 27+273 19,128 5.25 1 10.0422 1.9128 11.9550 settlement) Forest 0+500 16+100 2,450 5.25 1 1.2863 0.2450 1.5313 Open/Barren 0+000 27+273 5,795 5.25 1 3.0424 0.5795 3.6219 Total 27,373 14.3708 2.7373 17.1081 Source: Field Survey, 2016

4.1.8 Air Quality, Water Quality and Noise Levels 57. There are no permanent environmental monitoring stations in the project area. However, site specific expert assessment indicated that the air quality in the project area was extremely good during the evaluation period. Less than 50 vehicles including trucks, mini- bus, car, jeep, motorcycles, etc run along the road every day. These are the sources of air and noise pollution onwing to the condition of road. During the vehicular movement in the semi-earthen road, fugitive emissions and dust could be high at the local level. There are no other sources of air and noise pollution like major or minor industry. As the road alignment doesnot cross or pass by major stream, the issue of water pollution is irrelevant for this sub-project. And any point source of water pollution is not visible along the river alignment in the project area.

4.2 Biological Environment 58. A major portion of the sub-project alignment passes through cultivation and settlement area. Few shorter segments (totaling 2.45 km at different chaingages) pass along three Community Forest (CF/2.45 km). The road section does not fall under any protected area or buffer zone area.

4.2.1 Vegetation 59. The project area has representation of Sub-tropical Broadleaved Forest, Sub-tropical Pine Forest, Alder Forest and Lower Temperate Mixed-Broad Leaved Forest. The road alignment at Ch 0+500 to 1+600, Ch 1+700 to 2+700 and Ch 15+750 to 16+100 pass through forest area. The entire forests have domination of Chilaune (Schima wallichii) trees. The continuation of Chilaune forest is interrupted by stands of Khote Salla (Pinus roxburghii) and Uttis (Alnus nepalensis) at various places. Similarly, there trees like Bajh (Quercus lanata), Phalat (Quercus lamellosa) and Guras (Rhododendron arboreum) have occasional stands along the road section facing towards the north or rising above 1600 m.

60. The trees reported alongside of the road alignment include Khote Salla (Pinus roxburghii), Uttis (Alnus nepalensis), Angeri (Lyonia ovalifolia), Bajh (Quercus lanata), Chilaune (Schima wallichii), Chuletro (Brassaiopsis hainla), Dudhilo (Ficus nerifolia), Guras

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(Rhododendron arboreum), Jamun (Syzygium cumini), Kafal (Myrica esculenta), Katush (Castanopsis indica), Khanyu (Ficus semicordata), Tanki (Bauhinia purpurea), Lakuri (Fraxinus floribunda), Okhar (Juglans regia), Paiyu (Prunus cerasoides), Gogan (Sauraria nepalensis), Bhalayo (Ricinus cummunis), Kaulo (Persea odoratissima), Jhigane (Eurya acuminata), Khirro (Sapium insigne), Kutmiro (Litsea monopetala), Mauwa (Engelhardtia spicata), Nemaro (Ficus auriculata), Paheli (Litsea salicifolia), Maledo (Macaranga denticulata), Lampate (Duabanga grandiflora), etc.

61. Shrub species include Bilaune (Maesa chisia), Jhadi banmara (Lantana camara), Jhingani (Eurya acuminata), Bansuli (Dichroa febrifuga), Aiselu (Rubus ellipticus, Rubus paniculatus), Clematis sps, Lokta (Daphne bholua), etc. Ground vegetations include Dhursul (Colebrookea oppositifolia), Rudhilo (Pogostemon benghalensis), Banmara (Eupatorium adenophorum), Blumea sps, Bukiphool (Osbeckia sps.), Impatiens sps, Datiwan (Achyranthes aspera), Gandhe (Ageratum conyzoides), Kuro (Bidens pilosa), Titepati (Artemisia sps.), Kuro (Xanthium strumarium), Sisno (Utricia diocia), Amriso (Thysanolaena maxima), Urena lobata, Eubhorbia sps and various other grasses like Imperata cylindrica, Brachiaria sps, Echinochloa sps, Pennisetum sps, Cynodon dactylon, etc.

4.2.2 Domesticated Plants 62. Local people have planted fruit trees like Naspati (Pyrus communis), Suntala (Citrus reticulata), Nibuwa (Citrus limonum), Aaru (Prunus persica), Kagati (Citrus aurantifolia), Amala (Emblica officinalis), Lapsi (Choerospondias axillaris), Kera (Musa paradisiaca), Okhar (Juglans regia) and Gauva (Psidium guajava), etc and fodder trees like Paiyu (Prunus cerasoides), Gogan (Sauraria nepalensis), Nemaro (Ficus auriculata), Bhimal (Grewia optiva), Kimu (Morus alba), Kutmero (Litsea monopetala), Ipil Ipil (Leucaena leucocephala), Dabdabe (Garuga pinnata), etc. Besides, people grow various other crops, vegetables, pulses and fruits for household utilization or selling in the market.

4.2.3 Ethno-botany and NTFPs 63. The biological resources play influential role in the socio-economic condition and life style of local people. Diverse ethnic groups inhabit the project area. They use different biological resources in various ways, like food, medicine and others. People around the project location reported different utilities of the plant resources found in the area, though currently, there is no record of commercial utilization of such resources in then project area (refer Table 12).

Table 12: Medicinal Plants and Local Use SN Scientific Name Common Name Part Used Purpose 1 Achyranthes aspera Datiwan Stem/Root Jaundice 2 Acorus calamus Bojho Rhizome Cough 3 Artemesia dubia Titepati Leaf Cut and Rashes 4 Centella asiatica Ghodtapre Leaf Urinary Disorder 5 Cinnamomum tamala Tejpat/Dalchini Leaf/Bark Spices 6 Cuscuta reflexa Akas Beli Shoot Jaundice 7 Gaultheria fragrantissima Dhasingare Leaf juice Muscle Pain 8 Jatropha curcas Sajiwan Stem Toothache

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SN Scientific Name Common Name Part Used Purpose 9 Myrica esculenta Kafal Bark Fracture 10 Ocimum sanctum Tulsi Leaves Cold, Cough and Fever 11 Rhododendron arboreum Gurans Flower Diarrhea 12 Schima wallichii Chaliune Bark Juice Cut and Wound 13 Smilax ovalifolia Kukur Daino Shoot Stomach Disorder 14 Syzygium cumini Jamun Fruit Diarrhea 15 Utricia diocia Sisno Leaf Vegetable 16 Zanthoxylum armatum Timur Fruit Stomach Pain, Cough and Cold Source: Field Survey, 2016

4.2.4 Rare, Threatened and Protected Plants 64. Among the plant species recorded in the project area Juglans regia is protected by government of Nepal under the Forest Act, 2049 and CITES (Appendix II). This is a planted species and will not be affected by project implementation.

4.2.5 Forest Management Regimes 65. No religious, leasehold and government managed forest were found along the road alignment. The existing forests in along the project alignment were managed by three different community forest user groups (CFUGs)

Community Forest:

66. According to DFO Dolakha, 2015, of the total forest area of Dolakha District (101,500 ha i.e. 47% of the area of the district), 61%, i.e, 61,925 ha has been identified with potential to be handed over to the community as per Forest Development Masterplan, 2046 and as of fiscal year 2071/72, 419 CFUGs (including 44 lying within the Gaurishankar Conservation Area) have been handed over a total of 44,942 ha of forest that has benefitted 44,428 households of the district which represent almost 99% of the households in the district. The road alignment passes through three CFs as described in the Table 13:

Table 13: Community along the Road Alignment Major Existing Additional Total Chainage Name of CF/NF Species area (ha) Area (ha) Area (ha) Jana Ekata, Kalinchok 0+500- Chilaune, RM-7 (then Sunkhani- 0.5775 0.1100 0.6875 1+600 Salla, Uttis 9) Ramche Salleri, Chilaune, 1+700- Kalinchok RM-6 (then Salla, Uttis, 0.5250 0.1000 0.6250 2+700 Lapilang-9) Guras Hilepani, Kalinchok 15+750- Chilaune, RM-4 (then 0.1838 0.0350 0.2188 16+100 Salla, Uttis Lamidanda-4) Total 1.2863 0.2450 1.5313 Source: DFO, 2015/Field Survey, 2016

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67. Local people have planted trees in some patches of their private land or at the edge of the terrace of their agricultural land. They generally plant fruit and fodder trees in their private land. These are not registered as private forest in District Forest Office (DFO). Additionally, people also own forest land as Kharbari which supply them with fodder and fuelwood.

4.2.6 Wildlife 68. A major portion of road alignment lies in agricultural land and settlement area, hence doesnot hold permanent habitat of wildlife. The edges of forest designated as various Community Forests with small segment of the alignment doesnot hold major habitat of wildlife. However, the forests continue to a large tract of forest which harbours common wildlives which sometimes find their way around the road corridor. Common prey species of the area are Muntiacus muntjak (Barking Deer), Naemorhedus goral (Ghoral) and Sus scrofa (Wild Boar). Common carnivores of the project area are Canis aureus (Golden Jackal), Vulpes bengalensis (Brown Fox), Felis chaus (Wild Cat), Martes flavigula (Malsapro) and Panthera pardus (Common Leopard). While animals like Barking Deer, Wild Boar and Golden Jackal are commonly seen in the project area, Common Leopard is an infrequent visitor. Other mammals encountered in the area include primates like Macaca mullata (Rhesus Macaque) and Semnopithecus entellus (Langur) and rodents like Funambulus pennanti (Northern Palm Squirrel), Hystrix indica (Porcupine), Herspestes edwardsii (Grey Mongoose) and various species of bats (Pteropus sps) etc.

69. Lophura leucomelanos (Kaliz), Megalaima virens (Great Barbet), Magalaima asiatica (Blue- thorated Barbet), Corvus splendens (House Crow), Corvus macrorhyncos (Jungle Crow), Columba livia (Rock Pigeon), Passer domesticus (House Sparrow), Milvus migrans (Black Kite), Acridotheres tristis (Common Mayna), Streptopelia orientalis (Oriental Turtle Dove), Seicercus xanthoschistos (Grey-hooded Warbler), Phycnonotus cafer (Red-vented Bulbul), P. leucogenys (Himalayan Bulbul), Urocissa erythrorhyncha (Red-billed Blue Magpie), Halcyon smyrnensis (White-breasted Kingfisher), Copsychus saularis (Oriental Magpie Robin), Lanius schach (Long-tailed Shrike), Rhyacornis fuliginosus (Plumbeous Water Redstart), Dicrurus macrocercus (Black Drongo), Bubulcus ibis (Cattle Egret), Bubo nepalensis (Spot-bellied Eagle Owl), Glaucidium radiatum (Jungle Owlet) and Orthrotomus sp (Wabler) were recorded by direct sighting during the field visit in the area.

70. The common herpeto-fauna reported in the project area were Ptyas mucosus (Common Rat Snake), Amphiesma stolatum (Buff-striped Keel back), Trimeresurus albolabris (White Lipped Pit Viper), Laudakia tuberculata (Himalayan Rock Lizard), Calotes versicolor (Common Garden Lizard), Hemidactylus spp (House Gecko), Scincella sikkimensis (Sikkim skink), Bufo melanonostictus (Asian Toad), Hoplobatrachus rugulosus (Pani Bhyaguta) and Paha (Bufo spp.).

71. Among the streams along the road corridor, Gumu Khola shares fish habitats with the Tamakoshi River for species like Sahar (Tor sps.), Eel (Anguilla bengalensis), Jalkapoor (Ompac bimaculatus), Katle (Acrossocheilus hexagonolepis) and Asla (Schizothoriax sps.). The Tamakoshi River is rich in fish diversity.

4.2.7 Rare, Threatened and Protected Wildlife 72. Among the faunal species recorded in the project location, twelve (12) species including eight mammals, three birds and one reptile were specified different protection statuses.

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Though none of the animals recorded were nationally protected by GoN under National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act, 1973, all of these species were listed in different appendices of CITES. Additionally, two species were listed as Near Threatened (NT) in IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Others were of Low Risk (LR) or Least Concern (LC) or had not been assessed for their threat status (please refer Table 14).

Table 14: Rare, Threatened and Protected Animals Found in Project Area SN Scientific Name Local Name Legal Status Local Local GoN IUCN CITES Status Use 1 Macaca mullata Rato Bandar II Common Pest 2 Nemorheus goral Ghoral NT I Infrequent Meat 3 Panthera pardus Chituwa NT I Rare Pest 4 Semnopithecus Langur LC I Common entellus 5 Canis aureus Syal LC III Common Pest 6 Felis chaus Ban Biralo LC II Rare Pest 7 Herpestes edwardsi Nyauri Musa III Common 8 Vulpes bengalensis Fyauro LC III Rare 9 Milvus migrans Kalo Chil LC II Common 10 Bubo nipalensis Mahakaushik LC II Rare 11 Glaucidium radiatum Dundul LC II Rare 12 Ptyas mucosus Dhaman II Common CITIES Appendices Appendix I: Species threatened with extinction Appendix II: Species not yet threatened, but could become endangered if trade is not controlled Appendix III: Species identified by any party as being subject to regulation in that country and which require international co-operation to control trade IUCN Red List (1995) LR: Low Risk, NT: Near Threatened, LC: Least Concern, VU: Vulnerable, EN: Endangered, CR: Critically Endangered, K: Insufficiently Known

4.3 Socio Economic and Cultural Environment 4.3.1 Population, Household and Settlement 73. District Profile: Dolakha is a mountainous district, situated in Janakpur zone of Central Development Region (CDR). Geographically, the district is located in the latitude of 27º 28’ to 28º 0’N and the longitude of 85º 50’ to 86º 32’ E. The population of the district is 1,86,557 with 87,003 male and 99,554 female populations with 45,688 households as of 2011 census. The share of population is found only 0.70 percent of the total population with a density of 87.05 persons/km2 compared to the national density of 180 persons/ km2 with the average household size 4.08, which is lower than the national average household size of 4.70.

74. According to National Population Census, 2011, the population of then project VDCs (Sunkhani, Lapilang, Lamidanda and Babare VDCs) is 17382 people including 8215 male and 9167 female. The number of households is 4239 with average household size of 4.1 (Please refer Table 15).

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Table 15: Population Profile of Project Area Total HH Total Population Male Female HH Size Dolakha District 45688 187556 87003 99554 4.6 Influenced Rural Municipality and Wards Kalinchok RM-7 and 8 1194 4675 2131 2544 3.9 (former Sunkhani) Kalinchok RM-5 and 6 1206 4942 2383 2559 4.1 (former Lapilang VDC) Kalinchok RM-3 and 4 1045 4232 2063 2169 4.0 (former Lamidanda VDC) Kalinchok RM-2 794 3533 1638 1895 4.4 (former Babare VDC) Total 4239 17382 8215 9167 4.1 Perentage of District 9.28 9.27 9.44 9.21 Source: CBS, 2011

75. The road alignment passes through more than 21 major settlements of ward 2-8 of Kalinchok rural municipality (then Sunkhani, Lapilang, Lamidanda and Babare VDCs) of Dolakha District, namely, Sisa Golai (Bhadaure), Dudhpokhari, Liptun, Pilkhepa, Gujarpa, Godun, Kurathali, Thanmaru, Lakaigau, Lapilang, Gumu, Hilepani, Bojeni, Ghyan, Karmathali, Sinkhu, Babare, Sisneri, Kusawati, Kotisyau and Damba. Around 8671 persons with 4148 male and 4523 female live in 2085 households in the ZoI of the sub-project. The total household size is 4.16. The detail demographic information is provided in the Table 16. Although, the alignment passes through these settlements, all the VDCs on the northwestern part of Dolakha will be benefitted by the sub-project.

Table 16: Settlements and Population along the Road Corridor Population SN Settlement Then VDC HH Caste/Ethnicity Male Female Total 1 Damba Babare 48 90 96 186 Chhetri & Thami 2 Kotisyau Babare 72 136 175 311 Chhetri & Thami 3 Kusawati Babare 45 103 109 212 Chhetri & Thami 4 Sisneri Babare 32 59 76 135 Chhetri & Thami 5 Babare Babare 61 141 140 281 Chhetri & Thami 6 Sinkhu Babare 28 53 63 116 Chhetri & Thami 7 Karmathali Babare 38 90 136 226 Chhetri & Thami 8 Ghyan Lamidada 64 138 141 279 Chhetri & Thami 9 Bojeni Lamidada 113 226 228 454 Chhetri & Thami 10 Hilepani Lamidada 96 205 215 420 Chhetri 11 Gumu Lamidada 94 195 208 403 Chhetri 12 Lapilang Lapilang 122 240 258 498 Thami & Chhetri 13 Lakaigau Lapilang 108 188 231 419 Thami & Chhetri 14 Thanmaru Lapilang 178 374 369 743 Thami & Chhetri 15 Kurathali Lapilang 147 301 287 588 Thami & Chhetri 16 Godun Lapilang 193 431 426 857 Thami & Chhetri 17 Gugarpa Lapilang 107 215 236 451 Thami & Chhetri

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Population SN Settlement Then VDC HH Caste/Ethnicity Male Female Total 18 Pilkhepa Lapilang 92 169 212 381 Thami & Chhetri 19 Liptun Lapilang 146 269 300 569 Thami & Chhetri 20 Dudhpokhari Lapilang 113 196 240 436 Thami & Chhetri 21 Bhadaure Sunkhani 188 329 377 706 Chhetri & Brahman Total 2085 4148 4523 8671 Source: Field Discussion, 2016 4.3.2 Caste and Ethnicity 76. According to National Population Census, 2011, the population of the project area is dominated by Chhetri (45.3%) followed by Thami (29.7%) and Hill-Brahmin (11.7%). Other castes include Newar, Damai/Dholi, Kami, Tamang, Sarki, Majhi, Sherpa, etc. Household survey in the ZoI shows that 61% of the people living in the area are Brahmin/Chhetri while 23.5% are janajati and 8.8% are dalits and remaining 5.9% are others.

77. The area is a home to diverse ethinic or indigeneous communities like Thami, Newar, Tamang, Majhi, Sherpa, Gharti/Bhujel and Magar and occupational casetes like Damai/Dholi, Kami, Sarki, Occupational caste households are distributed in almost all the settlements. They have the lowest status in all sectors, i.e. they lack land resources, livestock, education, sufficient income, access to all services and facilities.

4.3.3 Language 78. Majority of the people of the project area speak Nepali language (70.1%) while another widely spoken language is Thami spoken by a significant population (26.6%) owing to their second dominancy. Remaining people speak other languages like Tamang, Newari, Sherpa, Majhi and others. But almost all can also speak Nepali language.

4.3.4 Literacy and Education 79. Considering the population above 5 years of age, the total literacy of the project area is 63.29% with male literacy rate 72.98% and female literacy rate 54.68%. The literacy of project area is comparable with that of the whole district. Project area has people with all levels of academic achievements. Recently, the district has been decalred completely literate district and District Education Office (DEO) has been implementing informal education programmes to achieve cent percent literacy rate. Local people have realized the importance of education in their life and most of them send their children to school. However, dropout rate of female students is still higher than male students.

4.3.5 Occupation 80. Almost all of the households are involved in agriculture and livestock along with other occupation. However, because of the size of the landholding and hardship related with the geotopographic setting, the agricultural output is insufficient to last whole year; hence they resort to other occupations to fill the deficit. As reported in the District Profile, 2072, a lager number of people are engaged in wage labour (82.5%). Some people (8.7%) are employed in government/non-government organization and some are engaged in business and commerce (6.5%). People are also engaged in foreign employment with most of the youth working abroad.

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4.3.6 Agriculture and Cropping Pattern 81. As known from field discussion with the local people, they grow cereal crops like wheat, maize, millet, rice and buckwheat along with pulses like lentils, soyabeans, beans and vegetables like potato, cabbage, cauliflower, garlic and onion. Rice-Wheat-Fallow and Rice- Wheat-Maize were major cropping pattern of Khet land and Maize/finger millet-fallow and Maize/finger millet-Wheat was major cropping pattern in Bari land in the project area. People have recently started to grow seasonal vegetables. With the upgrading of the road, transportation of these products will become easy.

4.3.7 Livestock 82. Livestock is closely associated with agricultural occupation of the population, hence is an integral part of agriculture for their livelihood. Those who have adopted agriculture as their main occupation, used to hold the livestock as well, as such 96.3 % of the households have held livestock. Majority of the HH have raised local breeds of all kinds of livestock such as cattle, buffaloes, goats, and pigs. Improved breeds of cows and buffaloes were raised by a negligible number of HH.

4.3.8 Land Holding Pattern 83. Land holding pattern within the ZoI (HH surey, 2016) of the road project reveals that majority of the HHs (71%) hold 5-20 ropanis (1 ha = 19.6 ropani) of land. About one fifth (20%) HHs own 1-5 ropanis of land and few HHs (3%) have less than 1 ropani. Very few HHs (0.26%) are landless. Remaining 5.74% has land holding larger than 20 ropanis.

4.3.9 Food Sufficiency 84. According to the household survey, only around 3 % of the families in the ZoI are able to save part of their production while majority have to rely on other resorts to fill up the deficiency. Such resorts include small businesses, wage labour, services and remittance. The data on food suffiency in the settlements along the road alignment shows that 50 % HHs have food sufficient for less than three months, 20 % HHs for 3-6 months, 12 % HHs for 6-9 months and 15 % HHs for 9-12 months.

Table 17: Food Sufficiency of Surveyed HH Food Sufficiency <3 3-6 6-9 9-12 >12 Total months months months months months Percentage 50 20 12 15 3 100 respondents Source: HH Survey, 2016

4.3.10 Migration Pattern 85. Both in-migration and out-migration were reported in project area. According to latest census (CBS, 2011), 870 male and 222 female are absent in project area. The reasons of absentism have been found to be private jobs (65.36%), government jobs (12.93%), education (3.62%) and others. Permanent migration takes place generally to the district headquarter in Charikot and the capital city, Kathmandu. Likewise, from all settlements, people migrate seasonally from Shrawan to Poush mainly in various parts of Nepal like Kathmandu, Dhulikhel, Banepa as well as various parts of India to work as wage labours

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and guards. Going abroad for employment is more common these days among the youths. On an average, at least one individual from each household had gone for foreign employment by the year 2015. The major destinations in order of preference are Middle- East, India and Malaysia

4.3.11 Public Health and Sanitation 86. Health care service is being delivered by three Sub-Health Posts along the road alignment. A community hospital has been established in Singati of then Lamidada VDC. A district level government facility, Jiri Hospital is located at Jiri of Jiri Municipality. Similarly there are four other private hospitals in Charikot of Bhimeshwor Municipality providing general and specialized services. According to the District Health Office (2072), the major health problems of the area are pulmonary obstructions/respiratory tract infection, skin diseases, diarrhea, gastritis, ear infection, helmenthiasis, typhoid and others. The health status of people has improved because of increased awareness towards health and sanitation.

87. Dolakha District has been enforcing prohibition on open defecation by providing technical and financial support for household to build their own toilet. As of 2011, more than 79% of the households had built permanent toilet (CBS, 2011). However, the report of District Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Division (2012) shows some 30.5% are yet to build their own toilet. As understood from conversation with the ward secretaries and Focus Group Discussion held in the project area, the some rural households are yet to build permanent toilet.

4.3.12 Public Service Infrastructures and Facilities 88. Drinking Water Supply: Piped drinking water facilities are available to almost all the settlements in the ZoI. The water supply generally use spring sources located at higher elevations. The water is conveyed by pipes from the sources to the public taps through gravity flow. These taps are located in common places so that each serves a particular number of households. Some houses have managed private connection. CBS, 2011 shows that 83.4% of the families have been relying on tap/piped supply while some 14.5 % have been relying on directly drawn spout or stream water.

89. Education: The project area has various levels of educational institutions and all are managed by community (Government Institutions). There are altogether 40 formal educational institutions including 2 campuses, 6 higher secondary schools, 3 secondary schools, 10 lower secondary schools and 19 primary schools. Additionally, there are 27 child development centers (CDCs), and 2 community learning centers (CLCs). As the road is aligned through the major settlements, most of these institutions are located within its ZoI. The campuses are located in Gumu and Bhirmuni. Each of the settlement has at least a primary level educational institution and a CDC. However, they are fairly far to be affected by the construction activities.

90. Communication: Communication facility has infiltrated to almost all the areas in the project area through mobile services of various types. The cable phones used in the past are losing popularity due to easily accessible mobile network. Radio, FM and Television networks have come within the access of local people. Internet service and printed media is yet to gain popularity in the area.

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91. Electricity and Lighting: Electricity supply has reached to Sisagolai and Katike settlements through national grid line. Other settlements depend upon micro and mini hydropower and solar for domestic lighting. Microhydro plants established in Bhadrawati Khola and Punku Khola of then Lapilang VDC and Sindhare Khola and Kewu Khola of then Babare VDC have been generating a total of 42 KW electricity. However, according to CBS (2011), only 62.2% of the households have been using electicity for lighting house. Remainging households have been relying on conventional fuel (kerosene), solar energy and biogas.

92. Fuel Wood: Fuel wood is still the common source of cooking energy with more than 91% dependent on it. While some people have managed to grow trees in the backyard but still large number of these fuelwood dependent people rely on surrounding forests managed as community forests. However with the growing access, the conventional fuel is losing popularity and people have started catering towards modern fuel like Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG) for cooking purpose.

93. Road and Transportation: All then VDCs of Dolakha District except Khare and Gaurishankar are connected with fair weather road connectivity. The project area is connected with the district headquarter with a gravel road.

94. Irrigation: As per the last Agricultural Census, 2011, only 24.88% of the total agricultural land of Dolakha district has been benefitted by irrigation facility operating on gravity flow.In the project area, irrigation facility is available in most of the settlements through gravity fed canals except in some settlements where irrigation is possible only during rainy season. The reconstruction works need to consider the irrigation canals at various places.

95. Health Care System: Health care service is being delivered by three Sub-Health Posts along the road alignment. A district level government facility, Jiri Hospital is located at Jiri of Jiri Municipality. Similarly there are four other private hospitals in Charikot of Bhimeshwor Municipality providing general and specialized services. People also go to cities, especially Dhulikhel and Kathmandu with more equipped and advanced services in case of complex health problems. People also believe in local faith healers, Dhamis and Jhakris.

96. Market Centers: The road passes through local market centers like Sisagolai (Bhadaure Bazaar), Lapilang, Kartike, Gumu, Bhirmuni, Goldhunga, etc. These centers have shops of daily commodities, garments and restaurants. The major market centers are Jiri, Dolakha and Charikot which are fairly far but but connected with road network.

97. Business and Industries: Different types of business enterprises and industries are involved in production and distribution of various types of goods and services in the project area. They include furniture, electrical/electronics, mills, construction services, guest houses. There are various other types of businesses, especially shop stalls of various types like garments, construction materials, groceries, restaurants, liquors, cosmetics, tailor etc.

98. The area has the potentiality of agrobased industries such as dairy products, juice production, food processing, and broom as well as furniture and bamboo crafts.

99. Financial Institutions: There are 20 saving and credit cooperatives located in 12 major settlements within the ZoI. Major Banks are available in the district headquarter only.

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100. Other Infrastructures: There are 17 water mills used for grinding purpose. Community use structures like ghat (Cremation sites), playground and community centers are found in most of the settlements.

101. Religious and Cultural Sites: Most of the settlements have a religious and cultural site depending on the dominant religion and ethnicity. The religious and cultural site alongside of the road alignment are Devi Than, Mahadev Than, Setidevi Than, Sivalaya, Kalika Bhagawati Temple, Trisalyan Temple, Devithan Temple, Mangal Than, Bhumi Than, Aitabaraha Than, Balambu Sivalaya, Gumasi Bhagawati, Bhubaneshwori Bhagawati, Ganesh Temple, Kamalamai Temple, Jalpashwori Sivalaya Temple, Gagar Mahadev, Naag Than and Mailidevi Temple.

102. However, these temples and religious sites do not fall within the road formation width and are fairly far from the alignment except the Sivalaya at Ch 22+405 which have to be relocated to a distant place for widening the road. From consultation with the local people, it was known that this monument does not have archaeological value and that this has been built in their lifetime as community endeavor. Although, the temple has been established at the place to worship the deity, the replacement of these structures will not affect their religious sentiment so far as they have many other alternatives.

103. Non-Governmental Organization and Activities: A number of NGOs, clubs, mother groups, cooperatives, forest user groups, credit and saving groupds, etc are working in the field of emergency management, water supply, sanitation, disaster, sports, women awareness, capital mobilization, rural livelihood and income generating activities in the project area.

4.3.13 Potential Development Areas 104. All the settlements along the proposed road alignment and its neighbourhood have immense potential of vegetable, fruit and other cash crops (like amriso and cardamom) production. Likewise, the spot at Ch 15+000 can be developed as a Mountain View Point to attract domestic and foreign tourists. The road also serves as an alternative route to reach Kalinchowk Bhagawati Temple, a famous place with Hindu religious significance. Besides, people from all the settlements will be directly benefited through development in agriculture, education, health and food security sector.

4.3.14 Project Affected Families 105. The 16 privately owned parcels of land for which ownership has been identified have been known to be owned by 8 individuals. The identification of the owner and land has been presented in the Appendix 13.

106. Demographic profile: The 8 households have 34 individuals with 15 male and 19 female and average family size of 4.25. All the owners belong to Brahmin/Chhetri group.

107. Occupation: The survey showed that the all of the affected families are engaged in agricultural activity but the harvest is solely for household consumption. The agricultural income included sale of grains and livestock but on situation basis, not a commercial activity. Livestock is the major cash-back agricultural activity of the families. The major source of income among the affected families is not land based but from non-agricultural

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sector. The major sources of income are small business activities like teashop, wage labor, remittances, and pension.

108. Land Holding: Among the affected HHs, 2 had less than 0.5 ha of land, 2 had 0.5-1 ha of land and the rest 5 had more than 1 ha of land. The average land holding of the affected households is 0.975 ha. And this will reduce to 0.676 ha after land acquisition by the subproject. On average, these households will lose 0.299 ha. of their land for the proposed project.

109. Food Sufficiency: Among the 8 households, majority (6) household had food sufficiency for 9-12 months. Remaining two could produce food that could sustain them for 6-9 months only. The food supply during the deficit period is covered through income from non-agricultural sectors which have major income share in the total family economy.

110. Income: The household survey reveals that agriculture is for subsistence purspose only. The average household income of the families from non-agricultural sector is NRs 75,000 and non-agricultural sector is NRs 150,000. The non-agricultural income occupies the maximum (66.67 %) share in the family cash income which remains unaffected by the subproject implementation.

111. General Access to Service Facilities: Entire affected households use tap/piped water for drinking purpose. The water supply uses spring source located at higher elevations. The water is conveyed by pipes from the sources to the public taps through gravity flow. These taps are located in common places so that each serves a particular number of households. Every household has a toilet and the sanitation condition is satisfactory. All the households have electric connection for lighting purpose. They have access to the surrounding forests as their user for fuelwood and fodder. All the houses of the project-affected families are made up of stone, mud and wood. The roof of the house is made of stone or galvanized sheet.

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5. IDENTIFICATION OF IMPACTS AND BENEFIT AUGMENTATION/ MITIGATION MEASURES 113. The impacts are examined on the basis of baseline condition of project area and likely impacts during construction and operation phases. Such impacts have been identified based on site observation, field survey & information obtained from the stakeholders and few were identified from value judgment. The impacts are evaluated in terms of their magnitude, extent and duration.

114. For the impacts, practical mitigation measures (or actions) have been proposed to mitigate the possible environmental and social impacts that may result due to project implementation (construction and operation). The proponent of the project has prime responsibility in carrying out the indicated mitigation measures. Keeping in mind the current political and social situation, several of these require sharing of responsibilities with public authorities and local stakeholders.

115. Adverse and beneficial impacts that are not identified or anticipated at this stage, if latter discovered during the construction and operation stage of the project shall be duly taken care of by the proponent.

5.1 Beneficial Impacts and Augmentation Measures 5.1.1 Beneficial Impacts during Construction Phase Employment Opportunities 116. As derived from the design report, during construction, the project will generate 289,500 persondays of temporary employment opportunities that constitutes 270,500 persondays of unskilled and 18,950 persondays of skilled workers including engineers and technicians, 50 persondays of an operator. People will be required for excavation, spreading, concrete works, gabion weaving, transportation, supervision and management during construction of this project and local people based on their qualification and skill will have additional income opportunities. The district rate for skilled labour, unskilled labour, foreman/operator and heavy driver is NRs 640, 455, 650 and 575 per day respectively. The envisaged impact will be direct, local, short term in nature, having high magnitude and hence will be very significant.

117. No augmentation measure has been suggested for this benefit. However, the contractor will be encouraged to give priority to local and marginalized people including women in construction works as per their skills. Women will be employed in compensatory tree plantation for afforestation and slope protection works through bio-engineering.

Enhancement of Technical Skills 118. Through regular orientation during the course of involvement in the subproject, the workers will be able to develop additional knowledge and skill on building roads and associated structures at climate/disaster resilient standard. These standards are sure to be the part of minimum standard in every development activities to take place in the future. These skills will encourage the locals in getting long term employment opportunities. The envisaged impact will be indirect, local, long term in nature, having medium magnitude and will be significant.

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119. Workers will acquire additional knowledge through training in material handling, occupational safety, general environment, health and social precautionary measures. The workers will be formally and informally oriented about the specific requirements for climate and disaster resilience.

Increased Trade and Business Opportunities 120. During construction period, different types of commercial activities will come into operation in order to meet the demand of construction crew. In general, the enterprises will include food and tea shops, groceries, lodges and restaurants for serving construction crews. The demand for local products such as pulses, milk, meat, vegetables, fruits etc. will rise during the construction period which may provide added impetus for local production and marketing. This will contribute to the local rural economy and may help reduce rural poverty. Such benefits may contribute to enterprise development, which often continues to entrench beyond construction period. The envisaged impact will be indirect, local, short term in nature, having medium magnitude and will be significant.

121. The sub-project will give due priority to the local markets and local products.

5.1.2 Beneficial Impacts during Operation Phase Improved Accessibility and Reduced Travelling/Transportation Time and Cost 122. Reconstruction will improve the road condition and facilitate smooth operation of vehicles all year round reducing the travel time and cost significantly. Good quality of road and structures will give rise to number of public vehicles and competition thereby resulting low transportation cost. Once the road is in smooth operation, people will have cheap and easy access for various goods such as seeds, chemical fertilizer and technology leading to increase in agricultural production and diversification as well as their market. The envisaged impact will be direct, local and the long terms having high magnitude hence will be very significant.

123. Necessary arrangement will be made for regular inspection and maintenance of the road and its accessorial features with the help of other stakeholders. Bioengineering operation will be continued for the sustainability of the road.

Promotion of Agro-enterprise 124. Road access is crucial for socio-economic recovery of the earthquake affected communities. With the smooth operation of the road, a reliable access will be established with the rural villages and people will have cheap and easy access for various goods such as seeds, chemical fertilizer and technology leading to increase in agricultural production and diversification as well as their market. This will promote agro-based (crops and horticulture) and livestock based (dairy and meat) enterprises which have higher prospects in the area. The envisaged impact will be indirect, regional and long term having high magnitude, hence will be very significant.

125. No augmentation measure has been suggested for this benefit.

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Increase in Trade, Commerce and Development of Market centers 126. There is a possibility of increased economic opportunities and significant growth and extension of the minor local markets along the road like in Sisagolai, Lapilang, Gumu, Babare, Lamidada and other places. Number of shops, their business volume and diversity in business type will be accelerated with improved access. The farmers will be more interested to increase agricultural production due to market accessibility. The project will have indirect, long term, local and high benefits.

127. No augmentation measure has been suggested for this benefit.

Access to Public Services and Basic Utilities 128. The upgrading of road will provide unobstructed and reliable access to different basic facilities like education, health, market, etc to the people of northwestern part of Dolakha District through sufficient means of transportation for daily conveyance. People of remote villages of the northwestern part of the district will have easy access to Charikot and Jiri Municipalities and other places for bigger health care facility, so is the case for markets centers. Smooth road will ease the vehicular movement and immediate service of ambulance. The envisaged impact upon education, health and others will be direct, long term, regional, of medium magnitude, hence will be very significant.

129. Timely implementation of the sub-project and regular maintenance of the infrastructure will generate the service in time and sustain the service.

Benefits from Increased Land Value 130. As per the discussion with local people, real estate business is rare and existing land value is variable depending on proximity to existing and planned road. However, upgrading of the road will lead to appreciation of land values particularly along road alignment due to the reliable transportation facilities. The price is expected to be increased by two to three folds depending on proximity to the road. This might be enhanced by increased crop production, business and enterprise development in study area and increased land value also enhances farmer's capability for banking transaction. This in turn will uplift the economic condition of the local people. The envisaged impact will be indirect, local and long term having medium magnitude, hence will be very significant.

131. The local people will be made aware of the fact that high value land is easily acceptable to the banks and microfinance institutions as a guarantee to provide loans. Local people can start their own business by mortgaging their land.

Promotion of Tourism 132. There are some places of touristic importance along the road corridor such as Ch 15+000 with potential of being developed. Moreover, the road can provide the best alternative for religious tourists visiting the famous Kalinchok Bhagawati Temple in then Kalinchok VDC and adventure tourists visiting the Gaurishankar Conservation Area in then Lamabagar VDC (both outside the project area). Increase in tourist flow along the road will bring additional economic opportunity related with services required by national and foreign tourists. Moreover, the indigenous Thami community and their cultures can be another attraction of cultural tourists. The project will have indirect, significant, local and long-term impact. 39

IEE of Sunkhani-Lamidanda-Kalinchok Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Dolakha

133. Awareness raising programs will be conducted in collaboration with concerned stakeholders to support the promotion of tourism activities and preferably home stays. People will be oriented about village tourism with home stay provisions for the tourists especially in the homes of highly marginalized Thami community.

Women Empowerment 134. All the people will be benefited from the reconstruction of the road. However, women may be benefited more from improved access to the market centers and various service providing agencies like health centers, banks, training institutions, women development office etc. Frequency of visit to such agencies will increase awareness level and empower them. The impact will be indirect, significant, local and long-term.

135. Women will be further empowered through awareness and training programs. The awareness programs will be related to health and sanitation and training program will be related to agriculture and livestock raising.

Conservation and Environmental Awareness 136. The major objective of the project is to build back safer infrastructures that are able to withstand future disasters and impacts of climate change. This requires general awareness among the local people about conservation of the local environment. So, imparting conservation awareness to the local people for safeguarding the reconstructed infrastructure will enable them to conserve overall environment.

137. Environmental awareness programmes will be conducted in the project area to aware the local people on value of local natural resources and necessity of conservation of environment.

5.2 Adverse Impacts and Mitigation Measures 5.2.1 Imapcts during Pre-construction Phase and Mitigation Measures 138. The mitigation measures adopted during design or pre-construction phases are preventive in nature with two basic objectives.

 Avoid costly corrective and/or compensatory measures.  Increase awareness among the stakeholders for the environmental management.

Route Selection 139. Since, this is an existing road and proposed for rehabilitation, there is no new route selection rather than designing geometrical improvements (as required) and widening of the road formation to the specified width. Local conditions (structures, switchback, lay-byes, mass balancing and safe disposal site for the excess excavated material, community utilities, slopes, sensitive spots etc) were taken into consideration as to which side widening should take place in order to minimize land acquisition from forest, cultivable lands, settlements and cultural properties.

IEE of Sunkhani-Lamidanda-Kalinchok Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Dolakha

Detail Survey and Design 140. The road design has followed the national rural road standards developed by DoLIDAR. The works will be executed through Contractor selected through National Competitive Bidding. Bio-engineering techniques will be applied for stabilization of slopes, which is sustainable, environmental friendly and can be done by using local resources and manpower. The survey team has selected the least valuable, least agriculturally productive land for the lay-bys and improvement and took care to avoid the demolition of houses. These changes have been designed and incorporated into the subproject detail design. Additionally, all provision proposed in the EMP of IEE document will be properly reflected in the design.

Land and Property Acquisition, Compensation and Resettlement 141. Some private land and property will be acquired for widening of the road to meet the prescribed standard. A total of 1082 parcels of land have been identified during the cadastral survey of the road alignment by the approved Resettlement Plan (Prepared during Rural Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Sector Development Program (RRRSDP)) for deed transfer. Among these, 870 parcels (80.5 %) are already transferred in the name of DDC Charikot. Remaining 212 plots require completing the deed transfer process. However, the deed transfer process is still ongoing which is expected to complete before starting the civil work (Refer the Due Diligence Report of Sunkhani- Lamidanda - Kalinchok Road Subproject (2016) for this). During this IEE study, 25 new land plots have been identified in the beginning section of the road among which 5 belong to the GoN and 16 plots are privately owned by 8 individuals and owner for 4 plots are missing (unidentified). Considering the 20 private plots, a total of 0.34 ha of private land has to be acquired for the road. Similarly, private or public land will be necessary for sitting supporting project features like workers’ camp, stockpile area, warehouse etc.

142. Altogether thirteen (13) private structures, 2 at 4+785, 1 each at 12+940, 25+167, 25+875, 2 at 21+000 and 6 around 23+090 will be damaged for widening the road. Similarly, land will also be required for temporary facilities like construction/labour camps, stockpiling area, warehouse, etc.

143. Mitigation for land and property acquisition includes compensation at prevailing market rate. The following measures will be followed:

 Compensation will be provided to the land owners on prevailing market rate (294.85 per sqm.). The total compensation cost for the land to be acquired based on the rate of Land Revenue Office (LRO) Dolakha is NRs 960,975.00. The time given by the affected household during deed transfer and other purpose will be compensated. The cost of deed transfer assistance and deed transfer fees has been estimated to be 323,800.00. (Refer Appendix 9b)  The private structures that will be affected during reconstruction of the road will be compensated at replacement cost. The individual owners will be provided the cost. The total physical compensation amount of the affected structures is NRs 1,300,000.00.  Compensation will be provided for the standing crop in the affected private plots. The cost to be provided is based on the rate of paddy (since it is the highest value crop) in the local market considering the average productivity as 1.713 kg of rice per square meter and has been estimated to be NRs 288,037.78.

IEE of Sunkhani-Lamidanda-Kalinchok Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Dolakha

 Private land necessary for sitting temporary structures will be hired from interested owner at prevailing market rate.  After completion of the work, the camps and facilities will be dismantled and rehabilitated and returned to the owner. 5.2.2 Adverse Impacts during Construction Phase Socio-economic and Cultural Environment Loss or Degradation of Farm Land and Productivity 144. The sup-project will permanently acquire 1.91 ha of agricultural land and convert it into built-up area. Moreover, spoil on farm land will also affect the production of agricultural crops. It is clear that the loss of crops from the land acquired by the project will have adverse impact on the financial stability of the affected households who are dependent on the agricultural productivity of their land. The impact is expected to be direct, high in magnitude, local in extent and of long term in duration.

145. Compensations have been provided for loss of property (Resettlement Plan have been approved and implemented to address land acquisition and compensation issues). Additionally the following measures will be adopted to reduce the additional impact:

 Plantation of trees along the both sides of road to act as dust and noise barrier,  Support in agriculture extension to increase productivity.

Impact on Social Services and Community Infrastructures 146. A Shivalaya temple at Ch 22+405 and one Chautari (resting place) at Ch 13+060 will be affected during road construction. From consultation with the local people, it was known that these monuments do not have archaeological value and that these have been built or grown in their lifetime as community endeavor. Although, the temple has been established at the place to worship the deity, the replacement of these structures will not affect their religious sentiment so far. Similarly, irrigation canals (kulo) down and across the road alignment may be affected during road construction. These envisaged impacts of the project will be direct, site specific, short term and of high magnitude hence will be very significant.

The following mitigation measures will be adopted:  The proponent will be responsible for reconstruction and rehabilitation of damages due to their activities; any damage to existing road in project location, like formation of ditches, will be controlled and rehabilitated.  The temple and chautari will be relocated to a safer distance after consultation and coordination with local people.  Altogether 20 irrigation crossings have been proposed along the road.  The construction activities will be scheduled during off-season to avoid the impact of disruption of irrigation facilities.

Occupational Health and Safety measures 147. During the construction phase, the construction workforces will be exposed to a number of constructions related health risks and hazards. Fugitive emissions (harmful smoke and gases from vehicles and equipments), noise and physical injury during construction works 42

IEE of Sunkhani-Lamidanda-Kalinchok Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Dolakha

may cause serious health impact. Unsafe drinking water, unhygienic sanitary condition (i.e. lack of the latrine and sanitary facilities) in the construction camp can increase the risk of additional and endemic diseases such as diarrhea, dysentery and cholera. The envisaged impact will be direct, local and short term having high magnitude hence will be very significant.

148. The propoenet will maintain occupational health and safety arrangement and strictly enforce the safety measures.

 Construction workers will be prior informed about job hazards, emergency procedures and any other relevant safety measures.  Personal Protective Equipments (PPE) such as helmets, boots, gloves, safety belts, safety glasses and masks will be provided to the workers working in the construction sites.  Contractor will be made liable to arrange the First Aid Kit Box and standby medicine for workforce during working period and emergency situations.  In case of serious injury and accidents, the injured will be run to the nearest hospital with the necessary diagnosis and treatment facilities.  Warning signs, posts, barriers and guards will be installed to restrict access of unauthorized persons to construction sites.  Only authorized person will be allowed to operate heavy machinery and equipments.  Temporary drinking water supply and latrine pit will be established at site.  Dust control will be done in the construction areas by sprinkling water.  Vehicles and equipments will be maintained in proper condition so that they produce less noise.  Group accidental insurance will be done for the workers.

Prevalence of Communicable Diseases 149. Certain communicable diseases (flu, diarrheal disorder, etc.) might be transmitted by the outside workers. Workers sharing the same camp facility are at higher risk of such diseases. Intimacy between workers and local people may spread diseases like HIV/AIDS and STDs. The envisaged impact will be indirect, regional and long term having medium magnitude, hence will be very significant.

150. Sanitary condition will be maintained in the construction camp by arranging toilets and water supply. Workers will be encouraged to keep their camps clean and tidy. Workers will be informed about STDs and the preventive measures.

Conflict between Locals and Outside Workers 151. Conflict may arise between the local people and outside labours during the project construction. Presence of nonnative people may not be welcomed by the local residents. Additionally, the construction workers may involve in gambling, alcoholism etc and eventually may get into conflict among themselves or with the surrounding people. Similarly, workforce from outside may not be familiar with the local culture of the project area and the disagreement may take the form of argument ultimately creating conflict with local people. The envisaged impact will be direct, local, short term, of low magnitude, hence will be insignificant.

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152. Construction workers from outside the project area will be well-informed about the general norms and values of society. The construction workforce will be instructed to respect local people, especially the female members and observe/follow the local culture and tradition. Workforce will be discouraged to involve in activities like gambling and alcoholism. Local people will be informed about project activities, requirements and time schedules. Local people will be given maximum priority in employment.

Physical Environment Change in Land Use Pattern 153. The existing present land use pattern of the project area will be changed due to the implementation of the sub-project. 1.91 ha of additional private land, 0.58 ha of additional barren land and 0.25 ha of additional forest land (belonging to 3 CFUGs) will be permanently changed to concrete and paved structure. The envisaged impact will be direct, site specific, long term, of high magnitude, hence will be very significant.

154. There will be no mitigation measures for the permanent loss of agricultural, forest land. Private lands have been almost compensated and transferred to the DCC/DLPIU according to the Due Diligence Report of Sunkhani- Lamidanda - Kalinchok Road Subproject (2016). However, following mitigation measures will be adopted to compensate the loss of land into built up area:

 Roadside plantation of trees will be done to increase greenery in the area. During re- vegetation and road-side plantation, local species identified during the survey like Chilaune (Schima wallichii), Bains (Salix sps), Katush (Castanopsis indica), Lakuri (Fraxinus floribunda), Paiyu (Prunus cerasoides), Mauwa (Engelhardtia spicata), etc and other ornamental plants like Siris (Jacaranda mimosifolia), Kaiyo (Grevillea robusta), Kaiyo (Calotropis gigantean), etc will be planted.  Agricultural extension services will be improved to compensate loss of production. Stockpiling, Spoil Disposal and Transportation of Material 155. The major construction materials are suitable materials, cement, sand and aggregate. Stockpiling of the materials will create a major issue in the area as barren public land are already lacking in the area. Hence, some environmental implications are envisaged on air, water and land due to stockpiling and storage of the construction materials.

156. Similarly, as per the design report of the sub-project, about 132,677.06 cu.m of spoil is expected to be generated from cutting and excavation of road and drains. As per the same report, 10,543.20 cu.m of spoil can be used in filling road. Surplus volume needs to be managed properly.

Although, limited quantity of material will be used for construction, and some of the spoil will be used up, there may be some environmental implication of temporary storage of these materials and can be minimized by adopting following measures:  Wherever possible, surplus spoil will be used to fill eroded gullies, quarries and depressed areas etc.  Top soil will be stored and utilized in farm land

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 Remaining excess spoils will be disposed in specified tipping sites in a controlled manner and the tipping sites will be covered by vegetation through bio-engineering techniques after surplus material is tipped.  Spoils will not be disposed on fragile slopes, farmland, marshy land, dense forest areas, natural drainage path, canals and other infrastructures. (Although spoil disposal and tipping areas have been proposed within the boundary of community forests, these areas have very sparse stands of trees.)  After the disposal, the site will be provided with proper drainage, vegetation and adequate protection against erosion.  Necessary toe walls and retaining walls will be provided to protect the disposal of soil.  Material will be stockpiled at fallow land and covered,  Proper drainage will be arranged around the stockpile area,  Stockpiling of the cement and other materials in shaded structures within the construction camp will be made.

157. These are the subject of construction management and no additional budget will be required for this. Appropriate spoil disposal sites have been presented in the Table 18:

Table 18: Recommended Spoil Disposal Sites Chainages Recommended Spoil Disposal Sites ** 1+900 Damai Khoriya, Sunkhani; At the ridge within 500 m of excavation site. Tipping site lies in Ramche Salleri CF (Tipping of Spoil from 2+000) 2+400 At the ridge of the hill within 1 km of excavation site. Tipping site lies in Ramche Salleri CF (Tipping of Spoil from 3+000 to 3+500) 7+300 At the alluvial fan of Lapse Khola (Gumu Lapse Confluence) 8+400 Gumu Khola bank 15+750 Barren hill ridge (Hilepani CF) 24+500 Private land (uncultivated pakha) filling in depression Source: Field Survey, 2016 ** Permission from concerned CFUG needs to be taken before the disposal at CF.

Quarrying and Extraction of the River Bed Material 158. Suitable materials including fill materials, base material and sub-base and pavement material will be required for road construction and most of them can be derived from the excavated materials by crushing and refining. Besides these materials, boulders and river- based aggregates and sand will be required for gravelling road, building retaining walls, RCC culverts, side drains and drain covers and other road features. These materials have to be sourced by quarrying from rocky areas along the road alignment and nearby rivers as listed in the Table 19 below. The potential adverse impacts of quarrying are accelerated erosion, landslides, disturbance in natural drainage patterns, water logging and water pollution. Inappropriate operation of quarry sites and overexploitation can adversely impact to adjoining area as well as the river. The envisaged impact will be direct, short term, site specific, of high magnitude, hence will be very significant.

IEE of Sunkhani-Lamidanda-Kalinchok Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Dolakha

Table 19: Possible Quarry Sites Material Site Distance Gravel Tamakoshi River at Nayapul 25 km blacktopped and 18 km earthen road Sand Tamakoshi River at Nayapul 25 km blacktopped and 18 km earthen road Singati Khola 13 km earthen road Boulder Gumu Khola Ch 7+000 At site of roadway cutting Aggregate Gumu Khola Ch 7+000 Roadway Cutting Source: Field Survey, 2016

159. The following mitigation measures will be adopted to address the issues related to quarrying:

 Sediments derived from the excavation will be used for backfilling.  Coarse aggregates and sand will be obtained from designated and approved quarries and borrow areas that have already taken environmental clearances (if such sites are available).  Unstable sites, erosion prone areas, dense forest areas, settlements and fertile farm land will be avoided for quarry operation.  Stones and boulders will be collected from the environmentally suitable and legally recognized quarry sites.  After the extraction is completed, the quarry site will be rehabilitated to suit the local landscape.  The materials to be transported will be covered by plastic sheets. Arrangements will be made in trippers to arrest water dripping from the materials.

Impact on Air Quality (Air Pollution) 160. Diesel generator, machinery equipments, excavators, dozers and transportation vehicles may introduce the fugitive & combustion emissions into atmosphere. As the project site lies in dry location, dust emission can be expected to be high. Smoke & Dust will also affect the road site, vegetation, local people residing along alignment and workers. The envisaged direct impact due to air pollution will be, site specific and short terms and of medium significance hence will be insignificant.

161. To mitigate the air pollution and its effect the following measures will be carried out:

 Construction equipments and vehicles will be regularly examined and maintained in proper condition.  Water will be sprinkled at major settlements along the road at least two times a day during peak construction.  Construction materials will be properly covered during conveyance.

Impact on Water Quality (Water Pollution) 162. During construction, water bodies may be polluted by spoil and construction wastes, open defecation in natural streams by construction workers. Furthermore, inappropriate

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use, storage & application of chemicals (i.e. fuel, lubricants, oils and other materials) for the construction and construction equipments may cause soil, surface and ground water pollution. These envisaged impacts due to the water pollution will be direct, local and short term in nature and having moderate magnitude, hence will be significant.

163. The impacts can be mitigated by:

 Ensuring safe storage and wise use of chemicals to prevent spillage;  Avoiding the disposal of excavated materials in or near water bodies;  Discouraging open urination and defecation and construction and use of toilets in camp sites.

Noise Pollution 164. During the construction period, operation of machines, excavators, rock breakers, power tiller, roller, transporting vehicles, trucks and other construction equipments will increase the existing noise level causing noise pollution. The envisaged direct impact will be, site specific, short term, local and of medium magnitude hence will be significant.

165. The following mitigation measures will be adopted to minimize the noise pollution:

 Construction equipments will be maintained in proper condition by applying grease and lubricants.  Sound producing equipments will be preferred to use only in day time.  Earplug will be provided to the worker involved in equipment operations.

Impact due to Solid Waste Generation 166. Construction activities will produce solid wastes such as synthetic materials and some forms of inorganic wastes, whereas, domestic activities will produce mainly food wastes and excretory wastes. Improper dumping and management of these wastes can result in unpleasant odors, deterioration of water quality in the river water and groundwater, visual impacts that can cause health related hazards to the local inhabitants. The envisaged impact will be direct, site specific, short term, of high magnitude, hence will be very significant.

167. The solid waste generated from the construction/labor camp will be segregated at source and degradable waste will be used for composting. All the camp wastes and construction wastes will be placed in the designated waste collection pits away from the water path. The separate storage areas will be established for all punctured containers (drums, carboys, flasks etc) and will be processed for selling to scavengers. Similarly, the offsite activities of the workforce that are potential to cause pollution of surface and subsurface waters will be prohibited.

Campsite Management 168. As the sub-project is being executed through constructuion contractor, camps will be required to house construction labour. Sitting of camps may cause encroachment of forest, agriculture land, and alteration of drainage, solid and liquid waste and waste water problems. The construction crew will need services like water supply, electricity, telephone,

IEE of Sunkhani-Lamidanda-Kalinchok Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Dolakha

provision shop, health facilities, fuel, etc. which they will have to utilize from the existing facilities in the area. This may create pressure on the existing common resources; especially water supply, electricity and health service are already limited. Impact will be direct, of medium significance, site specific and for short-term.

 Use of local labours will avoid the chance of campsite management.  In case labours have to be brought from outside, they will be housed in local houses brought in rent instead of camp. If it is indispensable to establish a camp, they will be sited away from productive lands and forest areas.  Respectable compensation will be paid for using private farm or lands for storage or camp. The camp and storage sites will be properly cleaned, reinstated and handedover to the respective owner followed by receiving necessary clearance from the owner.  Toilet, water and other basic facilities will be provided to workers. The contractor will manage the utilities like communication, lighting and cooking energy, drinking water supply etc within the camp so as to avoid the pressure on local services. The responsibility of looking after the amenities of the workers is the responsibility of the contractor.  Labor camp will have room with proper ventilation and natural light, safe drinkable water, mosquito net, sanitary facility, and solid waste management.  Construction material will be properly stored.  Appropriate camp sites have been identified at Ch 6+000, Ch 13+050 and Ch 18+000.

Biological Environment Loss of Forest and Vegetation 169. Site clearance for construction works will affect some trees and the ground vegetation including regeneration on both sides of the road. Altogether 0.2450 ha of additional forest land will be acquired for the sub-project and these forests have been handed over to the three (3) different Community Forest User Groups. Altogether 95 trees (dbh>10cm) of species like Chilaune (Schima wallichii), Khote Salla (Pinus roxburghii) and Uttis (Alnus nepalensis) need to be felled from these 3 Community Forests at Ch 0+500 to 1+600, Ch 1+700 to 2+700 and Ch 15+750 to 16+100. No protected tree needs to be cut by any means for sub-project implementation.

170. Additionally, the construction crews may get to the nearby community for firewood collection and they can also filch valuable floras. The envisaged impact of the proposed construction works on vegetation will be direct or indirect, local, short term, of medium

significance, hence will be significant.

171. The following measures will be adopted to address this impact:

 The contractor will be encouraged to employ local people as construction workers to avoid the possible pressure due to outside workforce.  For construction crews at camp, contractor will provide kerosene or LPG cylinder for cooking and heating for avoiding firewood collection. The respective provisions will be set in contract document.  Similarly, restriction will be put on construction workers to enter into the local forest areas for firewood and NTFP collection and the provision will be enforced as punishable

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offence. They will be made aware about importance of conservation and restricted activities. 172. The following activities will be strictly followed to cut trees from the forest area during road reconstruction:

 Forest clearance approval will be obtained from the MoFSC.  Forest site clearance for construction will be limited to minimum width of road.  No tree or vegetation will be cut unless absolutely necessary.  CFUGs will take the responsibilities of the trees felled from their respective community forest. 173. According to the Government of Nepal (2071/01/12 BS): Standard for Removing Government Trees, 2071 BS , the sub-project has to carry out plantation (with protection for five years) or pay for the plantation and protection cost to the District Forest Office. The trees to be felled from different forests and compensatory plan have summarized in Table 20 and further described in Appendix 8. In total, 95 trees need to be cut down from the three (3) community forests along the road. So, in total 2375 seedlings have to be planted for compensatory plantation with estimated cost of NRs 340,480.00 considering the plantation of each plant as calculated in the table given in Appendix 8a and Appendix 8b. This cost will be provided to CFUGs through DFO in two installments. Location and type of species for the plantation will be selected by the CFUGs/DFO. However, emphasis will be given to local, multiple use, rare, endangered and protected species. The samples of agreement between the proponent, DFO and concerned CFUGs for compensatory plantation with disbursement schedule are presented for individual CF in Appendix 8c and the plantation plan is presented in Appendix 8d.

174. Trees to be felled from private land along the road alignment have been duly compensated according to the Approved Resettlement Plan as mentioned in the Due Diligence Report of Sunkhani- Lamidanda - Kalinchok Road Subproject (2016).

Table 20: No. of Trees to be Felled and Compensation Chainages Name of Number of Major Species to be Compensatory Forest Trees to be Felled Plantation (1:25 ) Felled 0+500- Jana Ekata 43 Pinus roxburghii, Alnus 1075 1+600 CF nepalensis, Schima wallichii 1+700- Ramche 42 Pinus roxburghii, Alnus 1050 2+700 Salleri CF nepalensis, Schima wallichii, Macaranga denticulata 15+750- Hilepani CF 10 Schima wallichii, Alnus 250 16+100 nepalensis 2.45 Km 95 2375 Cost of plantation (with 10% replacement) 340,480.00 Source: Field Survey, 2016

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Hunting and Poaching of Common, Rare, Endangered and Threatened Species of Fauna 175. Though infrequently, animal and birds visit the area. Of the wildlife species reported, 12 are rare and protected (by CITES and IUCN Red List). Visiting birds and animals could be disturbed due to construction activities. Workforce may involve in hunting and poaching activities at nearby community forest during construction. This anticipated impact will be indirect, local, short term, having medium magnitude, hence will be significant.

176. The construction crew will be discouraged to involve in hunting and poaching of wildlife. The construction activity will be managed so as to minimize disturbance to wildlife; speed limit will be enforced for transporting vehicles. The contractor will be encouraged to employ local people as construction workers to avoid the possible pressure due to outside workforce. Similarly, restriction will be put on construction workers from entering into the local forest areas and the provision will be enforced as punishable offense. In addition, restriction will be put on the use of wildlife meat in the construction camps. Hoarding boards will be placed at sensitive sites (Ch 0+400, 1+700 and 15+750 where the road passes along the forest areas) at a cost of NRs 190,000 to aware workers and locals alike on importance of wildlife and conservation.

Construction related disturbance to local wildlife 177. Construction related activities like slope excavation in forest area, presence of large number of human at once and increased frequency of vehicles and equipmets along the road will disturb the wildlife visiting the area specifically along the sections where the road passes along the forest. This anticipated impact will be direct, local, short term, having medium magnitude, hence will be significant.

178. Construction workforce will be discouraged to wander in the forest. The disturbance is unavoidable for the period of construction.

5.2.3 Adverse Impacts during Operation Phase Socio-economic and Cultural Environment Ribbon Settlement along the Project Alignment 179. There is a possibility of gathering of commercial activities and settlements from hinterland to road alignment. There are chances of erecting new and haphazard settlements along the improved road infrastructure to open marketing options and reap the increased trade and business opportunities. This practice could disturb the traffic, increase possibility of accidents, decline the aesthetic value and reduce the overall capacity of road. If such practices are not controlled by enforcing specific legal actions, the envisaged impact will be indirect, site specific, long term, of high magnitude, hence will be very significant.

180. Respective DCC and RM will regulate the possible development along the road access so as to minimize the likely road accident. Road safety signals or signposts will be installed at places.

Biological Aspects Encroachment and Depletion of Forest

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181. The forest resources depletion may occur due to ineffective drainage works, inappropriate spoil disposal and construction practices. The development of market centers may lead to encroachment of forest eventually exerting pressure on forest resources. To meet the increasing needs of the forest products, illegal felling/cutting of poles and trees may occur. Operation of road may increase in timber smuggling due to easy access and easy transportation facilities. The impact will be indirect, moderate, local and long term in nature.

182. These impacts will be mitigated through awareness raising programmes to educate local people and providing support to locals for the conservation of forests.

Physical Environment Slope Stability and Drainage Management 183. The road alignment passes along a hilly terrain of the mid-hills. The existing slides and slumps may be triggered during heavy rainfall situations. Sensitive areas for possible road slope failure are at Ch 0+000 to 0+400, Ch 1+400 to 1+500, Ch 1+950 to 1+990, Ch 2+150 to 2+170, Ch 4+630 to 4+780, Ch 7+660 to 7+690, Ch 7+730 to 7+760 and 24+300 to 24+320). During the rainy season after the April 25 and May 12 earthquake event, large scale slides have been triggered affecting the road at Ramche and Dudhpokhari area of Lapilang-9 (2+150 to 2+170 and 4+630 to 4+780 respectively). The impact will be direct, high, local and long term in nature.

The following mitigation measures will be adopted:  Bio-engineering works will be carried out to control the slides and retain the slopes. For the slides at Ch 2+150 to Ch 2+170 and Ch 4+630 to Ch 4+780, the function of bioengineering measure required are armoring, reinforcing and support the slope. The effective measure is combination of diagonal grass lines plantation with revetment wall. The proper construction of masonry wall with a line of large trees and large bamboo clump planting can stop road failure towards downslope. Palisades are recommended for protection of rill and gullies. It stabilzes the gully floor by forming a strong barrier and trapping materials moving downwards. Eulaliopsis binata (Babiyo), Neyraudia reynaudiana (Dhonde), Arunduell nepalensis (Phurke), Cymbopogon microtheca (Khar) and Thysanolaena maxiama (Amriso) are the most suitable grass species and Erythrina stricta (Phaledo) and Alnus nepalensis (Utis) are some of suitable tree species proposed for plantation. Colquhounia coccinea (Namdiphul), Vitex negundo (Simali), Jatropha curcas (Sajiwan) and Indigofera autrotupurea (Keraukose) are suitable plant species for construction of palisades. Those at Ch 0+000 to 0+400, Ch 1+400 to 1+500, Ch 1+950 to 1+990 can be prevented or stabilized by gabion and masonry toe wall and random grass line plantation. For others, along with gabion and toe walls, plantation of random grass line and trees like Salix sps (Bains), Schima wallichii (Chilaune), Castanopsis indica (Katus), Prunus cerasoides (Paiyu) are suitable.  Rill and gully formations will be regularly monitored and immediately fixed at critical areas.  Repair and maintenance of the slope protection measures and drainage works.  Minor landslide and mass wasting will be immediately cleared and slope restored with appropriate technology (bioengineering).

IEE of Sunkhani-Lamidanda-Kalinchok Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Dolakha

 Soil conservation will be promoted in the RoW and vulnerable areas beyond the road alignment.  CFUGs will be promoted to conserve and manage their CFs property.  Causeways (8) RCC Slab Culverts (5) and Pipe Culverts (94) will be placed to maintain cross drainage at places and allow passage of runoff. All these activities have already been considered in BoQ so no extra cost is allocated.

Impact due to Air, Water and Noise Pollution 184. Increased number of additional vehicles due to availability of easy road access can cause air and noise pollution. The noise of horns from vehicles can cause problem to nearby community. Washing of vehicles in natural streams may cause contamination in drinking water sources. As this road falls under DCRN, the vehicular movement is not expected to be very high, the overall impact of will be direct, low, site specific and long term in nature.

185. Following mitigation measures will be adopted:

 Signboards restricting the use of horns will be erected near health posts, schools and settlements.  Plantation will be done near the settlement around school and health post to act as dust and noise barrier.  Vehicle washing in natural streams will be discouraged.

5.3 Climate Change Impacts 186. Climate change is an inevitable fact which needs to be considered for future planning, construction and maintenance of roads especially in hilly and mountainous areas which are more vulnerable to climate change than the plain areas. According to MoE/NAPA (2010) vulnerability assessment, Dolakha District is ranked very highly vulnerable based on overall vulnerability index. As evident from the preliminary climate screening (Appendix 2b), Sunkhani- Lamidanda - Kalinchok section of Sunkhani-Sangwa road is highly vulnerable to environmental and climate change attributes, such as change in precipitation, higher rainfall intensity causing flood accelerated soil erosion and landslides. The road is already affected by landlsides at Ramche and Dudhpokhari triggered by heavy rainfall after the May 2015 Earthquake.

187. Impacts of climate change on road infrastructure as screeded through Checklist for Preliminary Climate Risk Screening will be as follows:

 Due to the slope stability conditions on roadside at different chainages (chainages stated above), the routing of the project is likely to be affected by extreme weather events like heavy rainfall.  Road drainage could be of inadequate size or very frequently blocked causing damage to the road calling for regular maintenance and cleaning of the drains.  Due to regular humid codition, the movement of heavy vehicles is likely to create potholes on the road calling for regular maintenance and maintenance costs could be considerably higher for the gravel roads.

IEE of Sunkhani-Lamidanda-Kalinchok Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Dolakha

 Climate change could cause an increase in hydro-meteorological extreme events such as storms, landslides, debris flows, that could greatly affect roads in mountain region causing blockages.

188. Following climate change adaptation measures will be considered during the reconstruction and operation of the road:

 Likely local effects of climate change will be assessed through observation and regular monitoring of drainage system, erosion etc.  Adequate and timely maintenance and retention of the slides as soon as they appear.  Awareness raising activities will be conducted about climate change issues and adaptation and mitigation measures.  No tree or vegetation will be removed unless absolutely necessary to reduce deforestation and compensatory plantation will be done to cut carbon per capita emissions.

5.4 Cumulative Impact 189. Cumulative impact is the sum of project impacts and interaction impacts of a single large scale project or multiple projects of similar or different nature. No other major projects have been reported within the ZoI of the Sunkhani- Lamidanda - Kalinchok road section. So the assessment of cumulative impacts considers the impacts due to interaction of impacts of this very project only. The following cumulative impacts may arise due to the reconstruction activities in the surrounding of Sunkhani- Lamidanda - Kalinchok road sub- project in Dolakha district.

5.4.1 Beneficial Impacts 190. The availablitiy of the employment in the neighbourhood will reduce the migration of local people to other parts of the country, as well as to foreign countries for wagebased labour. The amount of money that is earned in wages will directly enhance the operation of various economic activities and enterprise development in a chained manner creating other income generating activities. Similarly, the skill and knowledge acquired during road construction will enhance employment opportunities. Such trained manpower can earn livelihoods from similar project in future.

191. Reconstruction of road will enhance the access of people by reducing travel time and costs as well as quick transportation of goods. Various farm-based enterprises, including a wide range of agricultural and livestock products will also gain momentum as a result of transportation facilities. Vegetables, fruits, cash crops, sale of farm, fruit and livestock products will be increased in almost all the settlements along the road corridor. Similarly, there will be diversification in occupational pattern of local people, who are till now mainly dependent on subsistence farming. This will lessen pressure on local natural resources.

192. Due to an increase in employment opportunities, trade, business and agricultural income, money will be channeled into the local economy. This will increase income level of the individual household and the local community. It is possible that some money may be spent by the individual for community development activities such as education, school, health and sanitation services.

IEE of Sunkhani-Lamidanda-Kalinchok Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Dolakha

5.4.2 Adverse Impacts 193. Fresh cuts also invite landslides and erosion, particularly during monsoon. The common likely problems from inappropriate disposal of spoils are gullying and erosion of spoil tips especially when combined with unmanaged surface water runoff, damage to farm lands and crops as well as property at downhill. The concentrated water from the road outlet causes erosion and landslide eventually affecting the stability of the road.

194. This sub-project passes through community forest. There will be vegetation loss from the forests during construction of the road. Increase in vehicular movement will further affect the movements of wildlife. Total 95 trees need to be cut down from the three community forests. Felling of trees, further change in land use due to potential trading opportunity and increased number of vehicles will lead to high GHGs emission as well as low carbon sequestration. Similarly change in land use might accelerate soil erosion.

195. Loss of private properties, crops and trees from the land acquired by the project will have adverse impact on the financial stability of the affected households. Increased opportunities for trade and commerce along the roadside will attract people to build shops, restaurants, stalls and hotels and may encroach RoW. Movement of vehicles in the road may invite accidents.

IEE of Sunkhani-Lamidanda-Kalinchok Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Dolakha

6. PROJECT ALTERNATIVES 196. The aim of the project is to reconstruct and rehabilitate existing road and revive the transportation network for the promotion of fast and safe connectivity. The following alternatives were considered to achieve the project’s objectives in environment friendly manner:

6.1 No Action Option 197. Sunkhani - Lamidanda - Kalinchok Road already exists and is serving the northwestern part of Dolakha District. For the existing pavement condition and geometry of the road, travelling and transportation has been difficult and time-consuming. More than 50 vehicles pass through the road daily loading the local air with dusts in dry season and muddening the road during the rainy season. If the sub-project is not implemented, the existing condition of the road will persist and so is the hardship of the local people traveling through the road and living by the side of the road, local people will be deprived from mainstream of development through improved access and the direct and indirect benefit that implementation of this proposal would bring. No action option will avoid the possible environmental implications but the hardship people are currently facing outweighs the environmental cost of implementing the sub-project. So, no project option is avoided.

6.2 Project Alternative 198. Road has no other alternatives for local access. The primary objective of the project is to rehabilitate existing rural road and provide easy and all weather connectivity by reconstructing and upgrading the existing infrastructure. As the road already exists but is unable to provide full-fledged service for its poor surface condition and geometry, it is indispensable to maintain and upgrade it to render it serviceable all weather. So the reconstruction and upgrading has no other alternatives.

6.3 Alternative Alignment 199. By nature, it is a rehabilitation and reconstruction sub-project. The road already exists, although in partly damaged condition due to land failure triggered by earthquake, and vehicles plying in most sections limited during fair weather. It aims at improving the condition of existing road by rehabilitating damaged sections, widening and gravelling it. Moreover, the existing alignment does not cross major stream or river and passes through the major settlements of northwestern part of Dolakha. It is also assumed that the existing alignment has been considered the best among all the alternatives considered during design. Therefore, other alternative alignment has not been surveyed at this phase.

6.4 Alternative Design and Construction Approach 200. Alternative design based on lane/formation width was considered. Based on the significance of the road as being an important road connecting major settlements of project area and the projected traffic volume according to existing traffic volume and also considering the Nepal Rural Road Standard (NRRS, 2012), the formation width of 6.25 m was considered.

201. For the exigency of the infrastructure, it will be reconstructed by employing a construction contractor with deployment of necessary equipments for timely delivery of the work. Nonetheless, the contractor will be made to utilize local people as construction workforce and respect the environmental sensitivity of such hilly terrain.

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6.5 Alternative Schedule and Process 202. A construction schedule (i.e. 15 months) has been proposed taking the climatic and drainage condition of the area into consideration. During the rainy season, construction work is stopped to allow the natural compaction of the road. Collection of sand and aggregates from the river bed during dry period will minimize the impacts on river water quality & downstream aquatic ecology and hence the schedule of construction is proposed accordingly.

6.6 Alternative Resources 203. The physical resource requirements include stone for gabions, dry masonry walls and stone pitching. Stones are available in nearby areas of various sections of the road, whereas fine aggregates, sand will be sourced from Tamakhoshi River. The pavement construction, earthwork, construction of simple structures such as side drains, gabion walls, bioengineering works, etc will be carried out manually. The contractor in his discretion will use necessary equipments and human resources for timely delivery of the work.

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7. PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE 204. The local people and stakeholders were involved in the study process through various activities like public consultation, meetings, interactions and discussions. These activities were employed to collect relevant information on various environmental domains and peoples’ issues and concerns on the project. Public participation is essential to ensure the quality, comprehensiveness, effectiveness of IEE as well as to ensure that the public view's are adequately taken into consideration in the decision making process.

7.1 Public Notice 205. According to working procedure relating to Reconstruction of the Earthquake affected structures 2016, 7 days notice had to be published in national daily newspaper. However, 15 days public notice was published on 2072-12-22 B.S (2016-04-04 A.D.) in “Nepal Samacharpatra”, a national level daily newspaper seeking written opinion from concerned then VDCs, DFO, then DDC, schools, health posts and related local organizations; immediately after approval of ToR as per EPA 1997 and EPR 1997 (Appendix 4). Copies of the public notice were affixed in the notice board of then DDC, DTO, then VDCs, Schools, Health posts, Post Office, Public Places etc. and deeds of recognition (Muchulkas) were drawn to confirm the affixation of the notice in the aforementioned locations (Appendix 5). Recommendation letter was obtained from the rural muncipality and attached in the IEE report (Appendix 6).

7.2 Public Consultations 206. The IEE team carried out a series of public consultation meetings with local communities and related stakeholders. The consultation and interactions were focused on the environmental sensitivity and concerns in the area, importance of environmental features located in the area, present status, present problems or difficulties, potential solutions, and consequences that are related in minimizing the possible impacts. A summary of meeting minutes with local people is given in Table 21 and the meeting minutes are in Appendix 7.

Table 21: Summary of the Meeting Minutes during Public Consultations Date Venue and Location Participant Issues and suggestion of meetings Male Female 2073-01-06 Kanpa, 14 1 Management of drainage for B.S. (2016- Kalinchok rural sustainability of road. 04-18 A.D.) municipality -1 (then Protection of existing infrastructures. Kalinchowk VDC-2) Maximum utilization of available local labour and other resources. Construction in environment friendly manner. 2073-01-06 Kutisyau, Kalinchok rural 6 3 Management of drainage. B.S. (2016- municipality -2 (then Respectable compensation for land and 04-18 A.D.) Babare VDC-2) properties. Construction in environment friendly manner. Protection of existing infrastructures. Maximum utilization of available local labour and other resources.

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Date Venue and Location Participant Issues and suggestion of meetings Male Female Maintenance of the bridge at the border of wards 4 and 5 2073-01-07 Karmathali, Kalinchok 12 5 Protection and management of existing B.S. (2016- rural municipality -3 (then sources of water. 04-19 A.D.) Lamidanda VDC-9) Protection and maintenance of existing temples along the road alignment. Maximum utilization of available local resources. Proper valuation of labour unlike as in the past. Equal cutting on both sides of the road or compensation of land if treated differently. 2073-01-07 Chautara at Pahele, 12 1 Equal cutting on both sides. B.S. (2016- Kalinchok rural Arrangement of proper drainage, 04-19 A.D.) municipality -4 (then causeway and protection structures. Lapilang VDC-2) Landslide control measures at vulnerable areas like Ramche, Dudhpokhari, Bajhokhet and Salleri. 2073-01-08 Sisagolai/ 9 3 Maximum utilization of available local B.S. (2016- Bhadaure Bazar, resources. 04-20 A.D.) Kalinchok rural Management and maintenance of foot municipality -7 (then trails linked with the main road. Sunkhani VDC-9) 2073-01-08 Office of DCC( Then 10 0 Sharing of the information and issues B.S. (2016- DDC), Dolakha, related with the Sunkhani- Lamidanda - 04-20 A.D.) Charikot Kalinchok Road Reconstruction Sub- project. (Source: Field survey, 2016)

7.3 Information Disclosure 207. IEE report containing the executive summary in Nepali language, identified impacts, recommended mitigation measures and the EMP will be sent to the Kalinchok rural municipality. Approved IEE report will be made accessible to interested parties and general public through DTO. Moreover, NRA and CLPIU-EEAP will get the copy of final approved IEE report. The e-copy will be available in ADB website also.

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8. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM 208. Four levels of grievance redress mechanism (GRM) have been sought in order to resolve complaints related to sub-projects in timely and satisfactory manner and preferably at the local level through a process of conciliation; and, if that is not possible, to provide clear and transparent procedures for appeal. All affected persons will be informed about their rights, and the detailed grievance redress procedures will be publicized through an effective public information campaign.

8.1 First level of GRM 209. The contractors, and design and supervision consultants on site are the most immediate and accessible and thus responsible party to hear and address the grievances. Prior to construction works, the CL-PIU and DL-PIU will ensure local community meetings are held to notify local residents of the sub-project activities and their possible implications. If any complaints arise, the contractors, consultants, and DL-PIU will immediately resolve the complaint on site if it falls within their scope or jurisdiction. The CL-PIU can also be involved in grievance redress at this stage. The CL-PIU and DL-PIU office phone number will be posted in public areas within the sub-project areas and construction sites. Any person with a grievance related to the sub-project can contact the project to file a complaint. The DL-PIU offices will have a safeguards focal person to resolve complaints. The safeguards focal person will document the complaint, and immediately address and resolve the issue with the contractor within 1-2 days, if the complaint remains unresolved at the field level. The DL-PIU may seek assistance of the consultant safeguards specialists (the environmental specialist or social safeguards specialist) to resolve the issue. The DL-PIU safeguards focal person will notify the CL-PIU safeguards focal person about the receipt of the complaint, and whether it was resolved. The DL-PIU safeguards focal person will document the following information: (i) name of the person; (ii) date complaint was received; (iii) nature of complaint; (iv) location, and (v) how the complaint was resolved.

8.2 Second level of GRM 210. If the grievance remains unresolved, the DL-PIU will forward the complaint to the CL- PIU safeguards focal person notifying the person filing the grievance. The CL-PIU will address the grievance through continuous interactions with affected persons. Corrective measures will be undertaken at the field level by the CL-PIU safeguards focal person within 7 days. He/she will document the following information: (i) name of the person; (ii) date complaint was received; (iii) nature of complaint; (iv) location and (v) how the complaint was resolved.

8.3 Third level of GRM 211. Third level of GRM involves a Grievance Redress Committee (GRC) to address the complaints that could not be resolved by the CL-PIU. It is constituted by the EA and will, based on review of the grievances, address them in consultation with the NRA, CL-PIU, DL- PIU, and affected persons. The GRC will consist of at least five members including NRA leadership, affected persons, and stakeholder representative and others nominated to provide impartial, balanced views on any issues. A hearing will be called at the GRC, if necessary, where the affected person can present his/her concern and issues. The process will promote conflict resolution through mediation. The GRC will meet as necessary when there are grievances to be addressed. The GRC will suggest corrective measures at the field level and assign clear responsibilities for implementing its decision within 15 days. The

59 IEE of Sunkhani-Lamidanda-Kalinchok Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Dolakha

functions of the GRC are: (i) to provide support to affected persons on problems arising from environmental or social disruption, asset acquisition (where required), and eligibility for entitlements, compensation, and assistance; (ii) to record grievances of affected persons, categorize and prioritize them, and provide solutions within 15 days; and (iii) to report to the aggrieved parties developments regarding their grievances and decisions of the GRC. The safeguards focal person will be responsible for processing and placing all papers before the GRC, recording decisions, issuing minutes of the meetings, and taking follow-up action to see that formal orders are issued and the decisions carried out.

8.4 Fourth level of GRM 212. If the grievance is not addressed by all the above mechanisms, the affected person can seek legal redress in the formal legal court system. The GRM however does not prevent affected persons from seeking legal redress at any time. The grievance redress mechanism and procedure is depicted in Figure 7.

1st Level Grievances Contractor, 1-2 days Grievances DL-PIU Redressed

Not Redressed

2nd Level Grievances CL-PIU 7days Grievances Redressed

Not Redressed

3rd Level Grievances GRC 15 days Grievances

Redressed

Not Redressed

th 4 Level Grievances Higher Authority/Court of Law

Figure 7: Grievance Redress Mechanism as Per EARF of EEAP 8.5 Procedure for Grievances Handling as Per National Law 213. The Working Procedure for Management of Grievance related to Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, 2016 framed under the Reconstruction of Earthquake Affected Structures Act, 2015 has defined four mechanisms for grievance management which are listed below in order of ascending hierarchy:

a) Local (RM/Municipality/ Ward) Level Grievance Redress Committee coordinated by the head of the adminsistrative unit. b) District Level (District Administration Office (DAO)/DCC) Level Grievance Redress Committee headed or coordinated by Chief District Officer (CDO).

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c) Sub-regional Office of NRA d) NRA coordinated by the committee member deployed by Executive Committee. 214. Complaints or greivances are received at the local level grievance redress committee which will record and categorize them according to their subject. The grievances that cannot be redressed by the local level committee are passed on to district level committee within 15 days of receipt and so on. The sub-regional office is also mandated to coordinate and facilitate in redress of grievance at local and district level. The working procedure provides detailed guideline for receiving and addressing grievances related to construction of private residence only. Although it mentions about other grievances related to rehabilitation and reconstruction of other infrastructures and economic and social recovery, it is silent about the detail procedure of handling such grievances. Nonetheless, these mechanisms can be used to redress grievances related with reconstruction and rehabilation activites.

215. The working procedure related to land acquisition for earthquake affected structures, 2016 has provisions related receiving and addressing complaints related to land acquired for rehabilitation and reconstruction of infrastructures. The details about the land allowed for acquisition shall be published in a national or local daily newspaper to solicit grievance from the respective owner. The affected party can lodge a complaint with reasons at the executive committee within 15 days. The executive committee will conduct necessary investigations and address the complaint within 10 days of receipt of the complaint and notify the affected party and program head. As per the procedure, complaints can be lodged regarding dissatisfaction on the compensation fixed for the land to be acquired. The complaint will to be addressed by the executive committee within 7 days of receipt.

1st Level Grievances Local Level Grievances GRC Redressed Not Redressed

2nd Level Grievances District Level Grievances

GRC Redressed Not Redressed

rd 3 Level Grievances Sub-Regional Grievances NRA Office Redressed

Not Redressed

4th Level Grievances NRA/Central Office

Figure 8: Grievance Redress Mechanism in National Law

9. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 216. The environmental management plan (EMP) is prepared to guide the implementation of mitigation measures and monitoring requirements. It includes institutions and their roles,

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environmental management activities, environmental management organizational structure and budget for mitigation measures.

9.1 Institutions and their Roles 217. Different institutions involved in the IEEs and EMP implementation and their roles are described in the Table 22:

Table 22: Institutional Roles and Responsibilities Institution Roles Responsibility on the Project National It is the legally mandated to lead As Project EA of EEAP, manages Reconstruction and manage earthquake recovery overall project implementation and Authority (NRA) and reconstruction in Nepal. NRA monitoring, reviews and approves ToR provides strategic guidance to and IEE Report and conduct the identify and address the priorities environmental monitoring from the for recovery and reconstruction. It central level. is authorized to frame rules and working procedures to implement recovery and reconstruction programs. Ministry of Representation in IEE review team Co-ordination of project activities Federal Affairs constituted by NRA with EEAP, implementing agency and Local Coordination with NRA, ADB/SDC Development at central level CLPIU and DLPIU (MoFALD)

CLPIU - EEAP Co-ordination of project activities Technical Unit to support and from center coordinate all activities for implementation of EEAP. Review, comment and forward ToR for IEE and IEE report to ADB for concurrence and to NRA for approval. Central Supporting consultants at central Technical and management support to Implementation level. AF-Iteco Ltd., Switzerland, on CLPIU-EEAP Support behalf of Swiss Agency for Supervises and monitors project Consultant Development and Cooperation consultants and contractors. (CISC) (SDC)’s technical assistance has Implements and monitor IEEs for the been providing technical supports relevant subprojects and prepares through the DRILP-III for the consolidated reports on these. implementation of EEAP. Ensures timely and effective implementation of the activities set out in the Gender Equality and Social Inclusion (GESI) Action Plan and RP. District DCC is project implementing Prepare ToR for IEE and submit for coordination agency in district (District Level approval to NRA through CLPIU- Committee Project Implementation Unit/DL- EEAP. (DCC) PIU) Conduct IEE study, public consultation and prepare IEE report and submit for approval from NRA. Implement IEE and EMP of subprojects and conduct environmental monitoring and reporting. District Project implementation office Responsible for overall activities Technical Office working directly under DCC (DL- related to implementation of the works (DTO) PIU) at field level.

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Institution Roles Responsibility on the Project Safeguard Desk Safeguard desk will be the focus of Responsible for supervising, (Safeguard all safeguard related issues coordinating, networking, monitoring expert has been and reporting environmental safeguard provisioned in compliances. The desk will conduct PAM) regular monitoring of EMP compliance and record them. Grievance Support in addressing grievances Responsible for addressing grievances Redress caused due to road construction due to road construction which affects Committee related to environment their livelihood. Contractors Road construction work Reconstruction of road and implementation of contractor’s part of environmental responsibility. 218. Framework of environmental management for the proposed activity is depicted in the Figure 9.

National Reconstruction Authority (NRA) ADB and SDC

Earthquake Emergency Community Assistance Project (EEAP) Infrastructure Division

CL-PIU/MoFALD Environment Safeguard Unit, CISC

DL-PIU/DCC/DTO DISC DFO/CFUG

Contractor

Figure 9: Environment Management Organization Structure

9.2 Reporting and Documentation 219. Work Procedure for Environmental Impact Assessment for Reconstruction of Earthquake Affected Structures, 2072 B.S. (2016 A.D.) entitles the monitoring responsibilities to the NRA.

220. DL-PIU/DISC will prepare and submit monthly monitoring and implementation reports to the CL-PIU/CISC, who will take follow-up actions if necessary. CL-PIU/CISC will prepare

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and submit quarterly and semi-annual monitoring and implementation reports to the NRA and ADB. Appendix 11 provides a content outline for monitoring reports.

221. Contract document will categorically include provision of the environmental protection, health and safety, waste management and other environmental mitigation measures identified during the IEE study. It will spell out clearly the measures that will be taken in case on non compliance. This will make them comply with the provisions.

222. The monthly reports will be based on recurrent site inspections and will report on the effectiveness of the mitigation measures;

 The Contractor's compliance with the environmental specifications;  Measures recommended in the events of non-compliance and  Recommendations for any other remedial actions, etc

9.3 Implementation of the Mitigation Measures 223. The proponent will be responsible for the implementation of the mitigation measures proposed in Chapter 5. The detail action plan for activities to be carried out to augment beneficial impacts and reduce/mitigate adverse impact produced from the implementation of the proposal, and the responsible implementing and supporting agencies are provided in environmental management plan is presented in Table 23 and Table 24.

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Table 23: Summary of the Beneficial Impacts and Enhancement Measures

Activity Issues Related beneficial Type of Beneficial augmentation measures Responsible agencies

impacts impact

Executing Supporting

agencies agencies Significance Impact Extent Duration Magnitude Construction Phase Constructio Employmen Employment generation D L ST H Vs No augmentation. Contractor/ CL-PIU/ n of road t and Increase in income 20 05 60 85 The contractor will be encouraged to give priority to local and DL-PIU DISC/ CISC and opportunitie level marginalized people including women in construction works. opportuniti s es Enhanceme Increase in income IN L LT M S The workers will be formally and informally oriented about the Contractor/ CL-PIU/ nt of generating activities and 20 20 20 60 specific requirements for climate and disaster resilience. DL-PIU DISC/ CISC technical employment skill opportunities Increased Increase in income level IN L ST M S Priority to local markets and local products Contractor/ CL-PIU/ trade and of non-worker 20 05 20 45 DL-PIU DISC/ CISC business opportunitie s Operation stage Operation Improved Safe travel, Improve D L LT H Vs Regular inspection and maintenance RM DCC of road accessibility accessibility, saving of 20 20 60 10 Allocation of budget for regular inspection and maintenance of travel time and cost 0 the road. Women Empowering women in IN L LT H Vs Preparation and implementation of GESI Action Plan RM/ DCC empowerme road maintenance and 20 20 60 10 Assist to organize women groups, provide training in social /NGOs/ nt othe farm and of farm 0 mobilization. Community activities Conservatio Conservation of overall IN L LT H Vs Environmental awareness programmes RM/ DCC n and environment 20 20 60 10 /NGOs/ environment 0 Community al awareness Benefit of Appreciation of land IN L LT Mo S RoW encroached will be observed along with awareness to RM/ DCC increased value and local benefit 20 20 20 60 local /NGOs/ land value by improvement of local Promotion of land development and land use planning along the Community economy road corridor and other local areas

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Table 24: Summary of Adverse Impact Prediction and Mitigation Measures Activity Issues Related adverse Type of Mitigation measures Responsible agencies Impacts impacts

Executing Monitoring agencies agencies

Significance Impact nature Extent Duration Magnitude Pre- construction Project Process Inappropriate alignment, D L ST H Vs The road design will follow the standard methods. DCC DL-PIU/ CL- Planning and quarry sites and burrow 20 5 60 85 All provision proposed in the EMP of IEE document will be PIU/ NRA and design reliability of pits etc., encroachment properly reflected in the design. detail of sensitive area survey and design Land and Loss of land Change of existing land D Ss LT M S Appropriate compensation to the land and property title holder DCC DL-PIU/ CL- the Property and private to the permanent 10 20 o 50 After dismantling the construction camp and other facilities, PIU/ NRA Acquisition properties structure and difficulties 20 original land will be rehabilitated. in livelihood Construction Phase Socio-economic and Cultural Environmental Impacts Construction Impact on Pressure on social D Ss ST H Vs Provision of basic utilities within camp perimeter Contractor/ DL-PIU/ of road the social service facilities like 10 10 60 80 Building consensus with local people for using community DL-PIU CL-PIU/ services water supply, infrastructures and resources NRA and Relocation of temple Any damage to existing road in project location like formation of community and chautaris. Damage ditches shall be controlled and rehabilitated. infrastructur of irrigation canals Crossings will be provisioned for irrigation canals and e rehabilitation will be done in case of damage. Temple and chautari will be relocated to a safer distance. Construction Occupation Exposure of D L ST H Vs Safety arrangements like provision of First Aid Kit Box and Contractor/ DL-PIU/ force and Health and construction workforce 20 05 60 85 standby medicine for workforce during working period and DL-PIU CL-PIU/ occupational Safety to related health risks emergency. NRA safety measures and hazards due to Provision of helmet, boots, globe, mask and safety belts etc. operation of machines & Provision of temporary drinking water and toilets in the construction work, construction camps. improper sanitation etc. Maintenance of condition of vehicles and equipments. Construction Communica Impact on health of ID R LT M Vs Regular health check-up in the construction camp. Contractor/ DL-PIU/

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Activity Issues Related adverse Type of Mitigation measures Responsible agencies Impacts impacts

Executing Monitoring agencies agencies

Significance Impact nature Extent Duration Magnitude force and ble locals and construction 60 20 o 10 Awareness using pamphlets boards and browsers. DL-PIU CL-PIU/ communicab diseases workers due to 20 0 Encouragement to keep the camp clean and tidy. NRA le diseases proximity to infected person, Sexual contacts and proliferation of HIV/AIDs and STDs Operation of Conflict Conflict during work due D L ST Lo In Informing worker about general norms and values of local Contractor/ DL-PIU/ construction between to distinct thought and 20 05 10 35 community; instructing them to respect local culture and DL-PIU CL-PIU/ camp locals and cultural perception; tradition with humility. NRA outside alcoholism and Job opportunities to local people will be maximized. workers gambling. Discouraging gambling and alcoholism.

Construction Gender Discrimination in D L ST M S Enforcement of non-discriminatory policy Contractor/ DL-PIU/ activity, discriminati wage/salary distribution 20 05 o 45 Positive discrimination, empowerment and social mobilization; DL-PIU CL-PIU/ wage and on 20 related trainings/programs NRA female participation Physical Environmental Impacts Construction Change in Present land structure D Ss LT H Vs Roadside plantation of trees will be done to increase greenery Contractor/ DL-PIU/ activity Land Use will permanently change 10 20 60 90 in the area. During re-vegetation and road-side plantation, local DL-PIU CL-PIU/ Pattern species identified during the survey like Chilaune, Bains, NRA Katush, Lakuri, Paiyu, Mauwa, etc and other ornamental plants like Siris, Kaiyo Phul etc will be planted. Quarry of Sediment Impacts on the river and D Ss ST Lo In Proper drainage arrangement in stockpile area; Contractor/ DL-PIU/ construction load in river its biota by enhanced 10 05 10 35 Immediate clearance of the river path in case of blockade; DL-PIU CL-PIU/ aggregates water soil erosion Minimal cut and fill approach NRA Excavation Stock piling, Impact on the local D Ss ST M In Material will be stockpiled at fallow land and will be covered. Contractor/ DL-PIU/ and spoil/waste ecology by cement, soil 10 05 o 35 Proper drainage will be arranged around the stockpile area. DL-PIU CL-PIU/ Storage of disposal, and excavated 20 Floodways, natural drainage paths, water bodies, farmlands will NRA construction Transport of materials on water and be avoided. materials construction others resources Sustainable collection of river bed materials whenever required,

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Activity Issues Related adverse Type of Mitigation measures Responsible agencies Impacts impacts

Executing Monitoring agencies agencies

Significance Impact nature Extent Duration Magnitude materials Excavated materials will be used for filling works. Construction Quarrying Impacts due to quarry D Ss ST H Vs Sediments derived from the excavation will be used for Contractor/ DCC/DL- activity, and site operation, river 10 05 60 75 backfilling. DL-PIU PIU/ CL- Quarrying & extraction bank cutting, change in Coarse aggregates and sand will be obtained from designated PIU/ NRA burrow pits of river bed river regime and rising and approved quarries and borrow areas that have already during material Water pollution due to taken environmental clearances (if such sites are available). construction unfriendly management Unstable sites, erosion prone areas, dense forest areas, phase practices of quarries settlements and fertile farm land will be avoided for quarry and spoils operation. Stones and boulders will be collected from the environmentally suitable and legally recognized quarry sites. After the extraction is completed, the quarry site will be rehabilitated to suit the local landscape. The materials to be transported will be covered by plastic sheets. Arrangements will be made in trippers to arrest water dripping from the materials. Construction Impacts on Introduction of fugitive D Ss ST M In Construction equipments and vehicles will be regularly Contractor/ DL-PIU/ work :Air, air quality and combustion 10 05 o 35 examined and maintained in proper condition. DL-PIU CL-PIU/ Water and due to emissions, dust (PM10) 20 Water will be sprinkled at major settlements along the road at NRA Noise operation of and smoke, etc. and its least two times a day during peak construction. pollution equipments impact on workers, local Construction materials will be properly covered during and people and vegetation conveyance. vehicles Impact on Mixing of pollutants like D L ST M S Ensuring safe storage and wise use of chemicals to prevent ground turbidity, fecal 20 05 o 45 spillage; water contamination, oil and 20 Avoiding the disposal of excavated materials in or near water quality grease and other bodies; inorganic and organic Discouraging open urination and defecation and construction of wastes resulting toilets in camp sites. pollution of water body.

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Activity Issues Related adverse Type of Mitigation measures Responsible agencies Impacts impacts

Executing Monitoring agencies agencies

Significance Impact nature Extent Duration Magnitude Impact of Health of local people D L ST Lo S Construction equipments will be maintained in proper condition noise from and worker 20 05 20 45 by applying grease and lubricants. operation of Sound producing equipments will be preferred to use only in equipments day time. and Earplug will be provided to the worker involved in equipment vehicles operations. Construction Impact due Synthetic materials, D Ss ST H Vs Segregation of solid waste at source; Contractor/ DL-PIU/ work and to solid construction and 10 05 60 75 Composting degradable waste; DL-PIU CL-PIU Solid waste waste domestic wastes reduce Separate collection and storage arrangements and that too far generation generation land and water quality, from waterway; aesthetics impacting on Selling sellable wastes like metals, bottles, drums, etc. human and environmental health Contractor Pollution Encroachment of forest, D Ss ST H Vs Use of local labours will avoid the chance of campsite Contractor/ DL-PIU/ camp and impact agriculture land, solid 10 05 60 75 management. DL-PIU CL-PIU/ establishme due to waste, and waste water If it is indispensable to establish camps, they will be sited away NRA nt location of may cause pollution from productive lands and forest areas. camp sites Respectable compensation will be paid for using private farm or lands for storage or camp. The camp and storage sites will be properly cleaned, reinstated and handedover to the respective owner followed by receiving necessary clearance from the owner. Toilet, water and other basic facilities will be provided to workers. Labor camp will have room with proper ventilation and natural light, safe drinkable water, mosquito net, sanitary facility, and solid waste management. Appropriate camp sites have been identified at Ch 6+000, Ch 13+050 and Ch 18+000. Biological Environment Impacts

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Activity Issues Related adverse Type of Mitigation measures Responsible agencies Impacts impacts

Executing Monitoring agencies agencies

Significance Impact nature Extent Duration Magnitude Site clearing Impact on Loss of forest and ID L ST M S Maximization of local employment for the project development. DLPIU/CF DFO/CFUG for forest and vegetation due to site 20 05 o 45 Provision of LPG or kerosene for labor and engineer camp. UG / DCC/ construction vegetation clearance (95 trees of 20 Workers will be made aware about the importance of DTO activity different species), conservation and restricted activities. exploitation by Plantation of 2375 trees of suitable type for compensatory workforce plantation Construction Impacts on Hunting and poaching ID L ST M S Prohibiting construction crew from hunting and poaching CFUG DFO/CFUG work, rare, by workforce; road 20 05 o 45 Enforcing speed limit and traffic regulation for transport vehicles /DL-PIU vehicle endangered collision and fatal injury 20 Maximizing numbers of locals in construction crew movement , threatened to wildlife and death; Putting restriction on the use of wildlife meat in the construction on wildlife and disturbance to wildlife camps and treating breaching as punishable offense distribution endemic due to movement of A hoarding board will be placed at sensitive sites (Ch 0+400, species vehicles 1+700 and 15+750 where the road passes along the forest areas) to aware workers and locals alike on importance of wildlife and conservation. Construction Impact on Disturbance to wildlife ID L ST M S Prohibition on wandering into forest. CFUG DFO/CFUG work, wildlife due to movement of 20 05 o 45 /DL-PIU vehicle vehicles and presence 20 movement of construction crew Operation Phase Socioeconomic and Cultural Environment Impacts Operation of Ribbon Development of Ribbon ID Ss LT H Vs Appropriate planning and enforcement of law; DCC/RM CDO/ DCC road settlement settlement and 10 20 60 90 Road side plantations of trees will be done in the RoW to along the Encroachment of RoW, prevent possible encroachment. project increased accidents, alignment delay in traffic movement Use of road Road safety Chances of road D Ss LT M Vs Awareness by signboards and traffic signs at critical places; RM DCC issues accidents in the turnings 10 20 o 50 Adopting 3Es: Engineering, Enforcement and Education. of the Road and Loss of 20 life and property

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Activity Issues Related adverse Type of Mitigation measures Responsible agencies Impacts impacts

Executing Monitoring agencies agencies

Significance Impact nature Extent Duration Magnitude Biological Impacts Operation of Encroachm Destruction due to spoil ID Ss LT M Vs Awareness raising programmes to educate local people and RM DFO/CFUG road ent and and runoff; Illegal 10 20 o 50 providing support to locals for the conservation of forests /DCC Forest cutting of trees because 20 Hoarding board for awareness Depletion of access Physical Environment Operation of Slope Slope instability at D Ss LT M S Bio-engineering works to control the slides and retain the RM DCC road stability and Chianages 0+000 to 10 20 o 50 slopes. Drainage 0+400, 1+400 to 1+500, 20 Rill and gully formations will be regularly monitored and manageme 1+950 to 1+990, 2+150 immediately fixed at critical areas. nt to 2+170, 4+630 to Repair and maintenance of the slope protection measures and 4+780, 7+660 to drainage 7+690, 7+730 to 7+760 Minor landslide and mass wasting will be immediately cleared and 24+300 to 24+320 and slope restored with appropriate technology (bioengineering). Soil conservation will be promoted in the RoW and vulnerable areas beyond the road alignment. Causeways (8) RCC Slab Culverts (5) and Pipe Culverts (94) will be placed to maintain cross drainage at places and allow passage of runoff. Operation of Impact due Dust, smoke, noise D Ss LT Lo In Signboards restricting the use of horns will be erected near RM DCC vehicle to Air, Water level, due to vehicle 10 20 10 40 health posts, schools and settlements. and Noise movement and Water Plantation will be done near the settlement around school and pollution pollution due to vehicle health post to act as dust and noise barrier. washing Vehicle washing in natural streams will be discouraged. Note: D= Direct; ID = Indirect, S= Site Specific; L = Local, R = Regional; ST= Short Term, NA = Not Applicable of No Impact, MT = Medium Term, LT = Long Term; Lo = Low, Mo = Moderate, H = High, I=Insignificant, S=Significant, Vs=Very Significant, Hs=Highly Significant

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9.4 Matter to be monitored while implementing the Proposal 224. Monitoring of the implementation of environmental protection measures provides a basis for logical comparison for the predicted and actual impacts of a proposal. Environmental monitoring will involve the systematic collection of data to determine the actual environmental impacts of the sub-project, compliance of the sub-project with regulatory standards, and the degree of implementation and effectiveness of the environmental protection. Monitoring will be an integral part of the implementation of the mitigation measures during project construction, and will generate important information. It will improve the quality of sub-project implementation.

225. The Work Procedure for Environmental Impact Assessment for Reconstruction of Earthquake Affected Structures, 2072 B.S. (2016 A.D.) requires a monitoring plan and indicators, schedules and responsibility be identified in the IEE report. The National EIA Guidelines for the Forestry sector, 1995 has proposed three stages of the monitoring i.e. baseline monitoring, compliance monitoring and impact monitoring.

9.4.1 Baseline Monitoring 226. Baseline monitoring aims to determine the baseline condition of the environmental resources. It is carried out if significant time elapse between preparation of the IEE report and the construction stage or change in the environmental quality is noticeable. This project will proceed for the immediate construction after the approval of this IEE report and hence baseline monitoring is not necessary.

9.4.2 Compliance Monitoring 227. Compliance monitoring is essential in order to ensure that environmental protection measures recommended by this study and other requirements set forth during the approval of the sub-project are complied with. This monitoring is not concerned with determining the actual effect of the sub-project activities on the environment.

228. The proponent will ensure compliance of activities such as; inclusion of mitigation measures in the design and tender documents, budget allocation for mitigation measures and monitoring, compensation arrangements and other compliances spoil disposal, storage sites, arrangement of construction activities etc.

9.4.3 Impact Monitoring 229. This monitoring detects environmental changes and estimates inherent variation within the environment, establishes long term trends in the natural system, and derives conclusion by making comparison against standard or targets.

230. Impact monitoring is generally carried out to access the effectiveness of the environmental mitigation measures and provides the actual level of the impact in the field. Hence, an impact monitoring evaluation study is proposed by the end of project construction phase or within 2 years of the project implementation. Impact monitoring will focus on the each predicted impact and effectiveness of environmental protection measures.

9.5 Monitoring Indicator 231. These would be based on the level of site-specific information or existing data series and impacts prediction. Efforts have been made to make the indicators measurable and

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diagnostic with low natural variability and broad applicability. In this context, the following physical, biological and social indicators will be monitored during the construction and operational stages of the sub-project.

9.5.1 Pre-Construction Phase 232. Pre-construction phase monitoring is aimed at ensuring that the environmental and social safeguard considerations are adequately incorporated in the Project design and that the respective clauses to address the identified impacts are sufficiently included in the specifications and work contracts.

9.5.2 Construction Phase 233. In this phase the monitoring focuses on impacts on the environmental and social setting caused by the ongoing sub-project. This monitoring checks compliance with the practices, norms, standards and technical solutions prescribed in the design and in the EMP. The specific monitoring tasks will include the following activities:

 Verify and quantify the ongoing slope protection measures, and propose rectifying measures as needed;  Verify and quantify the ongoing activities in quarry operations and propose rectifying measures as needed;  Verify and quantify the ongoing/completed tree felling actions;  Verify and quantify the course of any environmental degradation caused by the subproject activities, their likely consequences, and propose corrective measures, including identification of the responsibilities and costs;  Verify and quantify the effects of disposal of spoil and construction wastes and their consequences;  Verify and quantify the effects of disruption of natural water courses, drainage network, and their consequences;  Monitor by utilizing structured checklists and questionnaires, the contractor’s full compliance with the occupational health and safety regulations for the work staff;  Verify and quantify the effects of losses in wildlife, degradation of forests, illegal extraction of forest products, hunting, wildlife trade and disturbance to wildlife;  Identify and assess the environmental implications on the people’s status of knowledge and awareness in relation to ongoing awareness campaigns;  Verify and quantify losses/damage to private property and community facilities;  Verify and quantify losses/damage to cultural properties;  Explore mechanisms to stipulate strict application of the EMP and identify consequences to be borne by the contractors in case of non-compliance. 9.5.3 Operation Phase 234. The specific monitoring tasks in this phase will include the followings:

 Assess changes in land-use patterns, development of cottage industries, services and demographic composition that may be caused by the road development;  Verify and quantify the occurrence of ribbon development, resulting in encroachment and hindrance of traffic on the road;  Verify all activities for decommissioning work sites and construction to their former functional stage, as applicable. This refers also propose rectifying measures as needed.

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 Verify and quantify the adequacy of the executed bio-engineering works for slope protection and erosion control;  Verify and quantify the adequacy of the drainage structures, functionality of these structures, shortcomings in maintenance, and possible effects on private and communal lands, as well as on aquatic resources;  Verify and quantify the course of any environmental degradation caused by Project activities, their likely consequences, and propose corrective measures, including the identification of responsibilities and costs;  Verify and quantify the effects of disruption of natural water courses, drainage work, and their consequences;  Verify and quantify the effects of losses in wildlife, degradation of forests, illegal extraction of forest products, hunting, wildlife trade and disturbance to wildlife. 9.6 Monitoring Indicators 235. Monitoring will be carried out in a transparent and credible manner by using established indicators. To ensure that the monitored parameters are replicable, i.e. they do not depend on the person or specific methodology used, the selected indicators are easy to be verified and controlled by the agencies where the final monitoring and supervision responsibility remains.

236. Use of standard checklists and formats is sought to be used by the monitoring staff both for site surveys and in the subsequent reports. Much of the monitoring is related to quantifying the observed impacts, and to verify the nature and extent of impacts, photographs, parameter tests, collect local accounts of stakeholders and technical experts. The monitoring will also include specific cause-effect analyses for the impacts observed. Following Table 25 specifies the set of verifiable indicators that will be used for monitoring.

Table 25: Monitoring Indicators Selected for this IEE

Monitored Sector Parameters Selected for Monitoring . Number, location and extent of slope failures Soils, Landslides, Erosion, Waste . Cause analysis for slope failure natural/man-made management Sites . Area (ha.) of land, forest and properties affected . Number and extent of gully erosions and pavement failures . Suitability of corrective/bio-engineering measures . Sites and suitability for safe disposal of wastes and garbage . Number and plant species selected for bio-engineering, Bio-engineering disaggregated by protective function . Blockage of waterways - extent and secondary impacts Water Pollution, Water Resources . Water pollution incidents due to unsafe disposal of and their uses waste and spoil . Damage to farm lands . Assessment of noise level in site by direct observation Air and Noise Level in relation to and interview with stakeholders traffic volume . Visual assessment of dust development at selected sites/sensitive spots and interview with local stakeholders . Traffic volume measurements . Number and type of road accidents recorded in the Road Safety Traffic Police and in local health service centers

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Monitored Sector Parameters Selected for Monitoring . Suitability of local road signs . Nos and extent of road accidents inflicting wildlife Wildlife/ Habitat Disturbance & . DFO records of illegal timber extraction and wildlife Impacts on Forest Resources trade . Observations and handling of invasive species. . Number and extent of new settlements /types and Socio-economic Development near ethnic groups Road . Number and extent of new businesses . Number and extent of new services and utilities . Number of HHs resettled Resettled Households and . Income situation and opportunities for the resettlers livelihood restoration . Verification of compensation and assistance to resettlers . Number /schedule of campaigns and number of Community awareness beneficiaries programmes relating to . Revision of training agenda & information material environment protection and . Number of beneficiaries having received awareness avoidance of social conflicts training

237. The following Table 26 identifies the specific compliance monitoring activities. Phase- wise/chronological details are provided for the methods, schedules, responsible implementing agency and the responsible monitoring agency. The compliance monitoring refers primarily to the pre-construction and construction stage of the project. Table 27 details the impact and effect monitoring activities envisaged for this sub-project.

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Table 26: Compliance Monitoring of Sunkhani – Lamidanda - Kalinchok Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project Parameters/Provisions Implementation Verifiable Indicator Verification Methods Frequency Responsible for Compliance Responsibility /Time Monitoring authority

Final site selection as Consultant Incorporation of the IEE/EMP Review of revised design Initial stage of DISC/DCC/DTO, per IEE/EMP recommendations to the document and field surveying recommendation designing document verification. MoFALD/NRA

Site selection and Contractors Project arrangement for the Review of the design and Once during DCC / MoFALD/ preparation of materials storage and the construction planning construction construction logistics construction activities documents period CDO Land and property DL-PIU Cadastral records, land and Review and verification of Initial stage pre- DTO/DCC acquisition and properties acquisition reports, photos; geo- construction compensation procedures; verification report referencing phase Use of the local labours/ Contractors Specification which obligate Review of contract Trimester during DCC/DTO particularly vulnerable the contractors to observe specifications; records of construction groups and women certain quotas for employing workers, attendance; period (20% woman) local labour, especially payments made to workers vulnerable groups , and followed by interview. women, use of child-labour Awareness and job Contractors Training programmes for the Review of records of Once before DCC/DTO training on the road skill development, OHS and training programmes, construction construction to the environmental protection reports, and documents technicians and the associated with the road with feedback from the locally employed construction work participant; Review of laborers attendance records Compliance to Contractors Health and safety regulations, Spot checklist at the work during DCC/DTO occupational health first aid and medical sites, photo, accident construction safety measures arrangement, contingency record, interviews period plan, number and type of the safety equipment, mask, helmet. glove and safety belt Compliance to Contractors Arrangement specified in the Review of related logs and Trimester during DCC/DTO environmental code of the practice and codes along with site construction protection measures, manuals relating to the inspection, discussion with period including pollution environmental protection, the project management,

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Parameters/Provisions Implementation Verifiable Indicator Verification Methods Frequency Responsible for Compliance Responsibility /Time Monitoring authority prevention, water and records and the observation consultants and the local spoil management, pollution, waste management, people. Review of air slope stabilization, spoil deposit quality and noise level landfill, waste measurement and water management quality test reports. Measures to protect Contractors Dust level and noise level at Review of noise Trimester during DTO/DCC environment from air work sites, major settlements measurement records, construction and noise pollution and sensitive spots like health Observation of good period centers and private spots construction practices and discussion with residents and workers Measure to protect Contractors Dust level and the noise level Review of water quality Trimester during DTO/DCC water body from at the work site, major check records. construction pollution settlements and the sensitive Observation of the good period spot like health centre and construction practices and schools discussion with residents and workers Restoration, Contractors Continued service by the Site observation, RM/DCC Once at the end DCC/DTO rehabilitation, facilities and functional public records public consultation of construction reconstruction of all the life meeting, photos infrastructure, service disrupted or damaged by the proposal activities Adequate technical and CL-PIU/DCC/ Adequate number of Review of records of Trimester during DCC/DTO the environmental DTO/CISC/ technicians regularly at site number and type of construction supervision technician available at site, period Skill of work carried out. Clean up and Contractors Decommissioned site indicate Review of clearance from Once at the end DCC/DTO reinstatement of the no adverse/residual the owners; Site of construction construction sites environmental impacts and are observation, Comparing (camps, quarries, rehabilated to the satisfication Photos, Consulting to burrow pits) of supervisor and land owner owner or local community

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Table 27: Impact Monitoring of Sunkhani – Lamidanda - Kalinchok Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project Parameters Verifiable Indicators Verification Location Schedule Responsible /Indicator Methods Implementation and Monitoring Agency Slope stability Inclination, slope failures, causes; Site observation, Near steep slopes Continuously DL-PIU/DISC during and drainage facilities such as catch photos and at landslide areas during construction; erosion drain, side drains and functionality discussion with people and sites construction and DCC/DSCO during of cross drainage structures; fresh and technicians operation operation gullies and erosion; success/failure of bio-engineering solutions Quarrying of Changes in the river regimes, Site observation, Quarry sites areas Trimester during DISC/DCC/DTO aggregates Bank cutting and loss of photos, discussion construction agricultural land with the local people Bio-engineering Re-vegetation through bio- Site observation; Cut slope area, where During and at the DISC/DCC/DTO of disturbed engineering application on inspection of nursery vegetation is cleared; end of Sub- slopes disturbed slope; establishment of and its production nursery sites project nursery rate, construction photos, measurements Disposal of spoils Affected aesthetic value, affected Site observation and At specific locations During DISC/DCC/DTO and construction forest and agriculture land, initiated interviews, photos, where such sites construction wastes land erosion by local blocked geo-referencing sites occur drainage, hazard to downhill slope residents and agricultural lands Loss or Status of road side land; Observation, data Road side land and During DISC/DCC/DTO degradation of production/yield; collection and analysis houses construction farmland, houses status of road side houses; status and interview with and properties of standing crop along alignment stakeholders Water quality Observation of open defecation Visual observation Local streams During DISC/DCC/DTO and waste disposal around water construction; sources near construction sites upon demand for

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Parameters Verifiable Indicators Verification Location Schedule Responsible /Indicator Methods Implementation and Monitoring Agency testing with field kit Air quality Dust level in ambient air Visual inspection At construction sites During DISC/DCC/DTO and at sensitive spots construction Forest and Numbers of trees, presence of Observations, In and around the During DFO/DCC/DTO/DISC/ vegetation ground vegetation, signs of illicit DFO/CFUGs records, construction sites, construction and CFUG logging and extraction of NTFPs photos Operation Wildlife Wildlife hunting and poaching by Interview with local Forest areas at Twice a year DFO/DCC/DTO/DISC/ workforce, trade of wildlife, road people/CFUGs/DFO roadside during CFUG accidents inflicting wildlife and construction and observations routine during operation Change in Numbers of people employed by Records kept by the Sub-project area Trimester during DCC/DTO/DISC economy the project during construction, project management, construction numbers of women in work forces discussion with phase stakeholders Trade and Numbers of shops increased or Records, interviews, Throughout sub- Once in a year DCC/DTO/DISC/RM commerce decreased, rental of houses and observations, photos project area land spaces Occupational Type and number of accident Observations, photos, Throughout sub- During DCC/DTO/DISC safety and occurred during construction; spotchecks, project area construction hazard adequacy of occupational safety contractors and health measured provided; compensation centre records provided in case of fatal accidents interview with workers Change in socio- Number and extent of new Observations, Throughout sub- During operation DCC/RM economic settlements/types and ethnic interview with local project area structure groups; nos. and extent of new people, DCC, Police businesses; nos and extent of new and RM records

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Parameters Verifiable Indicators Verification Location Schedule Responsible /Indicator Methods Implementation and Monitoring Agency services and utilities, social conflicts Acess to social Increase in number of people Records, interviews Project area During operation DCC/RM services receiving social service facilities (Schools, health post) Enhancement of Change in transportation cost and Records, interviews Project area During operation DCC/RM transportation time services Change in Change in number of porters and Interviews with local Project area During operation DCC/RM livelihood pattern their livelihoods, change in people, observation occupational status and FGDs with local community

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9.7 Cost of Mitigation and Enhancement 238. Various activities of mitigation measures such as slope stabilization, quarry site management, spoil disposal, supply of the masks, helmets, ear mufflers, accidental insurances, slope retention and toe wall protection, spoil disposal, relocation of utilities, etc. have been incorporated in the design and cost estimates. Therefore, most of the mitigation measure suggested would be a part of the road design and construction without additional cost. Some of the social mitigation and enhancement cost are ncluded in the Resettlement Plan (RP) and Gender Equality and Social Inclusion Action Plan (GESI-AP) (Please refer Appendix 9b). RP and GESI-AP have been prepared as separate reports. The estimate of the environmental cost of the sub-project has been itemized in Table 28. All proposed mitigation measures will be an integral part of the project design during reconstruction and operation phases. The cost for environmental mitigation measures and benefit augmentation is NRs. 14,299,177.06 where NRs. 12,758,697.06 is allocated within civil work cost and 1,540,480.00 will be in addition to civil work cost.

Table 28: Estimate of Environmental Cost of the Sub-Project SN Particulars Amount (NRs.) 1 Environmental Management Cost 1.1 Environmental/conservation awareness program 250,000.00 1.2 Tourism promotion awareness (A three days homestay management 150,000.00 training to 15 people from project area) 1.3 Hoarding boards at road site for awareness about important wildlife and 190,000.00 their conservation. 1.4 Compensatory plantation & protection cost for trees on CF 340,480.00 1.5 Roadside plantation 350,000.00 1.6 Solid waste collection bins at active construction sites and camps 60,000.00 1.7 Environmental monitoring cost 200,000.00 Sub-total (I) 1,540,480.00 2 Other environmental cost (included in civil works cost ) 2.1 Contractor's workmen and employees and third party insurance against 1,300,000.00 damage to other persons and property (Ref Appendix 9a, item 1.1, both packages) 2.2 Relocation of Utilities (water supply and telephone poles) (Ref Appendix 1080,000.00 9 a, item 1.4, both packages) 2.3 Maintenance of existing road, providing and maintaining traffic safety, 1,368,000.00 control measures and temporary diversions during construction including water spraying thrice a week to avoid dust pollution. (Ref Appendix 9 a, item 1.5, both packages) 2.4 Labour camp maintenance (Ref Appendix 9 a, package 1 item 1.8 and 720,000.00 package 2 item 1.7) 2.5 Environmental Mitigation Works (Ref Appendix 9 a,Package 1 item 1.9 600,000.00 and Package 2 item 1.10) 2.6 Social Compliance and Safeguard (Ref Appendix 9 a,Package 1 item 300,000.00 1.10 and Package 2 item 1.11) 2.7 Spoil Disposal (Ref Appendix 9 a, item 3.4 both packages) 2,573,420.28 2.8 Bioengineering and landslide retention (Ref Appendix 9 a, item 7 both 4,186,148.48 packages)

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SN Particulars Amount (NRs.) 2.9 Installation of traffic signals (Ref Appendix 9 a, item 6.4, both packages) 631,128.30 Subtotal II 12,758,697.06 Total EMP Cost 14,299,177.06

9.8 Costs of Environmental Monitoring 239. Monitoring is an integral part of the project in finding the unlikely impacts and implement corrective measures for them. The proponent will develop in-built monitoring mechanism to show its additional commitment for environmental improvement and mitigate undesirable changes, if any during construction and operation stage. District Level Implementation Team in district and Environmental specialist for EEAP will conduct environmental monitoring with the support of DCC/DTO.

240. According to the Working Procedure for Environmental Impact Assessment for Reconstruction of Earthquake Affected Structures, 2072 B.S. (2016 A.D.), the NRA is responsible for the monitoring and evaluation of identified impacts during implementation of the project. CL-PIU (MoFALD) and DL-PIU (DCC/DTO) will make arrangements for the project level monitoring. Beside this, it is recommended that an external team hired by NRA will take the responsibility for the monitoring. In addition, regular supervision and guidance will be also provided by the CISC. At least one monitoring in each construction season is necessary. The reporting requirement has been discussed in the preceeding section. Total cost of environmental monitoring (professional fees, transportation and visit and report preparation) is estimated NRs. 200,000 and is presented in Table 29.

Table 29: Estimated Cost for Environmental Monitoring SN Description Unit Quantity Rate Amount (NRs.) I Compliance and Impact Monitoring 1 Professional Fees (Environmental Expert) Month 1 75000 75000 2 Field Visit (Transportation and Logistic) LS 20000 20000 3 Report Preparation LS 25000 25000 Subtotal 120,000 II Central Level Monitoring LS 80,000 Total 200,000

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10. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 241. The condition due to poor geometry of the Sunkhani-Lamidanda-Kalinchok Section of Sunkhani-Sangwa Road was further aggravated by the landslides triggered after the April 25 and May 12 earthquake. The proposed road reconstruction and rehabilitation sub-project is essential to realize the full potential of the existing infrastructure and for providing safe and easy access to people living in the region. It will have long-term impact on the development of local areas. Besides these, implementation of this sub-project is expected to bring several immediate short term benefits like employment generation, increase in the local economy and enhancement of the technical skills, especially during construction phase.

242. Moreover, the project has been expected to have minimal detrimental effect on the physical, biological, socioeconomic and cultural environment of area. Most of the adverse impacts (identified and predicted) are short and medium term in nature as well as reversible in nature. Similarly, identified environmental adverse impacts are locally confined and limited mainly to the period of construction. The sub-project needs acquisition of private land, but that will not bring any resettlement. Few stands of trees have to be felled and few community structures to be relocated. With set of the proposed mitigation measures, most of impacts can be minimized or even set off. Bioengineering measures have been proposed in the Design to stabilize slopes and control further slides. In addition, proposed road does not exceed any of the thresholds prescribed by Earthquake Affected Structure Reconstruction Work Procedure 2016 and other relevant acts and rule. For this time, IEE is sufficient for implementation of project.

243. To implement the proposal, adopting the safeguard measures described in Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan is essential. Similarly, all the social and environmental issues related to sub-project should be settled down before implementation of sub-project works.

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11. References ADB. (2009). Safeguard Policy Statement, June 2009. Asian Development Bank, Manila. ADB. (2015). Environmental Assessment and Review Framework: Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project, June 2015. ADB. (2015). Project Administration Manual: Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project, June 2015. ADB. (2015). Resettlement Framework: Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project, June 2015. An Act Made To Provide for Reconstruction of the Earthquake Affected Structures, 2015, Nepal Gazette Section 65) Kathmandu 20 December 2015 (5 Poush 2072) (Extraordinary Issue) Baral, H.S and Shah K.B, (2064). Wild Mammals of Nepal. Himalayan Nature, Kathmandu. Constitution of Nepal 2072, Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs, Law Books Management Board, Kathmandu DDC Dolakha. (2072). District profile of Dolakha, 2072, District Development Committee, Dolakha. Dhital M.R. (2015). Geology of the Nepal Himalaya, Regional Geology Reviews, Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-02496-7_30 DoR. (2003). Reference manual for the Environmental and Social aspects of the Integrated Road Development. Ministry of the Physical Planning and works Department of the Road, Kathmandu. DoR. (2007). Environmental and Social Management Framework, a guideline to the environmental and social issues associated with new road construction and upgrading. Ministry of the Physical Planning and Works, Department of Road, Kathmandu. Earthquake Affected Structures Reconstruction Rules, 2015, Nepal Gazette Section 65) Kathmandu 20 December 2015 (5 Poush 2072) (Extraordinary Issue) Earthquake Affected Structures Reconstruction Work Procedures, 2016, Nepal Gazette Volume 5, Section 65) Number 49 (2072/12/01) (Notices 1, 2 and 3), Kathmandu Fleming, R Sr. and Jr. and Bangdel, L.S. (1976). Birds of Nepal. R.C. Fleming (Sr. and Jr.) Kathmandu, Nepal. GoN. (1995). Topographical Sheet No. 2786 01, 2786 05A and 2786 05B, Department of Survey. GoN. (1999). Approach for development of Agricultural and Rural roads Grievance Management Procedure for Reconstruction of Earthquake Affected Structures, 2016, National Reconstruction Authority, Kathmandu Inskipp, C. and Inskipp, T. (1985). A guide to birds of Nepal. Croom Helm, London, England. IUCN. (2014). IUCN red list of threatened species, version 2012.2, www.iucnredlist.org Jnwali, S.R., Baral, H.S., Lee, S., Acharaya, K.P., Upadhyay, G.P., Pandey, M., Shrestha, R., Joshi, D., Laminchhane, B.R., Griffiths, J., Khatiwada, A.P., Subedi, N., and Amin, R. (2011). The Status of Nepal Mammals: The National Red List Series, Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Kathmandu Nepal Labor Act, 1991, Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs, Law Books Management Board, Kathmandu

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Local Self-Governance Act, 1999, Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs, Law Books Management Board, Kathmandu Local Self-Governance Regulations, 2000, Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs, Law Books Management Board, Kathmandu Martin, G.J. (1995). Ethnobotany: A People and Plant Conservation Manual. Chapman and Hall, London. MoE/NAPA. (2010). Climate Change Vulnerability Mapping for Nepal. Kathmandu, Nepal. National Population and Housing Census, 2011, Central Bureau of Statistics. National Environmental Impact Assessment Guidelines, 1993, Nepal Gazette Volume, 45 Number 19 Kathmandu Polunin, O. and Stainton, A. (1984): Flowers of the Himalaya. Oxford University Press. Press, J.R., Shrestha K. K. and Stainton, J. D.A. (2000): Annotated Checklist of the Flowering Plants of Nepal, The Natural History Museum, London and Central Department of Botany, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal Shrestha, K. (1985). A Field Guide to Nepali Names for Plants. Natural History Museum, Institute of Science and Technology, T.U., Kathmandu, Nepal. Singh, A.P. (2001). Flowering Plants of Nepal (Phanerogams). Bulletin of Department of Plant Resources No. 18. HMG/N, MoFSC, Dept. of Plant Resources, National Herbarium and Plant Laboratories, Godavary, Lalitpur, Nepal. Solid Waste Management and Resource Mobilization Act 2011, Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs, Law Books Management Board, Kathmandu Solid Waste Management and Resource Mobilization Regulation 2012, Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs, Law Books Management Board, Kathmandu Uprety, B.K. (2003). Safeguarding the resources Environmental Impact Assessment process and Practice. Utara Uprety, Kathmandu. Water Resources Act 1992, Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs, Law Books Management Board, Kathmandu Water Resources Regulation 1993, Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs, Law Books Management Board, Kathmandu

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Annex 1: Terms of Reference approval letter & Approved ToR

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Annex 2: REA checklist and climate change checklist

a. Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist Instructions: (i) The PMU completes this checklist to support the environmental classification of a project. It is to be attached to the environmental categorization form and submitted to ADB. (ii) This checklist focuses on environmental issues and concerns. To ensure that social dimensions are adequately considered, refer also to ADB's (a) checklists on involuntary resettlement and Indigenous Peoples; (b) poverty reduction handbook; (c) staff guide to consultation and participation; and (d) gender checklists. (iii) Answer the questions assuming the “without mitigation” case. The purpose is to identify potential impacts. Use the “remarks” section to discuss any anticipated mitigation measures.

Subroject Title: Sunkhani-Lamidanda-Kalinchok Section of Sunkhani-Sangwa Road Reconstruction Sub-Project

IA: MoFALD and DCC/DTO, Dolakha

SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS A. Project sitting Is the project area adjacent to or within any of the following environmentally sensitive areas?  Cultural heritage site 

. Protected area 

 Wetland 

 Mangrove 

 Estuarine 

 Buffer Zone of Protected Area 

 Special area for protecting biodiversity  B. Potential environmental impacts

Will the project cause… There are no historic or cultural  Encroachment on historical/cultural areas along the road alignment. areas; disfiguration of landscape by Disfiguration of landscape will road embankments, cuts, fills, and  occur due to cut and fill, however, quarries? cut and fill volume will be

balanced.

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SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS  Encroachment on precious ecology  (e.g. Sensitive or protected areas)?  Alteration of surface water hydrology of waterways crossed by roads, resulting

in increased sediment in streams  affected by increased soil erosion at construction site?  Deterioration of surface water quality due to silt runoff and sanitary wastes There will be no significant

from worker-based camps and  impact. chemicals used in construction?  Increased local air pollution due to rock There will be no significant air

crushing, cutting and filling works, and pollution as is reconstruction of  chemicals from asphalt processing? existing gravel road  Risks and vulnerabilities related to occupational health and safety due to physical, chemical, biological, and  radiological hazards during project construction and operation during project construction and operation?  Noise and vibration due to blasting and

other civil works  Resettlement Plan will be  Dislocation or involuntary resettlement  prepared to address involuntary

of people resettlement of the affected people. Private structures like house and  shop will be dislocated within the  Dislocation and compulsory formation width of the road and resettlement of people living in right-of- they will be provided with way? compensation based on Resettlement Plan.  Disproportionate impacts on the poor,  women and children, Indigenous Peoples or other vulnerable groups?  Other social concerns relating to inconveniences in living conditions in

the project areas that may trigger Not envisaged.  cases of upper respiratory problems and stress?  Hazardous driving conditions where construction interferes with pre-existing  roads?

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SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS The road will be constructed by  Poor sanitation and solid waste the local people who will come disposal in construction camps and from their home for work and work sites, and possible transmission  campsite management will be of communicable diseases from done for workers outside the workers to local populations? project area.  Creation of temporary breeding Road construction is in hilly

habitats for mosquito vectors of region. So, there will be no  disease? breeding habitats for mosquitoes.  Accident risks associated with increased vehicular traffic, leading to  Traffic volume is negligible. accidental spills of toxic materials and loss of life? Traffic volume will be minimal and  Increased noise and air pollution traffic speed will be very slow  resulting from traffic volume? (<20km/hour) due to earthen raod.  Increased risk of water pollution from oil, grease and fuel spills, and other  materials from vehicles using the road?  Social conflicts if workers from other  regions or countries are hired?  Large population influx during project construction and operation that causes increased burden on social  infrastructure and services (such as water supply and sanitation systems)?  Risks to community health and safety due to the transport, storage, and use and/or disposal of materials such as  explosives, fuel and other chemicals during construction and operation?  Community safety risks due to both accidental and natural causes, especially where the structural elements or components of the project are accessible to members of the  affected community or where their failure could result in injury to the community throughout project construction, operation and decommissioning.

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Country/Project Title: Nepal, Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project (EEAP) Sector : Emergency Assistance Sub-sector: Road Division/Department: District/Rural Road(MoFALD/DCC/DTO)

Screening Questions Score Remarks Location and Is sitting and/or routing of the project (or its 2 Landslide Design of components) likely to be affected by climate conditions project including extreme weather related events such as floods, droughts, storms, landslides? Would the project design (e.g. the clearance for 0 bridges) need to consider any hydro-meteorological parameters (e.g., sea-level, peak river flow, reliable water level, peak wind speed etc.)? Materials and Would weather, current and likely future climate 1 Maintenance conditions (e.g. prevailing humidity level, temperature contrast between hot summer days and cold winter days, exposure to wind and humidity hydro- meteorological parameters likely affect the selection of project inputs over the life of project outputs (e.g. construction material)? Would weather, current and likely future climate 1 conditions, and related extreme events likely affect the maintenance (scheduling and cost) of project output(s)? Performance Would weather/climate conditions and related extreme 2 Gravel of project events likely affect the performance (e.g. annual power outputs production) of project output(s) (e.g. hydro-power Road generation facilities) throughout their design life time?

Options for answers and corresponding score are provided below: Response Score Not Likely 0 Likely 1 Very Likely 2 Responses when added that provide a score of 0 will be considered low risk project. If adding all responses will result to a score of 1-4 and that no score of 2 was given to any single response, the project will be assigned a medium risk category. A total score of 5 or more (which include providing a score of 1 in all responses) or a 2 in any single response will be categorized as high risk project. Result of Initial Screening (Low, Medium, High): 6 (High) Other Comments: For it is a hill road, and is already affected by landslides at Ramche and Dudhpokhari, the road and its performance is very likely to be affected by impacts of climate change and climate induced extreme events, especially heavy rainfall. Prepared by:

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Annex 3: Environmental Checklists

A. Physical Environment Parameter Description Topography Geology (Rock and Soil Types) Erosion and Sedimentation Quarry Sites Sites for Labour Camp Site for Storage and Stockpiling Access and Diversion if necessary River Training Works Land Use Air Quality Water Quality Noise Level Spoil disposal sites Drainage Network and Ground Water Status of Channel Shifting

B. Vegetation and Wildlife Vegetation in the project area SN Local Botanical Location Vegetation Local Local Protection Status Name Name Type Status Use GoN IUCN CITES

Mammals in the project area SN Common Scientific Habitat Local Crop/Livestock Local Protection Status Name Name Status Raider Use GoN IUCN CITES

Birds Sighted in the project area SN Common Scientific Type Habitat Local Protection Status Name Name Status IUCN CITES GoN

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Herpeto-fauna in the Project Area S.N. Local Name Scientific Habitat Local Status Code Local Name Status CITIES IUCN GoN Use

Fish in the Project Area S.N. Local Name Scientific Name Status of Migratory Observed Occurrence Status/Season Location

C. Socio-Economic and Cultural Environment along road alignment Parameter Description (Chainagewise Detail) Demography a) Population (Male, Female) b) Caste Ethnicity c) Language d) Religion and Culture e) Literacy Occupation Migration Patten Public Health and Sanitation Drinking Water Supply Education Facilities Communication Fuel and Energy Road and Transportation Land Holding Food Sufficiency Irrigation Health Care System Market Business and Industries Religious and Cultural Sites Non governmental activities Development Potential Detail of Project Affected Structures

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D. Landslides and Erosion Prone Areas along Road Alignment Chainages Locations or Size of Protection SN Cause of Failure From To (Left/Right) Failure Structure

E. Settlements and Population of the along the Road Corridor

Population SN Settlement VDC & Ward HH Caste/Ethnicity Male Female Total

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Annex 4: Public Notice

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English translation of Notice published

Government of Nepal Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development Office of District Development Committee Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project District Level Project Implementation Unit Dolakha

Public notice for comments and suggestion on the Initial Environmental Examination (Date of first publication: 2072/12/22) Through the Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project (EEAP) being implemented by loan and grant assistance from Asian Development Bank (ADB) and technical and grant assistance from Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC), counterpart funding from Government of Nepal (GoN), District Development Committee (DDC) Dolakha has proposed rehabilitation and reconstruction of the following roads. In the course, this notice has been published for the implementation of an Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) report as per the provision of the Rule 7 (2) of the Environment Protection Rules 1997 (amended 1999 AD).

SN Proposed Affected VDCs Description of Project Road 1 Bhirkot- Bhirkot, Japhe, Malu, Proposed road starts at Peepaldada of Sahare- Sahare, Chyama and Bhirkot VDC and ends at Deurali of Hawa Hawa Hawa VDCs VDC. This road will be 26 km long and 6.25 m wide with side drain. 2 Sunkhani- Sunkhani, Lapilang, Proposed road starts at Sunkhani of Sunkhani Kanpa Lamidada, Babare, VDC and ends at Sangwa of Khopachagu Kalinchwok, Khopachagu VDC. This road will be 26 km long and 6.25 m VDCs wide with side drain

It is requested to provide comments and suggestions about the impacts on the environment through the implementation of sub-project, from the relevant VDCs, school, health post, forest user group, concerned stakeholders, organization and local people within 15 days from the first date of its publication in the following address. The comments and suggestions can be sent to Department of Local Infrastructure Development and Agricultural Roads, Pulchwok and Ministry of Federal Affairs & Local Development, Singhadurbar.

Address to send comments and suggestions: District Development District Technical Office, Earthquake Emergency Committee, Dolakha Dolakha, District Assistance Project, Central Telephone no: 049-421493 Implementation Unit Project Implementation Unit Fax No: 049-421141 Telephone no: 049-421049 Telephone no: 01-5532331 Fax No: [email protected]

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Annex 5: Deeds of Inquiries

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Annex 6: Recommendation letter

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Annex 7: Minutes of Public Consultations

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Annex 8: Tree loss and compensatory plantation 8a: Trees to be felled from Community Forest and Compensatory Plantation Requirement Chainages Name of Name of Species Major Species to be Felled Number of Trees to Compensatory Forest be Felled Plantation (1:25 ) 0+500-1+600 Jana Ekata CF Khote Salla Pinus roxburghii 11 275 Uttis Alnus nepalensis 16 400 Chilaune Schimawallichii 16 400 Total no of trees for Jana Ekata CF 43 1075 Total Cost of Plantation@NRs 143.36/plant (NRs) 154,112.00 1+700-2+700 Ramche Salleri Khote Salla Pinus roxburghii, 10 250 CF Uttis Alnus nepalensis 15 375 Chilaune Schima wallichii 15 375 Molato Macaranga denticulata 2 50 Total no of trees for Ramche Salleri CF 42 1050 Total Cost of Plantation@NRs 143.36/plant (NRs) 150,528.00 15+750- Hilepani CF Chilaune Schima wallichii 6 150 16+100 Uttis Alnus nepalensis 4 100 Total no of trees for Hilepani CF 10 250 Total Cost of Plantation@NRs 143.36/plant (NRs) 35,840.00 Total No of Trees from all CFs 95 2375 Total Cost of Plantation in all CFs (NRs) 340,480.00

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Appendix 8b: Cost Calculation for Compensatory Plantation in CF Item No. Description Unit Total quantity Rate (NRs.) Amount Remarks (NRs.) Seedling cost No 1760 20 35,200.00 20 Plantation per ha 20(1) Site selection and survey Persondays 3 455 1,365.00 20.2(b) Site clearance Persondays 10 455 4,550.00 25% shrubs and grasses 20.3 Fixing of pit distance (1600 pits) Persondays 3 455 1,365.00 20.5(a)i Pitting of 45X30X30 cm pit Persondays 32 455 14,560.00 50% slope 20.6(a)iii Seedling transportation Persondays 6 455 2,730.00 1 km distance 20.6(b)iii Seedling transportation (within) Persondays 3 455 1,365.00 20.7(a) Plantation Persondays 20 455 9,100.00 Up to 50% slope 32.1(b) Weeding Persondays 18 455 8,190.00 32.3 Replacement plantation (10%) Persondays 9 455 4,095.00 33.1(a) Prunning Persondays 15 455 11,375.00 Up to 50% slope Sub-total 93,895.00 35 Fencing per 400 running meter 35.2(a)i Preparation of 100 poles of 30-40cm girth and 1.8m Persondays 10 455 3,640.00 height 35.4 Five line barbed wire fencing (100 running meter) 35.4(a) Barbed wire (14 gauge) Kg 286 125 71,500.00 Wooden pole (10cmx10cmx1.8m) No 176 No cost Unail Kg 8.4 125 2,100.00 35.3(b) Pitting for poles Persondays 20 455 25,480.00 35.4(c) Stretching and tightening of barbed wire Persondays 40 455 43,680.00 Sub-total 146,400.00 Total 240,295.00 Contingency (5%) 12,014.75 Grand Total 252,309.75 Per plant cost 143.36 1600+10% plants with 2.5m x 2.5m spacing

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Appendix 8c: Compensatory Plantation Agreement

Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f(Compensatory Plantation) k[i7e"dL e"sDk cfktsfnLg ;xfotf cfof]hgf (EEAP) PlzofnL ljsf; a}+ssf] ;x'nLotk"0f{ C0f ;xof]u, :jL; ljsf; ;xof]u lgof]usf] k|fljlws ;xof]u tyf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] nufgLdf z'? ePsf] xf] o; cfof]hgfsf] p2]Zo @)&@ a}zfv !@ ut]sf] e"sDk kl5 e"sDkLo If]qdf k"glg{df0f / k"g{:yfkgf sfo{df ;xof]u ug{' xf] . o; cfof]hgfn] ljBfno, ;8s, ;/sf/L ejg k"glg{df0f ul/ ;Defljt k|sf]kaf6 ;dfg's"ng ug{' /x]sf] 5 . of] sfo{s|d k"glg{df0f / k"g{:yfkgf sfo{k2tLdf cfwfl/t /xg] 5 . o;n] ;8s If]qsf e"sDk k|efljt hgtfnfO{ ;xhtf k|bfg ug]{5 . bf]nvf lhNnfdf cjl:yt k|:tfljt ;'gvfgL—;fª\jf u|fld0f ;8ssf] ;'gvfgL— Nffld8fF8f—sflnGrf]s v08 pk–cfof]hgf e"sDk cfktsfnLg ;xfotf cfof]hgf (EEAP) cGtu{t ;+rfng ug{ nfuLPsf] Ps pkcfof]hgf xf] .

;'gvfgL—Nffld8fF8f—sflnGrf]s ;8s pk–cfof]hgf bf]nvf lhNnfsf] sflnGrf]s ufFpkflnsfsf] j8f @ b]lv * af6 -tTsflng ;'gvfgL, nflknfª, nfld8fF8f / afa/] uf=lj=;=_ k|j]z ub{5 . of] ;8ssf] rf}8fO{ ^=@% dL= / hDdf nDafO{ @&=#&# ls=dL= kb{5 .

;fGb{lestf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;/sf/L ?vx? x6fpg] ;DaGwL dfkb08 @)&! cg';f/ ;'gvfgL—Nffld8fF8f— sflnGrf]s ;8s pk–cfof]hgfsf] lgdf{0f s|ddf sfl6g] ?vx?sf] Ifltk"lt{ ;DaGwdf hlt ?v sfl6G5g To;sf] !M@% cg'kftdf Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f / % aif{ ;Dd ;+/If0f ug'{ kg]{ x'G5 . jgdf sfl6g] ?vx?sf] ;+Vof / Ifltk"lt{ jfkt a[Iff/f]k0f ug'{ kg]{ ?v ;+Vof / cg'dflgt nfut pk/f]Qm cg';f/ ;'gvfgL—Nffld8fF8f—sflnGrf]s ;8s pk–cfof]hgf ;fd'bflos eP/ hfg] / sfl6g] ?vx?sf] ;+Vof, Ifltk"lt{ jfkt a[Iff/f]k0f ug'{ kg]{ ?v ;+Vof / cg'dflgt nfut ;d]t 6]a'n !df lbO{Psf] 5 .

6]a'n !M ;fd'bflos jgdf sfl6g] ?vx?sf] ;+Vof, Ifltk"lt{ jfkt a[Iff/f]k0f ug'{ kg]{ ?v ;+Vof / cg'dflgt nfut l;g+ jgsf] gfd sfl6g] Ifltk"lt{ la?jf, a[Iff/f]k0f uf]8d]n, hDdf nfut ?v ;+Vof a[Iff/f]k0f / 3]/jf/ nfut k'g/f]k0f nfut -g]=?=_ ?v ;+Vof klxnf] ls:tf bf]>f] ls:tf -!M@%_ -g]=?=_ -g]=?=_ ! hg Pstf ;f= j= $# !,)&% !#*,(##=)) !%,!&(=)) !%$,!!@=)) @ /fDr] ;Nn]/L ;f= $@ !,)%) !#%,&)@=)) !$,*@^=)) !%),%@*=)) j= # lxn]kfgL ;f= j= !) @%) #@,#!)=)) #,%#)=)) #%,*$)=)) hDdf (% @#&% #)^,($%=)) ##,%#%=)) #$),$*)=))

126 IEE of Sunkhani-Lamidanda-Kalinchok Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Dolakha

lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no / lhNnf jg sfof{no / ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] aLrdf

Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f -Compensatory Plantation_ sfof{Gjog ug{ ePsf] ;+Demf}tf -Agreement_ kq s_ sfof{Gjog ug]{ ;+:yfsf] lhDd]jf/L tyf bfloTj lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no, bf]nvf != Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{ ug{sf] nfuL Joj:yfkg ug]{ h:t}, lj?jf pTkfbg÷9'jfgL ug]{, a[Iff/f]k0f ug]{ sfo{ cflb . a[Iff/f]k0f tyf 3]/jf/ -fencing_ ug{ nfut cg'dfg cg';f/sf] /sd - klxnf] ls:tf_ ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x -;f=j=p=;=_ nfO{ lhNnf jg sfof{no dfkm{t pknAw u/fpg] .

@= a[Iff/f]k0f ul/Psf] If]qsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf ;j} ;/f]sf/jfnfnfO{ ;xefuL u/fpg] .

#= a[Iff/f]k0f ul/;s] kl5 lj?jf afFr]sf] cfwf/df jg Joj:yfkg -uf]8d]n, xfFuf s6gL / k'gM/f]k0f ug{_ afFsL /sd -bf]>f] ls:tf_ ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xn] kfpg] u/L lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] k|fljlwssf] l;kmfl/;sf] ;fy} /f]xj/df pknAw u/fpg Joj:yf ldnfpg] . lhNnf jg sfof{no, bf]nvf != lj?jf vl/b, ;Íngsf] ;fy} a[Iff/f]k0f ug{ k|ljlws ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg] .

@= ;f=j=p=;=n] u/]sf] sfdsf] cg'udg u/L lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{nodf k|utL k|ltj]bg k]z ug]{ .

#= a[Iff/f]k0fsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{nonfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg]sf] ;fy} ;+o'Qm cg'udgdf ;xefuL x'g] .

;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x, hg Pstf ;f= j=

!= a[Iff/f]k0f ug{ rflxg] la?jfsf] dfu ;+sng ug]{ .

@= lj?jf pTkfbg vl/b tyf pknAw u/fpgsf] ;fy} :yfgLo ?kdf 9'jfgL ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .

#= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qdf 5]sjf/ ug]{, Kjfsn vGg] / la?jf /f]Kg] sfddf clgjfo{ ;xefuL x'g] . $= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qsf] Joj:yfkg k|ljlws ;xof]udf cfkm} ug'{kg]{ .

%= lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no÷lhNnf jg sfof{non] ug]{ cg'udg sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpgsf] ;fy} ;d'xn] :jMcg'udg u/L k|ltj]bg lbg'kg]{ .

127 IEE of Sunkhani-Lamidanda-Kalinchok Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Dolakha v_ ;xof]uL ;+:yfsf] lhDd]jf/L tyf bfloTj lhNnf sfof{Gjog ;xof]u OsfO ÷lhNnf :t/Lo cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog OsfO, bf]nvf

!= a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{sf] nflu ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x, lhNnf jg sfof{no tyf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no;+u ;dGjo ug]{ .

@= la?jf pTkfbg÷9'jfgL tyf a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .

#= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf k|fljlws tyf ;+:yfut ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .

$= jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno Pjd\ ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno / cGt/utsf lgsfoaf6 a[Iff/f]k0f cg'udg ug{ cfPsf] 6f]nLnfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . u_ e'QmfgL ug]{ sfo{ ljlwM ;8s lgdf{0f s|ddf sfl6g] $# ?vx?sf] nflu !M@% cg'kftdf ul/g] Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f - !)&% ?vx?_ jfkt hDdf g] ?= !%$,!!@=)) lgDgfg';f/ pknAw u/fO{g] 5 .

!—klxnf] ls:tfM a[Iff/f]k0f tyf 3]/jf/ -fencing_ ug{ nfut cg'dfg cg';f/sf] /sd g] ? !#*,(##=)) ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x -;f=j=p=;=_ nfO{ lhNnf jg sfof{no dfkm{t pknAw u/fpg] .

@—bf]>f] ls:tfM a[Iff/f]k0f ul/;s] kl5 lj?jf afFr]sf] cfwf/df jg Joj:yfkg -uf]8d]n, xfFuf s6gL / k'gM/f]k0f ug{_ afFsL /sd g] ?= !%,!&(=)) ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xn] kfpg] u/L lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] /f]xj/df pknAw u/fpg]] . lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] k|fljlws sfof{nosf] tkm{ af6 tkm{ af6 tkm{ af6 x:tfIf/M x:tfIf/M x:tfIf/M gfdM gfdM gfdM kbM kbM kbM ldltM ldltM ldltM 5fkM 5fkM 5fkM

128 IEE of Sunkhani-Lamidanda-Kalinchok Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Dolakha

lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no / lhNnf jg sfof{no / ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] aLrdf

Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f -Compensatory Plantation_sfof{Gjog ug{ePsf] ;+Demf}tf -Agreement_kq s_ sfof{Gjog ug]{ ;+:yfsf] lhDd]jf/L tyf bfloTj lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no, bf]nvf != Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{ ug{sf] nfuLJoj:yfkg ug]{ h:t}, lj?jf pTkfbg÷9'jfgL ug]{, a[Iff/f]k0f ug]{ sfo{ cflb . a[Iff/f]k0f tyf 3]/jf/ -fencing_ ug{ nfut cg'dfg cg';f/sf] /sd - klxnf] ls:tf_ ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x -;f=j=p=;=_ nfO{ lhNnf jg sfof{no dfkm{t pknAw u/fpg] .

@= a[Iff/f]k0f ul/Psf] If]qsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf ;j} ;/f]sf/jfnfnfO{ ;xefuL u/fpg] .

@= ;f=j=p=;=n] u/]sf] sfdsf] cg'udg u/L lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{nodf k|utL k|ltj]bg k]z ug]{ .

#= a[Iff/f]k0fsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{nonfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg]sf] ;fy} ;+o'Qm cg'udgdf ;xefuL x'g] .

;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x, /fDr] ;Nn]/L ;f= j=

!= a[Iff/f]k0f ug{ rflxg] la?jfsf] dfu ;+sng ug]{ .

@= lj?jf pTkfbg vl/b tyf pknAw u/fpgsf] ;fy} :yfgLo ?kdf 9'jfgL ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .

#= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qdf 5]sjf/ ug]{, Kjfsn vGg] / la?jf /f]Kg] sfddf clgjfo{ ;xefuL x'g] . $= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qsf] Joj:yfkg k|ljlws ;xof]udf cfkm} ug'{kg]{ .

129 IEE of Sunkhani-Lamidanda-Kalinchok Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Dolakha

%= lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no÷lhNnf jg sfof{non] ug]{ cg'udg sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpgsf] ;fy} ;d'xn] :jMcg'udg u/L k|ltj]bg lbg'kg]{ . v_ ;xof]uL ;+:yfsf] lhDd]jf/L tyf bfloTj lhNnf sfof{Gjog ;xof]u OsfO ÷lhNnf :t/Lo cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog OsfO, bf]nvf

!= a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{sf] nflu ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x, lhNnf jg sfof{no tyf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no;+u ;dGjo ug]{ .

@= la?jf pTkfbg÷9'jfgL tyf a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .

#= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf k|fljlws tyf ;+:yfut ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .

$= jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno Pjd\ ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno / cGt/utsf lgsfoaf6 a[Iff/f]k0f cg'udg ug{ cfPsf] 6f]nLnfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . u_ e'QmfgL ug]{ sfo{ ljlwM ;8s lgdf{0f s|ddf sfl6g] $@ ?vx?sf] nflu !M@% cg'kftdf ul/g] Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f - !)%) ?vx?_ jfkt hDdf g] ?= !%),%@*=)) lgDgfg';f/ pknAw u/fO{g] 5 .

!—klxnf] ls:tfM a[Iff/f]k0f tyf 3]/jf/ -fencing_ ug{ nfut cg'dfg cg';f/sf] /sd g] ? !#%,&)@=)) ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x -;f=j=p=;=_ nfO{ lhNnf jg sfof{no dfkm{t pknAw u/fpg] .

@—bf]>f] ls:tfM a[Iff/f]k0f ul/;s] kl5 lj?jf afFr]sf] cfwf/df jg Joj:yfkg -uf]8d]n, xfFuf s6gL / k'gM/f]k0f ug{_ afFsL /sd g] ?= !$,*@^=)) ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xn] kfpg] u/L lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] /f]xj/df pknAw u/fpg]] . lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] k|fljlws sfof{nosf] tkm{ af6 tkm{ af6 tkm{ af6 x:tfIf/M x:tfIf/M x:tfIf/M gfdM gfdM gfdM kbM kbM kbM ldltM ldltM ldltM 5fkM 5fkM 5fkM

130 IEE of Sunkhani-Lamidanda-Kalinchok Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Dolakha

lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no / lhNnf jg sfof{no / ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] aLrdf

Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f -Compensatory Plantation_sfof{Gjog ug{ePsf] ;+Demf}tf -Agreement_kq s_ sfof{Gjog ug]{ ;+:yfsf] lhDd]jf/L tyf bfloTj lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no, bf]nvf != Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{ ug{sf] nfuL Joj:yfkg ug]{ h:t}, lj?jf pTkfbg÷9'jfgL ug]{, a[Iff/f]k0f ug]{ sfo{ cflb . a[Iff/f]k0f tyf 3]/jf/ -fencing_ ug{ nfut cg'dfg cg';f/sf] /sd - klxnf] ls:tf_ ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x -;f=j=p=;=_ nfO{ lhNnf jg sfof{no dfkm{t pknAw u/fpg] .

@= a[Iff/f]k0f ul/Psf] If]qsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf ;j} ;/f]sf/jfnfnfO{ ;xefuL u/fpg] .

@= ;f=j=p=;=n] u/]sf] sfdsf] cg'udg u/L lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{nodf k|utL k|ltj]bg k]z ug]{ .

#= a[Iff/f]k0fsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{nonfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg]sf] ;fy} ;+o'Qm cg'udgdf ;xefuL x'g] .

;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x, lxn]kfgL ;f= j=

!= a[Iff/f]k0f ug{ rflxg] la?jfsf] dfu ;+sng ug]{ .

@= lj?jf pTkfbg vl/b tyf pknAw u/fpgsf] ;fy} :yfgLo ?kdf 9'jfgL ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . #= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qdf 5]sjf/ ug]{, Kjfsn vGg] / la?jf /f]Kg] sfddf clgjfo{ ;xefuL x'g] . $= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qsf] Joj:yfkg k|ljlws ;xof]udf cfkm} ug'{kg]{ . %= lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no÷lhNnf jg sfof{non] ug]{ cg'udg sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpgsf] ;fy} ;d'xn] :jMcg'udg u/L k|ltj]bg lbg'kg]{ .

131 IEE of Sunkhani-Lamidanda-Kalinchok Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Dolakha v_ ;xof]uL ;+:yfsf] lhDd]jf/L tyf bfloTj lhNnf sfof{Gjog ;xof]u OsfO ÷lhNnf :t/Lo cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog OsfO, bf]nvf != a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{sf] nflu ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x, lhNnf jg sfof{no tyf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no;+u ;dGjo ug]{ .

@= la?jf pTkfbg÷9'jfgL tyf a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .

#= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf k|fljlws tyf ;+:yfut ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .

$= jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno Pjd\ ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno / cGt/utsf lgsfoaf6 a[Iff/f]k0f cg'udg ug{ cfPsf] 6f]nLnfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . u_ e'QmfgL ug]{ sfo{ ljlwM ;8s lgdf{0f s|ddf sfl6g] !) ?vx?sf] nflu !M@% cg'kftdf ul/g] Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f - @%) ?vx?_ jfkt hDdf g] ?= #%,*$)=)) lgDgfg';f/ pknAw u/fO{g] 5 .

!—klxnf] ls:tfM a[Iff/f]k0f tyf 3]/jf/ -fencing_ ug{ nfut cg'dfg cg';f/sf] /sd g] ? #@,#!)=)) ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x -;f=j=p=;=_ nfO{ lhNnf jg sfof{no dfkm{t pknAw u/fpg] .

@—bf]>f] ls:tfM a[Iff/f]k0f ul/;s] kl5 lj?jf afFr]sf] cfwf/df jg Joj:yfkg -uf]8d]n, xfFuf s6gL / k'gM/f]k0f ug{_ afFsL /sd g] ?= #,%#)=)) ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xn] kfpg] u/L lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] /f]xj/df pknAw u/fpg]] . lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] k|fljlws sfof{nosf] tkm{ af6 tkm{ af6 tkm{ af6 x:tfIf/M x:tfIf/M x:tfIf/M gfdM gfdM gfdM kbM kbM kbM ldltM ldltM ldltM 5fkM 5fkM 5fkM

132 IEE of Sunkhani-Lamidanda-Kalinchok Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Dolakha

Appendix 8d: Plantation Plan in District A. Compensatory plantation Requirements for plantation activities 1) Coordination with DFO - Meeting will be held with DFO and CFUGs to discuss about the plantation management 2) Agreement with DFO/CFUGs/DCC - Agreement will be done with DFO and DCC/DTO for the compensatory plantation 3) Managing planting stock - Nursery establishment and operation . From DFO/CFUG nursery . From private nursery owner from districts . Fruit trees in private land - Horticulture farms in districts. 4) Identification and survey of plantation area - Plantation area will be identified by DFO and survey will be done. 5) Fencing - Fencing will be done by concerned DFO/CFUG. 6) Pitting - Pits of 45cmx30cm x 30cm size will be dug. 7) Transportation of seedlings - From nursery to the planting sites 8) Planting - It will be done by the DFO/CFUGs in the starting of monsoon 9) Weeding - After the monsoon season, weeding is done to reduce the competition by weeds. 10) Survival count - Before winter starts, survival of the plantation will be done for casualty replacement before next monsoon.

Plan of Action for Plantation in CF Activities March April May 18 June July 18 Aug 18 Sep 18 Oct 18 18 18 18 Agreement with DFO/CFUG/ DCC Managing planting stock Survey of plantation area Fencing Pitting Transportation of seedlings Planting Weeding Survival count

B. Roadside plantation 1) Coordination with local communities, rural municiplity and DFO - Meeting will be held with concerned local communities, RM and DFO to discuss about the plantation management 2) Agreement with concerned stakeholders - Agreement will be done with concerned local communities, RM and DFO for the road side plantation 3) Managing planting stock - Nursery establishment and operation . From DFO nursery . From private nursery owner from districts . Fruit trees in private land - Horticulture farms in districts. 4) Identification and survey of plantation area - Plantation area will be identified by concerned local communities, RM, and DFO and survey will be done. 5) Fencing - Fencing will be done by concerned local communities, RM and DFO. 6) Pitting - Pits of appropriate size will be dug depending on species 7) Transportation of seedlings - From nursery to the planting sites 8) Planting - It will be done in the starting of monsoon 9) Weeding - After the monsoon season, weeding is done to reduce the competition by weeds.

133 IEE of Sunkhani-Lamidanda-Kalinchok Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Dolakha

10) Survival count - before winter starts, survival of the plantation will be done for casualty replacement before next monsoon.

Plan of Action for Roadside Plantation Activities March April May 18 June July 18 Aug 18 Sep 18 Oct 18 18 18 18 Agreement with DFO/CFUG/ DCC Managing planting stock Survey of plantation area Fencing Pitting Transportation of seedlings Planting Weeding Survival count

134 IEE of Sunkhani-Lamidanda-Kalinchok Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Dolakha

Annex 9: project cost Appendix 9a: Abstract of Costs

Package 1 Pay Amount Item Description Unit Quantity Rate (NRs.) (NRs.) No. 1 General

1.1 Insurance of works, plants, materials, loss and damage to equipments, Contractor's workmen and employees and third party insurance against damage to other L.S. 1.00 7,000,000.00 7,000,000.00 persons and property as per GCC clause 13. 1.2 Provide site office at mid-section of the road having rooms size: 3m*4m each at location acceptable to the project manager within the contract package with month 18.00 30,000.00 540,000.00 accommodation facilities as specified in special provision 1.3 Carry out additional tests for material and works as required and instructed by the PS 1.00 200,000.00 200,000.00 Engineer.(GCC Clause No. 33.1) 1.4 Relocation of the utilities (water supply, telephone, etc,) and services as instructed by the Engineer as per DoLIDAR-Technical Specifications for Labour Based PS 1.00 400,000.00 400,000.00 Construction Work of Agricultural & Rural Roads (Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR Clause No. G-10. 1.5 Carry out maintenance of the existing road to keep the road serviceable throughout the contract period. Also provide and maintain traffic safety, control measures and month 18.00 38,000.00 684,000.00 temporary diversions during construction including water spraying thrice a week to avoid dust pollution as per DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR Clause No. G-12. 1.6 Supply and provide rental Four Wheel Drive Double cap Pickup Vehicle with full option including fuel, driver'wages, major & minor maintenances etc for the month 18.00 150,000.00 2,700,000.00 Engineer for supervision works as specified 1.7 Provide and installation of project information board of size 1.80 mx1.2 m along with iron posts including excavation, concreting, backfilling etc all complete as per No. 3.00 10,000.00 30,000.00 DoR Standard Specification for Road and Bridge Works (SSRBW) July 2001,Section-108

135 IEE of Sunkhani-Lamidanda-Kalinchok Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Dolakha

Pay Amount Item Description Unit Quantity Rate (NRs.) (NRs.) No. 1.8 Provision and maintenance of labour camps payable monthly in equal instalments as per DoR Standard Specification for Road and Bridge Works (SSRBW) July month 18.00 20,000.00 360,000.00 2001,Section-109 (3) 1.9 Establish, maintain and operate labaratory at the site with equipments furnishing required for testing specified quality of the materials as per DoR-SSRBW, Section- month 18.00 20,000.00 360,000.00 511 1.10 Environmental Mitigation Works as per EMP and as Instructed by the P.S. 1.00 300,000.00 300,000.00 Engineer(DOR Section 109) 1.11 Social Compiliance and safegaurds as per Resettlement Action Plan and GESI and P.S. 1.00 150,000.00 150,000.00 as instructed by the Engineer(DOR Section 109) Sub-Total 12,724,000.00

2 Site Clearance

2.1 Site Clearance : Clearing and Grubbing including cutting of all types of plants as per DoLIDAR-Technical Specifcations for Labour Based Construction of Agricultural 64,000.0 m2 21.56 1,379,705.60 and Rural Raods (Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR) Clause No.: 1-1.5(a), 1-1.5(b) & 1- 0 1.6 Sub-Total 1,379,705.60

3 Earthworks

3.1 Excavation in roadway and drain in all types of soil and rock materials including 73,936.3 removal and satisfactory disposal of all materials at approved environmentally safe m3 122.01 9,021,162.24 6 tipping area as per DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR Clause No. 2-1 3.2 Excavation in foundation in structure in all types of soil materials including removal and satisfactory disposal of all materials at approved environmentally safe tipping m3 6,025.85 226.21 1,363,099.94 area as per DoLIdar-Tech. Spec, for LBCWARR Clause No. 2-5 3.3 Construction of embankments, shoulders and other miscellaneous filling and backfilling in structure with approved materials as per design and drawing as per m3 5,488.24 99.97 548,646.26 DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR Clause No.2-5 3.4 Transportation of material beyond the initial lead within 1 km distance with safe 70,633.8 m4 50.26 3,550,024.15 disposal sites as instructed by the engineer. 3 Sub-Total 14,482,932.58

4 Structural/ Side Drain/Cross Drainage Works

Stone Masonry

136 IEE of Sunkhani-Lamidanda-Kalinchok Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Dolakha

Pay Amount Item Description Unit Quantity Rate (NRs.) (NRs.) No. 4.1 Supply & place un-coursed random rubble stone masonry works in MM 5 cement sand mortar in the line & level all complete stone masonry work including full compensation for all labour, materials and other incidentals required to complete 13,080.6 m3 6,057.95 79,241,786.28 the work as per the specifications and drawings. It includes full compensation for 3 using specially dressed stones on the face of wall with batter and provisions for weep hole as necessary as per DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR Clause No. 8 Sub-Total 79,241,786.28

Gabion Works

4.2 Supply machine made fabrication of gabion boxes of different sizes with hexagonal mesh size of 100 mm x 120 mm including rolling, cutting and weaving (mesh wire 3.0 mm, selvedge wire 3.9 mm, binding wire 2.4 mm, all heavy zinc coated m3 7,601.53 3,937.01 29,927,309.22 wires),assembling, placing in position, packing and filling of gabion create with rubble stone and tying by 2.4 mm binding wires all complete as per DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR Clause No. 17-1.4, 17-5 & 17-6 4.3 Provide and place Geo-textile all complete as per drawing and specifications as per m2 5,904.80 162.75 961,032.26 (DOR-SSRBW Section No.: 2404) Sub-Total 30,888,341.48

5 Cross Drainage, Side Drainage and Protection

Plain and Reinforced Cement Concrete

5.1 Supply & place P.C.C. works M 10/20 as per DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR m3 365.26 8,717.56 3,184,154.73 Clause No. 11 5.2 Supply & place P.C.C. works M 15/20 as per DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR m3 4.04 11,009.08 44,492.10 Clause No. 11 5.3 Supply & place P.C.C. works M 20/20 as per DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR m3 120.00 13,450.88 1,614,105.03 Clause No. 11 5.4 Supply & place P.C.C. works M 25/20 as per DOR-SSRBW,July 2001,Section 2000 m3 147.76 16,659.54 2,461,679.70 5.5 Supply and place formwork for concrete works with all complete as per DoLIDAR- m2 671.56 686.04 460,718.72 Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR Clause No. 9 5.6 Supply & place TMT high tensile strength steel reinforcement of specified grade ( Fe 500) for RCC works including bending, centring & binding in position as per T 37.21 106,290.70 3,954,549.61 DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR Clause No. 10

137 IEE of Sunkhani-Lamidanda-Kalinchok Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Dolakha

Pay Amount Item Description Unit Quantity Rate (NRs.) (NRs.) No. 5.7 Supply, Laying, fitting and fixing of hume pipe class NP3. It includes all operations required to complete the work and the jointing of pipes with 1:2 cement sand mortar

as per DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR Clause No. 15-5 and 15-6 a 450mm (for irrigation purpose) rm 90.00 6,350.77 571,569.19 b 600mm rm 195.00 7,375.49 1,438,220.67 c 900mm rm 195.00 13,864.25 2,703,528.06 5.8 Supply & place100 mm Dia. HDPE Pipe (6 kg/cm2) for weep hole as per Nepal rm 274.00 545.49 149,465.24 Standard & directed by Engineer 5.9 Supply & place Heavy Duty Steel pipe (Dia 50 mm) for railing as per Nepal rm 29.60 320.84 9,497.00 Standard & directed by the Engineer 5.10 Backfilling works with approved soil materials with compaction as per DoLIDAR- m3 3,391.50 1,177.58 3,993,760.94 Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR Clause No-2.5.4 5.11 Supply and Place graded filter in backfilling in structures and cross drainage works m3 448.64 1,837.67 824,451.47 as per (DOR-SSRBW Section No.: 2404,3110) Sub-Total 21,410,192.47

6 Pavement Works

6.1 Preparation of subgrade for rehabilitation works as per DoR-SSRBW (Standard 90,570.0 m2 15.88 1,438,183.48 Specification for Road & Bridge Works, 2001) SECTION No.1003 7 6.2 Providing, laying, spreading, watering, leveling and compaction of natural sand 10,566.8 gravel sub base grading as specified and according to the designed camber all m3 1,841.92 19,463,262.65 3 complete as per DoR-SSRBW SECTION No. 1201 6.3 Providing, laying, spreading, watering, leveling and compaction of capping layer of approved materials according to the designed camber all complete asper DoR- m3 498.20 1,543.16 768,806.45 SSRBW, Section 1004 6.4 Supplying and preparing 20 cm thick stone pitching work on the prepared granular m3 575.60 1,806.80 1,039,992.42 bedding with stone available at site 6.5 Providing, laying, spreading, watering, leveling and compaction of 12 cm thick natural sand gravel sub base grading for cobble pavement as specified and m3 3,616.28 1,841.92 6,660,900.06 according to the designed camber all complete as per DoR-SSRBW SECTION No. 1201 6.6 Supplying and preparation of 5 cm thick granular material and sand with mixing red 30,135.6 m2 70.34 2,119,615.74 soil and spreading in layer, watering, compacting and all complete. 7

138 IEE of Sunkhani-Lamidanda-Kalinchok Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Dolakha

Pay Amount Item Description Unit Quantity Rate (NRs.) (NRs.) No. 6.7 Supplying and construction of 8 cm thick coble pavement ( Breaked Coble ) on the prepared granular material bedding with spreading the spall/ Granular material and m3 2,410.85 938.92 2,263,587.40 compacting with Steel Roller with all complete 6.8 Breaking and supplying of rock for cobble manually and chiesel dressing it in the 8 m3 2,410.85 1,356.71 3,270,821.91 cm sizes with all complete Sub-Total 37,025,170.11

7 Road Furniture/Traffic Sign Boards

7.3 Supplying and placing standard RCC kilometer post (place at each km) all complete including painting, and writing etc. all complete as per specification and Nos. 3.00 2,729.49 8,188.48 drawings (DOR-SSRBW SECTION No. 1501) 7.4 Supplying and placing standard RCC kilometer post (place at 5km interval ) all complete including painting, and writing etc. all complete as per specification and Nos. 14.00 6,100.54 85,407.49 drawings (DOR-SSRBW SECTIONNo. 1501) 7.5 Supplying and fixing in place R.C.C.delineater and guard post including excavation,paintng,and erectionetc. all complete as final drawing (DOR-SSRBW Nos. 3,125.00 1,208.84 3,777,635.96 SECTION No. 1504) 7.1 Supplying and erecting traffic sign in place including 50 mm dia steel tube, 2mm thick steel plate, cement concrete, painting, writing and supporting steel angle nut and bolt etc complete as per DoR-SSRBW SECTION No. 1501) a 60 cm dia circular, 60 cm equilateral triangle and 60 x 45 cm rectangular shaped Nos. 90.00 1,627.29 146,455.96 sign (Single post) b 1.2m x 0.75 m size bigger traffic sign with back support and two or more post Nos. 70.00 3,247.99 227,359.32 Sub-Total 4,245,047.22

8 Bio-engineering Work

8.1 13,250.0 Slope trimming work DoLIDAR : 4 Spec.Clause No.: 2-1.3.2,2-1.8 and 2-1.95 m2 62.79 831,967.50 0 8.2 Construction of Rip-rap drain with the stone pitching work of 20 cm thick and 1.2 m rm 800.00 481.81 385,446.10 wide as per DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR Clause No. 8 8.3 Dry stone check/toe walls for segmentation and support of slopes DoLIDAR Tech. m3 582.40 2,540.93 1,479,837.95 Spec. clause No. 8

139 IEE of Sunkhani-Lamidanda-Kalinchok Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Dolakha

Pay Amount Item Description Unit Quantity Rate (NRs.) (NRs.) No. 8.4 Brush layering work: including preparation of terraces of 30 - 40 cm wide and laying live cuttings of selected Species along the terrace @ 5 cm c/c with 2/3 of cuttings in to terrace and leaving one bud and up to 1/3 of the cuttings sticking beyond the rm 2,000.00 100.28 200,569.78 terrace edge ( Cutting can be of assuro,simali etc of 45 - 60 m length) DoLIDAR Spec.Clause no.70-6.7 b 8.5 Planting rooted grass slips on slopes < 45˚ including preparation of slips on site. Operation includes digging planting holes to a maximum of 5 cm depth with metal 13,250.0 m2 198.90 2,635,401.81 or hardwood peg, depending on nature of soil. The planting drills should be spaced 0 10 cm apart as per Bio engineering information of DOR 8.6 Planting containerised tree and shrub seedlings, including pitting, transplanting, composting and placing tree guards, on toe of embankment slopes in plain areas, not less than 8 m from the road centre line. Pit size 30 cm diameter×30 cm depth. Nos. 884.00 59.08 52,227.83 Compost volume ⅟₄ of the volume of pit, mixed with original soil as per Bio engineering information of DOR Sub-Total 5,585,450.96

9 Day works

9.1 Supply of labour as required as per preamble and as instructed by the Engineer.

b) Skilled labour day 150 640.00 96,000.00 c) Unskilled labour day 400 455.00 182,000.00 9.2 Supply of excavator for maintenance of road as required and instructed by engineer hr 180 1,000.00 180,000.00 Sub-Total 458,000.00

Total Base Cost 207,440,626.71

13% VAT 26,967,281.47

Sub Total 234,407,908.18

Per Km Cost (excluding VAT, day works and Contingencies) 14,650,494.26

Work Charge Staff and Small Miscellaneous Expenses @ 3.0% 6,223,218.80

Physical Contingengy @10% 20,744,062.67

Grand Total 261,375,189.66

140 IEE of Sunkhani-Lamidanda-Kalinchok Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Dolakha

Package 2 Pay Amount Item Description Unit Quantity Rate (NRs.) (NRs.) No. 1 General

1.1 Insurance of works, plants, materials, loss and damage to equipments, Contractor's workmen and employees and third party insurance against damage to other L.S. 1.00 600,000.00 600,000.00 persons and property as per GCC clause 13. 1.2 Provide site office at mid-section of the road having rooms size: 3m*4m each at location acceptable to the project manager within the contract package with month 18.00 30,000.00 540,000.00 accommodation facilities as specified in special provision 1.3 Carry out additional tests for material and works as required and instructed by the PS 1.00 200,000.00 200,000.00 Engineer.(GCC Clause No. 33.1) 1.4 Relocation of the utilities (water supply, telephone, etc,) and services as instructed by the Engineer as per DoLIDAR-Technical Specifications for Labour Based PS 1.00 300,000.00 300,000.00 Construction Work of Agricultural & Rural Roads (Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR Clause No. G-10. 1.5 Carry out maintenance of the existing road to keep the road serviceable throughout the contract period. Also provide and maintain traffic safety, control measures and month 18.00 38,000.00 684,000.00 temporary diversions during construction including water spraying thrice a week to avoid dust pollution as per DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR Clause No. G-12. 1.6 Provide and installation of project information board of size 1.80 mx1.2 m along with iron posts including excavation, concreting, backfilling etc all complete as per No. 3.00 10,000.00 30,000.00 DoR Standard Specification for Road and Bridge Works (SSRBW) July 2001,Section-108 1.7 Provision and maintenance of labour camps payable monthly in equal instalments as per DoR Standard Specification for Road and Bridge Works (SSRBW) July month 18.00 20,000.00 360,000.00 2001,Section-109 (3) 1.8 Establish, maintain and operate labaratory at the site with equipments furnishing required for testing specified quality of the materials as per DoR-SSRBW, Section- month 18.00 20,000.00 360,000.00 511 1.9 Environmental Mitigation Works as per EMP and as Instructed by the P.S. 1.00 300,000.00 300,000.00 Engineer(DOR Section 109)

141 IEE of Sunkhani-Lamidanda-Kalinchok Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Dolakha

Pay Amount Item Description Unit Quantity Rate (NRs.) (NRs.) No. 1.10 Social Compiliance and safegaurds as per Resettlement Action Plan and GESI and P.S. 1.00 150,000.00 150,000.00 as instructed by the Engineer(DOR Section 109) Sub-Total 3,524,000.00

2 Site Clearance

2.1 Site Clearance : Clearing and Grubbing including cutting of all types of plants as per DoLIDAR-Technical Specifcations for Labour Based Construction of Agricultural 45,493.0 m2 21.56 980,735.27 and Rural Raods (Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR) Clause No.: 1-1.5(a), 1-1.5(b) & 1- 8 1.6 Sub-Total 980,735.27

3 Earthworks

3.1 Excavation in roadway and drain in all types of soil and rock materials including 47,590.5 removal and satisfactory disposal of all materials at approved environmentally safe m3 82.33 3,918,264.67 7 tipping area as per DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR Clause No. 2-1 3.2 Excavation in foundation in structure in all types of soil materials including removal and satisfactory disposal of all materials at approved environmentally safe tipping m3 5,124.28 163.46 837,631.61 area as per DoLIdar-Tech. Spec, for LBCWARR Clause No. 2-5 3.3 Construction of embankments, shoulders and other miscellaneous filling and backfilling in structure with approved materials as per design and drawing as per m3 5,054.96 99.97 505,332.64 DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR Clause No.2-5 3.4 Transportation of material beyond the initial lead within 1 km distance with safe 44,138.8 m4 50.26 2,218,396.13 disposal sites as instructed by the engineer. 0 Sub-Total 7,479,625.05

4 Structural/ Side Drain/Cross Drainage Works

Stone Masonry

4.1 Supply & place un-coursed random rubble stone masonry works in MM 5 cement sand mortar in the line & level all complete stone masonry work including full compensation for all labour, materials and other incidentals required to complete m3 9,675.42 6,068.70 58,717,263.71 the work as per the specifications and drawings. It includes full compensation for using specially dressed stones on the face of wall with batter and provisions for weep hole as necessary as per DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR Clause No. 8 Sub-Total 58,717,263.71

Gabion Works

142 IEE of Sunkhani-Lamidanda-Kalinchok Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Dolakha

Pay Amount Item Description Unit Quantity Rate (NRs.) (NRs.) No. 4.2 Supply machine made fabrication of gabion boxes of different sizes with hexagonal mesh size of 100 mm x 120 mm including rolling, cutting and weaving (mesh wire 3.0 mm, selvedge wire 3.9 mm, binding wire 2.4 mm, all heavy zinc coated m3 8,705.49 3,940.64 34,305,181.45 wires),assembling, placing in position, packing and filling of gabion create with rubble stone and tying by 2.4 mm binding wires all complete as per DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR Clause No. 17-1.4, 17-5 & 17-6 4.3 Provide and place Geo-textile all complete as per drawing and specifications as per m2 7,296.80 163.07 1,189,882.24 (DOR-SSRBW Section No.: 2404) Sub-Total 35,495,063.69

5 Cross Drainage, Side Drainage and Protection

Plain and Reinforced Cement Concrete

5.1 Supply & place P.C.C. works M 10/20 as per DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR m3 309.18 8,709.65 2,692,818.43 Clause No. 11 5.2 Supply & place P.C.C. works M 15/20 as per DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR m3 15.85 11,030.71 174,847.78 Clause No. 11 5.3 Supply & place P.C.C. works M 20/20 as per DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR m3 90.00 13,493.80 1,214,441.97 Clause No. 11 5.4 Supply & place P.C.C. works M 25/20 as per DOR-SSRBW,July 2001,Section 2000 m3 93.02 16,712.45 1,554,652.87 5.5 Supply and place formwork for concrete works with all complete as per DoLIDAR- m2 572.50 686.13 392,808.67 Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR Clause No. 9 5.6 Supply & place TMT high tensile strength steel reinforcement of specified grade ( Fe 500) for RCC works including bending, centring & binding in position as per T 35.72 106,568.62 3,807,057.42 DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR Clause No. 10 5.7 Supply, Laying, fitting and fixing of hume pipe class NP3. It includes all operations required to complete the work and the jointing of pipes with 1:2 cement sand mortar

as per DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR Clause No. 15-5 and 15-6 a 450mm (for irrigation purpose) rm 60.00 6,461.78 387,706.79 b 600mm rm 90.00 7,485.99 673,739.19 c 900mm rm 217.50 14,001.05 3,045,229.14 5.8 Supply & place100 mm Dia. HDPE Pipe (6 kg/cm2) for weep hole as per Nepal rm 294.00 545.57 160,397.46 Standard & directed by Engineer

143 IEE of Sunkhani-Lamidanda-Kalinchok Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Dolakha

Pay Amount Item Description Unit Quantity Rate (NRs.) (NRs.) No. 5.9 Supply & place Heavy Duty Steel pipe (Dia 50 mm) for railing as per Nepal rm 296.00 321.87 95,273.66 Standard & directed by the Engineer 5.10 Backfilling works with approved soil materials with compaction as per DoLIDAR- m3 3,131.24 1,177.58 3,687,280.19 Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR Clause No-2.5.4 5.11 Supply and Place graded filter in backfilling in structures and cross drainage works m3 389.85 1,894.44 738,541.59 as per (DOR-SSRBW Section No.: 2404,3110) Sub-Total 18,624,795.16

6 Pavement Works

6.1 Preparation of subgrade for rehabilitation works as per DoR-SSRBW (Standard 63,748.4 m2 15.88 1,012,275.87 Specification for Road & Bridge Works, 2001) SECTION No.1003 0 6.2 Providing, laying, spreading, watering, leveling and compaction of natural sand gravel sub base grading as specified and according to the designed camber all m3 7,616.84 1,907.98 14,532,805.75 complete as per DoR-SSRBW SECTION No. 1201 6.3 Providing, laying, spreading, watering, leveling and compaction of capping layer of approved materials according to the designed camber all complete asper DoR- m3 912.83 1,599.93 1,460,473.05 SSRBW, Section 1004 6.4 Supplying and preparing 20 cm thick stone pitching work on the prepared granular m3 391.86 1,819.70 713,071.99 bedding with stone available at site 6.5 Providing, laying, spreading, watering, leveling and compaction of 12 cm thick natural sand gravel sub base grading for cobble pavement as specified and m3 2,426.83 1,907.98 4,630,348.93 according to the designed camber all complete as per DoR-SSRBW SECTION No. 1201 6.6 Supplying and preparation of 5 cm thick granular material and sand with mixing red 20,223.5 m2 67.83 1,371,684.21 soil and spreading in layer, watering, compacting and all complete. 8 6.7 Supplying and construction of 8 cm thick coble pavement ( Breaked Coble ) on the prepared granular material bedding with spreading the spall/ Granular material and m3 1,617.89 951.82 1,539,933.65 compacting with Steel Roller with all complete 6.8 Breaking and supplying of rock for cobble manually and chiesel dressing it in the 8 m3 1,617.89 1,305.10 2,111,496.54 cm sizes with all complete Sub-Total 27,372,089.99

7 Road Furniture/Traffic Sign Boards

144 IEE of Sunkhani-Lamidanda-Kalinchok Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Dolakha

Pay Amount Item Description Unit Quantity Rate (NRs.) (NRs.) No. 7.3 Supplying and placing standard RCC kilometer post (place at each km) all complete including painting, and writing etc. all complete as per specification and Nos. 2.00 2,732.21 5,464.42 drawings (DOR-SSRBW SECTION No. 1501) 7.4 Supplying and placing standard RCC kilometer post (place at 5km interval ) all complete including painting, and writing etc. all complete as per specification and Nos. 10.00 6,104.90 61,049.02 drawings (DOR-SSRBW SECTIONNo. 1501) 7.5 Supplying and fixing in place R.C.C.delineater and guard post including excavation,paintng,and erectionetc. all complete as final drawing (DOR-SSRBW Nos. 2,350.00 1,210.96 2,845,766.69 SECTION No. 1504) 7.1 Supplying and erecting traffic sign in place including 50 mm dia steel tube, 2mm thick steel plate, cement concrete, painting, writing and supporting steel angle nut and bolt etc complete as per DoR-SSRBW SECTION No. 1501) a 60 cm dia circular, 60 cm equilateral triangle and 60 x 45 cm rectangular shaped Nos. 70.00 1,631.03 114,172.10 sign (Single post) b 1.2m x 0.75 m size bigger traffic sign with back support and two or more post Nos. 44.00 3,253.20 143,140.92 Sub-Total 3,169,593.15

8 Bio-engineering Work

8.1 Slope trimming work DoLIDAR : 4 Spec.Clause No.: 2-1.3.2,2-1.8 and 2-1.95 m2 400.00 62.79 25,116.00 8.2 Construction of Rip-rap drain with the stone pitching work of 20 cm thick and 1.2 m rm 100.00 481.81 48,180.76 wide as per DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR Clause No. 8 8.3 Dry stone check/toe walls for segmentation and support of slopes DoLIDAR Tech. m3 582.40 2,540.93 1,479,837.95 Spec. clause No. 8 8.4 Brush layering work: including preparation of terraces of 30 - 40 cm wide and laying live cuttings of selected Species along the terrace @ 5 cm c/c with 2/3 of cuttings in to terrace and leaving one bud and up to 1/3 of the cuttings sticking beyond the rm 500.00 100.28 50,142.44 terrace edge ( Cutting can be of assuro,simali etc of 45 - 60 m length) DoLIDAR Spec.Clause no.70-6.7 b

145 IEE of Sunkhani-Lamidanda-Kalinchok Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Dolakha

Pay Amount Item Description Unit Quantity Rate (NRs.) (NRs.) No. 8.5 Planting rooted grass slips on slopes < 45˚ including preparation of slips on site. Operation includes digging planting holes to a maximum of 5 cm depth with metal 2 or hardwood peg, depending on nature of soil. The planting drills should be spaced m 400.00 198.90 79,559.30 10 cm apart as per Bio engineering information of DOR 8.6 Planting containerised tree and shrub seedlings, including pitting, transplanting, composting and placing tree guards, on toe of embankment slopes in plain areas, not less than 8 m from the road centre line. Pit size 30 cm diameter×30 cm depth. Nos. 27.00 59.08 1,595.19 Compost volume ⅟₄ of the volume of pit, mixed with original soil as per Bio engineering information of DOR Sub-Total 1,684,431.65

9 Day works

9.1 Supply of labour as required as per preamble and as instructed by the Engineer.

Total Base Cost 157,505,597.66

13% VAT 20,475,727.70

Sub Total 177,981,325.36

Per Km Cost (Including Base Cost and VAT) 15,649,461.48

Work Charge Staff and Small Miscellaneous Expenses @ 3.0% 4,725,167.93

Physical Contingengy @10% 15,750,559.77

Grand Total 198,457,053.06

146 IEE of Sunkhani-Lamidanda-Kalinchok Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Dolakha

Appendix 9b: Total Project cost

SN Particulars Amount (NRs.) 1 Environmental Management Cost 1.1 Environmental/conservation awareness program 250,000.00 1.2 Tourism promotion awareness (A three days homestay management training to 15 people from project area) 150,000.00 1.3 Hoarding boards at road site for awareness about important wildlife and their conservation. 190,000.00 1.4 Compensatory plantation & protection cost for trees on CF 340,480.00 1.5 Roadside plantation 350,000.00 1.6 Solid waste collection bins at active construction sites and camps 60,000.00 1.7 Environmental monitoring cost 200,000.00 Sub-total (I) 1,540,480.00 2 Other environmental cost (included in civil works cost ) 2.1 Contractor's workmen and employees and third party insurance against damage to other persons and property 1,300,000.00 (Ref Appendix 9a, item 1.1, both packages) 2.2 Relocation of Utilities (water supply and telephone poles) (Ref Appendix 9 a, item 1.4, both packages) 1,080,000.00 2.3 Maintenance of existing road, providing and maintaining traffic safety, control measures and temporary diversions during construction including water spraying thrice a week to avoid dust pollution. (Ref Appendix 9 a, item 1.5, 1,368,000.00 both packages) 2.4 Labour camp maintenance (Ref Appendix 9 a, package 1 item 1.8 and package 2 item 1.7) 720,000.00 2.5 Environmental Mitigation Works (Ref Appendix 9 a,Package 1 item 1.9 and Package 2 item 1.10) 600,000.00 2.6 Social Compliance and Safeguard (Ref Appendix 9 a,Package 1 item 1.10 and Package 2 item 1.11) 300,000.00 2.7 Spoil Disposal (Ref Appendix 9 a, item 3.4 both packages) 2,573,420.28 2.8 Bioengineering and landslide retention (Ref Appendix 9 a, item 7 both packages) 4,186,148.48 2.9 Installation of traffic signals (Ref Appendix 9 a, item 6.4, both packages) 631,128.30 Subtotal II 12,758,697.06 3 Civil Work Cost 3.1 Total Civil Cost (Including VAT and Contingencies) 459,832,242.72 3.2 Other environmental cost included in civil works cost as given in SN 2 12,758,697.06 3.3 Civil excluding other environmental cost (Subtotal III) 447,073,545.66

147 IEE of Sunkhani-Lamidanda-Kalinchok Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Dolakha

SN Particulars Amount (NRs.) 4 Outstanding Resettlement Cost/ As per Due Diligence Report 4.1 Compensation of new plots 960,975.00 4.2 Deed transfer assistance and fees 231,000.00 4.3 Income generation and livelihood improvement training 92,800.00 4.4 Contingency (20%) 257,155.00 Subtotal IV 1,542,930.00 5 Gender Equality and Social Inclusion Plan Cost 5.1 Capacity Development Training 50,000.00 5.2 Awareness Campaign on WASH and Psycho-social Counseling Program 50,000.00 Subtotal V 100,000.00 Total Project Cost (I+II+III+IV+V) 463,014,652.72

148 IEE of Sunkhani-Lamidanda-Kalinchok Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Dolakha

Annex 10: Grievance Redress Mechanism

Sample Grievance Intake Form Name of Sub-project Project ______welcomes complaints, suggestions, comments and queries regarding the project implementation and its stakeholders. We encourage persons with grievance to provide their name and contact information to enable us to get in touch with you for clarification and feedback.

Should you choose to include your personal details but want that information to remain confidential, please inform us by writing/typing "(CONFIDENTIAL)" above your name.

Thank you.

Contact Information Name Gender Male Female Home Address Age Phone No City/District Complaint/Suggestion/Comment/Question Please provide the details(who ,what where and how) of your grievance below:

How do you want us to reach you for feedback or update on your comment/grievance?

Portion to be filled in by the staff: Date received: Received through: Name of Staff who receive comment/complaint Position of staff: Type of Grievance; Remarks Signature of Staff

Update on the case: Date: Update

149 IEE of Sunkhani-Lamidanda-Kalinchok Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Dolakha

Annex 11: Environmental and Social Monitoring Report Outline The level of detail and comprehensiveness of a monitoring report is commensurate with the complexity and significance of social and environmental impacts. A safeguard monitoring report may include the following elements: (a) Background/context of the monitoring report (adequate information on the project, including physical progress of project activities, scope of monitoring report, reporting period, and the monitoring requirements including frequency of submission as agreed upon); (b) Changes in project scope and adjusted safeguard measures, if applicable; (c) Qualitative and quantitative monitoring data; (d) Monitoring parameters/indicators and methods based on the monitoring plan/program previously agreed upon with ADB; (e) Monitoring results compared against previously established benchmarks and compliance status (e.g., national environmental emission and ambient standards and/or standards set out in the World Bank Group’s Environmental, Health and Safety Guidelines guidelines; timeliness and adequacy of environmental mitigation measures; involuntary resettlement compensation rates and timeliness of payments, adequacy and timeliness of involuntary resettlement rehabilitation measures including serviced housing sites, house reconstruction, livelihood support measures, and training; budget for implementing environment management plan (EMP), resettlement plan,, timeliness and adequacy of capacity building, etc.); (f) Monitoring results compared against the objectives of safeguards or desired outcomes documented (e.g. involuntary resettlement impacts avoided or minimized; livelihood restored or enhanced; environmental impacts avoided or minimized, etc.); (g) If noncompliance or any major gaps identified, include a corrective action plan; (h) Records on disclosure of monitoring information to affected communities; (i) Identification of key issues, or complaints from affected people, or recommendations for improvement; (j) Monitoring adjustment measures recommended based on monitoring experience/trends and stakeholders response; (k) Information about actual institutional arrangement for implementing the monitoring program/plan provided or adjusted, as may be required; (l) Proposed items of focus for the next report and due date.

150 IEE of Sunkhani-Lamidanda-Kalinchok Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Dolakha

Annex 12: Pictorial Highlights

Glimpse of Public Consultation

IEE team member during consultation

151 IEE of Sunkhani-Lamidanda-Kalinchok Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Dolakha

Existing Road Alignment

Structures within the road corridor

152 IEE of Sunkhani-Lamidanda-Kalinchok Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Dolakha

RCC River Crossing along Road Alignment

Landslide along road alignment (in then Lapilang VDC)

153 IEE of Sunkhani-Lamidanda-Kalinchok Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Dolakha

Annex 13:: Cost Estimation for Land Compensation of New Land Plots in Sunkhani-Lamidanda-Kalinchok Road Subproject qm j8f lsQf yk k|lt j=ld l;6 g+= lsQfsf] If]qkmn hDdf /sd ; hUufwgLsf] gfd jfj'sf] gfd jfh]sf] gfd uf lj ; g+= g+= cfjZos b/ 1 dxn vfnL (unidentified) ;'gvfgL 9 158-1091 885 898.04 294.85 264782.3152 2 b]lj k|;fb lzjfsf]6L lzj nfn ;'gvfgL 9 158-1091 2093 8150 117.64 294.85 34684.9133 3 rqm jxfb'/ j:g]t 9n jxfb'/ ;'gvfgL 9 158-1091 2092 6830 116.05 294.85 34217.96178 4 en/fh j:g]t ;d]t ;'gvfgL 9 158-1091 2490 5255 291.16 294.85 85846.43174 5 rs jxfb'/ j:g]t 9n jxfb'/ ;'gvfgL 9 158-1091 2081 100 13.007 294.85 3835.08614 6 ;'/]Gb| v8sf ;'gvfgL 9 158-1091 2451 346 143.49 294.85 42306.85006 7 s[i0f jxfb'/ v8sf s0f{ jxfb'/ dxflj/ ;'gvfgL 9 158-1091 2070 2420 175.7 294.85 51803.91033 8 b]j]Gb| v8sf ;'gvfgL 9 158-1091 2476 235 3.1671 294.85 933.8069214 9 b]j]Gb| v8sf ;'gvfgL 9 158-1091 2480 235 2.2575 294.85 665.6272144 10 ;'/]Gb| v8sf ;'gvfgL 9 158-1091 2456 305 39.783 294.85 11729.91993 11 gf/fo0f jxfb'/ j:g]t ;'gvfgL 9 158-1091 2498 575 79.465 294.85 23429.85497 12 eQm jxfb'/ j:g]t ;'gvfgL 9 158-1091 2499 540 96.882 294.85 28565.39837 13 dxn vfnL (unidentified) ;'gvfgL 9 158-1091 2501 94.467 294.85 27853.33226 14 rqm jxfb'/ j:g]t 9n jxfb'/ ;'gvfgL 9 158-1091 2078 1560 317.64 294.85 93654.05641 15 rqm jxfb'/ j:g]t 9n jxfb'/ ;'gvfgL 9 158-1091 2079 5910 232.43 294.85 68531.49388 16 rqm jxfb'/ j:g]t 9n jxfb'/ ;'gvfgL 9 158-1091 2076 20240 114.94 294.85 33890.02501 17 dxn vfnL (unidentified) ;'gvfgL 9 158-1091 908 362.24 294.85 106804.3551 18 dxn vfnL (unidentified) ;'gvfgL 9 158-1091 901 103.72 294.85 30581.43649 19 lg/ jxfb'/ sfsL{ If]qL b'uf{ jxfb'/ ;'gvfgL 9 158-1091 2046 330 80.39 294.85 23702.73774 20 lg/ jxfb'/ sfsL{ If]qL ;'gvfgL 9 158-1091 2708 4723 80.506 294.85 23736.92261

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